Section 3: Hotspots Along China's Maritime Periphery
SECTION 3: HOTSPOTS ALONG CHINA’S MARITIME PERIPHERY Key Findings • U.S. presence and alliance commitments have helped main- tain regional stability in Asia. China’s aggressive actions in the East China Sea, South China Sea, and Taiwan Strait threaten principles such as freedom of navigation, the use of international law to settle disputes, and free trade. If Bei- jing continues to increase its control over the East and South China seas, the United States could receive requests for ad- ditional assistance by allies, friends, and partners to improve their capabilities to defend themselves, along with calls for the United States to remain engaged in the region to main- tain security and stability. • With China actively preparing contingency plans for oper- ations against U.S. allies, friends, and partners along Chi- na’s maritime periphery, the United States and China could quickly become involved in a conflict if Beijing escalates. This risk becomes greater depending on the level of tensions as- sociated with any of the following flashpoints: the Korean Peninsula, the South China Sea, the East China Sea, and cross-Strait relations. • Chinese leaders are cautious about letting a crisis escalate into conflict, and Chinese military thinkers study “war con- trol” as a method for limiting the scope of a conflict to mini- mize negative consequences and achieve a victory at minimal cost. However, if Beijing believes the risk of a response to Chinese action is low, China may be tempted to risk brinks- manship to achieve its national objectives. Furthermore, if Beijing is unable to avoid escalation, any crises involving the use of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) create opportuni- ties to widen a crisis into a conflict that results in the use of force.
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