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The Maqâtil of the Zubayrids in Medieval
Famous Last Words The Maqātil of the Zubayrids in Medieval Islamic Histories SANDRA S. CAMPBELL (San Diego State University) Abstract Death scenes, or maqātil, were used by early Muslim historians to convey the meaning of lives, and to show the righteousness or sinfulness of the historical figures they were reporting about. Careful historians, such as al-ṬABARĪ or al-BALĀDHURĪ, eschewed the most obviously legendary tales, but seem to have exercised leniency when recounting death scenes. Using accounts of the deaths of ʿA Allā al- a a i t M ʿab b. al-Zubayr, I argue that the death scenes of these men reflect anxiety later Muslims felt about fighting undertaken by the ṣaḥāba and tābiʿūn, forebears whom later Sunnis took as exemplars even though they had participated in civil wars against other Sunni figures. Both of these men died fighting for a cause that they likely deemed righteous, which raised the question of martyrdom. Could they be considered martyrs when they had died fighting other Muslims? Their death scenes indicate that these men at least died nobly, heroically fighting for their cause. Whatever their status in the next life, in their death scenes, they are given voices, posthumous though they might be, with which to preserve their memories in an edifying and morally uplifting fashion, and to hint at their ultimate fates. Introduction th th The famous 12 -13 century historian, IBN AL-ATHĪR, defended the usefulness of historical writing by arguing that the lessons of history encourage intelligent people to forbear in the face of adversity, to take consolation in knowing of the trials suffered by others, and to re- alize that life and fate in this lower world are arbitrary: A t t f l f i t f t t w l … t l i t lligent persons who reflect about the lessons of history will notice that the world turns its people upside down and plays havoc with its most prominent inhabitants. -
Amr and Muawiya Pact
Edinburgh Research Explorer The Pact (amna) Between Muwiya Ibn Ab Sufyn and Amr Ibn Al- (656 or 658 CE) Citation for published version: Marsham, A 2012, 'The Pact (amna) Between Muwiya Ibn Ab Sufyn and Amr Ibn Al- (656 or 658 CE): ‘Documents’ and the Islamic Historical Tradition', Journal of Semitic Studies, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 69-96. https://doi.org/10.1093/jss/fgr034 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1093/jss/fgr034 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Early version, also known as pre-print Published In: Journal of Semitic Studies Publisher Rights Statement: © Marsham, Andrew / The Pact (amna) Between Muwiya Ibn Ab Sufyn and Amr Ibn Al- (656 or 658 CE) : ‘Documents’ and the Islamic Historical Tradition. In: Journal of Semitic Studies, Vol. 57, No. 1, 2012, p. 69-96. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 28. Sep. 2021 The Pact (amāna) between Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān and ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ (656 or 658 CE): ‘Documents’ and the Islamic Historical Tradition* Andrew Marsham University of Edinburgh The limits of uncritical approaches to the Islamic historical tradition are now widely accepted. -
University of Lo Ndo N Soas the Umayyad Caliphate 65-86
UNIVERSITY OF LONDON SOAS THE UMAYYAD CALIPHATE 65-86/684-705 (A POLITICAL STUDY) by f Abd Al-Ameer 1 Abd Dixon Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philoso] August 1969 ProQuest Number: 10731674 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10731674 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 2. ABSTRACT This thesis is a political study of the Umayyad Caliphate during the reign of f Abd a I -M a lik ibn Marwan, 6 5 -8 6 /6 8 4 -7 0 5 . The first chapter deals with the po litical, social and religious background of ‘ Abd al-M alik, and relates this to his later policy on becoming caliph. Chapter II is devoted to the ‘ Alid opposition of the period, i.e . the revolt of al-Mukhtar ibn Abi ‘ Ubaid al-Thaqafi, and its nature, causes and consequences. The ‘ Asabiyya(tribal feuds), a dominant phenomenon of the Umayyad period, is examined in the third chapter. An attempt is made to throw light on its causes, and on the policies adopted by ‘ Abd al-M alik to contain it. -
The Prince of Martyrs: Account of the Imam Husayn Pdf, Epub, Ebook
