6824 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~HOU$E JUNE 27 Mr. McKELLAR. , 1-hope he will- take Carl Amandus Brandt Washington,_D. C., offere~ the foliov?ing his problem to a higher power and come Edward Haviland Lastayo prayer: to a conclusion .which will be just and Armistead Davis Mead, Jr. Lawrence Joseph Carr Our Father, which art in Heaven, we right. . Laurence Knight Ladue thank Thee that we can be here today to Mr. CHAVEZ. Yes. I suggest also that Eugene McGinley give of the best of our abilities to the solv­ he read the speech delivered by President Frederic Lord Hayden ing of national problems which confront Truman in San Francisco yesterday. It Walter Robertson Agee us. might help the prayer. Louis Wilson Maddox We thank Thee that men and women Mr. McKELLAR. I am quite sure ·it George Stanley Smith Robert Whitney Burns have always been helped when they have would. called upon Thee. We thank Thee, dear Mr. CHAVEZ. Last evening the major­ John Henry Woodberry Vincent Joseph Esposito Father, that we are aware of the fact ity leader gave notice to the Senate of the John Forest Goodman that in ancient times men were directed possibility of holding a session tonight. · Frank Sayles Bowen, Jr. by Thy Spirit. Thou didst lead Abra­ Mr. McKELLAR. There cannot be a Gordon Edmund Textor ham; Thou didst open the way for Jacob; meeting of the Senate tonight. The ma­ Milton Wylie Arnold Thou didst lead and strengthen Elijah. jority leader [Mr. BARKLEY] has be~n , Edward Lyman Munson, Jr. The rays of Thy love and leadership ever · called to Chicago, where he expects to Orlen Nelson Thompson John Simpson Gut hrie shone before the footsteps of Paul. Thou make a speech tonight at 8 o'clock. He didst lead Thine own Son to the peaks will return in the morning. He will not William Wesley Wanamaker Charles Moore Walson of glory. We thank Thee, Lord, that be present in Washington tonight. William Preston Corderman Thou art a God who will help to guide us Mr. CHAVEZ. I am afraid that would Harry McKenzie Roper if we call upon Thee. interfere with the extended explanation Edwin William Chamberlain We are thankful, dear Lord, that Thou of the FEPC which the Senator from Mis­ Yantis Halbert Taylor hast brought us to this Nation in a day sissippi is making, but I wished to give Leonard Dickson Weddington like this. In the Old Book we read the him an opportunity to consume the time Andrew Daniel Hopping Warren Henry McNaught message, ''Esther, thou didst come to the between now and 6 o'clock tomorrow Woods King kingdom for such a day as this"; and in morning. I was hoping that the Senate F. Trubee Davison the New Book we read the message, "In would hold a night session. Hugh Meglone Mil ton 2d the fullness of time God sent forth His Mr. BILBO. I will be glad of the op­ Elliott Carr Cutler Son." We believe that we have been portunity to remain here if the Senator Franlt Richard Denton called by Thee to undertake tremendous from New Mexico will also remain. Harold Ross Harris responsibilities · in this most critical Edward Reynolds RECESS period of our Nation's life. Each one of Harry H. Vaughan us, dear Father, has a sense of destiny in Mr. McKELLAR. I move that the To be major generals our hearts. Senate take a recess until 12 o'clock noon Edward Peck Curtis Our Father, as we look to the duties of tomorrow. John Merryman Franklin this day and of the days ahead, we pledge The motion was agreed to; and UNITED STATES will reach out our hands and place them took a recess until tomorrow, Thursday, To be second lieutenants, Air Corps, with in Thine and will abide by the leadership June 28, 1945, at 12 o'clock meridian. rank from June 5, 1945 of Thy Spirit. We know that Thy pres­ Elmer Resides Haslett ence near us will quicken our own think- · OONFIRMATIONS Bernard Moran James ing and will empower our wills. Executive nominations confirmed by APPOINTMENTS, BY TRANSFER, IN THE ARMY OF Help us to so carry on for this Nation the Senate June 27 Illinois? ' Mr. REES of Kansas. Mr. Speaker, I have not got? There was no objection. ask unanimous consent to address the The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time Mr. DffiKSEN. Mr. Speaker, I do com­ House for 1 minute. of the gentleman from Michigan has ex­ mend to all the Members of the Congress The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there pired. objection to the request of the gentleman the report to which the gentleman from from Kansas? EXTENSION OF REMARKS ·aeorgia, Judge TARVER, has just al- luded. It is factual, it is restrained, and There was no objection. Mr. ROBERTSON of North Dakota it constitutes in my judgment a very good Mr. REES of Kansas. Mr. Speaker, a as~ed and was given permission to extend few days ago I addressed a letter to Presi­ his remarks in the RECORD and include an job. Incidentally, I want to commend dent Truman requesting that he issue an editorial from the St. Paul Farmer, a Judge TARVER for the very fair and im­ Executive order that would reduce the farm ·paper. The editorial covers the partial way in which he conducted the hearings. I think he has made an out­ workweek to not more than 44 hours, ex­ question of the tenth anniversary of the REA. - standing contribution and deserves the cept where public necessity demands, for commendation of the Congress. all Government employees included un­ Mr. MILLER of Nebraska asked and der the bill that was approved by the was given permission to extend. his re­ . FEPC House and Senate this week. ' I hope the marks in the Appendix of the RECORD and Mr. WEISS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ President will approve my proposal. to include a speech he made at the Ne­ mous consent to address the House for 1 In order to further sustain and braska stock growers convention at minute and to revise and extend my l'e­ .strengthe~ my proposal, .I have today O'Neill, Nebr. marks. 1945 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-HOUSE 6827 The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there monize their views into a charter of this permitted to sit this afternoon during objection to the request of the gentleman kind. I think it speaks well for the com­ general debate. from Pennsylvania? ing peace of the world. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there There was no objection. I especially ·want to commend the objection to the request of the gentle­ [Mr. WEiss addressed the House. His United States delegation, composed of man from Ohio? x:emarks appear in the Appendix.] Secretary of State Stettinius and .our There was no objection. EXTENSION OF REMARKS colleagues, the 'gentleman from New York [Mr. BLOOM], and the gentleman THE LATE JAMES R. BUCKLEY Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON asked and from New Jersey [Mr. EATON], Senator The SPEAKER pro tempore. The was given permission to extend his re.­ CONNALLY, Senator VANDEBERG, Dean Chair recognizes the gentleman from marks in the RECORD and include there­ Gildersleeve, and Lieutenant Command­ Illinois [Mr. O'BRIEN]. in a letter and a statement from Hon. er Stassen for the magnificent job they Mr. O'BRIEN of Illinois. Mr. Speak­ Cordell Hull concerning the San Fran­ have done. They are entitled to the er, it is my sad duty to announce to the cisco Conference. thanks and gratitude of the American Members the death of one of our former Mr. ROE of Maryland asked and was people. colleagues, the Honorable James R. Buck­ given permission to extend his remarks The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time ley, who served the Sixth Congressional in the RECORD and include therein an of the gentleman from Texas has ex­ District of Illinois, the district I now have article from the Centerville een some situations that they they are going to do with the other $2,- asks how long it will be before he will should have stepped into, but there are 000,000,000 worth of goods that is going have to stop and close up his shop. That many situations that they stepped into out. rs the question small business people the that the local people would have taken Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, will the country over are thinking about because care of if they had kept out of there. gentleman yield? of Government red tap and regulations. The way they have operated has been a Mr. TABER. I yield to the gentleman Mr. TABER. We have spent.our time menace to the whole housing situation from Pennsylvania. providing loans for small business which throughout the Nation. Mr. RICH. Take this money that we most of them do not need, but we have There is an item in here for community are appropriating for lend-lease, how throttled small business by the wild fa.cilities. There are Federal contribu­ long are we going to continue lend-lease crazy operations of the OPA. I do not tions all_over the country for that pur­ in the European countries, especially know how we are going to stop it; pose. The information I get about the those countries who are not interested --­ frankly, we cannot· stop it by the type of way that is operated is that these peo­ in aiding us in fighting the battle of the legislation that the Congress can enact. ple are insisting upon about twice as Pacific? When will it stop? The only way it can be stopped is through much money being spent as should be Mr. TABER. I hope it will stop pretty proper administration, and that we have spent on these things and that it costs quick. I think that this lend-:lease op­ never had in the OPA. twice as much to operate as if it were eration ought to wind up as soon as we done locally, which is one of the curses can get our troops out of France, Hol­ The OPA regulations with reference to of Federal contribution. The longer we land, and Belgium and the rest of the clothing are wild. They talk abo~t continue that kind of business the worse European theatre, except insofar as those prices not going up. Anybody who has shape the country will be in. countries are contributing to the Japa­ been to a store or market knows a great Mr. Chairman, I want to speak for a nese war. deal better. than to believe that. The little while about this lend-lease situa­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the other day my wife told me about finding tion. There has been appropriated al­ gentleman from New York has expired. a cheap cotton dress priced at $29.50 together, ihcluding the amounts made Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I .yield that 3 years ago she used to buy for $8.50. available in the war bill passed yesterday, myself 10 additional minutes. Everything of that character is in about approximately $65,000,000 that can be Insofar as the other countries are the same category. They have done used for this purpose. Of that amount concerned, with reference to the coun­ worse with the low-priced stuff than they $28,222,498 was appropriated directly by tries that are not participating in the have w_ith the high-priced because they the Col)gress to the Lend-Lease Admin­ Japanese war, I hope that the operation have forced the low-priced stuff off tpe istration under_the President. l'ne ot:Q.~r will be wound up very promptly• . I can 1945 CONGRESSIONAL R'EGORD_:_HOUSE 6831 see that there are a great many cases life it has been generally known by every Mr. WOODRUFF of Michigan. The where we have not yet gotten our troops Member of the House of Representatives point I want to make is this, that while out of a country and whete, ,perhaps, we that there never was any intent to col­ they are borrowing money, is there ariy are under some obligation to carry on~ lect any part of it, to either get back reason in the world why they should not Frankly, it was very difficult to get any what we loaned or to collect for the get the money they need from their own satisfactory answers out of a great many things that we gave? people, exactly as we have to get our of the -people who were connected with Mr. TABER. I do not think anybody money, not only for our own needs, but the lend-lease outfit. Mr. Cox, Deputy ever expected any of these countries to for everything we have done for these Administrator, was very evasive. He repay us for anything which was used other people? As a result of that policy would make a statement that he would in the war effort. I never had any idea we a-re faced with a debt of more than have to take back after further ques­ that there would be. On the other hand, $300 ,ooo:ooo,ooo. It is a debt that is tioning. ·He is a smart lawyer, and he there have been some counter operations. greater than all the debts of all of our ought to know better than to handle That is, the other countries have con­ allies combined. · himself in that way. The situation is tributed something toward our war effort. Mr. TABER. The trouble is, if we exceedingly difficult, and the only bright The countries that have so contributed create any more debt on our people to spot on the whole horizon is what intel­ very largely have been Great Britain, hand out to these other people and they ligent administration we might get out Australia, New Zealand, and one or two are not given the idea that they have to of the picture by Mr. Crowley. of the other small countries. The take care of themselves and do their own I have some tables here indicating the French and Belgians and Dutch are pay­ rehabilitation job with such help as tney total amount that has been shipped out ing or are expected to pay back a con­ can get from German prisoners and that of this country down to the 30th of April. siderable part of what is turned over to sort of· thing, we are going to create a I am not going to put the detail of it in them at this time. situation where we will have the ill will the' RECORD. It runs practically forty Mr. WOODRUFF of Michigan. I have instead of the good will of those coun­ billion of delivered goods, leaving about had a report from the Treasury Depart­ tries. $25,000,000,000 appropriated but not de­ ment within tfle last 3 or 4 weeks which Mr. WOODRUFF of Michigan. All of livered. How-much of that $25,000,000,- shows that 18 of the nations to whom which indicates that if we do those things 000 will be delivered I would not want to we loaned our money following the First we will mark ourselves as utterly inca­ say, but probably $20,000,000,000 out of World War, which nations repudiated all - pable ·of properly safeguarding the re­ $25,000,000,000 is for war . implements of their debts to us, are today in arrears sources and the welfare of the people of and munitions and that sort of thing, $14,500,000,000. It has been proposed this country. and it is impossible to tell how much of that we lend our money to various na;­ The CHAIRMAN.· The time of the that might be delivered to other coun­ tions with whom we have been allied gentleman from New York has again ex­ tries until · the operations in the field during this· war in order to enable them pired. show what has been done. to rehabilitate their industries, and so Mr. TABER. I yield myself one ad­ The $20,000,000,000 in the war item forth. I want to say for the RECORD ditional minute in order to yield to the probably will not be delivered as rapidly that it is my opinion ·that history will gentleman from Nebraska. as has been the case in the past year. repeat itself, and that any money we Mr. STEFAN. Will the gentleman The total deliveries last year were some­ lend to them for that or any other pur­ please tell the House how much new thing like $12,000,000,000, if I remember pose will not be repaid, just as the loans money we are appropriating in this de­ correctly. t would not expect the de­ which we made to them following the ficiency bill for lend-lease? liveries to equal that this coming year. First World War, when we loaned them Mr. TABER. The way the bill stands Of course, the largest amount goes to the billions upon billions of dollars, were also now, it is $1,975,000,000. I understand British Empire. r..ast year, that is in not repaid. Because if there is anything there is to be an amendment offered that this current fiscal year, there was de­ that has been demonstrated it is the fact would raise it $500,000,000. What is livered to Russia about nine and one-half that if we make these loans to foreign going to happen, I do not know. billion dollars. There was delivered a countries we must not expect repayment Mr. STEFAN. What is the total lend­ small amount comparatively to China because there will be no repayment. lease up to this time? and smaller amounts to other countries. Mr. TABER. I do not think we will Mr. TABER. The total appropriations It is a very difficult situation. On the have any loans paid back to us. That prior to this date are $65,000,000,000. other hand, there is not any sense in has never oeen the record of any gov­ That is rough. It may be $100,000,000 Congress appropriating more money ernmerttal loan, and it just gets us into either way. than could possibly be used on that kind a worse position with those peoples. Mr. STEFAN. The $40,000,000,000 you of activity. The worst thing we did after the last have been referring to were deliveries? Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, will the war was to permit loans to be made to Mr. TABER. Those were deliveries gentleman yield? certain people who spent their money down through the 30th of April, to other Mr. TABER. I yield. on building armaments rather than countries. - raising their own standards of living Mr. RICH. As I understand the term Mr. STEFAN. And what was the $25,- "lend-lease" it means we either lend it and getting themselves fixed up. Now we have got to be very careful how we 000,0.00,000? to foreign countries or lease it to them. Mr. TABER. That is the balance of If .that is the interpretation of lend­ proceed on any loans this time or we will get into the same trouble and indirectly the appropriation that has been made lease then what obligations have those that has not yet been delivered. countries given us for what we have result in arming some other country to make trouble for us. I think that is ·Mr: STEFAN. What is the use appro­ loaned them or leased to them? priating additional funds?· Mr. TABER. I do not think there something we must guard against very have been any substantial obligations carefully as we go. We must not expect Mr. TABER. Because 25 of that is in entered into by any other country with that any money is going to be paid back the War and Navy Departments, and is reference to repayment. There are some to us except what is paid on current not available here, and of the other $5,- but not too many. - turn-overs, just lil{e we were in the gro­ 000,000,000 and more, $4,000,000,000 is Mr. RICH. Then that is a misnomer, cery business. That is about the only obligated. is it not? way we can get anything back. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Mr. TABER. Well the word "give" is Mr. WOODRUFF of Michigan. I agree gentleman from New York has again ex­ in the list of 'verbs that relate to the entirely with what the gentleman says pired. operation of the proposition. we should and should not do, but I Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, I yield Mr. WOODRUFF of M'ichigan. Mr. think while probably, it is necessary for 13 minutes to the gentleman from Mis­ Chairman, will th~ gentleman yield? these countries to have much money in souri [Mr. COCHRAN]. Mr. TABER. I yield. . order to rehabilitate themselves-- · Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Chairman, again Mr. ·wooDRUFF of Michigan. Will The CHAIRMAN. The time of the we hear the chairman of the Committee ·~\ot the gentleman agree with me that gentleman from New York pas expired. on Appropriations, my colleague the gen­ from t.he _very fi:rst time this pseudo Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield tleman from Missouri [Mr. CANNON] tell or so-called lend-lease was brought to myself one additional minute. the House of-the great worl{ that is being 6832 JUNE 27 done by the inyestigators of his commit­ tion after position, after posftion for the majority floor leader $300; increasing tee. On several occasions he has made last 10 or 12 years? the salary of the clerk to the minority speeches along that line. I think it would Mr. COCHRAN. That is true, but is no conference $300. The .argument of be well for some of the investigators of excuse for what I complain of. other employees of the House is sound. the Appropriations Committee to be as­ Mr. RICH. Until now we have three Those increases should have rested until signed to make a little investigation of and one-half million Government em­ either the Monroney committee brought the Appropriations Committee to deter­ ployees where we used to have but 500,- in its report or the whole subject of the mine why that committee continues to 000 before the administration came into personnel of the Congress was taken up assume jurisdiction of other committees power. by the Accounts Committee. of this House, and when they propose Mr. COCHRAN. I am talking about Mr. Chairman, one of the amendments to stop it. something else. offered on the floor provided for the The rules of the House provide that Mr. RICH. But the whole thing works raising of the salaries of certain employ­ jurisdiction over the character of inves­ out to the result that instead of the tax­ ees at the desk. We now have three tigations being made by the Appropria­ payers of this country having a modest reading clerks. We formerly had two, tions Committee lies with the Commit­ Government to get along with they have but on account of the illness of one we tee on Expenditures. an over-burdening Government and it is created a temporary position of assist­ Since January 3 this year this Ho~e going to break the backs of .the taxpayers ant reading clerk. An amendment was has created 25 investigating -committees, of this country; they are not abie to offered raising the salaries of two read­ and the members of those investigating bear it. ing clerks from $5,000 to $7,000 and the committees have been traveling all over Mr. COCHRAN. I think the gentle­ other one from $3,500 to $5,000. In addi­ the world. man from Pennsylvania should agree tion, pursuant to the bill we passed last They have not been confining them­ with me because the Appropriations week, now, at the White House, there selves to the continental United States Committee ran roughshod over him as will be an addition to those salaries of but they have been traveling all over the well as they did over me, as he is a mem­ around $800 making two of the read­ world making investigations; a great ber of the Committee on• Accounts. ing clerks' salaries $7,800, and the other majority of them are investigating ~x­ When the bill reached the fioor, one $5,800 or $5,900. Two of the read­ penditures. The authority for that re­ amendments were offered from the floor. ing clerks have only been here 2 or 3 sulted from the Rules Committee bring­ I was greatly surprised to have several years. Prior to their appointment they ing in resolutions and the House pass­ Members I spoke to when I came back were not getting $3,000, yet you have ing them. I was opposed to all such tell me that a point of order would not raised their salaries until now they are special committees. lie against those amendments because of above two of the elective officials of this Now; I have something else I want to the rule. Anyone who knows anything House, the Doorkeeper and· Postmaster. talk about. It so happens that when I about the parlimentary procedure of the An amendment was offered on the was in the hospital a few weeks ago this House knows that a rule waiving points floor raising the salaries of the page·s, House passed the legislative appropria­ of order against items in a bill does not but nothing was done for the veterans tion bill. In that bill as it went to the apply to amendments offered from the on the doors who are working as doot­ President there were 14 items each and ·:floor; and if any Member of the House keepel·s and who, in many instances, every one of them normally subject to a had made a point of order against those have control over pages. The veterans point of order that were put in that ap­ amendments that were offered from the are married, some of them .disabled, but propriation bill without any authoriza- _ floor they would have been sustained. you did nothing for them. They. have a tion at all from the committee having Had I been here I would have made a right to complain and demand that jurisdiction, the Committee on Accounts. point of order against each one of thein something be done for them. In order to get one paragraph in that bill and when the bill was under considera­ There is only one individual at the considered, and that was the paragraph tion I also would have opposed the items desk who was recognized who is entitled that extended to the Members of the that were placed ·in the bill by the Ap­ to an increase in salary, and he was go­ House an expense account of $2,500, the propriations Committee that were pro­ ing to get it. The Accounts Committee Appropriations Committee went to the tected by tlle rule. An amendment to had already indicated it was willing to Rules Committee and secured a rule strike out would have been in order. No give him a raise. I refer to the assistant waiving points of order on that bill, not point of order was made; and to my as­ tally clerk. That man has been carrying · only waiving the point of order in refer­ tonishment the amendments even offered the whole load for over 2 years, due to ence to the $2,500, but also waiving all from the floor were passed. They were the sickness of the tally clerk. I regret points of order on the bill. That, how­ uncalled for, and the action has ruined to say word just reaches us the senior ever, would not have prevented me or the morale of the personnel of the House tally clerk, Hans Jurgensen, died this any other Member if he had desired from of Representatives. Since that bill morning, o~sing the increases in salaries and the passed have had hundreds of requests Last Saturday we had six roll calls. creation of new positions that the Ap­ from chairmen of committees and em­ There were three reading clerks calling propriations Committee had placed in ployees wanting to know why if the Con­ the roll, but you had only this man tally­ the bill. I always felt as chairman of gress should take care of certain indi­ ing the result. Out of all the roll calls the Accounts · Committee that I had a viduals they should not take care of the there was not one mistake, which proves distinct understanding with the chair­ others. man of the legislative Subcommittee his efficiency, and I feel he is entitled to ot The legislative riders on the legisla­ an increase in salary. the Appropriations Committee that no tive appropriation bill for the fiscal year legislation would go into that bill un­ In the old days when a man had to be less passed upon by the Committee on ending June 30, 1946, were the provision able to throw his voice from one corner granting an expense allowance of $2,500 of this hall to the other, we had to have Accounts. to each Member; an increase for two Hidden in that bill-I say hidden­ men as reading clerks that you could reading clerks and a tally clerk of $2,000 not pick up every day, but with this loud­ were items increasing salaries and cre­ each; an increase of $500 for the assist­ ating positions. For instance, the Ap­ speaker system, by which the attendant ant enrolling clerk; an incre:;~.se of $1,400 in the gallery Gan throw your voice from propriations Committee took pretty good for the assistant tally clerk; increasing care of itself. It increased some of the one end of this hall to the other, no mat­ salaries of the employees of the Appro­ the number of stenographers for the ter how low you speak, reading clerks priations Committee but it likewise struclt Committee on Appropriations from 4 are not hard to obtain. Formerly one • .out the figure "4" and inserted in lieu to 12; increasing the salary of the super­ had to take an examination, a test, to thereof the figure "12", which createq 8 intendent of the folding room $420; in­ get that job. All you have to be able to additional positions, thus adding 8 new creasing the salaries of two floor man­ do now to be a reading clerk is to be able stenographers. agers of telephones $300; increasing the to read the English language. If you Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, will the number of pages from 47 to 50, and in­ can do that, you can be a reading clerk gentleman yield? creasing the salaries of all pages from of this House. They do nothing at that Mr. COCHRAN. I yield. $4 to $5 per day; increasing the salary of desk other than what they are told to Mr. RICH. Have not the Congress and one minority employee $450; increasing do. It is the Parliamentarian who tells the administration been creating posi .. the salary of the legislative clerk to the them what to do. 1945 QONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6833 Mr. Chairman, as long as I am here to a point of order. I want to play fair tion,. and I was again assured by him every time an opportunity presents it­ with you. that there would be no necessity for the self, when an amendment is germane to Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, will the use of the $2,708,530 except as to a pos­ the legislation I am going to offer an gentleman yield? sible amount of $150,000 which might amendment to put those salaries back Mr. COCHRAN. I yield to the gentle­ be utilized in Puerto Rico and in con­ where they belong because it is absolutely man from Pennsylvania. nection with victory gardens. In order foolish to pay the sh.laries provided in the Mr. RICH. I would not agree to any­ to be sure there is no misunderstanding legislative bill. thing Hke that, because for 10 years you concerning this matter, I have secured I wanted to go over the personnel of have been duplicating all these things, under date of yesterday from Mr. Wilson the House of Representatives and con­ and that is what I want to get away a letter stating his position, which letter sider giving additional assistance to all from. I want to know who voted for I secured permission on yesterday from committees of the House needing it and this increase that you have been talking the House to insert in the RECORD at this paying our employees in keeping with the about. Where did you get the votes? point in connection with my remarks and raises that have been secured by Govern­ Mr. COCHRAN. The gentleman must which I shall insert in full: ment employees in the executive branch. have voted for it. I did not, because I UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT But I have not had the green light. I do was in the hospital. Further, the gen­ OF AGRICULTURE, not want to bring in a bill unless I know tleman is talking about something else. June 26, 1945. Hon. MALCOLM C. TARVER, t)lat the majority and minority are both Mr. RICH. I voted "no." Chairman, Subcommittee on Agriculture going to support it. I am waiting for Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, I yjeld Department, Committee on Appropria­ the report of the Monroney committee to 10 minutes to the gentleman from Geor­ tions, House of Representatives see what it recommends. · For instance gia [Mr. TARVER]. DEAR MR. TARVER: In response to your in­ you had most important legislation here Mr. TARVER. Mr. Chairman, there quiry regarding our telephone conversation tbe other day from the Banking and Cur­ is included in the pending bill a pro­ concerning the use of emergency War Food rency Committee. Important legislation moneys in relation to funds made available vision of four and one-half million dol­ under the Bankhead-Flannagan Act, I beg to has been coming out of that committee lars to make effective the authorization state the following: right along, yet the basic salary of the contained in the Bankhead-Flannagan 1. It has been my understanding that clerk of that committee is only $2,790. Act recently enacted by the Congress for the State directors of extension are anxiqus The clerk of that committee works 12 additional funds for the Extension Serv­ to get started on the basis of using the funds and 14 hours a day as do clerks of other ice. I supported the Bankhead-Flan­ available under the Bankhead-Flannagan Act major committees, while the employees nagan Act. I am one of those who is for the fiscal year 1946. We think this wise of this House on an average all the year policy. very deeply interested in the work of 2. Since we have had available $4,070,000 round do not work over 4 hours a day. the Extension Service, but I think it my during the current fiscal year for emergency You have any number of other commit­ duty to call the attention of the House War Food work, most State extension di­ tees whose clerks receive less than $3,500 to certain facts with relation to this rectors will make an adjustment whereby the basic salaries, I repeat what I said that appropriation as related to the appro­ regular money will be substituted for the whenever the opportunity comes, and an priation carried in the Agricultural Ap­ emergency money that has been received amendment will be germane to legisla­ propriation Act for 1946, for emergency during the current fiscal year. tion, I am going to try to undo part of 3. Additional personnel of a competent funds for the Extension Service, those character is difficult to secure. There are ap­ what was done here about 2 weeks ago. emergency funds having been appro­ proximately 1,500 county agents and exten­ Now here is a situation I call to your priated to the War Food Administra­ sion workers who are now in the armed forces. attention. I went before the Commit­ tion for transfer to the Extension Serv­ A considerable number of these are in the tee on Appropriations and told them ice. The amount of that appropriation upper age group, and we anticipate that about what happened in the Senate. was $2,708,530. It was not authorized many of them will be available during the The Senate raised the salaries of the po­ by law. It was not supported by a Budget coming year. 4. Some confusion has arisen out of the licemen on the Senate roll. There was recommendation. But as chairman of language in the Bankhead-Flannagan Act: no corresponding increase for the mem­ the Subcommittee on Agricultural Ap­ "The sums appropriated pursuant to this bers of the Capitol police on the House propriations1 I felt upon the basis of section shall be in addition to and not in roll. They are all working under the the evidence which had been submitted substitution for sums appropriated under same captain and under the same lieu­ before our subcommittee that that addi­ such act of May 8, 1914, as amended and sup­ tenants. They are working side by side tional provision for the Extension Serv­ plemented, or sums otherwise ,appropriated and doing the same work. So I called for agricultural extension work." Some of ice should be made and the subcom­ the State directors of extension and others my committee together and they gave mittee agreed. However, subsequent to have interpreted this to mean that the $4,- clearance for an authorization to be put the enactment of the Agricultural Ap­ 500,000 was in addition to the regular ap­ on this bill to equalize that salary. In all propriation Act of 1946, the Bankhead­ propriations and the funds made available it will amount to $12,500. I think it Flannagan Act was enacted proposing to the War Food Administrator to be allo­ should be done. I am going to offer the an additional authorization for the next cated by him. amendment. But I am going to advise fiscal year for this work of four and one­ We hope that the amount made available the House that it is subject to a point of half million dollars. It was, to my mind, to the War Food Administrator, to be used if a future emergency requires, to be allo­ order, and if any one wants to make the manifest that the Extension Service cated by him to the Extension Service for the point of order, make it. And I will fur­ would not require the additional four coming fiscal year will remain available, but ther advise the House that if any other and one-half million dollars and at the it is our judgment that only a very modest amendment is offered to this bill under same ti:rp.e utilize the $2,708,530 which sum will be needed unfess special conditions the heading of "House of Representa­ had been carried as an emergency mat­ arise that have not been considered thus tives" that is not authorized by law, I ter in the Agricultural Appropriation far. As we see it now, $150,000 of this emer­ am going to make a point of order Act for 1946. gency money will be needed. Under the against it. · I, therefore, took up the matter with Bankhead-Flannagan Act no money is avail­ I can bring .in a privileged resolution Mr. M. L. Wilson, head of the Extension able for Puerto Rico. We recommend allot­ equalizing the pay of the police and pay Service, who agreed with my conclusions ting Puerto Rico $60,000 of War. Food it out of the contingent fund of the in the matter and who said that he could emergency funds for the fiscal year 1946. House, but if I do you will have to have not, iii his judgment, effectively use in :rt is our judgment that $90,000 will be two separate pay rolls, two separate excess of $7,000,000 more money for the needed for special activities in connection with Victory gardens, War Food preserva­ bookkeeping accounts, and you will have Extension Service, although he did hope tion, and special postwar agricultural pro­ to give them two checks; one from the to be able to use effectively $4,500,000 grams by the Federal Extension Service in its Treasury and one out of the contingent authorized by the Bankhead-Flannagan cooperative work with the States and in spe­ fund of the House. The easiest way for Act. cial State actwities in this field. you to do it, after it has been authorized · Subsequently, when some controversy Sincerely, by the Committee on Accounts, is to put arose as to his position regarding the M. L. WILSON, it on· this bill. But I am telling you in subject matter, I had occasion to con­ Director of Extension Work. advance, if you want to make the point tact him again in order to be assured Mr. TARVER. You will observe from of order, you can make it. It is subject t,hat I had n

