Immigration and Citizenship in Comparative Perspective

Riva Kastoryano

Course description

International migration patterns have shaped and reshaped individual and collective identities throughout history and across the world. In the present time of globalization, these dynamics have posed particular political and social challenges in both the United States and Europe. National history in the United States, immigration in the European context is the result of the reconstruction of the economy after WWII and decolonization of the 1960s. Today in both sides of the Atlantic the question is raised in terms of border control, integration and citizenship, of national unity, rights and identity. The seminar will emphasize changes and continuity, convergences and divergences among policies, rhetoric and approaches with regard to immigration, incorporation and citizenship in Western democracies. New developments with regard to migration policies and their effect on identity politics, institutional arrangements, multiculturalism, secularism and religion, as well as on the modes of organization, mobilizations and claims of immigrants or minorities will be analyzed. These developments include also globalization and its challenges with regard to transnationalism and dual citizenship as new perspectives in the studies of migration and citizenship. Based on empirical researches, theoretical reflections and normative considerations, the seminar will question the terms of citizenship, membership and allegiance, and the changing relationship between citizenship, rights, and belonging.

Content This course will study the historical, theoretical and methodological tools related to migrations, the logic of states in migration policies, the process of integration and citizenship and the new challenge of transnationalism and its pressure on states.

Migration and citizenship, historical and contemporary Labor migrations (guest workers, undocumented workers, etc.) Boundaries of inclusion (naturalization policies, politics of laïcité and multiculturalism, citizenship and dual citizenships) Theoretical and empirical readings and discussion on migrations and citizenship with regard to multiculturalism, identity politics and national ideologies. Transnational challenges: redefining solidarity and nationhood beyond borders, based on case studies of transnational migrants in Europe and the United States. - Migration global populism

Requirements

Participation 15% Summary of at least 8 readings 15% A critical review of a book 20% Preparation of a final paper (on the topic of your choice) – presentation in class 15% Final paper – a short paper (600 – 800 words) 35%

Participation: discussion Summary of at least 8 readings – article or chapter in the syllabus A book review from a book of your choice in the syllabus The final paper requires some preparation that will be done collectively in class: discussion of the topic, the reason of the choice of the topic, an empirical example and the definition of a theoretical framework.

Course policies : Students are not allowed to use electronic devices during class SYLLABUS

Week 1: Introduction

Migrants’ crisis since 2015 – questions and policies

Week 2: Migration – History of nations

William McNeill, Human Migration, in Population and Development Review, vol:10, no:1, March 1984, pp. 1-18

Castles, S. and Miller, M. , The Age of Migration. International Population Movements in the Modern World, London, MacMillan 1994, (chapters 1, 2, 4, 8)

Week 3 – Methodological Questions in Studying Migration

Portes, A. and DeWind, J.: Conceptual and Methodological Developments in the Study of International Migration in a special issue edited by International Migration Review vol.38, no: 146, Fall 2004. See the Introduction; Castles, S. The factors that Make and Unmake Migration Policies (pp. 852-885)

Week 4 – Migration – Border - Security

Ngai, Mae M., The Strange Career of the Illegal Alien: Immigration Restriction and Deportation Policy in the United States, 1921-1965”, Law and History Review, vol. 21, n° 1, Spring 2003, pp. 69-107

Golash-Boza, T. (2011). Immigration Nation: Raids, Detentions, and Deportations in Post- 9/11 America. Introduction: We are Them: How Punitive Immigration Policies Negatively Affect Citizens, Families, and Communities.

Donnan H. et Wilson T.M., Borders. Frontiers of Identity, Nation and State, New York, Oxford, Berg Publishers, 1999.

Elspeth Guild, Security and migration in the twenty-first century, Polity, 2009

Week 5 - Migration and Integration in Europe and the United States

Gary Freeman, "Modes of Immigration Policies in Liberal Democratic Societies," International Migration Review, 29(4), winter 1995, pp.881-902 + comments

Richard Alba and Nancy Foner. “Comparing Immigrant Integration in North America and Western Europe: How Much Do The Grand Narratives Tell Us?” International Migration Review 2014, 48(s1): S263-S291.

Zolberg, A., A Nation by Design, Immigration Policy in the Fashioning of America. Harvard U.Press 2006, chap. 8 and 10

Week 6 – States, Nations – Migrants, Aliens and Citizens

Irene Bloemraad, Becoming a Citizen: Incorporating Immigrants and Refugees in the United States and Canada, Berkeley: UC Press, 2006, Chapters 1 & 3

Mai Ngai, Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America. Princeton U. Press, 2014, Introduction.

Brubaker, R., “Introduction: Traditions of Nationhood in France and Germany”, in Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany, Harvard U. Press 1992

Kastoryano, R., Negotiating Identities. States and Immigrants in France and Germany, Princeton U. Press, 2002, chapter 2

Week 7 - The Limits of Citizenship

Marshall, T.H., Class, Citizenship and Social Development, Chicago 1964/ Introduction and Ch. 4

Soysal, Y., Limits of Citizenship. Migrants and Postnational Membership in Europe. Chicago, 1994. Ch. 6-7

Kastoryano, R., Negotiating Identities. States and Immigrants in France and Germany, Princeton U. Press, 2002, chapter 7

Koopmans, R. & al., Contested Citizenship: Immigration and Cultural Diversity in Europe, U. of Minnesota Press 2005

Week 9 – Immigration, Integration and Multiculturalism

Kymlicka, W., Multicultural Citizenship, Oxford U. Press, 1995. Ch 2

Joppke, C., The retreat of Multiculturalism in the liberal state : theory and policy British Journal of Sociology, 2004, 55(2) : 237-257

Week 10 – Religion Ethnicity and Multiculturalism

Williams, R. Religion and Multiculturalism: A Web of Legal, Institutional, and Cultural Connections. Sociological Quarterly. 2015, 56(4), 607.

Kastoryano, R., Religion and Incorporation. Islam in France and Germany, in International Migration Review, Fall 2004

Week 11 – Islam in Europe, secularism and religious pluralism

The Great Divide: How Westerners and Muslims view each other, Nation Pew Global Attitude Survey: June 2006, http://www.pewglobal.org Zolberg, A., Why Islam is like Spanish: Cultural incorporation in Europe and the United States, Politics and Society, 1999

Jonathan Laurence. 2012. The Emancipation of Europe’s Muslims: The State’s Role in Minority Integration. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Pres

Week 12 – The Era of Transnationalism

Portes, Alejandro, Luis E. Guarnizo, and Patricia Landolt. "The Study of Transnationalism: Pitfalls and Promise of an Emergent Research Field." Ethnic and Racial Studies, 1999, 22(2):217-37.

Linda Basch et al., (1994), Nation Unbound, Transnational Project Postcolonial and Deterritorialized Nation-States, Chapitres 1 et 2

R. Waldinger, R., Fitzgerald, D., Transnationalism in Question, American journal of Sociology, 2004, vol: 109, no: 5, pp.1177-1195

Eckstein, Susan& Adil Najam (eds.) How Immigrants Impact their homeland, Duke University Press, 2013

Week 13 - Immigration, Integration and Global Populism https://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/growth-radical-right-nordic-countries