THE PRINCE OF MARTYRS: ACCOUNT OF THE IMAM HUSAYN PDF, EPUB, EBOOK A.Q. Faizi | 76 pages | 01 Jan 1977 | George Ronald Publisher | 9780853980735 | English | Abingdon, United Kingdom The Prince of Martyrs: Account of the Imam Husayn PDF Book Therefore, know thou of a certainty that these Luminaries of heavenly majesty, though their dwelling be in the dust, yet their true habitation is the seat of glory in the realms above. A few days later, Husayn left for Mecca without acknowledging Yazid. Continue with Google. They repeatedly wrote letters and called Imam Husayn to them and took bay'at allegiance for his caliphate. Part I: The Mosque of al-Aqmar". Archived from the original on 30 October After the third caliph Uthman 's assassination by rebels in , the rebels and the townspeople of Medina declared Ali , a cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad , caliph. Ibn al-Zubayr started secretly recruiting supporters in Mecca, [56] while overtly calling for a shura to elect a new caliph. This essentially split the Islamic empire into two spheres with two different caliphs. Aghaie, Kamran S. Original Title. Husayn did not give allegiance and traveled to Mecca. During this time, Umayyad oppression was rampant, and the stand that Husayn and his followers took became a symbol of resistance inspiring future uprisings against oppressors and injustice. Now, a question which plainly arises here is this. I am not going to plunge headlong into the sea of traditions in which Islamic theology is so rich, so I will confine myself to what is or may be called the region of clear reason and intellect as opposed to the obiter dicta of religious dogmatism and fanaticism. -
Unit 14 the Caliphate: Ummayads and Abbasids
Roman Empire: UNIT 14 THE CALIPHATE: UMMAYADS AND Political System ABBASIDS* Structure 14.0 Objectives 14.1 Introduction 14.2 The Ummayad Caliphate: Sufyanid Period 14.3 The Ummayad Caliphate: Marwanid Period 14.4 Later Ummayads 14.5 Ummayad Aesthetics and Material Culture 14.5.1 Court Culture 14.5.2 Palaces and Mosques 14.6 Ummayad Economy: Estates, Trade and Irrigation 14.6.1 Settled Agriculture 14.6.2 Ummayad Trade, Urbanism and Suqs 14.7 Ummayad Monarchs and Provinces (Wilayats) 14.8 Fall of the Ummayad Dynasty 14.9 The Abbasid Caliphate: Abbas and Mansur 14.10 The Abbasid Caliphate: Harun and Al-Mamun 14.11 Later Abbasid Caliphs 14.12 The Abbasid Caliphate: Irrigation, Peasants and Estates 14.12.1 Irrigation 14.12.2 Popular Revolts in the Abbasid Caliphate 14.12.3 Forms of Estates under the Abbasids 14.12.4 Tax Farming in the Abbasid Egypt 14.13 Taxes and Diwans under the Abbasids 14.14 Summary 14.15 Keywords 14.16 Answers to Check Your Progress Exercises 14.17 Suggested Readings 14.18 Instructional Video Recommendations 14.0 OBJECTIVES In this Unit, we will study about the Ummayad and Abbasid Caliphate which were established by Muawiyah I and Abbas As-Saffah respectively. In the same vein the Ummayads continued campaigns and conquests started by the Caliphs — Abu Bakr and Umar. It was the largest empire in terms of geographical extent. But the Caliphate * Dr. Shakir-ul Hassan, Department of History and Culture, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 267 RomanSocieties Republic in Central developed hereditary tendencies under the Ummayads. -
Distinguishing the Virtuous City of Alfarabi from That of Plato in Light of His Unique Historical Context
HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies ISSN: (Online) 2072-8050, (Print) 0259-9422 Page 1 of 9 Original Research Distinguishing the virtuous city of Alfarabi from that of Plato in light of his unique historical context Authors: There is a tendency among scholars to identify Alfarabi’s political philosophy in general and 1 Ishraq Ali his theory of the state in particular with that of Plato’s The Republic. Undoubtedly Alfarabi was Mingli Qin1 well versed in the philosophy of Plato and was greatly influenced by it. He borrows the Affiliations: Platonic concept of the philosopher king and uses it in his theory of the state. However, we 1Faculty of Humanities and argue that the identification of Alfarabi’s virtuous city with that of Plato’sThe Republic is an Social Sciences, Dalian inaccurate assessment as it involves overlooking Alfarabi’s unique religiopolitical context. University of Technology China, Dalian, China Alfarabi was a Muslim political philosopher, and the present article intends to understand Alfarabi’s theory of the state in light of his historical context. The article shows that, viewed Corresponding author: through the prism of Islamic religion and political history, Alfarabi’s virtuous city seems Ishraq Ali, distinct from that of Plato’s The Republic. [email protected] Keywords: Alfarabi; Plato; the Republic; Virtuous city; Utopia; Religion; Politics. Dates: Received: 25 Dec. 2018 Accepted: 22 May 2019 Published: 14 Aug. 2019 Introduction How to cite this article: The Homo sapiens’ need for association has long been acknowledged as a fundamental truth. The Ali, I. & Qin, M., 2019, inherent tendency to form an association is the fundamental characteristic that distinguishes man ‘Distinguishing the virtuous qua man from animals on one hand and God on the other. -