only $150,000 of this '$2,708,000 plus If time permits, I shall comment brie:f;ly on price control and rationing in Great provided in the Agricultural Appropria­ on three or four i_tems incl~de_d in the bill. Britain is something over $28,000,000. tion Act of 1946 will be needed. OFFICE OF PRICE ADMINISTRATION The committee has reduced the re­ I have placed the letter in the RECORD The Office of Price Administration, as quest $6,000,000, providing $12,500,000 for the purpose of placing before the you will note·, requests an appropriation above the current year appropriation. Congress at the time it enacts the pend­ of $180,500,000. ·That, on a comparable· You will find an increase in respect to ing bill this statement from the Direc­ basis, is about $18,500,000 more than the price control of 190 positions; with re­ tor of the Extension Service. I wish to Office of Price Administration had for spect to rationing of 228 positions; with state in this connection that our ·sub­ the current year, which was $10,000,000 respect to rent control of 815 positions; committee on Agricultural Appro-pria­ more tftan the appropriation for the pre­ and substantial increases in the enforce­ tions and the Congress in the passa'ge of ment division, in the local boards, and . ceding year. It represents an increase in the other obligations of the agency. the pending measure has the right to rely of over 5,000 man-years. It represents upon this statement and to believe that an increase of more than $5,800,000 in You will find that the request includes not more than $150,000 of these emer-· the other obligations of the agency. a staff of 14 for congressional corre­ gency funds carried in the Agricultural It contemplates paid workers to a total spondence; a staff of 7 for congressional Appropriation Act for 1946 will be used. of 67,897, and, in addition, volunteer and executive aids; some 417 economists, In my judgment, the matter ought to workers to a total of 205,000, or a total 819 attorneys, and some 15 special proj­ have been more definitely handled. The over-all force of 272,897 people. ects to be carried on by other agencies, emergency appropriation ought to have When you look at the offices that the some of them to my mind of questionable been canceled or at least all of it except request contemplates you find 1 office value. · the $150,000; or the pending appropria­ here in Washington, 9 regional offices, The report indicates that the agency tion ought to be reduced by an amount 93 dfstrlct offices, · 4 · territorial offices, has been engaged in such activities as equal to the amount not needed of the 283 area rent offices, 219 branch rent investigating postwar employment, tak­ emergency fund. But I believe that the offices, 437 rent stations, and 5,600 local ing a census to see how many people administrative people having charge of boards, a total of 6,646 offices. think rationing should be continued after this program will .carry out the state­ The enormous cost of this agency is the war, and various other Gallup polls, · ments which are made in the letter of emphasized by the fact that the record a list of which I insert at this point in Mi. Wilson and that its insertion in the indicates the administrative expenditure the RECORD: RECORD as indicative of the Department's position in the matter will be sufficient to Information department surveys, July 1, 1944, to May 10, 1945 assure no more of the $2,708,530 will be used than the $150,000 to which reference Survey subject matter Date Conducted by Cost is made in his letter. Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield 20 Survey of gasoline filling-station proprietors on·knowledge November 1944 N a tiona! Opinion Re- $301.83 of gasoline-supply situation and reasons for rationing of search Center, Denver minutes to the gentleman from Massa­ gasoline. · · and New York. chusetts [Mr. WIGGLESWORTH]. Survey of 1,800 grocers on extent and sources of information ••••. do ••••••••. National Opinion Re~ 3, 489.69 about OPA regulations with particular reference to tbe search Center (inter· Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Mr. Chair­ OPA trade bulletins. viewing). man, in my remarks with reference to (Bureau of Labor Statis- 1, 518.30 the war agencies appropriation bill I tics tabulation). Radio audience surveys to determine C:\."tent and character of ••••. do •••.••.•• Special Surveys Dh·ision: 606~32 called attention to the fact that the bill audiences for Bowles and district director broadcasts for Bureau of the Census. purpose of (a) evaluating these informational activities carrying $770,000,000 and was marked and (b) guiding preparation of scripts. _ up by the committee in 2 hours and 35 Consumers' compliance survey-3870, housewives-on February- Natjonal Opinion Re- 9, 773.00 minutes. It was marked up in the ab­ rationing, rent, and enforcement items designed to (a) March 1945. search Center, Denver check the effects of general and spccif.o informational, en- and New York. sence of printed hearings and in the ab­ forcement, and other programs operated in past 6-month sence of four majority members of the period, (b) provide an informed basis for similar programs ·' . in coming period. (c) provide a basis for evaluating various committee whose places were taken by operations in different localities and give a basis for im- two other members of the majority who proved internal organization and direction. Survey of gasoline filling-station proprietors on knowledge March 1945 •••. ••••• do •••..••••.••••••.••• _ J 600.00 had not heard a word of the evidence in of gasoline-supply situation and reasons for rationing of the hearings. gasoline. That record, Mr. Chairman, has been eclipsed in.connection with this bill which . J Estunated. ·carries not $700,000,000 but $5,534,000,000. You will find also an enormous infor­ both ·as to holding prices at legal ceilings This bill being marked up by the com­ mational set-up, 545 people, costing $2,- and fairly distributing available supplies of mittee in 1 hour and 30 minutes by the war-scarce commodities. clock. It was marked up in the absence 600,000, with a complete Editorial Divi­ A well-planned series of information pro­ of printed hearings and in the absence of sion and a complete Radio Division. grams, reaching all the people through all important material requested from two Mr. CURTIS. Will the gentleman available media, is of- vital importance in major agencies. The marking up began yield? _ getting understanding and compliance from Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. I yield . . the public. Such programs must be flexible, within 20 minutes after the conclusion of Mr. CURTIS. The gentleman is because of the changes that occur from time the hearings, despite the request of the to time in the Office of Price Administration's minority for a reasonable time to con­ speaking now of the Office of Price Ad­ ministration? programs ·and problems. sider the material. It was marked up sa The Department of Information is operated fast that four or five items were com­ Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. I am. . on the principle that factual material ex­ pletely overlooked, were not passed upon Mr. CURTlS. What does the gentle­ plaining the "why•• as well as the "how" by the committee, and were later in­ man mean by "informational force"? of the Office of Price Administration actions serted in the bill presumably by the What is the difference between that and should be the basis of ·its activities. a Government propaganda agency? This factual material is distributed through chairman of the committee after the the Office of Price Administration facilities committee had adjourned. Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Well; it is used for all kinds of publicity. I wish the in Washington and in the field, through Mr. Chairman, I do not think that this facilities of the Oftlce of War Information gentleman would look at pages 126 to and other cooperating agencies, through type of consideration is the type of con­ 129 of the hearings and read the list of ,. sideration desired by this House. I do groups and organizations, through the media the so-called informational activities dur­ made available by publishers, radio stations, not think it is the type of consideration ing the past fiscal year. I think it is the outdoor advertisers and others, and through to which the country is entitled. most expansive presentation of that kind the business organizations cooperating to This bill is the last appropriation bill I have ever seen presented to the Con­ carry out the Office of Price Administration of the year.· It carries not only $3,134,- gress by any agency of the Government. administrative programs in various fields. 000,000 in direct a-ppropriations, but Radio time and much of the space and I include the statement at this point in materials used are provided as public serv­ something over $2,400,000,000 in reap­ the RECORD. ices without charge to the Government. In propriations. The committee action re­ Public support, based on full information, other instances, the Department of Informa­ flects a cut of $17,400,000, or about one­ 1s necessary 1f the Oftlce of Price Admin is-. tion. provides printed material and services ._half of 1 :percent. tration is to carry out its progra~ of action, to utilize other ·facilities, sueh· as billboard 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE .6835 space which is contributed through the Office Administration radio programs, broadcast It Can Be Done. of War Information. over 500 stations. It Pays Dividends. Continuing programs have been carried Working with the Office of War Informa­ Your Job as a Price Panel Assistant. through the year on stabilization of prices tion, the Department of Information prepares Display material: Two billboard posters in various fields. Others have been added material for the Office of Price Administration have been prepared by the Department of In­ to meet new programs and new prol;Jlems; messages on network commercial programs, formation ·on Price Control. Through ar­ such as those in clothing and meat prices. which averaged from one hundred and fifty rangements with the Office of War Informa­ Rationing has been a continuing informa­ to two hundred million 11stener-impressions tion these posters. are displayed on billboards tion program in respect. to each of the ra­ per week during 1941. throughout the country, and also in railroaa tioned goods, with special efforts required 'rhe bimonthly 15-minute transcribed pro­ stations. to spread information about changes from gram, Hasten the Day, is planned by the De­ Oth~ .display material includes a kit of time to time. Information disseminated on partment of Information. This broadcast is five pieces for use by grocers in the grocer­ Office of Price Administration enforcement heard over more than half the radio stations consumer anti-inflation campaign. Another activities has been aimed at deterring poten­ in the country-time value estimated at $12,- such kit is now in preparation and will be tial violators. 000 weekly. distributed this month. The Department of Information has in­ Advertisements: In response to requests Publications: A limited number of leaflets creased emphasis on the dissemination of from a large number of merchants and local have been printed to meet the demand from information through local people in each trade groups throughout the country who community service. members, groups, clubs, community through volunteer workers in have -asked for an opportunity to sponsor labor unions, schools, merchants, chambers the war price and rationing boards, and has Government information in their advertising, of commerce, etc., for printed information provided fact sheets and other materials for more than 50 advertisements on price con­ concerning various phases of the price, rent, their use. trol and rationing have been furnished. and rationing program~. A list of the more A list of major information activities of Local sponsors, such as merchants, banks, important ones follows: the Department during the current fiscal gasoline dealers, chambers of commerce, etc., F8.cts You Should Know (a series on Office . year (July 1, 1944-June 30, 1945) follows: have used this material with good results for of Price Administration regulations): Rent, Press releases: To inform the public and the Office of Price Administration programs. Used Cars, Malt and Other Beverages, Ready the trade about Office of Price Administration • Six advertisements have been furnished for Made Farm Construction, Automotive Repair actions and explain its price, rationing, rent, use in the shopping newspapers, two for for­ Services. · and enforcement· activities, 2,030 press re­ eign press, and two for the Negro press. A Fact Sheet on Price Control is issued leases were written by the national office each month. staff and released to the press . through the All of these advertisements have been pub­ lished in newspapers at the sponsor's ex­ A Guide to Ceiling Prices on Used Goods~ Office of War Information in Washigton dur­ The Extent of Office of Price Administra­ ing the first 10 months of the fiscal year, pense. tion's Respons~bility in Wartime Programs July 1944 +hrough April 1945. Car cards: Through arrangements with the Office of War Information, many transit com­ Affecting the American Farmer. Farmers in These national offi~e press releases also panies furnish, free of charge, valuable ad­ the War. Farmers and the Fight Against were issued to the local press and to weekly Inflation. papers through the field information staff vertising space in which price control, rent control, and rationing messages are brought Other fact sheets as follows: of the Office of Price Admjnistration. The Facts About the Gasoline Black Market. national office staff also prepared several before the public. In the first 10 months of this fiscal year, the Department of Informa­ Facts About Sugar. hundred press releases specifically for local Facts About Petroleum. release through the field information staff. tion has prepared copy, lay-out, and art work for five car cards. Facts About Gasoline Rationing. In addition, each week a total of about Facts About Army Uses of Rationed Com- 7,000 individual trade associations, trade Posters: War plants, banks, office build­ ings, local organizations, stores, libraries, and modities. publications, and large corporations were Facts About Tires. reached directly with press releases proc­ others have agreed to carry messages on ra­ tioning and price control, through arrange­ Facts About Shoes. essed especially for them and with other Facts About Car Sharing. material prepared and distributed through ment with the Office of War Information. These messages, in poster form, are prepared Facts About Evictions. the Information Department. This trade­ In the Fight Against Inflation-Clothing press activity included weekly bulletins to by the Department of Information. In the first 10 months of this year the Department Retailers Play an Important Part. some 5,000 associations and publications in .Home Canning Sugar. the fields of food, clothing, textiles, and con­ has prepared copy, lay-out, and art work for 12 such .posters, others are in preparation, and · The Story of Wartime Rationing. sumer durables, plus about three mailing~ · -A People's Program; Rationing, Price each week to an average of 700 individual wm be completed before the end of the fiscal year. - Control, Rent Control. organizations in other fields. Hard Facts About Meat. Magazines: During the past year over 60 Motion-picture shorts: The Story with Two Hard Facts About Civilian Supplies of Ra­ magazines have been supplied with informa,. Endings, a film short on price control, was tioned Goods. tion, and assisted in the preparation of prepared at n

and show that the funds have been used rectly or indirectly as an aid to postwar Francisco Charter. I am thoroughly di~­ for other purposes. rehabilitation." illusioned about this whole veto proVI­ I sincerely hope, Mr. Chairman, that In that respect he follows out the man­ sion. I spent most of Sunday examin­ under President Truman this practice of date which this Congress gave to him in ing the charter to see whether I could the vast will be terminated. the administration of lend-lease. get any comfort or hope out of it. But Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yie~d Secondly, with respect to the termina- as you spell out its implications and you 20 minutes to the gentleman from Ilh.­ tion of lend-lease he said this: think of difficulties that will arise in the nois [Mr. DIRKSEN]. . It should be discontinued within a. very future, it becomes necessary, before a:ny Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Chairman, some short time, perhaps 30 days after the end of one of the big five powers can be m­ years ago a _rather distinguished ~tate~­ the Japanese war. vestigated with respect to any kind of a? aggressive or coercive method, that It man who had sought high· office m this Thus the future of lend-lease is pretty coun'try, made a remark which has ~er­ has to be voted by 7 of the 11 members well determined. T"ne final date for this of the Security Council, and then before sisted in my memory for a long time. kind of defense aid is coming closer. He said, speaking as a lawyer, there was any remedial action can be taken it is That of course will direct our attention to necessary for the representative of one an axiom in the law to the effect that policies of postwar credit in the future. you must always get your fee while _the of the big five powers to concur in any That is the thing about which I want to remedial action. tears are hot. It is excellent axwm speak particularly this afternoon. Ob­ and had it been practiced in the first in­ So that today while little nations, of viously, there are going to be. demands course, are brought under all the pro­ stance with respect to lend-lease, this upon this Government for credit from country and the world would have b~en visions of law and international law, the other countries in the postwar period. representatives of a large nation can infinitely better off. I voted against the When lend-lease is over exactly what lend-lease bill in 1941. If that situation . thwart any effort to move against that were to recur, I would, do in the light of line do we propose to pursue? That is nation, irrespective of how just and equi­ hindsight precisely what I did before. ·a matter, after all, for the Congress to table the cause might be. You have to Since that time, however, I think I have determine. read that in connection with the provi­ supported every appropriation for le?d­ We created an Export-Import Bank. sion in the San Francisco Conference lease. · They have done a superb Job. You will find reference to it in this bill 'on trusteeships. Fine, pious platitudes Lend-lease has done an excellent job. as well as to the administrative expenses are carried there, but tucked away down In my judgment, it has been in very for its operation. We should have more in the corner is a proviso, which in my capable hands in the person of Mr. Leo agencies such as the Export-Import considered judgment fairly nullifies most T. Crowley, the Administrator. It I:as Bank, which is one of the rather few anything that was recited before. You been referred to as a weapon of VIc­ agencies which has made a profit and will find it in chapter 12, article 80, of tory. I refer to it as being more than has sent a little money into the Treasury the charter. It says this: that. I regard it as the indispensable at one time and another for the relief Nothing in this chapter shall be construed ingredient in victory. One need only to of the genus homo known as the Ameri­ in or of itself to alter or in any manner mod­ have sojourned in this world to ascer­ can taxpayer. Export-Import Bank was u;y the rights whatsoever of any states or any tain how important lend-lease was in created in 1934. Since that time it has peoples. or the terms of existing international the scheme of things. committed about $1,250,000,000 and it instruments to which members may respec­ has disbursed roughly $500,000,000 for all tively be parties. ' I remember surveying the doc~s of ·Khorramshahr, along the Persian Gulf, sorts of enterprise~. A great many of Now, there is a familiar ring to that where the temperature right now is 150 those loans have been made to our neigh­ provision in the charter. It is not un­ degrees, which probably breaks down t?e bors in · South America. Others have like a good many of the delimiting pro­ mentality of a great many of our GI s; been made elsewhere; but the purpose of visions that have been offered to appro­ there you saw lend-lease materials and the Export-Import Bank was to facili­ priation bills on this floor year after supplies being taken from liberty vessels, tate and to make possible the export of year. It sets forth the beautiful objec~ placed in an engineer or supply dump, merchandise to those countries where tive and then says: and then subsequently loaded on a rail­ credit facilities were lacking. So it is Nothing herein contained shall be con­ road which was operated by American going to be important in the postwar strued to modify anything that is today GI's. It traveled over deser.t and moun­ period to get our share of the foreign under existing international instruments. trade of this world. But I want any in­ tains to transfer lend-lease equipment I want to relate all of this in a moment to the Russian border. I saw great trains strumentality of credit in the days to come to be tied to something more im­ to the theme that I started out to pursue, and trucks wending their way across the namely, postwar credit when lease-lend desert taking the product of the genius portant. I do not want it to fail as the objective of lend-lease has failed in tp.at is done. of American production and American Only in proportion as this discussion labor, and the diligence and toil of respect, and that is the same object for which young men are fighting and dying is related to the subject matter that is American agriculture in order that one before us will it have any real value. of our allies might not only stay in the today in all corners of the earth. I hope that we can put a tag upon our credit The provisions of the charter relating to conflict ·but bring victory the sooner. trusteeships for non-self-governing areas As I saw the "jeeps going to London, instrumentalities in the postwar period to make inexorably certain that there in the world plus the veto power must be Paris, and Italy, as I saw great quantities is going to be no mqre frustration in the examined. Let me illustrate what I ·of material amassed along the coast of hearts and the souls of the soldiers who mean. I saw some folks in the diplo­ north Africa and Egypt, as I saw other come back and in the hearts and souls matic gallery this morning. I do not matP.rials and supplies and equipment on and minds of the people who stay home know whence they came. The costume the Levantine coast, where difficulties as to whether or not we are going to was familiar. They looked to me like have already arisen between a people un­ achieve this elusive ideal of freedom for Jebel Druses who had come from Syria­ der mandate and those who exercise the which almost 400,000 GI's and junior and for all I know perhaps they had-in mandate, I saw then what lend-lease officers have already died. that rather characteristic costume. I meant when they spoke of it as a weapon saw some of them who were serVing as In that respect what we do with ref­ members of Congress in Syria and in of victory. But lend-lease is soon to erence to postwar credit is going to be come to an end. Pray God it could come Lebanon. Elected from the western as important and perhaps more impor­ reaches of those countries they were to an end today. But it will not come to tant than what is emanating from the an end until the day when V J is w:fitten taking their place there to deliberate San Francisco Conference at the present legislation for their own country. When in the sky. But it will come to an end, time. I recognize that the charter of I saw them this morning I thought also and the administrator of lend-lease has San Francisco represents an intense of the difficulty that is evidenced right assured the committee that he will carry human hope on the part of hundreds of now on the Levantine coast at the end out the mandate of the law. millions of people scattered in every cor­ of the Mediterranean Sea. Here are two I think for the refreshment of the Con­ ner of the earth. But let us not forget small countries, Syria and Lebanon, with gress and the country I want to read Mr. that it is only the first step. Let us not perhaps four and one-half million peo­ Crowley's language as it appears in the make the mistake of believing it is more ples altogether, mostly businessmen, peo­ hearings. First he gave us an assurance than the first step. I find disillusion­ ple of character, people of capacity, peo­ "tha~ lend-lease was not to be used di- ment al)out some provisions in the San ple of business not unlike our own people. "1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6839 I In the First \Vorld War they fought on own beloved commander, was carrying are going to take inventory when they the side of .the Allies. They were given on the business of that command. can compare notes, when they get baclt a solemn assurance that in so doing they There was a ·little girl along the road­ . to the old homestead with their families. would have their independence at the end side selling cocoanuts, but she knew They will ask, What have we been fight- of the war. When that day came they enough to recite the "four freedoms" and . ing for? Then,·if they lift their eyes and marched themselves to London for a the provision for self-determination in begin to understand that freedom is not keeping of the covenant and there they the Atlantic Charter. I talked with the an accomplished fact after a little of the were told by high authority that the humble proprietor of a butcher shop in fever has gone out of the world, there covenant could not be kept because con­ Ankara, Turkey, and humble as he was, comes frustration and then look out once ditions were different now; and so for an­ lacking Uteracy as he did, he could still more for isolationism to rise · in every other 25 years they were placed under a talk about freedom and self-determina- section of the country. Do not make any mandate. They are among the people -'tion in the Atlantic Charter. I talked mistake about that. . who are referred to now in this whole to GI's in every section of the world. So, Mr. Chairman, I want to raise my trusteeship provision of the San Fran­ When I asked them what they were voice here today on this issue, even cisco Charter and they come under that fighting for they rather sheepishly though it may provoke some comment, provision which says: · scratched their heads and said, "Well, even though it may provoke a challenge; Nothing herein contained shall be con­ I think.I'm fighting for freedom and for because it will not be too long before the strued to modify relationships under exist­ the 'four freedoms.' " whole question of postwar credit, in ad­ ing international agreements. Yes, we made it very plain when the dition to Bretton Woods, in addition to You can readily understand why they disunity in the thinking of our country the International Bank, in addition to have been killing people over in Syria resolved itself at Pearl Harbor, that this the International Fund, and those other and in Lebanon in recent weeks. I talked was a crusade for freedom. The "four instrumentalities, will come before us for to their President. I had lunch witll freedoms" gradually became a lively discussion. .t\lready it has been urged him. I h ad a cocktail with the President phrase. It is the thing that sustained upon us that the Johnson Act must be of the Chamber of Deputies. I sat in and stimulated them in those anxious repealed, and I favor that, just like I am hours when they were in the fox holes in for the San Francisco charter, but I will a garden party with members of their not blink at the realities of the situation Cabinet. I know how they think, and all corners of the earth. The novelty of a machine gun or a 75-millimeter field and seek to hide my head in the sand I know that under that kind of proviso where I cannot see the great moving that freezes the lack of freedom of small piece, or a 105-millimeter howitzer wears off pretty quickly. There has got to be resurgent force that is operating in the pe-oples in the world you can talk until world today with which we must contend doomsday about security and about some spiritual force to sustain them in those anxious· hours. So they found it, because it is the thing for which the peace but the ferment of freedom is young men of America and the young. going to be there. in the fact that they were crusaders in the cause of freedom. But already the men of other nations have so freely died. And so we go back then to lend-lease ugly head of aggression begins to lift its We get bacl{ then to the question of and we go back to· the statement made head in other sections of the world and postwar credit when lend-lease runs out. by a great American that the' thing to you wonder what is going to happen to Do we as a country, do we as a Congress, do always "is to get your fee while the freedom. We know now that lend-lease propose to permit a single American dol­ tears are hot." VIe failed to do that in as an instrument did not have the tag lar of credit to be used for the purpose 1941. It is too late now with respect on it when it was passed here in March of aggression, the same type of aggres­ to lend-lease; it is going to run out 1941, whereby we could make certain sion for which young Americans have pretty soon. But there looms before us, that this thing called freedom would be died on foreign battlefields? however, the responsibility of postwar preserved. Why, Mr. Chairman, in my Do we propose to permit the use of a credit and whether or not there will be judgment, it is the greatest issue in the single American dollar to freeze a situa­ attached thereto the same provision that world today. Make no mistake about tion of that kind, the very kind of aggres­ will prevent frustration on the part of that. The ferment is there. sion, as it were, for which American GI's youngsters scattered to all the four quar­ I can remember talking to the leaders have died? If so, then my friends let us ters of the world who are engaged in the in India. I had tea with them one af­ prepare for frustration of a mass variety cause of freedom. I sat on the balcony ternoon in the patio of the Indian Con­ and let us conclude that so many of those with a cabinet minister of Egypt over­ gress. They were not conteRt or sat­ youngsters that we find in all corners of looking the old Nile and for hours we isfied, at least, but grateful for the con­ the earth may have some doubt about the discussed the history of his country and cessions that had been made over a crusade in which they were engag·ed, be­ the future, and then at long .last he period of years. But when all is said and cause then one cannot say that freedom said: "The whole story is very simple, done the ferment of freedom among in truth and in fact has become an ac­ we surrepdered half of our freedom in 500,000,000 people in that oriental coun­ complished fact in the corners of the 1936 under a treaty that we might pre­ try is still at work and nothing short of earth. You read your newspapers criti­ serve the other half." .And if you want freedom will bring possible serenity and cally today and you see the selfish reach­ to know what he meant you need only contentment. ing out now for advantages here and go through Alexandria, you need only You may say that of Bulgaria and there. How imperative it becomes upon walk through the streets of Cairo and Rumania today. You can say that of us in connection with this whole question count the soldiers from various nations Iran and Iraq; you can say it of Tunis, of postwar credit to make sure that it and from certain nations in particular Algiers, and Morocco. 'Wherever there shall be an instrumentality for freedom, and then you will understand what this is a mandate today that is frozen, there even as lend-lease has been an indis­ former cabinet minister, who was a is going to be-no peace and there is going pensable weapon for victory. I leave memt:>er of the cabinet when the Nazis to be no security unless it comes by force that thought with you because it is a were moving along north Africa meant. from the top down. How much better matter that we, who have been entrusted They want their own soldiers to patrol and how much more durable it would be with the power of the purse, must meet, the Suez Canal; they want something to if it came from the bottom up. that responsibility in the postwar say about their own country, and yet That, in my judgment, is the issue in perioq. L-et me reiterate once more so here is an existing international instru­ the world today. I try not to be a super­ that there can be no misunderstanding ment that cannot be disturbed under idealist, but I do not propose to be about my position. I favor the San article 80 of the treaty or under the laughed off in this matter by some of Francisco Charter. I only regret that it charter. And so I recite to you here these suppreme realists who thin!~ that did not go _further and I only regret that and now that that is the· sort of thing after all you must stymie freedom in this provisions were not written into it that that disillusions me a great deal because world, because then you will have to find I was led to believe long ago that what the answer to this question of why 400,000 would nail down the very thing for which we were engaged in even then was a GI's are already sleeping in the sod and so many GI's have died and for which the crusade for freedom. I remember going another 800,000 are on the casualty list, -economy of the whole world has been so up the hilltop from the port of Colombo either as missing or wounded or in some sadily dislocated. But if we fail in this to Kandy in Ceylon where Lord Mont­ other status. . crusade for freedom now, it will remain batten was. the.supreme commander and They are going to ask questions one then for another generation to wipe out where Lieutenant General Wheeler, our 'Ciay when they come back home. l'hey the derelictions of this generation.

' li840 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE JUNE 27 Mr. BALDWIN of New York; Mr. a modest number of people who were as- done. And again I ask: What of this . Chairman, will the gentleman yield? sured their independence after the last business of freedom? Mr. DIRKSEN. I yield to the gentle­ war, and the Covenant was not kept. I add this one parenthetical thought man from New York. They have been recognized by this coun- · because I try to be realistic and because Mr. BALDWIN of New York. Mr. try, but their freedom -today is not an I believe I can see what is ahead. It is Chairman; I want to compliment the accomplished fact. They are under one one of the reasons why I marched my-· gentleman for I am not in disagreement of these existing instrumentalities under self over to the Committee on Postwar with much that he has said. . which they have been frozen in a man- · Military Policy and there made a state­ But I think it is important for all of dated status by the provisions of the . · ment in behalf of compulsory military us to understand one thing. I ask the charter. · .training in the hope that in the days that gentleman now whether under the Van­ Mr. BALDWIN of New York. I do not lie ahead for whatever eventualities may denberg ~tmendment the machinery for think, Mr. Chairman, they have been develop, this country may be ready in a improvinll the charter does not exist? frozen in that condition and I would be world that has not yet lost its fever. I have not finished reading it, but as I willing to give some odds that in a com- But, Mr. Chairman, this discussion understand it, that is true. paratively short time both Syria. and should really end where it began. It be­ Mr. DIRKSEN. Yes; it is quite true Lebanon will have complete freedom. gan with lend-lease and its ultimate ter­ that machinery for improvement exists, There is not a canal involved but there · niination. It sought to spell out the but as I examine the amendment and are raw materials involved; and religious problem of postwar credits after lend­ the clauses in the charter, we are con­ questions involved which can stir this lease comes to and end, and it seeks only fronted with the practical question of country to its depths, as the gentleman to make the point that it will be a mock­ securing those improvements only over himself has pointed out. We want to ery of the holy dead who died for free­ a long period of time, and it is within see this thing properly settled, and I dom if American dollars or dollars erect­ that period of time when the world is so claim UJ:'!der the charter it can be settled. its are permitted to frustrate the very feverish that the deviltry is going to be Mr. DIRKSEN. Let us examine thaf thing for which they died. contrived and the damage is going to be position. I said at the outset, when you Once more I commend Mr. Crowley done. consider for instance 'the circumstances. and his staff for an excellent job in ad­ Mr. BALDWIN of New York. Is it not of these nongoverning peoples, .you must . ministering lend-lease and in making a a fact that the world is not quite ready consider it also in the light of the veto constant and diligent endeavor to ad­ for some of the things that we are talk­ power. Who are the five who compose minister it in accord with the intent of ing about? I submit, for instance, that the security council -today? They are Congress. Russia, Great Britain, the United States, I think very few Americans would be THE SAN FRANCISCO CHARTER willing to give the people of Panama China, and France. Who has the man­ complete freedom, which would involve date over Syria today? France has the Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, I yield our turning over to them the Panania mandate. Suppose France votes in the 10 minutes to the gentleman from Arkan­ Canal, and the same thing could be said Security Council that there shall be no sas [Mr. HAYS). · for the Suez Canal in Egypt. These remedy. This thing that was done in Mr. HAYS. Mr. Chairman, I have things have got to be worked out over a · San Francisco says unless F:rance does been inspired, as always, by · the words period of years. r am speaking now as concur no action can be taken by the of our friend from Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN], an American looking at the picture real­ Security Council. There is the freeze. who speaks w1th clarity and eloquence istically. There freedom lies in the lap of an out­ , and with a great store of information. Mr. DIRKSEN. Well, let us examine side power and the charter keeps it It is not my purpose to question his that for a moment. Nearly 17 months there. observations regarding independence and ago this country recognized the inde- Mr. BALDWIN of New York. Oh, Mr. self -determination, but I hope he will . pendence of Syria and Lebanon. I was Chairman, France has recognized the. in­ agree with me that it would be well for advised of that fact when I was in Da­ dependence of Syria and Lebanon. She the emphasis to be placed not upon any mascus and also in Beyrouth. But not­ also wants to protect her rights to go . disappointing features of the San Fran­ withstanding that fact the armies of through their territory. That is some­ . cisco Conference, but upon the great two outside powers are in that country thing that can be easily solved without achievements which have undoubtedly today, and since they are under one of the charter. · · resulted from that meeting. these existing international agreements Mr. D1'RKSEN. It cannot be solved This was ·a political .conference, and placed in chapter XII, I ask my friend, easily under the ·charter. It begins to political conferences, according to his- the gentleman from New York, what is appear it is not going to be solved. If . tory, have never been entirely successful. going to be done in a situation of that one critically reads the statements on the Even the Convention which framed the kind in the light of the limiting proviso front pages toda:y, Britain and France Constitution under which we operate in the charter? are already at odds over this dispute in and under which we have enjoyed such Mr. BALDWIN of New York. My own the Middle East. But France, like the · blessings was fraught with great dissen­ opinion is that under the power granted rest of the big powers, can resist every sion. I am not sure of the exact lan­ in the charter the independence of Syria effort to remedy the matter because she guage, but I recall that in substance no and Lebanon will be recognized and will . can exercise her veto power after the less a patriot than Patrick Henry said be made effective. But the fact remains charter becomes effective. What we of the instrument produced by that Con- if American troops protecting the Pan- witnessed in San Francisco with refer­ . vention: . ama Canal had any question, we will say, ence to the cleavage between the big I regard it as the most iniquitous plan with troops of a neighboring state who powers and the little powers was noth­ ever devised by the mind of man whereby entered the Canal, I am sure we would ing more than the reaching up of little the freedom of a ·people can be destroyed. take some action. powers for freedom which has been so So if my distinguished colleague has Mr. DIRKSEN. Just leave out the ·long denied them. I am not too hopeful this feeling of disappointment and if he Panama Canal. about modifying the charter at an early concludes that the greater weight in this Mr. BALDWIN of New York. I cannot date. The big powers have, in fact, -a leave it out. kind of vested interest against modifica- · delicate issue between power and ideals Mr. DIRKSEN. Let us consider, for · tion. It may not be 1 ar 2 or 3 years be- · has been upon the side of power, cannot instance, two countries that are poten­ fore you can get people in and get them · he be consoled by the fact of our own tial trouble spots in this modern world to amend this thing. If it is not done, history that the fears which Patrick because of geography and resources­ not only will these situations be frozen Henry and his contemporaries enter­ countries where people are already being but there will be other situations added · tained were removed and that we came killed, where French soldiers are already to them which are already beginning to to realize the greatest liberties that men being slaughtered, and where, as the re­ engross the attention of the people of have enjoyed on this earth. sult of that difficulty, a.remonstrance has · this country, and have already come into ' We recognize two competing forces, the already been filed at San Francisco be- · public print. So what other conclusion quest for power, and the innate desire for . fore the treaty was even signed. I ask can one reach in a very realistic world freedom. The · drive for power, if . un­ my friend what he would do about a dif­ than the fact that a world condition has checked and if unrestrained, leads, as a ficulty of that kind, because there is no been frozen by the charter and it will wise man said, to absolute power, and canal involved? There is involved only be a long time perhaps before it is un- "absolute power corrupts absolutely." 1945 ~CONGRESSIONAL .RECbRD-· HOUSE 6841 Against that is the desire-for freedom ·lative ·policies. Then on the basis of ex­ given of the subject. The problem that and self -determination. But the desire perience, we wrote certain restraints, ·faces the country today is a speedy and ·for freedom, unrestrained, leads to li'­ certain new instructions for administra­ expeditious pricing of few items coming cense, chaos, and anarchy. So, after all, tive officials, but we are· agreed that in under reconversion. If we deny is not the eternal fight of democracy fundamentally the weaknesses in this them sufficient funds for this purpose to find a balance between those two com­ program have been administrative weak­ then the Congress must accept responsi- peting forces, the one for power and the ­ nesses. In view of that we want to equip 'bility for any administrative failure. other for freedom? I am coming around the administrative officers to do the job They cannot do it unless they have to the point, Mr. Chairman, that, in my and then we are going to hold them to enough money to do that which we ex­ judgment, the San Francisco Conference ·a strict accounting. pect them to-do. has come just about as close to that Consequently I had hoped that the re­ Mr. HAYS. Would not the gentleman delicate balance between the two forces quest of the Budget Bureau for OPA -agree with me that it would be better as it is possible for imperfect man to would be approved by the Appropriation's for us to err on the side of giving them come. Committee, but the figure was reduced a little too much rather than on the side I should hope that the gentleman, in ·by $6,000,000, so that the bill as it now of withholding from them the money spite of his disappointment, would agree .stands carries an appropriation for OPA they might desperately need for hasten­ that yesterday was a notable day, a tre-. of $11,000,000 less than for the current ing reconversion steps? mendously important day in the long year and $6,000,000 less than the budget Mr. MONRONEY. I might add that history of man's upward climb toward request. over a week's period of time a black fi~dom. · Mr. TABER. Will the gentleman market of 10 cents a pound on potatoes The world is going to be organized. yield? would more than offset practically this It will be organized by people who be­ Mr. HAYS. I yield. full amount. lieve as we do, in freedom, or by those · Mr. TABER. When you come to fig­ Mr. HAYS. I thank the gentleman. who believe in aggression and power for ure this overtime business and every­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the power's sake. So we, as one of the great thing else, it is away above the current gentleman from Arkansas has expired. powers, must accept our share of respon­ year, probably $12,000,000. Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, I yield sibility. It is surely a grave time for us.; Mr. HAYS. May I say to the gen­ 10 minutes to the gentleman from Idaho ·it is a time to accept responsibilities in tleman from New York, that surely with [Mr. WHITE]. world relationships that America has the new responsibilities in connection Mr. WHITE. Mr. Chairman, I am never had before, but to accept them with with the enforcement--for we have said a little doubtful whether I should speak great hope and with the assurance that in no uncertain terms, individually and concerning the difficulties I have had in we are going to be equal to those respon­ collectively, that we expect a more vig­ getting facts in connection with the bill sibilities. orous program of enforcement by the before us, or to devote my time to I wanted to say this, not· in the way of OPA, and in the light of the second ne­ analysis of lend-lease. If there is any­ ·violent disagreement, because as a mat­ cessity, of a program that will make re­ thing the need of which a Congressman ter of ·sentiment I feel strongly with the conversion more expeditious, every dol­ feels more than anything else, it is gentleman from Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN] lar of this requested amount is needed. statistical information or help to get that ideals are important, and when the I would be interested in hearing the gen­ statistical information. so-called practical men, the realists, tleman comment on. that. Yesterday we passed the War Depart­ speak of the necessity for employing Mr. TABER. I spoke of that a little ment bill appropriating $38,000,000.000. force to preserve or freeze the status quo, ·while ago and pointed out where they We have a deficiency bill before us at the then the idealists, who in the long run were wasting money that they should present time appropriating several bil­ are the more practical, are entitled to use for proper operation. lions more, and I do not believe there is be heard. Certainly America's sym­ Mr. HAYS. I am not sure, if I may a Member of the House who has had an pathy will always be with those who want say so to the gentleman from New York, opportunity with the help at his com­ self-determination and who are deter;. ·that they can possibly do the job with mand to do the necessary research to mined to have it. My hope is that in the reduced amount, because business­ obtain factual information concerning the arrangements authorized by the San men who are interested in reconversion the items in the bill and make any com­ Francisco Charter there will be a grad­ and who must have approved price parison with the record and dig out the ual admission of the small nations and schedules f.or new products are entitled facts so that we can vote intelligently peoples aspiring to independence to a to expeditious action. I have been as on this bill. I am going to talk to you greater share in determining world pol­ critical as any Member of the House on about a few facts that I have been able icy, and that the element of universality specific situations. I think, no matter to dig out concerning our lease-lend will be as characteristic of world gov­ who is responsible, these long delays are transactions. ernment as the element of stability very unfortunate. If there was ever a time that this which is the more immediate aim. Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair­ country has been a big brother to the I appreciate the indulgence of the man, will the gentleman yield? British Empire it has certainly been House in this observation upon the very Mr. HAYS. I yield. demonstrated by the things in this bill Interesting remarks of the gentleman Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Have we and other appropriations we have passed from Illinois. any assurance that the amendments the in our dealings with the British. One APPROPRIATION FOR OPA House put in the bill will stay in the of the things I am i~terested in in this Now, very briefly in the closing minutes •bill? bill is the item on page 40, line 9, read­ I have, may I speak of the purpose I had Mr. HAYS. I think we can be reason­ ing as follows: in mind when I asked for this time to ably sure they will remain in the bili Vessels. ships, boats. and other water craft, discuss one feature of the bill under in substance. 1nc1uding the hire and temporary use there­ consideration. I believe, Mr. Chairman, Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. If that be of, and equipage, supplies, materials, spare that the House improved the bill for an the situation we can transfer some of the parts, and acc~ssories, $666,912,000. extension of price control, although_ I activities of OPA to Agriculture and in This brings to mind the fact that when supported only two of the amendments. that respect they would probably need British boats pass through the Panama I believe that we will all generally ap­ less money. Canal they go through toll free. It prove of the conferees' report. I am Mr. HAYS. But they will need more brings to mind the further fact that satisfied that they anticipated from the money made available to them in the when American boats want to go through outset that there would be no irrecon­ matter of pricing our new production the Suez Canal to prosecute the war they cilable differences between the two bodies and other services. must pay the full tolls. We are reliably when the results were compared. Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. Chairman, will informed that when our boats carrying We have decided one thing, and we the gentleman yield? British munitions or British troops go have decided it over and over again, that Mr. HAYS. I yield. through the Suez Canal Uncle Sam must fundamentally and primarily the prob­ Mr. MONRONEY. I want to compli­ pay the toll. I am wondering why we lem of OPA is an administrative prob­ ment the gentleman from Arkansas on cannot deal with our allies in a rational lem. Congress first laid out broad legis- the very constructive analysis he has and businesslike manner in handlini . XCI-431 '6842 ~CONGRESSIONAU RECORD--HOUSE lend-lease transactions. This bill car­ I want to bring another fact to the at­ The problem of freedom is a continu­ ries an over-all appropriation for lend­ tention of the Members who are talking ing problem. The problem of liberty is lease of $1,975,000,000. We are told that about the money situation. The British a problem of eternal vigilance. We can­ with the authorized use and reappro­ have reduced the silver in the rupee of not buy freedom by dollars. We cannot priation of unexpended balances it India to 500 fine. Theo British some 2 buy freedom by defense aid alone. It amounts to $4,375,ooo;ooo. years ago withdrew from legal tender is going to call for continuous study and I wonder how many of us realized when the pure silver rupee, which is 925 fine, devotion to the problems of day-to-day we passed the Silver Purchase Act back and put in its place a rupee of 500 fine, government in the world in the days to in 1934 that we were creating the means a half-alloy coin which in effect results come. So whatever we may hope may of building up a British war chest? I in a blocked currency for India, because be the general result of the war, we can:­ wonder how many know what is being when India comes to this country to pur­ not escape being realistic about such done with silver under this lend-lease ar­ chase from our exporters we value their matters as defense aid. rangement? We are reliably informed money on a bullion basis. That results When . the gentleman from Kansas, from the Treasury that we have fur­ in their. purchasing power being cut in whom I see over there, goes back to his nished the British under lend-lease for half. Everything that we are doing for people this summer, they may want to coinage purposes 300,000,000 ounces of our ally ·seems to be adverse to the good, know . how· much of this defense aid of silver. The British have coined- this sound business principles of our own . $4,400,000,000, approximately, is going to silver into money that is worth from country. I feel that this 300,000,000 foreign countries in the form of agricul:.. $1.60 in India and $2 an ounce in Aus­ of silver that we have lent the British will tural products. The gentleman from tralia and in the British Empire. By this be returned and will be thrown on the New York, who confronts a meat short­ silver transaction we are financing the bullion market to break: down the price age in his city, may be called upon to· British with an additional half a bi'llion of silver and destroy the purchasing_of explain why this bill provides for sending dollars of lend-lease that has been fur­ our oriental customers just as the 200,- meat and fish to a great many countries nished to the British Government in the 000,000 ounces_ware thrown on the mar­ of the world in the amount approxi­ form of silver without any expense to the ket after the last war to break down the mately 10 percent of the entire four British whatever; and if. the gentleman. price of silver and destroy the purchas­ billion four hundred million fund in the from New York is right that none of this ing power of our Asiatic customers. This bill. lend-lease material is to be returned, or in turn had a serious effect on prices in The total agricultural products car­ paid. for, then we are making the British this country and was largely responsible ried in. this bill, such as dairy products a present nat counted in these appro­ for the depression that we went through and eggs, meat, fish, fruits, and vegeta­ priations of over half a billion dollars. in the 30's. bles, grain and cereal products, sugar, Mr. TABER. If the gentleman will The CHAIRMAN. The time of the lard, fats, and oils, vitamins, and other yield, it is way beyond that. gentleman from Idaho has expired. foodstuffs amount to over one-third of Mr. WHITE. I am talking about the Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield 10 the $4,400,000,000 defense aid carried· in item of silver alone. minutes to the gentleman from South the bill. Machine tools, agricultural ma­ Mr. TABER. Yes. Dakota [Mr. CASE]. chinery, road-building equipment, elec­ Mr. WHITE. That is not calculated Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. trical equipment, railroad equipment, or brought out in the testimony or in Chairman, seldom has an appropriation other machinery, and items of that char­ other calculations that are before the bill been considered by the House that acter amount to more than one-tenth House. carries such large sums of money and af­ of the $4,400,000,000. Phosphates, pe­ We have lent the British under the fects so many different items which Mem­ troleum, coal, textiles, chemicals~ min­ lend-lease program 300,000,000 ounces of bers of the House will be called upon to eral products; and timber products silver for coinage purposes, .which they explain to thetr constituents, where so amount to over one-fourth of the $4.,400,- have coined into money, with a purchas­ much time has been spent in general 000,000 carried for defense aid _in this bill. ing power of around $2 an ounce. If debate with so little on the items in the I think I can say that the committee that is not a gift of over half a billion bill, itself. Yesterday afternoon we wit­ was impressed by the intent and in­ dollars I would like to know what it is. nessed the spectacle of mo.st of the time tegrity of men like Mr. Crowley who ap­ Mr. Chairman, I said that we have been being devoted to the discussion of an item peared before us, but when it is remem­ a big brother to the British Empire. that was not in the bill. I refer to the bered that this $4,400,000,000 worth of While we have shut down our gold mines discussion of the FEPC. Tqday a great material is going to be distributed to and put our gold-mining business out of deal of discussion has been relative to such countries as the Soviet Republic, business, the British and the South other appropriation bills, legislative or the United Kingdom colonies, Australia, African Purchasing Commissions have otherwise, and to other subjects rather New Zealand, India, China, France, Bel­ been permitted to come into this coun­ than items in this bill. gium, Norway, the Netherlands, Saudi try and buy materials and ~upplies to Mr. Chairman, this is a general defi­ Arabia, and the Middle East, many of operate their gold mines, while the gold ciency bill and carries items for a great your people will want to know what those mines of South Africa have been running many activities, including an appropria­ people are doing in the war. For in­ full force and to full capacity without tion for two particular activities concern:. stance, what is Saudi Arabia -doing in rationing. The British are operating ing which every Member will be called the war against Japan? What is Norway their mines in Canada at full capacity upon to understand and explain when he doing in the war against Japan? What while our mines are shut down. makes a report to his people. I refer to lis Belgium doing in the war against Ja~ What is the reason that our adminis­ the item in here of approximately $175,- pan?. I hope those .of you who are in­ tration offi.cials cannot deal with this 000,000 for the Offi.ce of Price Administra­ terested in wanting to attempt to an':" lend-lease thing in a businesslike man­ tion and the item in here for defen·se aid swer those questions will read the hear­ ner? or lend-lease, which is approximately ings as they appear at page 700 and I would like to recite a little history. $4,400,000,000. ' following. Silver has always proved a valuable war - The defense-aid item consists of $1,- Mr. JENNINGS. Mr. Chairman, will metal, one that has been• of stabilizing 975JOOO,OOO in new money ap.d the balance the gentleman yield? influence in time of war and stress. In in appropriation or whatever new money Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I yield the last war when the British credit was may be necessary to make up a reappro­ to the gentleman from Tennessee. about to collapse in India, they found a priation of approximately $2',400,000,000. Mr. JENNINGS. What could tl'~ey do silver horde in the United ·States and The discussions by the gentleman from to help this country in the war against came over here and bought 200,000,000 Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN] anci the gentle:.. Japan except to send some soldiers and ounces, which was sent to India to bolster man from Arkansas [Mr. HAYS] on the let them get out on the firing line where the British credit. We sold that silver charter and the question of freedom as it is dirty and dangerous?.· .of course, to the British-for $1 an ounce. There related to defense aid, were very inter­ they will .always be hungry. They have was a law passed by the Congress later esting. I want to venture the observa­ an insatiable appetite, and they can eat that the silver would be repurchased tion, however, that the greatest disap­ not only what we are sen_ding them but and redeposited in the Treasury at $1 an pointment is going to come to the peoples perhaps what others send in addition. _ ounce from domestic sources. It was of the world if they are led to believe Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I said orie of the most invigorating influences th·at freedom can be assured by writing a during the hearings that I thought a in our prosperity ·of that period. char~er and then forgetting the thing. better case had been made for relief than 1945 ' . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD'-· HOUSE 6843 was made for defense aid. I asked Mr. amount of food to be distributed and the trying to do. It reduces the respect of all Cox, the chief counsel, about the limita .. actual amount will be distributed through peoples for distributive trades who are doing ration points, as an example, let us take the a tremendous task in supplying peoples w~th tions upon the allotments of these sup~ red ration points for meats and fats and fish their daily food and clothing needs. plies. Mr. Cox replied_:and I read from and cheese: ' It is breaking down the morale of mer­ the hearings, page 721: Each person is allocated, and has been chants-honest merchants-all over the Na­ That in the first place the President has since the first of this year, 50 points a month, tion. They are asking themselves: "Why to make a finding that a. particular coun­ a total of 600 for the year, out of which each ~hould I try to work under this burden of try's defense is vital to the defense of the family is supposed to purchase the items unjust and constant accusation of dishonesty United ~tates; second·, a finding has to be noted. pn this· basis each person would re­ and dispatriotism, trying to make a very ) made by Mr. Crowley, who has the powers ceive about: meager living, while others work in war delegated to him by the President, that the ' Points plants, make a better living, and a constant particular supply is a defense article within 10 pounds of butter at 24 points ______240 pat on the back for their patriotic work. Am the meaning of the Lend-I:.ease Act and is 6 pounds of fats at 12 points______72 I, too, not doing a patriotic job iri trying to 8 288 furnished to a country whose defense is vital 36¥2 pounds of meat (average points)_ comply with these masses of regulation~! to the defense of the United States. . · This equals 600 points and the year's al­ guess I'll quit." With respect to some of these food lotment-but daily we read that we are not A letter from your office should not n ame being treated so bad-we are supposed to individual merchants as they may then be items I raised the question which the get: persecuted by those offices, and under con­ gentleman from Tennessee has just Points . stant surveillance. You know what and how raised. The reply was that there is a 10 pounds of butter at 24 points ______240 to do the job. great deal of social unrest in some of 28 pounds of fats at 12 points ______336 Sincerely, 120 pounds of meat at 8 points ______960 these countries, and that if we do not ART SVENDBY. keep them quiet it will complicate our Fish? Canned milk? Cheese?______? Here we have actual total of 1,536 plus. Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 problems in fighting against Japan. minutes to the gentleman from Ohio I Difference:· Short 936 points. wish there was more time remaining Mathematically it just won't check with [Mr. VoRYsJ. for g_eneral debate than there is. I am what a person is supposed to receive and what going to drop the subject of defense aid Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, he is able to obtain with his ration book. we are all inspired by the return of the and turn to the Office of P.rice Admin­ Of course, I know it wlil be stated that istration for the time remaining to me. restaurants and industrial agencies will proc­ delegates from the United Nations Con­ Personally, I think the Office of Price ess foods and that the individual will obtain ference in San Francisco today. I was Administration is getting more money the remainder of his ration in that manner. at the national airport to greet them as That may be true of a -person who has· no they return-ed to the Capital. Their in this bill than it will be able to spend home and eats at restaurants-or a person wisely or effectively. It is my personal work is on a high plane of broad prin­ who eats out twice daily. It will not add up ciples in planning for~ peace. We have a feeling that instead of askinc the OPA when considering the folks who live at home to put on more agents we should tell them for three meals daily-or the wife and chil­ workaday job before us here in the House to drop~ some of their activities and sim­ dren who live and eat at ho_me, nor the farmer of making peace work; it is involved in piify their regulations, thereby reducing and small-town folks who seldom if ever eat this bill, in the lend-lease appropriations. their work load. out, .and who process their own food-bake This Congress wrote in an amendment their own bread and pastries, and generally to the lend-lease extension law this My mil.il is getting heavier and heavier process all their foods at home, purchasing with instances of picayunish persecution the raw ingredients. spring which provided tha,t lend-lease by the OPA of people who have no op­ I'd personally like to hear the answer to was not to be used for postwar relief, portunity to know some minor or minute that one, and I mean a logical answer that rehabilitation, or reconstruction, but regulation of the OPA which they are will fit our people. • • ·• As I have writ- · provided machinery for the transition­ charged with having violated. ten you preViously, we must have price con­ period from war to peace. President Here is a letter which came to me trol, but it must be managed with discretion Truman,. then Vice President, voted on which says: - and a bit of common sense. that amendment, as it was a tie vote, One of our citizens came in the other day I close by offering a most pertinent signed the bill as Vice President, and and asked about 5-year bonds. He said ·he letter written by one of our most re­ signed it as President. A group of us wanted to buy $5,000 worth. But the next spected merchants to the South Dakota were very much interested as to what day he attended a·local trial by the OPA and Retail Merchants Association. The let~ he intended to do post-VE-day as to then he came baclt to the bond committee ter follows: lend-lease under the new law and wrote and said, "Forget it. I am through buying APRIL 14, 1945. bonds if citizens are going to be bullied by the the President a letter. This is part of SOUTH DAKOTA RETAIL MERCHANTS' his answer: · OPA with money that might be pald out of AsSOCIATION, the bon