Ghazal Poetry and the Marwānids: a Study of Kuthayyir ʿazza
Ghazal Poetry and the Marwānids: A Study of Kuthayyir ʿAzza Samuel Truman Wilder Trinity Hall January 2019 This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of Cambridge 1 This dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It is not substantially the same as any that I have submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for a degree or diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. I further state that no substantial part of my dissertation has already been submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for any such degree, diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It does not exceed the prescribed word limit for the relevant Degree Committee. 2 1. Introduction 4-19 1.1 ‘Transitional’ Umayyad Poetry: Approach to the Sources 4-11 1.2 Kuthayyir: Texts and Life 11-18 1.3 The Structure of this Dissertation 18-19 2. Kuthayyir’s Ghazal 20-135 2.1 Reading the Emergence of Ghazal Poetry 20-42 2.2 The Performance Context of Ghazal 43-51 2.3 The Form of Kuthayyir’s Ghazal 52-67 Note on Metre 55-57 2.3.a Poem Openings 57-59 2.3.b The Aṭlāl 59-60 2.3.c The Ẓaʿn Motif 60-62 2.3.d Raḥīl, Oaths, and Transitions 62-64 2.3.e Closing Sections 64-67 2.4 Reading Kuthayyir’s Ghazal 68-103 2.5 The Pilgrimage-Oath and Pilgrimage References In Kuthayyir’s Ghazal 104-118 2.5.a The Pilgrimage as Setting in Ḥijāzī Poetry 107-116 2.5.b The Significance of Pilgrimage-Reference in Marwānid Poetry 116-118 2.6 Illness of Distance: The Poetics of Suqm 119-135 3. -
Ramli Omar Phd Thesis
>42 ?7/BB/1 =?002==598- =?002==598 >9 >42 0/65;4/>2 3<97 >42 35<=> 05@56 A/< >9 >42 281 93 >42 ?7/BB/1 1B8/=>B <CNMK 9NCR / >JGSKS =UDNKTTGF HPR TJG 1GIRGG PH ;J1 CT TJG ?OKVGRSKTY PH =T$ /OFRGWS ',,+ 3UMM NGTCFCTC HPR TJKS KTGN KS CVCKMCDMG KO <GSGCREJ.=T/OFRGWS-3UMM>GXT CT- JTTQ-%%RGSGCREJ#RGQPSKTPRY$ST#COFRGWS$CE$UL% ;MGCSG USG TJKS KFGOTKHKGR TP EKTG PR MKOL TP TJKS KTGN- JTTQ-%%JFM$JCOFMG$OGT%'&&()%(+)* >JKS KTGN KS QRPTGETGF DY PRKIKOCM EPQYRKIJT THE UMAYYAD SUCCESSION: SUCCESSION TO THE CALIPHATE FROM THE FIRST CIVIL WAR TO THE END OF THE UMAYYAD DYNASTY RAMLI OMAR ,ý. CA UNI A . -- Presented in application for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS 1997 This thesis has been composed by me, Ramli Omar. It is a record of work done by me and has not been accepted in any previous application for any degree. 16 Candidate Date of candidate's admission as a research student: December 1993 Mr Ramli Omar has fulfilled the regulations applying to candidates for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of St Andrews. Supervisor Access to this thesis in the University Library, if it is approved,shall be unrestricted. Dedication My beloved wife Meriah all my sons and daughters Nailah A. Salami Af ifuddin Hidayati Nazii who patiently waited for me during my study Thank you so much Acknowledgments Dr RA Kimber, of the Department of Arabic Studies, Mrs E. Kerr, the Secretary of the Department of Arabic Studies, Dr H. -
The Great Orientalist Bernard Lewis Ahmed Jawad
University of South Florida Scholar Commons Outstanding Honors Theses Honors College 4-26-2012 The Great Orientalist Bernard Lewis Ahmed Jawad Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/honors_et Part of the American Studies Commons Scholar Commons Citation Jawad, Ahmed, "The Great Orientalist Bernard Lewis" (2012). Outstanding Honors Theses. Paper 108. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/honors_et/108 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Outstanding Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Jawad 1 The Great Orientalist Bernard Lewis Ahmed Jawad Dr. Georg H. Kleine University of South Florida Spring 2012 Jawad 2 Among the most highly-praised Western scholars on historical and contemporary religious and cultural issues in the Middle East has been British-American Professor Bernard Lewis, whose relatively recent works include New York Times bestseller What Went Wrong? The Clash Between Islam and Modernity in the Middle East and national bestseller The Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Unholy Terror. In What Went Wrong? Lewis highlights the deterioration of scientific discovery in the Muslim world as it occurred with the decline of the Ottoman Empire, the rise of Western intellectualism and the Enlightenment as it occurred with the rise of the European empires, and the subsequent failure of the Islamic world to modernize at the same rate as the West technologically, intellectually, and economically, allowing the West to hold dominance over the rest of the world in these aspects. -