Quantity, year ended Dec. 31- Value, year ended Dec. 31- Commodity exported 1941- Mar. 11, 1943 1944 Mar. 11, 1941- 421 42 1943 1944

Meats, fresh and pickled (pounds): ~ Lend-lease exports. __ ------_____ ; ______------193, 79Q, OOQ 724, 215, 000 822, 895, 000 $39, 595, 000 $152, 579, 000 $210, 746, 000 Total exports .. __ ------: 247, 206, 000 745,933,000 849, 331, 000 41,675,000 156, 554, 000 214, 819, 000 Pork, cured (pounds): a Lend-lease exports. ______•• ______------______• ______395, ~9,000 258, 823, 000 202, 023, 000 84,417, 000 65,651,000 lil, 239,000 Total exports _____ ------417, 115,000 262, 612, 000 206, 299, 000 89,298,000 66,778,000 52,389,000 Meats, canned (pounds): ' . Lend-lease ·exports ______-----______. ___ . ___ ... __ . ______------. 842, 159, 000 1, 012, 347, 000 591, 922, 000 295, 199, 000 380, 359, 000 228, 205, 000 Total exports .. _.------851, 035, 000 1, 015, 037, 000 594, 880, 000 138, 135, 000 382,097,000 229, 653, 000 Other meats (pounds): • · · 16,863,000 21,444,000 73, ·329, 000 '3, 861,000 5, 864,000 27,936,000 ¥~~~i~e:;;~r~~~~~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~= ~ 27,413,000 22,060,000 75, 359, 000 6, 277,000 6, 078,000 28,466,000 Lard, including neutral (pounds) : Lend-lease exports. _____ ... ___ ._ . _. ___ ._. __ .-.. _---.------_ .. ---- 815, 635, 000 664, 258, 000 700, 242, 000 101, 998, 000 110, 228, 000 120, 880, 000 Total exports ___ ._------991, 634, 000 736, 357, 000 858, 387, 000 121, 523, 000 121, 083, 000 143, 821, 000 Oleomargarine (pounds): · Lend-lease exports. __ ------____ ---.------•• ----.------.. --_----- 28,732,000 96,886,000 77,451,000 3, 972,000 15,933,000 14,414,000 Total exports .. __------31,339,000 • {)7, 719, 000 79,010,000 4, 336,000 16,080,000 14,708,000 Other animal oils (pounds): e Lend-lease exports .. _------. ___ -.--.----.--.---.. --.---_ .. _ 15,298,000 34,818,000 5,069,000 1, 942, 000 4, 631, 000 7cYl,o6o Total exports. ___ ------; ______-: _! _____ ------56,971,000 70,579,000 43,486,000 .. 6, 725,000 - 8,065, 000 4, 913,000 Condensed and evaporated milk (pounds): Lend-lease exports ____ ------815, 866, 000 467, 789, 000 558, 258, 000 67, 034, 000 54,923, 000 67,05\,000 Total exports ______------1, 014, 877, 000 574,028,000 593, 083, 000 86,790,000 57,052,000 71,729,000 Dried mHk, including infants' foods (pounds): Lend-lease exports. ______------____ .. ------_-.•. ------.---. 168, 557, 000 259, 013, 000 223, 611, 000 22, 124,000 38,510,000 43,834,000 Total exports ______---_----______------... --.• -.---.. _ ~02, 278, 000 272, 1'!79, 000 :.:44, 876, 000 32,910,000 44,468,000 52,810,000 Butter '(pounds): L'end-lease exports ______------______----.. ------.. -----.. ----- 13,347,000 99, 182,000 ~6, 690,000 5, 196, 000 41,847,000 47,885,000 Total exports ______-----______.. _.• ___ . __ _...... ----_ .. ------_ 17,647,000 !l9, 634,000 87, 5§8, 000 6, 855,000 42,072,000 48,317,000 Cheese (pounds): Lend-lease exports ______• ______387, 333, 000 156, 289, 000 295,087,000 93,059,000 41,849,000 89,172,000 Total exports ______------______396, 217,000 157, 743, 000 296, 914, 000 95,354,000 42,399,000 89,818,000 Eggs, dried, etc. (pounds): 1 Lend-lease exports. __ ___ ------______------____ .. __ . ______232, 427, 000 232, 004, 000 243, 102, 000 197, 057, 000 267, 167, 000 299, 430, 000 Total exports ______... ______. ____ -- ___ -- __ ----.. ----. __ • ______235, 124, 000 234,017, 000 244, 933, 000 199, 547, 000 269, 480, 000 301, 574,000 Rice, milled (pounds): Lend-lease exports ______• ___ . __ ._--______--_--.--- __ --_._. 31,928,000 220, 226, 000 65,650,000 1, 799,000 13, 998,000 4, 644,000 Total exports ______.• ·-·------___ ------654, 871, 000 540, 159, 000 454, 684, 000 34, 470,000 36,561,000 32,582,000 Wheat flour (barrels): Lend-lease exports. ______------2, 116,000 3, 124,000 3, 192,000 5, 775, 000 18,965, 000 23,612,000 Total exports ______._. __ ._ .. : ..... _. _. __ ._ .. ______8, 967,000 6, 758,000 8, 507, 000 39,989,000 39,644,000 liS, 902,000 WhPat, grain (bushels): Lend-lease exports ______·------1, 076,000 499,000 967,000 1, 038,000 1. 450,000 1,850,000 Total exports·------17,625,000 11,841,000 10,381,000 16,365,000 16, 196,000 16, 898, 000 ' 1 Total exports include the period Apr. 1, 1~i, to Dec. 31, 1942.- . t Includes beef, veal, mutton, lamb, and pork, fresh and pickled. (In 1941-42, total e:!..-ports included 18,000 pounds of horse meat.) a Includes bacon, hams, shoulders, Cumberland and Wiltshire sides. 'Includes beef, pork, sausage, chicken, and other canned meats. 6 Includes poultry and game, fresh, sausage, not canned, tongues, kidneys, livers, sausage ingredients, and other meats, fresh, frozen, pickled, or cured. c Includes also oil, oleo stock, oleo stearin, tallow, neat's-foot oil, fish oils, grease stearin, stearin acid, oleic acid or ned oil, and other animal oils, fats, and greases. 7 Includes eggs, dried, frozen, or otherwise prepared; except albumen. 1945. CONGRESSIONAL; RECORD-HOUSE 6845 Expot·ts (domestic) of major food products from the United States under lend-lease as compared with total exports of food products, . Mar. 11, 1914-IJec. 31, 194~ (prelivz.inary)-Continued · -

Quantity, year ended Dec. 31- Value, year ~nded Dec. 31- Commodity exported Mar. 11, 1941- Mar. 11, 1941- 42 - 1943 1944 1943 1944 -.. 42 . Corn, grain (bushels): Lend-lease exports._. __ • __ ------••• ------_------____ ------_ 10,846,000 1, 124,000 852,000 $9,875,000 $1; 153, 000 $1,338,000 Total exports .•... ------~----•------Zl, 831,000 5, 133,000 10,231,000 24,772,000 6, 157,000 Biscuits and crackers (pounds): 14,565,000 TotalLend-lease exports exports ______••• ------______6, 840,000 43,538,000 6, 439,000 750,000 5, 519,000 1, 091, 0()() 15,530,000 47,215,000 13,854,000 2, 599, '000 6, 265,000 Other. prepared grai:qjpods (pounds): s 3, 079,000 Lend-lease exports._.------65,928, 000 113, 873, 000 123, 532, 000 2, 564,000 5, 361, 000 6, 077,000 . Total exports._ ••• ------: 133, 841, 000 146,426,000 171,918, 000 7, 147,000 7, 912,000 Beans and peas, dried (pounds): 10,366, 0?0 - · TotalLend-lease exports exports ______.• _------·------.______. ______•• ----______• ______------______313, 147, 000 441, 553, 000 359, 465, 000 16,203,000 25.261,000 24.821,000 419, 994, 000 470,853, 000 394, 838, 000 22,060,000 27,290,000 Vegetables and juices, canned (pounds): • 27,713,000 Lend-lease e:A.1Jorts. ______----- __ ------______• ______167, 006, 000 Total exports ______------______-----______: ______------______136, 475, 000 258, 135, 000 9, 371,000 8,964, 000 25,393,000 349, 422, 000 150, 084, 000 273, 078, 000 23, 125,000 1~. 114,000 27,266,000 Vegetables, dehydrated (pounds): e Lend-lease exports. _____ ------•• ______------______29,025,000 54,600,000 ...... 9, 451,000 23,216,000 Total exports ______------___ -----______~ ______------· ______------30, 875.~00 55,564,000 ...... ______... __ 10,049,000 23,818,000 Soya flour 8 (pounds): Lend-lease exports •••• ------___ • ______.______------___ ------'£otal exp·orts ______•• ------______: _____ ----- __ ------__ 73,873,000 53,969,000 ------...... -- 3, 522,000 2, 712.000 74,407,000 56,615,000 3, 550,000 2, 839,000 Fruits, dried and evaporated (pounds): ------Lend-lease exports. ____ ------______------_------______Total exports ______------______-----______404, 132, 000 292, 484, 000 292, 631. 000 25,918,000 27,819,000 '-19, 975,000 550, 562, 000 337, 209, 000 513, '277. 000 36,604,000 32,592,000 60,743,000 Fruits, canned including pulp (pounds): Lend-lease exports. ___ • __ . ______---- __ .••• ______T{)tal exports ______------______-----____ .-----._. ____ _ 69,994,000 72,785,000 110, 290, 000 6, 806,000 7, 733,000 13,258,000 104,929, 000 80,020,000 US, 087, 000 9, 939,000 8, 652,000 14,266,000 Fruit juices (gallons): Lend-lease exports •• ------_____ • __ .------_____ ------._ 1, 310,000 4, 814,000 4, 057, coo 3, 530,000 13,537,000 16,762, 000 T.o.tal exports ••••• ___ ------___ ------______-----. __ • _____ . _____ ----- 9, 35~ 000 7, 209,000 !1,020, 000 7, 431,000 15, Z13, 000 21,167,000 Expressed oils (pounds) ;to . . . Lend-lease exports .• __ ------88, 308, 000 409, 273, 000 380, 468, 000 12,200,000 61,939,000 57, 169, ()()() Total exports. •. ---·------~------":. -- · 213; 176,000 460, 764, '000 416,976, uoo 25,662,000 69,296,000 63,479,000 Cornstarch and corn flour (pounds): , Lend-lease exports ______. __ •• __ ------•. ---__. ______--- 305, 385, 000 176, l64, 000 104,490,000 10,302,000 7, 393,000 6, 399,000 Total exports _____ ------.------.••• ------.---•. ------387,975, 000 182, 266, 000 120,914,000 13,165,000 7, 687,000 7,167,000 Sugar, refined (pounds): Lend-lease exports •• _. __ ••• ------___ -----.------.------.------. 211, 665, 000 11 1. 144, 923, 000 501, 628, 000 10,116,000 50,750,000 29,160, 000 Total exports _____ ..• ---.------_. __ ••• ------•• --•• -· •••• --•• ------.-.--- 393, 831, 000 II 1, 180, 933, 000 538, 678, 000 16,903, 000 5.2, 233,000 30,789,000 Cann~q fish (pounds, n<;magricultural): • . Lend-lease exports _____ .------•• -----.• -·.----••• ------•••• ----- 255, 224, 000 228, 963, 000 95,291,000 35,458,000 41,711,000 28,757,000 Total exports. __ .• ------.------___ ••• _____ .•••• __ ---·-••• ----.•• ------333, 401, 000 235, 890, 000 107, 952, 000 43,678,000 42, 6.77, 000 30,726,000 Soybeans (pounds): Lend-lease exports •• ------:. ____ ••••..... ---~ •••••. --•.• ------.------32,325,000 71,755,000 10,370,000 1, 412,000 2, 975,000 587,000 Total expcnts ..... -~------39,213,000 79,731,000 30, OZl, 000 1, 6~6. 000 3, 251,000 1, 307,000 Total above food products: . Lend-lease exports ... ------·------11 068, 571, 000 1, 487, 051, 000 !, 518, 320, 000 Total ~xports .•.•. _. ___ ------.------_. _------• ------••• ----_ ..• --.---.• ---.. ------1, 155, 070, 000 1, 609, 605, 000 1, 700, 689, 000 Total other fobd products:u Lend-lease exports. __ .-----=------~ ------40,481,000 37, 241,000 37,085,000 Total exports _____ .__~--.------.• ------.. ------_ ------300, 918, QOO 89,694,000 161), 280, 000 Total food products: · Lend-lease exports .•• ---.• ------1, 109, 052, 000 1, 524, 292, 000 1, 555, 405, ()()() 'l'otal exports ______.• ------.---•• ------.------.----.• -- ~------.------.------• ---.--_-.---_-- 1, 455, 988, 000 1, 699, 299, 000 1, 869, 969, 000

s Includes oatmeal, groats, and rolled oats, hominy and corn grits, corn cereal foods ready to eat, macaroni, spaghetti and noodles, wheat cereal foods, ready to eat and to be cooked, wheat semolina, and other cereal foods. 9 Not separately classified prior to Jan. 1, 1943. 10 Includes edible and inedible oils. 11 Includes 400,000,000 pounds of raw sugar exported from the port of Puerto Rico to the United Kingdom. 12 Other food products include items not listed separately, such as fresh fruits, other grains and vegetables, nuts, moJasse~. etc. Compiled from official records, Foreign Eco­ nomic Administration a.nd Bureau of the Census. Total exports of food products were released for publication VE-day. Data on lend-lease exports by commodity remain confidential and may not be publisbep without prior clearance by the Foreign Economic Administration. Before any hasty conclusions are Value of United States exports and imports 1 In order to make the data comparable for all years drawn from these tables it should be of total agricultural products, 1920-44- figures for agricultural products during 1935 and 1936 as Continued published by the Department of Commerce have been pointed out that other factors should be adjusted to exclude trade of alcoholic beverages, candy, taken into consideration. One of these Imports of agricultural prod- moss, and dogs for breeding and to include trade of live is the general agricultural imports and ducts a silver foxes. · Exports 2 Exports of- United States merchandise. exports as shown in the testimony of Mr. of agri- William Clayton before the Ways and "Supple- 3 General imports through 1933; imports for consump· Year cultural Total "Comple- tion thereafter. Means Committee, shown on page 187 of prod- agricul- mentary" mentary'~ the hearings on H. R. 2652. The table in­ ucts tural agricul- agricul- • Includes a11 agricultural commodities more or !ess imports tural tural similar to those produced commercially in the United serted by Mr. Clayton follows: imports imports States and all others that aro interchwgeable in use to ------any significant extent with those produced commercially Value of United States exports and imports 1924______in tbe United States. These agricultural products are 1925______2,110 1, 911 984 927 of total agricultural products, 1920-44 1 2,136 2,340 1,001 1,J39 imported because of deficient domestic supplies, special 1926____ ----- ~ 1,817 2, 416 973 1,443 Quality or usc, diff('rences in marketing seasons, or other IMiJlions of dollars] 19Z7 ______1,885 2, 221 996 1, 225 1928 ______economic considerations. Many of tbem are subject to 1929 ______1,863 - 2,100 955 1,145 high import cluties. Imports of agricultural prod­ 1, 693 2, 218 l, 017 1,201 1930 ______1, 201 1, 469 701 768 a Includes all others (compare footnote 4). About 95 · ducts a 1931______percent of the imports in t.his category consists of rubber, 1932 ______821 1,008 447 561 662 668 296 372 ·coffee, raw silk, cacao beans, carpet wool, bananas, tea, !f~~ts 1~---~-----~------1933.______Year cultural "Supple- "Comple- 1934 ______694 732 365 367 and spices. · 733 413 prod- Total mentary" D1entary" 821 408 6 Preliminary. ucts 2 agricul- agricu1- agricul- l93L••••• --- 747 1,072 589 483 1936 ______1, 242 tural tural tural 1937 ______709 695 547 Source: Compiled from records of the Department of imports imports ! imports a 1938 ______797 1, 579 868 711 · Agriculture. · 1939 ______828 956 477 479 -----·------1940 ______655 ' 1,H8 526 592 3,443 3,249 2,157 1,092 5i7 1, 285 543 742 I include at this point·a letter from the 19201921__.• ~------______1941______669 1, 668 785 883 2,114 . I, 319 735 584 1942 ______general counsel together with a con­ 1,884 1,179 1, Z74 820 45-4 1922.------1923.______1, 607 834 773 I, 820 2,028 1, 094 934 .1943 a__ ------2,073 1, 513 1, Q59 454 1944 G•••••••• 2,089 1, 818 1,229 689 ·densed statement on lend-lease and re­ Footnotes at end of table. verse lend-lease: / 6846 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 27 Lend-lease food exports compared with food - FOREIGN ECONOMIC ADMINISTRATION, siderable adjustment and canmJt be deemed Washington, D. C., June 26, 1945. accurate. f'eceived under reverse lend-lease, cumu­ Hon. REID F. MURRAY, As I indicated to you in my earlier letter lative f1·om beginning of program to Jan. 1, House of Representatives, of June 20 and as Mr. Howard has said in 1945 Washington, D. C. his conversations with you, we feel that the DEAR MR. MURRAY: Your request to have the less detailed but more up-to-date and reli­ [Thousands of pounds] Foreign Economic Administration release the able data we fur~ished you will be more help­ confidential document in your possession, en­ ful in presenting the facts on lend-lease food titled "Exports (Domestic) of Major Food shipments. Foods received Products fro~ the United States Under Lend­ I trust that you will find the information Lend-lease under Lease as Compared With Total Exports of useful. If there is anything further I can exports reverse - Food Products-From March 11, 1941, do to be of assistance to you in this matter, lend-lease Through December 31, 1944," has been re­ please do not hesitate to call upon me at - ferred to me by Mr. Crowley. any time. It is my understanding that you wish to Meat and fish~------5, 209,802 691,942 ·s _incerely yours, Dairy products ______2, 991~ 225 383,640 use these figures in connection with a pro­ ALFRED E. DAVIDSON, Fruits and vegetables.------1, 979,052 1, 164,412 posed speech on the floor of. the House and General Counsel. Sugar _____ ------2 477,430 561,912 in connection with current debate on food Grain and cereal products ____ _ 1, 777,642 564,659 questions. Although the Foreign Economic One must not only take the total im­ Administration has no objection to your use ports of fopd in consideration but also ' t Including total lend-lease deliveries oi beef and veal of this information, we wish to.point out that ·keep in mind the reverse lend'-lease and during the period of 281,000,000 pounds. Beef and veal the figures are not our own and, in addition, received.during the same period from Australia and New are designated as "preliminar.y," as you will purchases of food by the Army and N:avy Zealand alone under reverse lend-lease totaled 252,102,000 observe in the upper right hand corner of . iri'other coiintries: · · pounds. · each page. This' means that, while the fig­ · The general imports are also shown in - 2 Exports !rom continental United States only. Does not include lend-lease shipments made from Caribbean ures may be useful as approximations of what the ·following table· from the Office of · area and South America . has been exported, they are subject to con- Foreign Agricultural Relations:. Imports• (for consum'Ption) of major food products into the United States as compared wi·th total imports of food products, 1941-44 (p7·eliminary)

Quantity, yea~ ended Dec. 31~ Value, year end_ed Dec;. 31- Commodity imported Unit 194,1 1942 - 1943. 1944 1941 1942 1943 1944

EUPPLEMENT.!RY 1

Cattle (dutiable> ------Number ____ _ 733,000 653,000 615,000 341;000 $21, 458, 000 $22, 943, 000 U8,687,000 $15, 848,·QOO Butter __ ------____ ------Pounds __.___ _ 3, 7;!4, 000 20, 081,000 3, 264,000 1, 731,000 737; 000 3, 21i0, 000 782,000 404,000 Casein or lactarine_ ------Pounds ____ _ 41,518,000 Hi, 819, 000 28,426,000 47,225,000 3,802, 000 3, 5oo; ooo - 2,867JOOO 4, 561.000 Cheese ______------Pounds ____ _ 20,013,000 24,217,000 25,200,000 9, 045,000 3,899,000 4, 577,000 4, 389, 000 1, 863,000 Honey------Pounds ____ _ 3, 337, 000 20,041),000 36,654,000 23,633,000 83,000 1, 221,000 2, 979,000 2,163,000 Beer, canned, including corned.·----- Pounds ____ _ 104,334,000 91,557,000 105, 540, 000 87,220,000 . 13, 154, 000 14, 152,000 18,643,000 15, 245,000 Other meats------Pounds ____ _ 58,376,000 35,615,000 • 25, 277, poo 35,488,000 6, 293,000 5,068,000 -5,474,000 8, 949,000 Sausage casings ______Pounds ____ _ 22,004,000 18,097,000 14,537,000 16,854,000 5,8!)7,000 6,640, 000 7,826, 000 7, 662,000 Tallow, edible and inedible ______Pounds ____ _ 34,381,000 77.356,000 40,741,000 76,310,000 1, 13~, 000 4, 283,000 2,804,000 5, 478,000 Fruits and preparations (excludes (3) (3) (3) (3) 13,406,000 10,804, 000 -20,102, 000 24,038,000 1 898,000 6, 387,000 44,607,000 42,113,000 520,000 4, 276,000 31,366,000 39,008,000 6, 021,000 9, 528,000 76,784,000 80,554,000 2, 251,000 4, 026,000 39,790,000 59,690,000 ~:g~t:r~~~~-======~Wheat, including flour.'------~_____~~~~ do -___~-===~___ =_ 15,826,000 9, 861,000 58,760,000 136, 226, 000 10,957,000 7,146, 000 65,877,000 181, 263, ()()() Qther grains.and preparations ______------(3) (3) (3) (3) . 6, 999,000 1, 938,000 6, 973,000 20,265,000 (3) (3) (3) (3) 54,961,000 32,840,000 37,835,000 44,848,000 3, 738,000 2,007, 000 3, 361,000 3,863,000 153, 364, 000 108, 487, 000 186, 905, 000 212, 237, 000 412, 885, 000 222, 288, 000 152, 970, 000 307, 550, 000 23,903, {)()() 30,411,000 27,067, 000 59,025,000 _Turnips~i~~s~~~~·=~;~;;;;~;======and rutabagas______-~~~f~J~~~~=Pound ______132, 156, 000 145, 171, 000 197, 306, 000 157, 527, 000 1, 179,000 1,-468,000 3,014,000 2,072,000 132, 230, 000 129, 913, 000 174,438,000 187,565,000 3, 485,000 3,895, 000 7, 235,000 12,772,000 326, 084, 000 81,830,000 50,284,000 48,403,000 7, 737,000 2, 776,000 2, 507,000 2, 503,000 ~~~~~~~~~~~======Potatoes, certified seeq ______=====~~======do ______44,693,000 46,203,000 63,389,000 116, 484, 000 549,000 857,000 1,434, 000 2, 739,000 Beans, peas, and chickpeas, dried. •. _____ do ______27,340,000 28,964,000 124, 026, 000 70,357,000 1,118, 000 1, 264,000 4,866,000 2, 760,000 Other vegetables and preparations.------(3) (3) (3) (3) 5, 565,000 3,806,000 13,189,000 14,351,000 Nuts and preparations ______------(3) (3) (3) (i) 18,797,000 8, 142, 000 5, 644,000 22.794,000 Wines.------Gallon ______1, 660,000 1, 024,000 4, 186,000 8,173, 000 4, 081,000 2, 556,000 9, 433,000 19,204,000 · Fish 6------Pound ______305,87.5,000 277, 111, 000 324. 056, 000 339, 374, 000 28,040,000 28,953,000 43,536,000 53, 311,000 Salt 6 ____ ------30,864,000 15,507,000 2, 515,000 ~1. 107,000 59,000 29.000 13,000 32,000 Total above food products 393, 426, 000 319. 308,000 571, 237. 000 835, 085, 000 (supplementary). I

COMPLEMEN-TARY I

Cacao· beans and shells thcreaL..... Pound_----- 692,922,000 239, 651,000 574, 642,000 682, 308,000 39,086,000 ' 18, 534, 000 39.237,000 46,067,000 Coffee (except into Pue1to Rico) ______do______2, 254, 6.82, 000 1, 714, 655,000 2, 198, 177,000 2, 606, 683, 000 177, 385, 000 205, 3621 000 273,·348, 000 325, 980, 000 Tea.------__ ___do______107,081,000 49, 573,000 89,089,000 90,244,000 29, 160, 000 18, 343,000 28,834,000 30,274,000 Bananas._------Bunch______51, 662,000 27, 199, 000 24, 729,000 31, 686, 000 29,725,000 16, 181.000 15,397,000 21, 049,000 Spices.------Pound._____ 144,811,000 46,807,000 19, 777,000 27, 520, 000 11,470,000 12, 120,000 8, 936,000 11,340,000 Total above-(complementary)_ ------______------__ _----~------292, 826, 000 270, 540, 000 365, 752, 000 434, 710, 000 Other food products o______------13, 759,000 11,532,000 23,926,000 27,206,000

Total all food products ______------~ ------1=-_=_=__=_= __ =_= __ = _=__ =_ =il======700, 011, 000 l:;:======~1, 380,000 l======960, 915, 000 l======1, 297, 001, 000