Caliphal Imperialism and Ḥijāzī Elites in the Second/Eighth Century
This is a repository copy of Caliphal Imperialism and Ḥijāzī Elites in the Second/Eighth Century. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/98416/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Munt, Thomas Henry Robert orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-1406 (2016) Caliphal Imperialism and Ḥijāzī Elites in the Second/Eighth Century. Al-Masāq : Islam and the Medieval Mediterranean. pp. 6-21. ISSN 1473-348X https://doi.org/10.1080/09503110.2016.1153296 Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Caliphal imperialism and Ḥijāzī elites in the second/eighth century Harry Munt University of York In 129/747, during the reign of the last Umayyad caliph Marwān b. Muḥammad (r. 127– 132/744–749), a Kharijite rebel called Abū Ḥamza al-Mukhtār b. ʿAwf advanced on Mecca during the hajj season. The Umayyad governor, ʿAbd al-Wāḥid b. Sulaymān, abandoned both the town and the pilgrims. -
The Sanctity of Jerusalem and Palestine in Early Islam
CHAPTER SEVEN THE SANCTITY OF JERUSALEM AND PALESTINE IN EARLY ISLAM In a famous passage of his Muhammedanische Studien.! I. Gold ziher expounds in great detail the theory that the Umayyad caliph 'Abd al-Malik, by erecting the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, intended to outdo his rival <Abdallah b. Zubayr, who exploited the holiness of Mecca, his capital, for his own political ends. The Hajj, the Muslim pilgrimage, was to be diverted from the Ka'ba to the new temple of Jerusalem, a procedure which was to be justified by sayings attributed to the Prophet or some of his Companions. According to this thesis, the numerous holy traditions supporting or opposing the religious importance of Jerusalem and its sanctuary were but weapons in the war between the two competitors for the caliphate. As we shall presently see, Goldziher's thesis could rely on certain passages in Arabic sources, but its elaborate exposition was due to the master's methodical endeavor to make the contradictory sayings of the Hadith intelligible in the light of contemporary history. In any case, this theory about the motives for the erection of the Dome of the Rock has been generally accepted and invariably appears in historical textbooks dealing with the period. <Abd al Malik was nicknamed a second jeroboam'' and even the circular ground plan of the magnificent building was explained as intended for the ceremony of the Tawaf, the circumambulation of the sanctuary.t However, a thorough study of the sources and a careful weighing of the historical circumstances show that the erection of the Dome of the Rock could not have been intended to divert the Hajj from Mecca to Jerusalem, ·while the contradictory traditions concerning the holiness ofthe latter could not have had their origin exclusively, or even mainly, in the short period between the beginning of the erection of the Qubbat al-Sakhra (about 66 A.H.) and Ibn Zubayr's 1 Muhammedanische Studien, II, pp. -
'Abd Allah Ibn Al-Zubayr and His Career As Caliph
‘Abd Allah Ibn Al-Zubayr and His Career as Caliph Prof. Dr. Mehmet Mehdi Ilhan∗ Abstract ‘Abd Allah b. al-Zubayr was raised by ‘A’isha in the Prophet’s (s.a.s.) house. Safiyyah, the Prophet’s maternal aunt was his paternal grandmother, ‘A’isha’s sister Asma was his mother, and Abu Bakr his maternal grandfather. ‘Abd Allah b. al-Zubayr’s upbringing and lineage played an important role throughout his life and future career as caliph. Although ‘Abd Allah b. al-Zubayr was undeniably close to ‘A’isha, a very reliable source for the sunna and the traditions of the Prophet, his loyalty to the teachings of the Prophet and particular- ly the warning to those who attribute to the Prophet what he had not said that they would be sent to hell determined his choice of only 33 hadith to transmit. His love for the house of the Prophet and his grandfather Abu Bakr made him a staunch defender of the office of caliphate when he saw it abused by Mu‘awiyah and his son Yazid. ‘Abd Allah b. al-Zubayr ruled over Hijaz and the Eastern provinces from Mecca for nine years. The people of Iraq, Hijaz, and a large part of Syria paid him homage as caliph. After his death in 692 A.D., the caliphate of ‘Abd al-Malik b. Marwan was confirmed. In this paper I will deal with the life and career of ‘Abd Allah b. al-Zubayr and show how the Prophet’s teachings were reflected in his character and behaviour.