1 In the classification of agricultural imports into supplementary and complementary ' Includes wheat for milling in bond and export. groups, all those similar to agricultural commodities. produced commercially in the 5 Nonagricultural'food. United Stat~s and all others that are ·interchangeable in u,se to any signitlcant extent o "Other food products" include items not listed separately such as live poultry, with such United States commodities are considered supplementary. Complementary maple sirup, confectionery, etc. .. include all others. 2 See complementary group. • Source: Office of Foreign Agricultural Relations. Compiled from official records, a Value only. Bureau of the Census. · When the domestic production of food not for the best interests of the war we have not feel the people of the United products, agricultural imports, direct ·effort. States in pounds, bushels, or tons. - food purchases by the Army and Navy It _appears that- Third. When the imports are figured and reverse lend-lease are all taken into First. The imports of foods, reverse on the point of origin, and when the ex­ consideration, the amounts-of food ship­ lend-lease foods, the direct purchases of ports are figured on declared value, one ped through lend-lease can be fairly and food by the Army and Navy exceed our can see that the dollar imports and-ex­ properly ·appraised. · · food exports, and this includes the lend· ports do not give the true or factual Let us all be sure to get all of the· facts lease exports. picture. .about the over-all war food problem be· Second. The facts appear to be that in- · ·Fourth. A glance at table 4 indicates fore we make any sta~ru:nents that a~e stead o;f boasting about feeding the.world~ the point I am_making. You will note 1945 CONGRESSIONA:L RECORD--HOUSE '6847 that in 1942, 20,000,000 pounds of but­ one pound of butter, 13 ounces of Pabst peas, 5 ounces dried eggs, 3 7'2 -ounce choco­ ter were imported, costing and tabulated cheese, and four cakes of soap. late bar, 1 cake of soap. at 16 to 25 cents per pound. Table 1 Now I have been under the impression, No. F-7, $6.98: 1 pound butter, 1 pound shows that in the same years we ex- · Mr. Chairman, that these things which rice, 13 ounces Pabst-Ett cheese, 2 pounds of ported from eighty-seven to ninety-nine French roast coffee, 7-ounce chocolate bar, I have enumerated are really scarce, and 5 ounces dried eggs, 14 ounces farina, 1 pound millions of pounds at a declared value that the available supply is strictly·lim­ honey, 4 cakes of soap. of about 41 cents per pound. In other ited. I know that in my home we fre­ · No. F-8, $7.73: 1 pound of sugar, 2 pounds words, for $1, 6 pounds of butter were quently go without butter ai_ld sugar, and of French roast coffee, 12 ounces luncheon imported but only 2% pounds of the in a recent release the OPA has indicated meat, 4 ounces tea, one-half pound instant -same butter could be exported. that the supply of canning sugar for cocoa, 7-ounce chocolate bar, 2 pac_kages Fifth. In table 3 we see two billions in home use will be cut even further. For bouillon cubes, 4 cakes of soap, 6 pa1rs of exports and one billion eight hundred a long time our people have had great men's hose or 3 pairs of women's hose, 1 sew­ thousand in agricultural imports. This tng kit, 10 razor blades or bobby pins. difficulty in obtai~ing either Pabst Gheese Orders in any quantity will be filled for is in dollars. However, it is evident that or luncheon meat at the corner store. corporations, organizations, clubs. . using these same figures, no doubt more I have also observed that a good portion One package per person each week is per­ pounds, bushels, and tons of agricultural of our female population these days missible. products were imported than were ex­ manages to struggle along without hose ported. When- the reverse lend-lease are of any kind, and I .would not call three Mrs. NORTON. Mr. Chairman, on added to the imports, and they should pairs a week an absolute necessity . for yesterday, the gentleman from Virginia in fairness be done if the lend-lease· are even the famous beauties of France. fMr. SMITH] refused to yield to me to to be :figured as exports; and when the · This ad says that orders will be filled set him straight on some of the obviously agricultural purchases in other countries in any quantity for corporations, organi­ unfair and untrue statements he ad­ is added to these, it appears to me we zations and clubS. How easy it would dressed to the House. Therefore, I have secured more food outside the be for two or three of us to get together think in justice to the House Committee United States than has been shipped out and call ourselves a club and ship un­ on Labor, I should correct him. He of the United States. This may not limited amounts of high priority food seems to be in doubt as to the author­ coincide with the Washington propa­ and material to some distant cousin on ship of H. R. 2232. I would advise him ganda, but if I am in error, please have the other side. that it is a bill which is a composite of someone correct me. 13 separate bills introduced by an almost The ad says that one package may be equal number of Democrats and Repub- .. In the meantime, let us have more fac­ sent each week per person. In other tual information on this food problem. licans. The final bill is the result of words without forming ourselves into a consideration by the full Labor Com­ There is no reason to continue to deceive club, ~ach of us could send to a family the consumers of America, and there is mittee with the assistance of the legisla­ of five in France every week 5 pounds of tive counsel. The principle upon which no reason to be a party to deceiving the. butter or sugar, 60 ounces of luncheon world about feeding them when the food the bill is built is that written by· our meat and 15 pairs of women's hose. late President Roosevelt in his three we send them· or its equivalent must be Mr: Chairman, I have not checked into purchased in some other country in order Executive orders setting up the FEPC. · to furnish food for our own people. the operation of this plan, but I was as­ If the House had an opportunity to Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 sured today· on the telephone from New debate this bill, any Member ·would have minutes to· the gentleman from New York that these packages are still avail­ the right to offer amendments. What York [Mr. LATliAMJ. able for shipment. It would seem to me the Committee on Labor objects to is the to be quite obvious that someone in the "little dictatorship" of the Rules Com­ Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chair­ Office of Price Administration or the man, I yield 1. minute .to the gentleman mittee which denies the House its right from New York. Foreign Economic Administration has to debate this bill or any bill. The CHAffiMAN. The gentleman left the door wide open to perpetrate a I have always understood that the from New York is recognized for 4 min- fraud on the American people. Rules Committee is set up merely to pass utes. . I reiterate that I am perfectly willing upon the advisability of granting various Mr. LATHAM. Mr. chairman, there 1s that we share our food with our needy types of rules for the consideration of not a Member of this House who is more European friends, but I am not willing bills and the method of bringing them to willing than I to supply the necessities to agree that it is either fair or just to the :floor. It most certainly is not the of life to the people of Europe who are send over these articles, point free in province· of the Rules Committee to en­ starving. · wholesale quantities, irrespective of need, croach upon the functions of standing I was somewhat startled, however, the when they are not available to our own committees of the House and rewrite leg­ other day when I was shown the reprint p.:ople. ' islation which is brought before it. That of an ad in the New York Sun on May It is high time that someone in this is the function of the House itself if it so 31, which was inserted by M~cy's De­ administration closed this gap which desires, not the privilege of 12 men mak­ partment Store in New York City, would permit some of our French friends, ing up one of the very smallest com­ This ad reads in part: with relatives or friends over here, mittees of this House. Beginning tomm;row, June 1, you can send setting themselves up in the butter-and· The gentleman from Virginia [Mr. ~1 pounds of food and necessities to civilians egg business, or retail hosiery business. SMITH) states also that the only hearing ln France * "' , •. No ration polnts needed, In this connection I set forth Macy's in opposition to this measure which: was • • • Delivery is guaranteed. And we a·d. It reads as follows: held, was held in the Rules Committee. will be glad to take a standing order for pack­ :MACY'S: BEGINNING ' TOMORROW, J'UNE 1, YOU Hearings were held in the Labor Com­ ages to be shipped at regular intervals. • • • CAN SEND 11 POUNDS OF FOOD AND NECESSI­ Orders in any quantity will be filled for cor­ mittee from June 1 through June 16, TIES TO CIVILIANS IN FRANCE AT PARCEL-POST 1944, at which time the proponents had porations, organizations, clubs. One pack- , RATES age per person each week 1s permissible. concluded their testimony. The House We've special parcels ready for you. No was in recess shortly thereafter and I What surprised me, Mr. Chairman, ration points needed. The Macy low price were the contents of these packages includes everything-food, pack.ing, shipping, announced in the press that on ~ovem­ which were being shipped, point free, and ins,:rance. Delivery is guaranteed. And, ber 16, hearings would resume and op­ in any quantity to these civilians in we'll be glad to take a standing order for ponents would then be heard .. I r~stated France. packages to be shipped at regular intervals. this several times later publicly m the There are several combinations of food Gift-package canteen, fifth :floor. press and in answer to letters, and I also which make up the various packages. No. F-5, $5.34: 1 pound of sugar, 1 pound advised the members of the committee, powdered milk, 1 pound orange marmalade, but no opponents appeared although we One of them which has been designated 1 pound of French roast coffee, 1 pound of as "F-8," and which sells for $7.73, con­ split peas, 8 ounces breakfast sausage.. 2 would have been glad to hear the· op­ tains, among other articles, qne pound of packages chicken noodle soup, 1 pound dned position and take unde~ considerat.ion sugar 12 ounces of luncheon meat, figs, 2 cakes of soap. any suggestions made m good fai~h. chocoiate bars, three pairs of women's No. F-6, $5.96: 1 pound of butter, 1 pound Why did not the gentleman from VIr­ hose and bobby pins. Other packages, orange marmalade, 2 pounds French roast ginia ask to be heard at that time? which cost less, contain articles such as coffee, 1 pound instant cocoa, 1 pound of split Could it be that he knew he ha~ a way 6848 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 27 open in the Rules Committee to kill the House pay roll work under the same cap­ true, as he states, that there are hun­ bill when a rule was sought? · tain as the Senate, they work under the dreds of other. employees complaining ··About the suggestion made to the same lieutenant and under the same about the injustice done to them because chairman of the subcommittee, that the sergeants, and they do identically the of their low salaries, then his committee bill be resubmitted, I have no knowledge. same work, but 1:1nless this amendment has been derelict in its duty because it What I do know is, that no such sugges­ is agreed to they will receive less salary has not thoroughly examined the whole tion was made to me or to the committee. than the men on the Senate pay roJI. question and brought a proposal before As to the expressed opinion of the ·gen­ This matter was taken up by the Com­ this House many months ago. tleman from West Virginia, he is quite mittee on Aacounts and I am authorized Mr. COCHRAN. I will say to the gen­ capable of replying to your statements to bring in a resolution which is privi­ tleman that if he had been here and himself. leged, placing the House police on the listened to the speech I made about an As to the admitted view of the Mem­ same basis as the Senate police. If that hour ago he would understand the situ­ ber from Virginia that the Rules Com­ is not done you will have two checks, ation that exists and what I said about mittee is judge and jury of all bills to you will have two pay rolls, you will have the doorkeepers. be considered, I heartily disagree. Every a lot of book]:{eeping and accounting like Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chair­ standing committee of the House has its withholding of taxes and withholding of man, this is a legislative item, but due own responsibility to see that proper retirement, and so forth. · The easrest to the fact that the Committee on Ac­ legislation comes to the floor, but I re­ way to do it is to place it in this bill. counts, the legislative committee having gret to say a few members of the Rules I went before the Appropriations Com­ jurisdiction of the subject, has taken of­ Committee can and have made it im­ mittee and I advised that committee of ficial action, and that the gentleman possible for normal and proper legisla­ the action of the Committee on Accounts. from Missouri, Chairman CocHRAN, of tion to be considered by the Membership I am frank to say to the House that the Committee on Accounts, has, by of the House. this amendment is subject to a point of their direction, submitted the matter In conclusion, let me say, I believe it order. If anybody desires to make it, to the Committee on Appropriations, with would be unthinkable to allow the well and good. I stated to the House to­ their approval the Committee on Appro­ FEPC to die. Great progress has been day in a speech I made complaining priations waives the point of order. made under the Executive order of the about the action that was taken in con­ The CHAIRMAN. The question is on ... President to protect minorities in their nection with the legislative appropria­ the amendment offered oy the gentleman jobs. That is all H. R. 2232 seeks to do. tion bill where 14 different items were from Missourf [Mr. CocHRAN]. Racial and religious intolerance and placed in that bill which had never been The amendment was agreed to. prejudice should have no place in Amer­ authorized by a legislative committee, The Clerk read, as follows: ica, particularly in view of the great and that if any other amendment is offered Doorkeeper's offi.ce: For payment of 50 tragic sacrifices that have been made to to this bill under the heading "House of pages, including 10 pages for duty at the secure freedom and justice throughout Representatives" that has not been au­ . entrances to the Hall of the House, from July the world. thorized by the Accounts Committee I 1 to December 31, 1945, both dates inclusive, Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chair­ will make a point of order against it; at· $5 per day each, fiscal year 1946~ $46,000. I want the gentleman from Pennsyl­ man, I have no further reque·sts fo.r ~time. Mr. BRADLEY of Pennsylvania. Mr. The gentleman from New York has ex­ vania to understand that. If he makes a point of order against this amendment, Chairman, I offer an amendment. hausted his time. I ask that the Clerk all well and good. The Clerk read, as follows: read the bill. Mr. BRADLEY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Amendment offered by Mr. BRADLEY of The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Pennsylvania: Page 2, after line 24, insert: read the bill for amendment. · Mr. COCHRAN. I yield to the gen­ "That there shall be paid out of the Treas­ The Clerk read as follows: tleman from Pennsylvania. ury until otherwise provided by law, to the SALARIES, OFFICERS .AND EMPLOYEES 30 messengers whose comp·ensation is fixed Mr. BRADLEY of Pennsylvania. May at $1,74Q per annum each in the Legislative Committee employees: For an additional I say to the distinguished gentleman :)3ranch Appropriation . Act, 1946, additional - amount to pay the second assistant clerk, from Missouri that I think he is being comp.ensation at the ·fallowing rates: Committee on Claims, additional compensa­ most unfair. Of course, he knows that "To 8 messengers assigned to duty at the tion at the rate of $1,000 per annum sa long doors leading to the House floor, $760 per as the position is ' held by the present in­ because I think he will be doing wrong I do · not propose to do a wrong, too. I annum each, in addition to the compensa­ cumbent, as autnorized by House Resolution tion fixed in such .act. 290, of June 8, 1945, fiscal year 1946, $1,000. could not with any fair-mindedn.ess offer a point of order to the amendment he "To 8 messengers assigned to duty at the Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Chairman, I doors leading to the family galleries of the proposes. He is proposing to do some­ House, $360 per annum each, in addition to offer an amendment. thing that corrects a situation which The· Clerk read as follows: the compensation fiXed in such act. should be corrected. But the gentle­ "To 2 messengers assigned to duty at the Amendment offered by ·Mr. CocHRAN: On man is very inconsistent, knowing, as he doors leading to the tourist galleries of the page 2, after line 20, insert a new paragraph does, that I and other Members of the House, $300 per annum each, in addition to as follows: House, wanting to do justice to. the po­ the compensation fixed in such act. "Capitol Police force under the Sergeant at "To 12 messengers assigned to duty at the Arms. The compensation rates named under licemen, would not make a point of order against this proposal. I repeat doors leading to the public galleries of the this head in the Legislative Branch Appro­ House, $30q per anum each, in ~ddition to 1946, he.is very unfair when he will not extend priation Act, are hereby increased from the ~ompensation fixed ip. such act." $1,740 each to $2,000 each for lieutenants; to the other employees of the House the from $1,680 each to $1,920 each for sergeants; same justice we want to give to the The CHAIRMAN. The question is on and from $1,620 each to $1,800 each for pri­ policemen. the amendment offered by the gentleman vates and for payment of such increases, Mr. COCHRAN. I may say to the gen­ from Pennsylvania. fiscal year 1946, $12,780." tleman from Pennsylvania that there Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Chairman, due Mr. BRADLEY of Pennsylvania. Mr. are hundreds of employees in the House to the fact that the Committee on Ac­ Chairman, when another amendment is complaining about their salaries, but the counts has not authorized this increase proposed somewhat along the line of the Committee on Accounts has not author­ in salaries, I am forced to make a point amendment suggested by the gentleman ized me to accept any other amendment of order against it on the ground that it from Missouri, I hope ·he will not raise but this one and for the protection of · is legislation on an appropriation bill, a point.of order. ~ that committee I will be forced to make and not authorized by law. Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Chairman, as I a ·point. of order against any amendment : The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentle­ told the Committee earlier in t:he day that is offered. man from Pennsylvania desire to be when the legislative appropriation bill Mr. BRADLEY of Pennsylvania. heard? went.to the Senate, increases of less than Without indulging in undue criticism of · Mr. BRADLEY of Pennsylvania. . No, 15 percent were given to the members the gentleman, because he knows what Mr. Chairman. Quite obviously the of the Capitol Police .force on the Sen­ I think of him personally and the posi­ amendment is out of order· in the same ate pay roll. · The situation is that the tion he has assumed in this House on manner as the previous amendment of­ members of the. Capitol Police on the many questions, may I say that if it is f~red by the gentleman from Missouri. 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- HOUSE 6849 The CHAffiMAN. The point of order ment, the Navy Department, or the United which is not correct. If we could get is sustained. States Maritime Commission, such data and information as may be requested by them for away from the idea that the only thing The Clerk read as follows: use in the performance of their official duties: the Chief of the Office of Price Adminis­ OFFICE OF PRICE ADMINISTRATION Provided further, That no part of this ap­ tration has to ·do is to propagandize the Salaries and expenses: For all necessary propriation shall be available for making any United States to support foolish regula-· expenses of the Ofiice of Price Administration subsidy payments: Provided further, That no tions and operations that are inflationary in carrying out the provisions of the Emer­ part of this appropriation shall be used to and beyond the range of the law it would gency Price Control Act of 1942, as amended enforce any maximum price or prices on any help the enforcement of the Price Control by the act of October 2, 1942 (50 U.S. C. App. agricultural commodity or any commodity Act .. At present they are spending $2,- 901) , and the provisions of the act of May processed or manufactured in whole or sub­ 600,000 a year. They have 546 people 31, 1941 (55 Stat. 236), as amended by the stantial part from any agricultural com­ Second War Powers Act, 1942 (50 U.S. C. App. modity, including milk and its products and working and over 100 of them are edi­ 622), and acts amending or supplementing livestock, unless and until (1) the Secretary torial writers. It is a perfectly ridiculous such acts, and all other powers, duties, and of Agriculture has determined and published situation. You can see enumerated on functions which may be lawfully delegated for such agricultural commodity the prices four or five pages, beginning on page 126 to the Office of Price Administration, includ­ specified in section 3 (a) of the Emergency of the hearings, the activities to which I ing expenses of in-service training of em­ Price Control Act of 1942, as amended by refer. It is in the interest of proper ad­ ployees, including salaries and traveling ex­ Public Law 729, approved October 2, 1942, as ministration,· it is in the interest of pro­ penses of instructors; not to exceed $55,000 amended; (2) in case of a comparable price for the employment of aliens; not to exceed for such agricultural commodity, the Secre­ viding these people with plenty of money $30,000 for the· temporary employment ot tary of Agriculture has held public hearings to do the things that ought to be done and persons or organizations, by contract or other­ and determined and published such compara­ keeping them from doing the things that wise, without regard to section 3709, Revised ble price in the manner prescribed by section get them into trouble. Statutes, or the civil-service and classifica­ 3 (b) of said act as amended; and (3) the I hope this amendment will be adopted. tion laws; contract stenographic reporting Secretary of Agriculture has determined af­ The CHAffiMAN. The time of the services without regard to said section 3709; ter investigation and proclaimed that the gentleman from New York has exnired. witness fees; printing and binding (not to maximum price or prices so established on exceed $1,470,000, which limitation shall not any &uch agricultural commodity, including Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr~ Chair­ apply to the printing of forms prescribed milk and its product and livestock, will reflect man, I ask unanimous consent that all for use of trade or public, instructions, regu­ to the producer of such agricultural com­ debate on this paragraph and all amend­ lations, coupon books, price lists, and print­ modity a price in conformity with section ments thereto close in 5 minutes. ing required for the conduct of litigation) ; 3 (c) of said act as amended: Provided Mr. CURTIS. Reserving the right to not to exceed $100,000 for test purchases, further, That such maximum price or prices object, would that give us an 'opportunity without regard to section 3648, Revised shall conform in all respects to the provisions to be heard in favor of the amendment? Statutes, and the act of December 29, 1941 of section 3 of Public Law 729 approved (31 U. S. C. 529 and 82b), of commodities, October 2, 1942, as amended: Provided Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chair­ services, or ration currency for enforcement further, That any employee of the Office of man, I modify the request. I ask unani­ purposes, authoriZation in each case to have Price Administration is authoriZed and em­ mous consent that all debate on this approval prior to purchase ()f the Adminis­ powered, when designated for the purpose by paragraph and ali amendments close in trator, regional administrator, or the district the head of the agency, to administer to or 15 minutes, the last 5 minutes to be re­ director in the region or district in which the take from any person an oath; affirmation, or served for the committee. purchase is contemplated; traveling expenses affidavit when such instrument is required The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection (not to exceed $7,949,700), including reim­ in connection with the performance of the to the request of the gentleman from bursement, at not to exceed 3 cents per mile, functions or activities of said Ofiice: Provided of employees for expenses incurred by them further, That none of the funds appropriated Missouri? in ofiicial travel in privately owned auto­ in thU; act shall be used to pay the salary or There was no objection. mobiles within the limits of their ofiicial expenses of any person fixing maximum prices The CHAffiMAN. The Chair recog­ stations, and expenses of appointees from for ditferent kinds, classes, or types of pro­ nizes the gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. point of induction in continental United cessed fruits and vegetables which are de­ CURTIS]. States to their first post of duty in the Terri­ scribed in terms of specifications or stand­ Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Chairman, I hope tories and return; hire of motor-propelled ards, unless such specifications or standards the amendment offered by the gentle­ passenger-carrymg vehicles; not to exceed were, prior to such order, in general use: $5,210,550 for deposit in the general fund of Provided further, That as to appropriations man from New York will prevail. the Treasury for cost of penalty mail as re­ and contract authorizations granted for the There Is no chance that this Govern­ quired by section 2 of the act of June 28, national defense, war agencies, and the ment can be restored to the people so 1944 (Public Law 364) ; fl.rscal year 1946, prosecution of the war contained in this long as we, year after year, appropriate $174,500,000: Provided, That no part of this act and other appropriation acts, in addition millions and millions of dollars to these appropriation shall be used for the compen­ to compliance with the provisions of section boards and bureaus for propaganda pur­ sation · of any ofiicer, agent, clerk, or other 303 of the Second Deficiency Appropriation employee of the United States who shall Act, 1944, there shall be submitted to the poses. There is no chance that public divulge or make known in any manner what­ Congress on January 3, 1946, a list showing issues can be fairly discussed by the citi­ ever to any p~rson the operations, style · of the condition of the balances of each of such zens of this country and correct conclu­ work, or apparatus of any ma·nufacturer or appropriations and contract authorizations sions arrived thereon as long as the producer vis•ted by him in the discharge of together With recommendations for the re­ people are fed by propaganda and the his ofiiclal duties, or the amount or source of peal of such of those funds or portions source of their news is Government income, profl.~s. losses, expenditures, or any thereof as are deemed no longer required for hand-outs. particular thereof, set forth or disclosed in the purposes for which they were granted. any questionnaire, report, return, or docu­ We have a very able press in this ment, required or requested to be filed by Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I offer an country. In the city of Washington ­ order or regulation of the Administrator or amendment. there are many, many able reporters. to permit any questionnaire, report, return. The Clerk read as follows: They can go to the source of the news or document or copy thereof or any book Amendment offered by Mr. TABER: On page and ascertain the facts and write the containing any abstract or particulars thereof 8, line 19, strike out the period, insert a colon story as thev see it. Instead of that, the to be seen or examined by any person except last 12 years we have followed the policy as provided by law; nor for any person who and the following: "Provided further, That shall print or publish in any manner what­ not more than $1,000,000 shall be expended of the Government, by using the tax­ ever, except as hereinafter proVided, any for promotional propaf?;anda and information payers' money, writing what they think questionnaire, report, return, or document purposes." should be said and what they want said or any part thereof or source of income. and handing it to the newspapers. There profits, losses, expenditures, or methods of Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I have is no reason in the world why any Gov­ doing business, appearing in any question­ offered this amendment to cut down the ernment function that is doing a good naire, report, return, or document: Provided operations on publicity in the Office of job should have funds to ad\!:ertise that further, That the foregoing provisions shall Price Administration from $2,600,000 to job. The people will find it out in due not be construed to prevent or prohibit the $1,000,000. publication or disclosure of studies, graphs, course. charts, or other documents of like general Perhaps one of the things that brings ·A long time ago someone said, "Woe is character wherein individual statistics or the the Office of Price Administration into the man who must be defended with source thereof is not disclosed or identified great disrepute in this country are the words." Likewise we might say, "W9e directiy or indirectly nor to prevent the broadcasts that they continually send is that Government board, bureau, or furnishing ln confidence to the War Depart- out containing so-called information agency which must have millions and 6850 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 27 millions of dollars to prove to the· Amer­ which you can say: "Well, we are going that would bring·ah explosive upswing in ican people that it has. some reason to at least to get a mid-year check on this the price of necessities that would in­ exist." with an opportunity to recapture some volve an economic crash from which we We live in a time when people are con­ of the appropriations if we have over­ would not recover in the next decade. fused about the tremendous problems appropriated or if the developments of It must be remembered, Mr. Chairman, facing the country and the world. They the war are such that we have over-ap­ that the only way OPA can operate is are entitled to the facts and all the facts. propriated." through the force of public sentiment. If They are entitled to get both sides of Now then, in the amendment offered the people themselves were not back of the questions. But so long as their in­ by the gentleman from New York [Mr. the enforcement of OPA, black markets formation consists solelY. of hand-outs TABER] we have an opportunity imme­ and runaway prices would sweep this from Government press agencies they diately to recapture for better uses $1 ,- country in 24 hours. It must be enforced get but a part of the story. They get 600,000. The estimate-s submitted to the solely and wholly through public opinion. propaganda; they get catch phrases and committee contemplated $2,600,000 for Mr. Chairman, how can we reach the slogans, and real issues and real facts propaganda and publicity by the Office public? How can we mold public sen­ are obscured from the people. of Price Administration. The amend­ timent? How can we instruct the Mr. Chairman, the OPA will use this., ment presently pending offered by the people? How can we educate except propaganda money to sell the idea of a gentleman from New York places a limi­ through the medium provided by this ap­ postwar OPA. It ought to end with the tation of $1,000,000 for that purpose propriation? We should not forget, Mr. ending of the war. Let us take the Gov­ thereby saying that. the other $1,600,000 Chairman, that in the process of keeping ernment off the necks of the people and may be used for better purposes by the the people informed, in the process of give freemen a chance. Office of Price Administration. keeping inflation in hand, that the appro­ The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman It would be a most salutary thing if the priation which the gentleman seeks to from South Dakota [Mr. CASE] is recog­ country should learn that we are going reduce is the smallest expense involved. nized. to get news on the basis of news. Some The magazines, newspapers, and radio Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. day the country will learn that by en­ channels over the country are willing to Chairman, I take this time to call the couraging a policy of government news contribute their.facilities. They are will­ attention of the House to a proviso on handouts we have undermined the char­ ing to give us millions of dollars worth of page 8, because it applies not merely to acter of the free press of this country. space and time-from the small weekly the OPA appropriation but it applies gen­ Here is an opportunity to limit the newspaper to the metropolitan dailies erally to appropriations granted for na­ amount that may be used for propa­ and Nation-wide radio networks. How tional defense, not only in this bill but ganda purposes and let that money be can we utilize it? . in all other appropriation acts. used for better purpqses. We must have this money in order to Lest you have missed it, I want to read Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, will the formulate the messages to be carried in it. It is not long. The proviso reads: gentleman yield? the papers and over the radio. Provided further, That as to appropriations Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I yield. Mr. Chairman, this amendment affects and contract authorizations granted for the Mr. RABAUT. The gentleman knows not only the prosecution of the war but national defense, war agencies, and the prose­ there has been a cut established now of the orderly reconversion of the postwar cution of the war contained in this act and about $6,000,0.00 that must be divided and other appropriation acts, in addition to com­ period.· pliance with the provisions of section 303 of allocated among the different funds. Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. the Second Deficiency Appropriation Act, Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Yes; I Chairman, will the gentleman yield? 1944, there shall be submitted to the Con­ recognize that, but I recognize also that Mr. CANNON of Missouri. I yield to gress on January 3, 1946, a list showing the the House has already voted the transfer the gentleman from Virginia. condition of the balances of each of such to the Department of Agriculture of re­ appropriations and contract authorizations sponsibility for licensing slaughter­ Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Is it not together with recommendations for, the re­ houses-- true that this fund which it is suggested peal of such of those funds or portions there­ Mr. RABAUT: But the House is only be cut 50 percent is the only medium of as are deemed no longer required for the one part of the legislative establishment which the Office of Price Administration purposes for which they were granted. of this country. · has to let the people of the country A similar provision was carried yes­ Mr. CASE of South Dakota. That has know about their p,rogram, what their terday on the War Department appro­ been one of the major activities of the rules and regulations are, and what the priation bill. This language here is Office of Price Administration. changing economic situation is, and that broad enough to cover not merely this If the gentleman is worried about the to cripple it by this amendment would bill, not merely the OPA appropriation, cut that has already been made, he leave a most serious sort of situation so but it covers all other items in this bill should certainly support the amendment far as their whole enforcement program ' and all other national defense, war offered by the gentleman from New York, is concerned? agency items, items for the prosecution because it releases from purposes of Mr. CANNON of Missouri. The whole of the war, both appropriations and di­ propaganda $1,600,000 that could be as­ program is affected by this propdsal. rect authorization acts, and other appro­ signed to some other activity in the Office This fund is indispensable to the effec­ priation acts. of Price Administration. tive administration ·of OPA regulations. In other words, by the enactment of The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, will the . this paragraph Congress is · establishing from Missouri [Mr. CANNON] is recog­ gentleman yield? the principle that on the 3d of January nized to conclude debate on the pending Mr. CANNON of Missouri. I yield tp 1946, we shall have a mid-year review of amendment. · the gentleman from Michigan. all these appropriations; and the agen­ Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chair­ Mr. RABAVT. I note in the hearings cies are called upon to submit that re­ man, this is one of the most dangerous on page 52, Mr. Bowles said: port of their balances and to submit with amendments that could be offered. OPA A part of om problem, an important pa.rt, that recommendations for the repeal of is the one barrier between the Nation and is to keep them, the public, informed. I feel any funds which at that time appear no unbridled inflation. Our diplomatic that the money spent in that way is wisely longer required for the purpose for which representatives ..returning from foreign spent. We have tried to spend it very care­ they_were granted. countries reporting to our committee say fully. We cut our paper use 50 percent last year. We have tried not to do anything un­ · It is only because of a proviso like that that in practically every other country usual during this period but I do feel that that I believe the Congress can justify in the world inflation has created such the publicity dollar is probably the best dol­ the large appropriations carried in this havoc that the cost of living is rising to lar that the agency spends in getting com­ bill for OPA, for defense aid, and some incredible figures. No greater economic pliance. of the other activities without more de-:' danger menaces the country today than tailed consideration than they are getting the advance of uncontrolled inflation, Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Chairman, will today. Without this provision you might and every resource at our command must the gentleman yield? be asked embarrassing questions about be utilized to forstall it. The agencies Mr. CANNON of Missouri. · I yield to the total for defense aid in this bill. The implemented by the appropriation car­ the gentleman from Minnesota. Appropriations Committee has provided ried in this bill provide the only practical Mr. KNUTSON. What is the budget you with an escape ·provision under method we have of preventing a situation for OPA at the present time? 1945 CONGRESSIONAL .. RECORD-HOUSE 6851 Mr. CANNON of Missouri. The budget and Mr. Bowles will do a better job if -here who agree with him in that hasty was $6,000,000 more than we provided. and when he gets rid of all these cocky estimate . .The committee cut the budget $6,000,000. little czars. Leon Henderson made some We must not only provide the funds Mr. KNUTSON. I cannot understand appointments which were not pleasing to for OPA but we must refrain from handi­ this. I am told on this side that the the New Deal higher-ups. · So, in order capping the business set-up with unrea­ budget was $174,000,000. to render the State directors helpless sonable limitations. I sincerely hope Mr. CANNON of Missouri. The and powerless, they regionalized OPA. the amendment will not be agreed to. budget was $180,500,000. On the repre­ They cut across State lines and created The CHAIRMAN. The question is on septation of a majority of the members districts and ever since that time we have the amendment offered by the gentle­ of the· committee and without assigning had trouble no end in the OPA and a man from Iowa [Mr. JENSENl. any specific reason, we made a blanket lot of it. They put part of my congres­ The question was taken; and on a di­ cut. The OPA people told us, and if you sional district under the Omaha office, vision (demanded by Mr. JENSEN) there will read the hearings I think you will and we have had nothing but trouble were-ayes 68, noes 79. find that the testimony justifies that con­ and turmoil ever since. I am sure I So the amendment was rejected. clusion, that they needed every cent of voice the sentiments of most of the the amount of the estimate. If you Members of this House and of the Mr. OUTLAND. Mr. Chairman, I must cut it, apply the reduction any­ American people when I say that we move to strike out the last word. where but to this item. This is the item should get back to State authority in Mr. Chairman, we in this House have that must be retained intact. OPA, and by so doing the Office of Price been debating for the past several days The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Administration will again function like the continuance of the price-control gentleman from Missouri has expired. it did before it was thorougb,ly cut up program. We have added some amend­ The question is on the amendment of­ and regionalized. That is the purpose ments, some of which, I am afraid, may fered by·the gentleman from New York of my amendment. Someone may take seriously impair the fight against in:fia­ [Mr. TABER]. the :floor and say that these regional tion. If we are really going to hold the -- The question was taken; and on a di­ and district offices are now set up and line here on the home front, it is abso­ vision do that is simply to fMr. HARRIS] is ·chairman, and on which follow the lead of enthusiasts who would Mr. TARVER. I will be glad to co~ I have the honor to serve. This bill will operate, but there are- $70,000,000 in­ probably as readily suppqrt an allocation provide for a 3-year authorization of volved and somebody has the right to of $500,000,000 as $120,000,000. There $200,000,000 a year for expenditures by talk about it a little bit. ought to be some reasonableness about the REA. The money is to come from The CHAffiMAN. The gentleman this thing. the RFC. Hearings are proceeding on from Georgia is recognized for 5 min­ Mr. Chairman, I do not think we are this bill. helping the cause of rural electrification I do not intend to discuss the pending utes. any when we provide money largely in Mr. TARVER. Mr. Ch~irman, I yield amendment, but I want to call the at­ to no -Member in this House in my· sup­ exce~s of its needs or of any reasonable tention of the Committee to . one very port of the REA. I represent a district claim which can be imagined. They say important fact, and that is, that these which is predominantly agricultural. I they can get materials. They cannot get loans from the RFC are ·expected to be believe in the REA, I think it has accom~ materials in my district; at least, they not greater than 85 percent of the plished and is accomplishing a very fine are not building the extensions. They amount of the collateral consisting of work, but that is very far from saying claim they can get the materials to wire loans that are made by REA. that I am in favor of making available the houses,. but even if they get the ma­ We have appropriated these funds for any astronomical amount of money that terials to build extensions, the fact that the REA from two sources, one by di~ anybody might suggest as being appro~ the WPB has relaxed its regulations does rect appropriation from the Treasury priate for its use. not mean these farmers are going to get and the other through loan authoriza~ Let me review briefly the situation. all the copper and aluminum they want. tions by the RFC. The direct appropri­ This House has already voted twice on · Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, will the ations from the Treasury Department this question this year. In the agricul­ gentleman yield? amoun~ to something like $146,000,000, tural appropriation bill which was Mr. TARVER. I yield to the gentle .. which would make an author:zation to brought to the House by the subcommit- man from Mississippi. the RFC to loan something like nine 6856 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE. 27

hundred and fifty or nine hundred and The money will not come out of the tax­ Mr. TAR~R. Will the gentleman seventy-five million doHars fo.r these pur­ .payer's pocket. The money will stimu­ yield? 'poses in accordance with section 3' (a) late industry. It wfll help the food pro­ Mr. RANKIN. Yes; I yield. of the act referred to as authorization gram. It will help the farmer. The Mr. TARVER. The statement of the in this measure. :money will help everyone and hurt no gentleman is absolutely correct as to .. There is a very peculiar thing in­ one. what happened in the Appropriations volved here. That is that this money, I sincerely trust that the Johnson Committee. whether it comes directly from the ·amendment will receive your support }\1:r. RANKIN. The gentleman has 'Treasury or through the RFC, all comes and that the additional $120,000,000 for verified ·what I have said. I do not yield from the Treasury. That money which Rural Electrification Administration will any further. comes from the RFC is loaned to the ·be provided. Mr. TARVER. But somebody violated Administrator at 1% percent and is in The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ .the rules by telling what happened in the turn loaned to these cooperatives at 2 nizes the gentleman from Kansas [Mr. committee. percent, whereas the RFC itself borrows HOPE]. Mr. RANKIN. But you admit they that money from the Treasury at the Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman, I hope gave us the facts. I am talking for the rate of 1 percent. Therefore, there i~ that the amendment will be adopted. farmers of America. The gentleman a clear three-quarters of 1'percent profit For the last 3 or 4 years, as everyone ·from Georgia has opposed our rural­ to the RFC in making these loans. For knows, the REA program has been prac­ electrification program for years. , one thing, it makes the RFC look very tically suspended except in a very lim­ · Mr. TARVER. That is not true. ·That good in its annual statement and the .ited class of cases. There bas been no ·is absolutely false. · gentlemen on the Committee on Bank­ material available and for that reason Mr. RANKIN. I will show you it is ing and Currency who have had that the money authorized for loans has been true by the RECORD. orc-anization under their legislative su­ very small. As a result a big backlog Mr. TARVER. I say it is absolutely ·pervision should make an investigation of projects has accumulated. false. · 'of it. During the last 2 months the War Pro­ . . Mr. RANKIN. In 1938 when we were ~ The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ duction Board has issued two orders trying to get the first $100,000,000 ap­ nizes the gentleman from Texas [Mr. which have relaxed the restrictions upon propriation for rural electrification the MAHON]. . materials for rural electrification, and in­ gentleman voted against it. · Mr. MAHON. Mr. Chairman, ·the all probability there will be further in­ Mr: TARVER. That is not true. 'noise and confusion in the Chamber, I creases in available material. This will Mr. RANKIN. Oh, yes; it is; I will cite believe, is somewhat comparable to the make it possible to go ahead with a large the RECORD. In 1938 when we were try­ confusion that exists in tlie House as to number of projects which have been held jng to get the first $100,000,000 appro­ the REA situation. The Bureau of the up by a lack of material. priation he voted against it. Budget sent to the Congress a request As has already been said here, there Mr. TARVER. That statement is not for a $160,000,000 authorization for the are .now pending applications for loans true. I have only veted against exces­ REA. The Deficiency Appropriations amounting to over $200,000,000. More sive amounts. Subcommittee; made up of the gentle­ applications are coming in every day. In Mr. RANKIN. The RECORD shows he man from Missouri [Mr. CANNON] and addition you will recall that last year :voted against it. Turn to page 6833 ·of the gentleman from New York [Mr. the Congress passed a bill which reduced the CONGREsSIONAL RECORD of Thursday, TABER], and others, scaled that down to the interest rate and extended the time May 12, 1938, roll call No. 74. · On a $120,000,0CO authorization. In that for repayment ·of REA loans. That legis­ the amendment providing $100,000,000 form the proposal was submitted to the lation has made it possible for the Rural for rural electrification for the next fis­ whole committee. Electrification Administration to extend cal year and you will see that one of the The gentleman from Georgia has ob­ its lines into many areas where that serv­ Members ·who voted "nay" on that roll jected to.this sum of money for the REA, ice could not have been made available call was the gentleman from Georgia and unfortunately the whole committee under the old law. This has further in­ [Mr. TARVER]. reduced the amount from $120,000,000 to creased loan applications. More mate­ · It was my amendment, as you will see $50,000,000. I was among those oppos­ rial is becoming available. I think much from reading the RECORD. of that day, ing the reduction. more will be available, but if we author­ that raised the amount to $100,000,000. · Mr. Chairman, tne REA program is ize the money and the material is not The adoption of that amendment really paying its own way and paying it in a available, no harm will be done. We are started rural electrification on its way. big way. It is one of those vital pro­ merely authorizing the RFC to make the And I might add that this amendment grams which. must help forge this link loans. If they cannot be made this year, we are on now is the most important . between the end of the war and our they will be made next year. In no event provision, or amendment, so far as rural entry into the postwar period. The can any possible harm be done by ap­ electrification is concerned, that has REA should be able to make loans to en­ proving this amendment. been proposed from that day to this; and able this program to go forward rapidly · The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman I do not propose for the gentleman from as we end the war and as we begin the from Mississippi [Mr. RANKIN] is recog­ Georgia to defeat it, or emasculate it, if postwar period. nized. I can prevent it. Yes; we need the $120,000,000 authori~ Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, I agree . Last year when we tried to raise the zation. Two hundred and thirty-nine with what the distinguished gentleman amount provided for rural electrification · million dollars' worth of applications from Kansas [Mr. HOPE] has said. If from $20,000,000 to· $30,000,000 he fought are now pending today. Additional you will turn to page A3068 in the Ap­ that. · Yet ·he comes here and says he is REA applications are coming in at the pendix of the RECORD, you will find a let­ as good a friend of rural electrification rate of 1,000,000 per day. Therefore, the ter from Hon. Claude R. Wickard, Secre­ as I am. I will take the RECORD on roll $50,000,000 authorization, if applied to tary of Agriculture, who is to be the new calls. the new applications, would last at that REA Administrator, setting out the facts . Mr. TARVER. The gentlemen's state­ rate for only 50 days. Of course, that with reference to the need for the appro­ ment as made is not correct. would not be the actual procedure that priation of an additional $120,000,000 for Mr. RANKIN. The gentleman can would be followed. Let me urge the the next fiscal year, which this amend­ rant all he wants to. But the RECORD friends of REA, and I believe the great ment would provide. This money is of June 23, 1943, shows on page 6361, roll majority of the Members of this House badly needed, and the farmers are plead­ call No. 113, that the gentleman from are friends of REA, let me urge you to ing for it all over the country. Georgia [Mr. TARVER] voted against con­ go down the line with the Deficiency Ap­ The gentleman from Georgia [Mr. TAR­ curring in the Senate amendment which propriations Subcommittee as they pre­ VER] talks about what a great friend he would have increased the amount pro-. sented the bill to the whole committee. is of rural electrification. I happen to vided for rural electrification from in other words, let us support the bill know his record; I checked it up this $,20,000,000 -to $30,000,000. And the same with the Johnson amendment, and pro­ morning. He not only offered the REcORD shows that he led the fight vide this authorization of $120,000,000, amendment to cut this $120,000,000 down against it. which, at that, is $40,000,000 below the to $50,000,000; but·he·tried to cut it out What we are trying to do is to offset Budget estimate. The money is needed. altogether. · the opposition of the gentleman from '1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE .6857 Georgia who seems to be trying to kill · If it had not been for the fights I culture attractive and you have got to do the appropriation for rural 'electrifica­ waged, and won, here on this floor in . something to bring that young man back tion in this bill. 1938, there would be more than a million from the Army that will make him want Mr. TARVER. That is not true. farm homes throughout this country to stay on the farm. Mr. RANKIN. All right. You just dark tonight, that are now enjoying the Mr. JENSEN. And the Iowa farmers admitted it. benefits of rural electrification-the will pay back every dollar with interest. Mr. TARVER.. I have not. greatest economic blessing that has ever · Mr. HOEVEN. The gentleman is cor­ Mr. RANKIN. You just admitted you come to the farmers of America, and rect. The record of the Iowa farmer is voted in committee to strike out the en­ which we are now trying to extend to very fine in that respect, paying what he tire appropriation. reach every farm home in the United owes. Mr. TARVER. Oh, no, no. States. Without Senator Norris' help, I Mr. RANKIN. And according to the Mr. RANKIN. You voted to strike feel sure we would have lost that amend­ statement of the gentleman from Cali­ out even the $50,000,000. ment in the Senate, even after we had fornia [Mr. HINSHAW] the Government Mr. TARVER. Because it is not won it in the House. will make a profit on that interest. needed. The gentleman from Georgia may call Mr. HOEVEN. There is no doubt about Mr. RANKIN. I am afraid that if we me the tail of the kite if he wants that. This is a good investment that will waited until the gentleman from Geor­ to; but my answer is that it was a glori­ make for the betterment of the entire gia thought funds were "needed" for ous kite~ne that lifted the farmers of country. rural electrification before we provided this Natipn into a brighter existence The CHAIRMAN. The time of the them, our rural-electrification program and a higher standard of living than gentleman from Iowa has expired. would be at an end. He does not think they had ever enjoyed before in all the The gentleman from Georgia [Mr. we need even $50,000,000 now while the history of mankind. PACE] is recognized. Administration thinks we need $·160,000,- Senator Norris is gone; God bless his · Mr. PACE. Mr. Chairman, not one 000. The subcommittee thinks we need sacred memory! The work he did for penny of this money is a gift, but every $120,000,000, and that is what we are this power program and for rural elec­ dollar is a loan, and the REA co-ops, asking for in this amendment. trification will live forever, and his name. rarmer owned ·and farmer controlled, I have neither the time nor the desire will remain enshrined in the hearts of a have proven to.be safe borrowers. Listen to quarrel with the gentleman from grateful people for centuries to come. to this: During the 10 years $40,930,000 Georgia; but I am not going to let him In his name, and in the names of the interest has become due, on which kill this amendment if I can help it. millions of farm men and women who $40,600J(}OO has been paid. Dul.·ing the The war in Europe is over, and we can are pleading for electricity in their same period $27,300,000 of principal get the materials for building these hoines, I appeal to you to vote for this has accrued while $45;300,000 has lines. We are ready to go forward with amendment and help us to carry this been paid on principal. Not only liave this prog-ram, and I, for one, am not great program forward until we elec­ these loans been safe investments for willing for the gentleman from Georgia trify every farm home in America at the Government, but they have made it to stand here and say that he is as good rates the farmers can afford to pay. possible for the farmer, his wife, and a friend of rural electrification as I am, The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gen­ children to enjoy the comforts and bless­ and at the same time reduce this tleman from Mississippi has expired. ings of modern conveniences and the ef­ amount below the danger point or strike The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman ficiency of electric power. Those are this needed and necessary item from from Iowa [Mr: HOEVEN] is recognized. things you -cannot measure in dollars the bill. Mr. HOEVEN. Mr. Chairman, Iowa and cents, but have been of great benefit After all the fighting I have gone farmers want electricity. Iowa has al­ to the Nation. Here is what I wanted to through here with Senator Norris and ready applied for some $8,000,000 author­ say to you: other, friends of the REA, to build up ization beginning the 1st of July. In Do not let word go out this afternoon this rural-electrification program from fact, in my own congressional district of to the farmers of this Nation that you the beginning, I cannot sit idly by and 12 counties we have applications pend­ are appropriating in this bill $1,900,0@,- see it destroyed or paralyzed by cutting ing for over $1,000,000. In the proposed 000 to give away under lend-lease, and off the necessary funds. allocation in this bill, $50,000,000, it that you refused to make your own peo­ · Mr. TARVER. You have been tied to would allow a little better than $1,000,000 ple a safe loan of less than 7 percent the tail of the kite of George Norris. for each of the 48 States. In my own of that amount. Do not let word go out Mr. RANKIN. Senator Norris and I congressional district there are requests to the farmers of this Nation that you fought for this program during the hard, for over a million dollars. It seems to are appropriating seven or eight billions trying years when he was in the Senate. me the issue is not one of grants. We for the Export-Import Bank to lend to I am doing now just what Senator Nor­ have heard so much about grants in foreign people and you cannot let your ris would do if he were alive and here Congress, the UNRRA and lend-lease, own farmers have a loan of $120,000,000. today to help me. In his autobiography, which is a -misnomer, but here we are Do not let the word go out to this coun­ Senator Norris gives me credit for sav­ only asking for a loan.: In my judge­ try that you have this week spent $700,- ing the REA in 1935. ment, the Iowa farmer is a pretty good 000,000 to increase the pay of Govern­ The power question is one issue on risk. We are for electricity. We want ment employees, for which you and I which Senator Norris and I always to extend this program. voted, and that you cannot lend the agreed. He led the fight in the Senate, As has been ~aid, the war is over in farmers of this Nation $120,000,000 to and I led it·here in the House; and as a Europe. These applications are piling build their own electric lines to their result of our efforts we have a public in every day. When the material be­ homes. power program the like of which our comes available we want to extend our Mr. RABAUT. And ·On good security. people had scarcely dreamed 12 years lines. In my county alone they are get­ Mr. PACE. I say to you that in my ago. By our joint efforts we succeeded ting ready to build 85 miles of high line judgment the most helpful thing this in passing the bill creating the TV A, right now. So it seems. to me this is a Congress has ever done for the farmers which has proved to be the greatest sin­ practical proposition. It is a question of this Nation is to give them the bless­ gle development of all time. · It has pro­ of a loan. If the money is not expended ings of rural electrification and the vided the American people with a yard­ nobody will be at a loss. The money benefits of soil conservation and soil stick, showing what electricity should will be in the Treasury. building. We now have the system part­ cost them, and in that way has brought This is a progressive movement. The ly completed and I appeal to all of you about reductions in light and power rates Iowa farmer, together with all farmers · to join with those of us who realize the amounting to hundreds of millions of throughout the midwest, have done a benefits of this program to make it pos­ dollars annually. great job in helping to win the war by the sible to see that there is an REA line to . If it had not been for the fights we production of food. The people on the every farmhouse in this Nation within 5 waged, there would· have been .a rising :farms are just as much entitled to these years. That is what we are working for, tide of power rates all over. the CO\lntry, electrical facilities as the people in the and this amendment to authorize these and the average family would have been · cities. One great problem we will have is additional loans of $120,000,000 is a part denied the use of m~ny of those electri­ to keep young n:1en on the farms when the of that program. I call upon you to cal appliances they now enjoy• . war is over. You hwve got to make agrt.. stand with us. XCI--432. 6858 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Mr. MURDOCK. I agree with the as we would like to have seen done. And, gentleman from Georgia has expired .. sentiments just expressed . . Does the gen­ of course, that is true. They have not The gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. tleman feel, then, that Nebraska has done as much as I would like to have had STEFAN] is recognized. profited greatly by the extension of REA done. They have not energized the-poles Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, I rise projects and lines? in front of my own farm. No, they have to say a good word for the REA. Not only Mr. STEFAN. There is no question not built the lines through my district its work all over the Nation but espe­ about it. The REA program in our State I would like to have seen built. · But cially the work it has done in Nebraska. has been of very grea·t benefit. We now whose fault is it that lines have ·not My feeling after some exhaustive study have excess power and are trying to find been built? Much of this lack of con-· in that Mr. Neal and his associates have an outlet for it in Nebraska even paying struction has been the result of short­ done a splendid job with the funds which dividends to bring industry to the agri­ ages due' to the war. The rest of the this Congress has provided them for the cultural country. It is going to mean responsibility must rest on the Congress. Rural Electrification Administration. that we are going to process more of our With the means at its command the Many of the districts in my State are products out there rather than shipping administration of REA has been good. rated as the outstanding REA district in them to the East or the West to be Bill Neal has done a good job with every­ the country. We have many applications processed. thing he has had and there is not a man in Nebraska for REA extensions but we. Mr. MURDOCK. In that respect it or woman in this Chamber or in the· have been unable to complete them be-. does create wealth. other Chamber who has dared rise and cause the Administration has not had Mr. STEFAN. Absolutely, . point to a specific -instance where he has· sufficient funds on hand for loaning pur­ Mr. MURDOCK. We want REA to do done any wrong. There·has been noth­ poses and also because war necessarily the same thing in my State of Arizona ing but back-alley scandal, nothing but' prohibited the release of critical. mate­ as the gentleman says it has done in unworthy insinuations. After an, if rial. The war is over in Europe now and Nebraska. It not only energizes the REA has not had ·enough money to carry I have ben informed that REA material power lines to America's farms, but it on as we would like for them to carry on, is no longer frozen. The Administration helps to energize the productive processes whose fault is it? As material began' to' has on hand now applications for $239,- of our whole economic life. I also favor become available REA came to us and 000,000 REA extensions and new work. this type of investment. asked for the deficiency appropriations There is no reason why sufficient funds The CHAffiMAN. The time of the we had promised. We did not make shoUld not be allowed for this purpose gentleman has expired. them in sufficient amount to enable the now. This money does not represent The Chair· recognizes the gentleman program to move forward even during grants. It costs the taxpayers no money, from Nebraska [Mr. MILLER]. the period of restricted constructio'n: In fact it represents a loan on which Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair­ Now practically all restrictions have these borrowers pay an interest. The man, there are gray heads in this House been removed. · Transmission wire · is· record shows that the principal and in­ and some without hair, who can remem­ plentiful. The farmers' cooperatives are· terest on ·most REA loans have been paid. ber when grandmother used to have a sending in applications 'at the rate 'of In many cases the loans have been paid candle in order to secure light. Some $1,000,000 per day. We have provided· far ahead of the due date. This is a re­ of you may have helped grandmother only $80,000,000 for next year and yet we markable record and the program should make candles. Certainly we can all re­ enter the year with a ba~klog of nearly' ·be encouraged. It means a great con­ member the lamp shade that mother used $240,000,000 of applications for loans bY: tribution to the plan to solve our postwar to clean every night about. sundown so local cooperatives. economic problem. It will bring pros­ that we would have a little light for din­ This amendment does not attempt to perity to our farming districts. It bas nertime. It has not been very many provide all the money needed. it does already brought much comfort and hap­ years ago when we used tQ build fires on not try to provide enough t·o enable REA piness to the American farm home. In the hilltop to signal to our neighbors to finance all the applications it · now Nebraska we have an excess of electric across the way. But today electricity has-much less all those it will receive. power. We want these rural electric lines and communications have changed that It only attempts to provide for the more extended as soon as possible so we can picture. There is only one thing wrong pressing needs within the ability of the put this electric power to work. I shall with this appropriation bill and that is, cooperatives to buy the needed equip­ oppose amendments which would reduce there is not enough in it for rural elec­ ment. This amendment simply makes the funds necessary to complete the trification. . . good in part on the promise made that REA program in our country. Not one I make that statement because in my we- would provide more money as build­ penny will be lost in making these loans own State we have hundreds of applica­ ing material became available. to our REA districts. In fact, it is my tions for extension of rural electrifica­ Unless we are willing to give the Ad­ belief that a profit will be shown. tion. It brings contentment, it brings ministrator of REA reasonable funds Only a short time ago I interrogated security, it brings a new life, it brings a with which to do the job, I hope that the ranking minority member of the Ap-. pleasure to living on the farm. If this we will hear no more complaint that propriations Committee on lend-lease. House can vote billions of dollars for REA is not doing the job. And, remem­ You will recall that I brought out the Bretton Woods, lend-lease, and other. ber that when you give him. the money fact that we have already appropriated agencies of Government from which we provided in this amendment you only $6·5,000,000,000 for lend-lease. Also that may never get a penny back, we should give him about one-half the amount for· over $40,000,000,:()00 has already be'en not forget our farmers who are asking which he has asked. · delivered in lend-lease to foreigners. for a loan here that will ba repaid to If you really .want the job done as your You will also recall statements made on the Government with interest. road program l.s handled you should pass - this fioor ·today that very little of this The CHAffiMAN. The time of the the bill to which the gentleman from lend-lease money will ever come back to gentleman from Nebraska has expired. California [Mr. HINSHAW] referred and us. Then why quibble over this REA The Chair recognizes the gentleman put the REA on the same kind of long­ loan which'the farmers of America need from Texas [Mr. PoAGE]. term planning basis that you have put so badly now and which· they will pay Mr. POAGE. Mr. Chairman, in the the Bureau of Public Roads. That bill, back with interest? I oppose the amend­ past few months there has been much H. R. 1742, was introduced in January. ment offered· by the gentleman from unwarranted criticism of those who have It is still being considered by the com­ Georgia to reduce these REA loans and been charged with the administration mittee as explained by the gentleman urge the committee to accept the amend­ of the REA. Those criticisms have all from California. It seems improbable ment of the gentleman from Oklahoma been vague, they have been the whisper-·· that the committee can get the measure Which would give to the REA at least a ing type of criticism without any spe­ to· the House before late fall. · Under portion of the funds necessary to con­ cific charges being made, they have peen these circumstances we· simply cannot .Struct these badly needed rural-electrifi­ unfair, they have been cowardly, they wait for that 'legislation for this year's c:ation lines. have been the backhanded kind of crit­ program. The best we can do is to use Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. Chairman, will icism. When boiled down this criticism it next year. I think that we should the gentleman yield? simply amounts to a charge that those · have enacted that bill into law months· Mr. STEFAN. I yield. in charge of REA have not done as much ago, but we did not. In. the absence of • I

1945. ·; CONGRESSIDNAJt RECORD-HOUSE 6859 an.all-over, long--term program for REA ana sent to the Subcommittee on Deft.- sideration: I hope that they·will give it it is necessary· that we give it the funds ciencies.· favorable consideration because of its provided in the amendment if we want Mr. RANKIN. And they gave that vital necessity.· t6 deal fairly with the new Administra­ estimate on the theory that there would I would be glad to answer any question tor of REA, and if we want to keep faith be materials available now. concerning this amendment so far as I with the farmers of America who only ·Mr. DIRKSEN. . That is right. I am able to within the time ·allotted to ask the privilege of borrowing money, on raised that question very specifically, so me. a basis that pays the Government a nice if. the materials are available, I wanted Mr. HORAN. Mr. Chairman; will the profit. to take a chance on the extension of this gentleman yield? The CHAIRMAN. The time of. the program, and for that reason I shall vote Mil. HINSHAW. I yield to-the gentle- .. gentleman from Texas has expired. for. Mr. JOHNSON's ·amendment for man from Washington. The Chair recognizes the gentleman $120,000,000. If the material is not Mr. HORAN. Will this experimental from Tilinois [Mr. DIRKSEN]. available, they cannot. spend the money line solve some of our control tower prob­ Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Chairman, let me and there wi_ll be an unobligateo author- I ems all over the Nation? say to the gentleman from. Texas that ization fat next year. ·Mr. HINSHAw. It will very mate- not all criticism of REA has been vague. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on rially aid in solving the control tower At least mine has ·been so specific that the amendment offered ·by the gentleman· problems in due course, yes; but at the I got an assistant administrator removed. from Oklahoma tl\4r. JOHNSON]. present moment lt will 'be only between But that does not gainsay the fact·that· The question was taken; and on a divi- .. Washington and New York. I _hope that I am for the amendment that is-on the sion .(demanded by ·Mr. TARVER) - there the gentlemen of the committee will ac- desk. I hope this does not become· a con­ were-yeas 102, nays 29. . cept the amendment and allow this' item test between the 100 percenters for REA, So the amendment was agreed to. to go through because I know it is greatly the 90 percenters and the 50 percenters. The Clerk .read as follows: desired by all concerned in military and I have been one of the most severe critics Establishment of .air-navigation facilities: naval aviation and in the Department and every administrative official in REA For an additional ·amount for "Establishment' of Commerce, as well as in the Bureau will bear that out. Iti every case my crit­ of air-navigation facilities," fiscal year 1946, of the Budget who now. thoroughly un­ icism was designed to improve-its opera­ including the objects specified under this derstand the matter. · tion. I think that in all the weiter of head in the Department of Commerce Ap- I hope the' gentleman from· Missouri discussion we . iose ·sight of the essential propriati~m Act, 1946, $27,000. , w-ill accept the amendment and allow this point. It does not .make any difference Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Chairman, I offer item to go through in order that it may . how many applications they have. an amendment. . . be firmly established in the system. If The question that we tried to ·resolve ·The Clerk read as follows: we do not put it through now it will have in. the subcommitee is, What is the avail­ Amendment offered by Mr. HINSHAw: Page to wait another year. If we wait any ability of material? What difference 27, line 7, . strike out "$27,000" and insert longer it will take more than that -be­ d.oes it make whether they have a billion "$817,000." cause it takes a year to install this equip­ dollars in applications, if there is no cop­ ment and another year to test it. .It is per, if there is no steel, if there is no ·Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chair­ a postwar project which needs to · be aluminum? That was the one consider­ man, I ask unanimous consent that all started now and is of vital importance to ation that dictated·the reduction of this debate on this paragraph and all amend­ avlation. item in the subcommittee from $160,000,- -ments thereto close in 10 minutes. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ 000, which was the Budget estimate, to The CHAIRMAN. Is there o_bj ection nizes the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. to the request of the gentleman from .$120,000,000. GANNON] . I voted for the $120,000,000, as I think Missouri? Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chair­ most of the members of the subcommit- . There was no objection. man, according to the testimony sub­ tee did, and that is why I am · for the Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Chairman, this mitted by the departmental representa­ amendment that ·is on the desk at the item came before the House in the form tives appearing before the committee, pr£sent time. · of an amendment when the regular Com­ this amendment is the proverbial camel's I did want to say before leaving the merce Department appropriation bill nose beneath the tent. In attempting to floor, however, in justice to and in de­ was before the House some time ago. justify this expenditure; they have been fense of my chairman the gentleman The committee handling that matter, · frank to say their ultimate program pro­ fi·om Georgia [Mr. TARVER]-if he needs which is ·headed by the gentleman from vides for the establishment of this sys- · . Michigan [Mr. RABAUT] made some in­ tern between New York and Washington any defense, and I do not believe he quiry concerning this item and then did does-tha~ the observations which. he for the year and then next year, if it made on this floor are exactly right. The not include it because it was not then proves successful, as it of course will, testimony before the Subcommittee on included in the Budget. I had discussed they then propose to extend it to all Agricultural Appropriations was that the matter subsequent to that time with trunk routes throughout the United REA spent only a very small sum of the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. States. money, and that information was in the RABAUT] and he indicated when the The cost of such installation would be possession of the Bureau of the Budget Budget brought in the item he would not fabulous. at the time; so the judge is right. But disapprove it. Now the Budget has To install facilities for this one line I do not agree with hin;t on $50,000,000, brought in the _item but the Deficiency between Washington and New York will because if perchance the material should Committee has disapproved it. cost in excess of three quarters of a mil­ :r:ow become available as priorities are This is for the purpose of establishing lion dollars. You can imagine what the released, then certainly let .us go ahead special mechanical means of handling total cost will be when installed on all with this program. This is, after . all, airway traffic control over a short seg­ major lines throughout the country. loan money, and I. thoroughly agree that ment of the airways of the United States. I · may also say that the facilities pro­ we should do something for the farmers namely, between Washington and New posed to be provided by this amendment of this Nation to see that they get all York. It is a very important item to the have no relation to the wa1' program the benefits of electricity. future of aviation. It is a vei-y- impor­ whatever. Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, will the tant item from the standpoint of testing I trust, Mr. Chairman, that the amend­ gentreman yield? a new device. ment will be reject_ed. Mr. DffiKSEN. I yield to the gentle­ I have discussed this matter before on The CHAIRMAN. The question is on man from Mississippi. the floor of the House. I hope the com-' the amendment offered by the gentleman Mr. RANKIN. That report of the mittee will agree to the item because of · from California [Mr. HINSHAW]. Agricultural Subcommittee on Appro­ its gr.eat importance to the future of The amendment was rejected. priations was rendered before Germany aviation. It is also important from the The Clerk read, as follows: was knocked ·aut of the war, was it not? standpoint of safety. These heavily traveled air· rou.tes are going to have to · General expenses, Marine Corps. 1946, Mt. DIRKSEN. Yes; but the point is $48,680,000. that the information was available to the have some be'tter means' of traffic control . Bureau of the ·Budget at the time when ~ than that which is pr-esently in effect. I . Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chair- . th~ $160,000,000 estimate was prepared know tliat the committee· gave it con- man, at the request of the gentleman · '6860 'CONGRESSIONAB RE.CORD-HOUSE ~UNE 2'1 from Georgia [Mr. VINSON], chairman in the States t>f ' Washington, Or~go:tl, Cali· · for "Necessary s-ervices and-- expe;nsesu may of the Committee on N&val Affairs, I fornia, Nevada, Utah, Nebraska, and Okla­ be transferred by the President to and con­ offer an amendment, which is at the homa." so~idated with any of the .appropriations pro­ Clerk's desk. Sincerely yours, Vided above, except the appropriation for The Clerk read as follows: H. STRUVE HENSEL. "Administrative expenses." Amendment offered by Mr. CANNON of The amendment is legislative in char­ Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chair­ Missouri: Page 32, after line 24, insert" a new acter and for that reason the commit­ man, by di~ection of the committee I paragraph, as follows: tee declined to include it in the bill but offer an amendment, which I ;:;end .to the "GENERAL PROVISION has no objection to its adoption if ap­ desk. "The appropriations of the Naval Estab­ proved by the chairman·of the Committee The Clerk read as follows: lishment for the fiscal. year 1946 shall be on Naval Affairs which has legislative Amendment offered by Mr. CANNON of available :for traveling expenses (including jurisdiction of the subject matter. Missouti: On page 40, line 13, strike out subsistence while awaiting transportation at The CHAIRMAN. The question is on "$1,305,228,000" and insert "$1,805,228,000"; west coast ports) in connection with the the amendment offered by the gentle­ and on page 40, line. 17, strike out .$1,975,- recruitment and placement of civilian per­ 000,000" and insert "$2,475,000,000." sonnel for naval facilities at Pearl Harbor man from Missouri [Mr. CANNON]. and in the States of Washington, Oregon, The amendment was agreed to. Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chair­ Cal1fornia, Nevada, Utah, Nebraska, and :The Clerk read as follows: man, this amendment proposes an in­ Oklahoma." TITLE U-DEFENSE AID--LEND-LEASE crease in the lend-lease funds carried in Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chair­ SEc. 201. To enable the President, during the bill by $500,000,000 in excess of the the fiscal year ending June 30, 1946, through­ man, this amendment is otferea at the re­ Budget estimate. The additional half quest of the gentleman from Georgia, such departments or agencies of the Gov· billio11 dollars is to replace the half bil­ ernment as he may designate, further tq carry lion dollars earmarRed by the committee Mr. VINSON, chairman of the Committee out the provisions of an act to promote the on Naval Affairs, who had expected to defense of the United States, approved March for allocation to the Department of Agri­ submit the amendment but was called 11, 1941, as amended, and for each and every culture for the postwar price support of away before the paragraph could be purpose incident to or necessary therefo,r, the agricultural commodities. The Steagall reached in the reading of the bill. following sums for the following respective act authorizes the support of agricul­ The need for this provision is indicated purposes: tural prices at 90 percent of parity for (a) For the procurement, by manufacture 2 years following the close of the war. in the following letter received from the or otherwise, of defense articles, informa­ Assistant Secretary of the Navy:- · Under this authorization, a reserve of tion, and services, for the government of any $500,000,000 . has been carried in lend­ THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY, country whose defense the President d~ems Washington, May 29, 1945. vital to the defense of the United States, lease funds since 1941. It has never been HON. CLARENCE CANNON, and the disposition thereof, including all necessary to use any of this 'money as Chai1·man, Committee on Appropriations, necessary. expenses in connection therewith, , farm prices have remained consistently House of Representatives, as follows: above 90 percent of parity since the en­ Washington, D. C. Vessels, ships, boats, and other watercraft, actment of the authorization. But the MY DEAR CHAmMAN CANNt>N: Section 113 including the hire and temporary use there­ reserve of half billion dollars has been of the Naval Appropriation Act for the fiscal of, and equipage, supplies, materials, spare maintained subject to the order of the year 1945 contained authority to recruit and parts; and accessories, $666,912,000. Secretary of Agriculture. for the pur­ transport civilian employees in order to keep· Agricultural, industrial, and other com­ up the production and repair programs of the modities and articles, $1,305,228,000. chase. under hjs direction, of sufficient Navy. The estimates for· the fiscal year 1946, (b) For administrative expenses, not commodities to sustain the price of farm as transmitted to Congress by the ~resident, specified or included in the appropriation for products at the minimum ratio specified contained a similar provision, which was "Salaries and expenses, Foreign Economic Ad­ in the statute-90 percent of parity. omitted by the House in reporting out the ministration, 1946", $2,860,000. This year, however, after the estimates 1946 bill. As a 'result. of this action, the De­ (c) In all, $1,975,000,000. had been submitted the Bureau of the · partment has been placed in a cl'itical situa­ (d) Each of the foregoing appropriations Budget, in a confidential letter addressed tion, as the labor turn-over in west coast shall be additional to, and consolidated with, · to the Foreign Economic Administration, plants has been very large: and although the appropriations . for the same purposes, - considerable numbers of men are leaving ·contained in the same respective categories directed that the reserve of $500,000,000, · other industrial activities in that area, they . of appropriation in the Defense Aid Supple­ instead of being kept on the shelf, ·as in are not applying at the naval plants in suf­ mental Appropriation Act, 1941, the Defense former years, should be made av~ilable ficient numbers to carry on the work. It is Aid Supplemental Appropriation Act, 1942, · for general use in the lend-lease pro- · a matter of vital importance to the war ef­ the Second Defense Aid Supplemental Ap­ gram. The result of such dissipation of fort that the west coast repair yards and propriatidn Act, 1942, the Defense Aid Sup­ the fund in the general program would certain ammunition depots and ordnance plemental Appropriation Act, 1943, and the Defense Aid Appropriation Act, 1945, and the have left the Secretary of Agriculture plants in isolated places, such as Hawthorne, without means to maintain farm plices Nev., Hastings, Nebr., Inyokern, Calif., Mc­ appropriations contained in the foregoing Ale&ter, Okla., and the supply depot at Clear­ acts are hereby continued and shall be avail­ had market quotations dropped below field, Utah, be kept up to strength . . As a . able until June 30, 1946, except that $500,- the floor of 90 percent o{ parity. In matter of fact, even now with the authority 000,000 of the total amount thus made avail­ other words, the covenant which the to do such recruitment, the Department is _ able shall be continued to be reserved for Government had entered into with the having difficulty in keeping these plants go­ expenditure, as and when necessary, for the farmers of the country, under the Stea­ ing at the level required. I don't know of any postwar price support of agriculture: Pro­ vided, That with the ex-ception of the appro- · gall act, to maintain prices in eturn for : matter which is more urgent than this. priation for "Administrative---expenses," not expanded production for war purposes, As indicated above, the Bureau of the to exceed 20 percent of any of the fore­ would have been repudiated without Budget had already approved this provision going appropriations may be transferred by notice. for the fiscal year 1946, and have indicated. the President to any other o:J: such appropria­ they approve of the request herein made. Accordingly, the committee restored · tions, but no such appropriation shall be · the reserve by earmarking half billion . In order to meet the wishes of the Con· · increased more than 30 percent thereby: gress, that no unnecessary recruitment take Provided tw·ther, That notwithstanding the dollars of lend-lease funds for the pur­ place, language has been prepared which re­ foregoing proviso ( 1) balances, unobligated pose, thereby reducing by that amount stricts such recruitment to be for those places · as of J'une 30, 1945, and balances subse· the total amount available for the lend­ where critical conditions exist. · quently released from obligation, of appro- · lease program. The pending amend­ It is requested, therefore, that the fol­ priations contained in the fore~oing acts for ment restores the $500,000,000 thus se­ lowing language be included in the second "Ordnance and ordnance stores, supplies, deficiency bill, now under consideration by spare parts, and materials, including armor questered and raises the amount avail­ your commit.tee: and ammunition and components thereof," able for lend-lease to the $1,975,000,000 originally recommended by the Bureau "GE~RAL PROVISION and for "Miscellaneous military equipment, supplies, and materials," may be transferred "The appropriations of the Naval Establish­ of· the Budget for the purpose. by the President to and consolidated with In this way the committee proposes to ment for the fiscal year 1946 shall be avail· the appropriation provided above for "Agri­ able for traveling expenses (including sub· cultural, industrial, and other commodities . continue the reserve of half billion dol­ sistence while awaiting transportation at . and articles"; and (2) balances, unobligated · lars necessary to support postwar farm west coast ports) in connection with the .as of June 30, 1945, and balances subse· prices and at the same time provide the recruitment and pla~ment of civilian per· quently released from obligation, of appro­ full amount of the Budget estimate for sonnel ior naval facillties at Pearl Harbor and pril!-tions contained 1n the fQregolng acts the len:ct-lease program. 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6861

· Mr.. ~ABER. Mr. Chairman, I rise in the country in case the situation arises not used it reverts to the Treasury un­ oppositiOn to the amendment. where our support program has to go less it is reappropriated? Mr. Chairman, I cannot bring myself into operation. Mr. DIRKSEN. Yes. to vote for this amendment. The jus­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Mr. HARRIS. So it has to be reap­ tifications for the lend-lease operations g~ntleman from Massachusetts has ex­ propriated if it is to oe used in case it is are· in such shape I cannot do it. They Pired. needed? do not show what it is proposed will be Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chair­ Mr. DIRKSEN. Yes. sent over next year, and the unexpended man, I ask unanimous consent that all Mr. DWORSHAK. Mr. Chairman, balances are up in the air in such shape debate on this paragraph and all amend­ - will the gentleman yield? that I do not believe I can support the ments thereto close in 5 minutes, to be Mr. DIRKSEN. I yield to the gentle­ al!lendment. ~ith the deliveries they allotted to the gentleman from Illinois man from Idaho. Will have commg out of prior obliga­ [Mr. DIRKSEN]. Mr. DWORSHAK. Is any of this tions they will have at least $6,500,000,- The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to money to be used for postwar rehabilita-­ 000. In my opinion, that gives them all the request of the gentleman from Mis­ tion and relief purposes in Europe? they can ship, and I do not see why souri? Mr. DIRKSEN. Is the gentleman they need this additional $500,000,000. There was no objection. speaking of the general terms of the bill There is no Budget estimate for it. .The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ or the $500,000,000? Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman I mzes the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. Mr. DWORSHAK. The $500,000,000. move to strike out the last word. ' DIRKSEN]. Mr. DIRKSEN. This $500,000,000 has Mr. Chairman, in order that the mem­ Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the pending amendment. been earmarked for a very specific .pur­ bers of the committee may understand pose. It was set out in the Steagall bill. the situation clearly, let me call to your I can endorse everything that the ma­ We devised a formula under which with­ attention the fact that the lend-lease jority leader has said. Then I believe it would be interesting to amplify exactly in a given period of time after the war budget was set up for the minimum. ends a floor shall be kept under basic amount possible; I think it was a little how this situation is provoked. commodities and a comparable price un­ over $4,000,000,000, about· $4,300,000,000 When the Foreign Economic Adminis­ der those commodities that may not be or thereabouts. In past bills the com­ tration appeared before the subcommit­ regarded as basic. Maybe it will take mittee always reported out $500,000,000 tee their top figure for operations dur­ $500,000,000, maybe it will not, maybe· for postwar prices for farmers to meet ing 1946 was $4,375,000,000. In order to no money will be required for that pur­ the support prices, but they have always d_etermige what their direct appropria­ pose, but we did not want to be put in added that $500,000,000 to the amount tion should be, you first ascertain, if you the position of coming back to the House reported out for lend-lease so that if the can, the unobligated balances, deduct and Senate at some future time if that conditions.arose where the support price that amount, then make" a direct appro­ sit:tation should arise, and asking for program started._ into operation the $500,- priation accordingly, . which, of course, this money. It is far better to leave it 000,000 would be available to. carry out would give them the necessary amount. on the shelf and .if it is not used it will our legislative commitments to the farm­ That was done. revert to the Treasury. ers of the country. I approve of that After the bill. had been completed, it Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, and I think it is a very wise thing to do; was discovered that $500,000,000 which heretofore had been in this fund and will the gentleman yield? but they always added the $500 000 000 Mr. DIRKSEN I yield to the gentle­ in past bills to lend-lease approprlati~ns. ~hich was earmarked for shoring prices m the postwar period for agricultural man from Ohio. In the bill reported out they failed to · Mr. VORYS. Why is it that this is do that. They provided · for the $500,- commodities, had suddenly ·at the in­ stance of the Budget Bureau been made carried in lend-lease? If it-has to do with 000,000 as a fund to meet our postwar ~ur domestic program why is it carried obligations to the farmers but they took available in this balance and, as a re­ sult, this money would not have been m lend-lease and administered by FEA? it from the lend-lease appropriations. Mr. DIRKSEN. That ha:s been a mat­ All the committee amendment does is to available for the purposes Congress had in mind when it passed the Steagall bill ter of some speculation and curiosity.~ safeguard the farmers' interest but not My ~wn answer is that the Foreign Eco­ at the expense of lend-lease appropria­ several years ago. So the subcommittee thereupon simply took out this $500 000 - nomic Administration carried on anum­ tions and to prO\!'ide just the same as we ber of operatiops in foreign fields, in­ have in the bills of past years. It would 000. I objected at the time. I th~ught it was entirely unfair, for the very good cluding a stabilization endeavor and all add it on to len~-lease rather than take reason that it would leave the Foreign those sorts of things. So there was no it from it. I know my good friend the other appropriate place to put the money gentleman from New York [Mr. TABER] Et:onomic Administration short $500,- 000,000 with which to carry on its work. and I suppose if it became necessary t~ is opposing this more on principle than operate in foreign fields for the purpose in fact. The subcommittee at another meeting this mor~ing, and on the basis of the of stabilizing prices, this would be as Mr. TABER. If the gentleman will testimony of Mr. Crowley and some mem­ good a place as any. I can think of no yield, it is because I think they have bers of his ·staff, ·determined that the other reason for it. plenty of money without it. $500,000,000 should be restored. Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Is this to stabi­ Mr. McCORMACK. The fact re­ In consequence the amendment has lize foreign or domestic prices? mains, I believe my friend from New been offered by the gentleman from Mis­ Mr. DIRKSEN. Domestic prices . . York will agree, that without this souri and I hope it will be adopted be­ Mr. VORYS of Ohio. This House has amendment there would be a reduction cause it serves two purposes. The 'first just voted to centralize all of that in of $500,000,000 taken out of lend-lease purpose is to keep on the shelf the $500,- the Department of Agriculture. To one this year to carry out obligations to the 000,000 that has been earmarked to sta­ not on the Appropriations Committee farmers, whereas in past years it was bilize farm prices and put a floor under th~s. is the most cock-eyed idiotic prop~ added to the bill. I do not think we them in case the impact on our postwar osition I ever heard of, to stick into lend­ want to have this bill enacted with the economy is such that it will force the lease, which has life of 1 year some­ present provision as reported by the prices down; and, secondly, it will give thing that is to be used in the' future. committee, which includes this amount the Lend-Le£~, se Administration the It is ope of those things that if you want at the expense of lend-lease. We are money it will need during the fiscal year to do it, do it. I certainly' think the -all in favor of the $500,000,000 as a re­ 1946. amendment should be defeated and the serve for farmer support prices, but it Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Chairman, will the Appropriations Committee told to go should be added to the lend-lease ap­ gentleman yield? ba~k and bring in here something right. propriation. The adoption of the pend­ :ry.Ir. DIRKSEN. I yield to the gentle­ Mr. DIRKSEN. My friend from Ohio ing amendment will accomplish that fact man from Arkansas. ought to remember that we have carried and do what the Congress has done in Mr. HARRIS. Do I understand the this in the bill for at least 3 years; so bygone days; that is, add the $500,000,- gentleman to say that heretofore $500,- it does no harm to carry it in this bill 000 to the lend-lease appropriation and 000,000 has been appropriated for this now. I urge adoption of this amend- - hav~ it there to protect the farmers of purpose for the postwar and since it was ment. .6862 "CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 27 The CHAIRMAN. The. time of the This amendment simply provides that ·· Mr. CANNON _of Missouri. Mr. Chair­ gentleman from Illinois has expired. when food is delivered to these countries man, I move that the Committee do now The question is on the amendment of- who need the food and who have the re­ rise and report the bill back to the House fered by the gentleman from Missouri. sources to pay for it, that they shall pay with sundry amendments thereto, with The amendment was agreed to. for it on terms and conditions of sale pre­ the recommendation that the amen!i­ The Clerk read as follows: scribed by the President. That language ments "be agreed to and th~t the bill as SEc. 202. Any defense article, information, is copied from the- lend-lease amend­ amended do pass. or service proc\lred from funds appropriated ment which we passed this year. There The motion was agreed to. by this title or prior acts appropriating funds is this simple proposition: Either these Accordingly the Committee rose; and to the President for the purpose of carrying countries are going to pay for it or go in the Speaker having resumed the chair, out the provisions of said act of March 11, debt for it or we are going to pay for it or Mr. WHITTINGTON, Chairman of the 1941, as amended, shall be retained by or transferred: to and for the use of such de­ go in debt for it. If postwar food for Committee of the Whole House on the partment or agency of the Unit~d States as these countries is a legitimate project of state of the Union, reported that that the President may determine, in lieu of being lend-lease aft~r the amendment we have Committee having had under consider­ disposed of to a foreign government, when.. made to the law, then there is no limit ation the bill (H. R. 3579) making ap­ ever in the judgment of the President the to lend-lease and it becomes a postwar propriations to supply deficiencies in defense of the United States will be best lunch-counter system. These nations certain appropriations for the fiscal year served thereby: Provided further, That none should be too proud to accept their gro­ ending June 30, 1945, and for prior fis­ of the funds appropriated in this title shall be u...c:ed for the payment of any subsidy on cery. bill from the United States even cal years, to provide supplemental ap­ agricultural products produced in the conti­ though they may have to get their gro­ propriations for the fiscal years ending nental United States nor for the purchase ceries here. We should, in rehabilitating June 30, 1945, and June 30, 1946, to pro­ or distribution of any food products for use Europe, help to rehabilitate not only vide appropriations for the fiscal year in Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands. their diet but their self-respect, and these ending June 30, 1946, and for other pur­ Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, countries that can afford to pay for this poses, liad directed him to report the bill I offer an amendment. food should be required to pay for it. As back to the House with sundry amend­ The Clerk read as follows: far as European Russia is concerned, the ments thereto,- with the recommenda­ hearings developed that food shipments tion that the amendments be agreed to Amendment offered by Mr. VoaYs of Ohio: Page 42, after line 17, strike out the period, to European Russia have been stopped. and that the bill as amended do pass. insert a comma and the following: ((Pro­ So we come down to a very simple prop­ Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Speak­ vided, further, That no part of any appropria­ osition under this amendment and that er, I move the previous question. tion contained in title n shall be used for is merely whether the countries that need The previous question was ordered. the procurement of food for any European food of some kind for postwar purposes The SPEAKER. Is a separate vote de­ country not paid for on terms and conditions should pay for it or whether we should manded on any amendment? If n_ot, of sale prescribed by the President." pay for it. UNRRA, which this House the Chair will put them en gross. Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, helped to create, has fallen down on its The amendments were agreed to. this amendment would carry out the r~lief job. Since we contribute two­ The SPEAKER. The question is on principle contained in the lend-lease thirds of the supply and have the head the engrossment and third reading of amendment which we put in the bill this management of UNRRA, we should get the bill. · year which .was passed by both Houses, busy and make UNRRA work and carry The bill was ordered to be engross·ed and which President Truman while Vice on its relief job rather than using the and read a third time and was read the President voted on in the Senate because loophole in the Lend-Lease Act, which third time. it was a tie vote, and which he signed was deliberately left in there for transi­ The SPEAKER. The question is on as Vice President and later as President. tion purposes, as a method of turning the passage of the bill. He expressed the principle of this lend-lease into a postwar relief mechan­ Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I amendment in the letter to a group of ism. ask unanimous consent that further us recently, which I mentioned earlier Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chair­ consideration of the bill be postponed today, in this language: man, I ask unanimous consent that de­ until tomorrow. I am, of course, in full agreement with you bate on this amendment and all amend­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to that the Lend-Lease Act does not authorize ments thereto close in 1 minute. the request of the gentleman from Mas­ aid for purposes of postwar relief, postwar · The CHAffiMAN. Is there objection sachusetts? rehabilitation, or postwar reconstruction, and to the request of the gentleman from There was no objection. that in the liquidation of any lend-lease war Missouri? supply agreements, articles transferred after There was no objection. FURTHER MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE they are no longer necessary for the prosecu­ The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ A further message from the Senate, tion of the war should be disposed of only on terms of payment. nizes the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. by Mr. Frazier, its legislative clerk, an­ CANNON]. nounced that the Senate had passed a That principle is written into the Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chair­ bill of the following title, in which the French, the Belgian, and the Dutch man, this amendment is so out of place concurrence of the House is requested: agreements. Those three countries are in the pending bill, would so disrupt S. 937. An act to amend the act su&pend-:­ getting lend-lease food under this bill diplomatic negotiations now pending, tng until June 30, 1945, the running of the and presumably are paying for it under that I am certain no one here would-want statute of limitations applicable to viola­ this principle. According to the hear­ to act on it on such superficial considera­ tions of the antitrust laws, so as to continue ings there is about a billion dollars' worth tion as we are able to give it here on the such suspension until June 30, 1946. of food to be distributed in Europe under floor. The committee should insist on HOUR OF MEETING TOMORROW this appropriation we are voting on it being taken up at some more appro­ Mr. McCORMACK. ·Mr. Speaker, ask today. This amendment would provide priate time and place. I ask that the unanimous consent that when the House that such food, being obviously not for amendment be rejected. adjourns today it adjourn to meet to­ use in the Japanese war but being a post­ The CHAIRMAN. The question is on . morrow at 11 o'clock. war supply, to prevent discontent and the amendment offered by the gentleman The SPEAKER. Is there objection to political unrest in Europe, shall be paid from Ohio [Mr. VORYSl. the request of the gentleman from for by the countries receiving it. The The amendment was rejected. countries who receive it are France, Bel­ Massachusetts? Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. There was no objection. gium, Holland, and Norway, all of which Chairman, the remainder of the bill is are labeled under UNRRA as being coun­ purely stereotype matter. I therefore, ' TEMPORARY INCREASE IN POSTAL RATES tries who said that they could pay for ask unanimous consent that the re­ Mr. DOUGHTON of North Carolina their own relief. The United Kingdom mainder of the bill be considered as read. submitted a conference report and state­ will receive about $775,000,000 worth of The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection ment on the joint resolution (H. J. Res. food. Possibly not all of it is to be de­ to the request of the gentleman from 184) to continue temporary increases in livered to Europe as this amendment Missouri? postal rates on first-class matter, and for would provide. There was no objection. other purposes. 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6863 CONFERENCE REPORT ON SENATE JOINT tion with the planting, cultivating, and har­ ness of this country. They have helped make RESOLUTION 30 vesting of crops, but also with storing, proc­ it great. They have fought in its battles from essing, transporting to shipside, repacking, the beginning. Mr. SPENCE. Mr.' Speaker, I ask and loading on ships. Throughout my legislative. career and in unanimous consent that the conferees on Then, too, we have had the problems of re­ my administrative experience, I have wanted the part of the House on Senate Joint quirements, allocations, lend-lease and sup­ to consult them and to leave the largest pos­ Resolution 30 may have until 12 o'clock port price purchases and combined food board sible discretion and management in their midnight tonight to file a conference re·­ operations. hands. I have fought for the local commit­ port and statement for printing under Few people outside our own organization tee systems in connection with all major poli­ the rule. have any conception of the many difficulties cies, and in my judgment this is why they involved. The fact that we have had the have lived. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to best-fed Army that ever marched to battle The Department of Agriculture will remain the request of the gentleman from Ken­ and the best-fed Navy that ever sailed the great only so long as it remains true to the tucky? seas, a werl-fed civilian population, and at farmers. There was no objection. the same· time have sent millions of tons to In the processes of free government, you EXTENSION OF REMARKS our fighting allies, is abundant proof of a have been trusted with their interests. I well-done job. have every confidence you will prove faith­ Mr. HAVENNER asked and was given In the aftermath the hardships will be for­ ful. permission to extend his remarks in the gotten and only the fine memories will re­ I came to this organization on leave of AppendiX of the RECORD. main. I assure you of my deep affection for absence to do a wartime assignment. I did Mr. MANSFIELD of Texas was given . each of you. not seek the place. I did not wish it. I We have all endeavored to fit our programs came as a soldier would go at the request of permis:ion to extend his remarks in the into _changing conditions and demands. RECORD. his commander. I am proud of the record Changes are especially significant in war­ of · the War Food Administration. ·It will Mr. GORDON asked and was given time. We meet and mingle together as hu­ compare favorably with that of any other permission to extend his remarks in the man beings, each with his own peculiar war agency. With an Army and Navy fight­ RECORD and include an article which ap­ whims, talents, and philosophy. These must ing in hundreds of places on land, on sea, peared in the Washington Evening Star all be woven into a pattern of harmony in a and in the air all over the world, with the and comments made by Foreign Eco­ spirit of tolerance if worthwhile results are hundreds of problems arising from the grass nomic Administrator, Leo Crowley. to be attained. roots all the way to the battle fronts, with T~ere is nothing static in nature. We go the "feeding of ·our people who have forged COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY forward or we deteriorate and die. All natui:e the weapons for that Army and Navy, and Mr. BRYSON. Mr. Speaker, by direc­ is growth and decay and regrowth sometimes with the necessity of helping to feed our tion of the chairman of the Committee in finer form. allies, the liberated areas and war prisoners, on the Judiciary, I ask unanimous con­ We do bes;t when we master material things not a single battle has had to be postponed and bend them to the higher spiritual pur­ for want of food, and no one in our country sent to have until midnight tonight to pose. has gone hungry. On that record we stand file a report on. H. R. 3587. . When a man lifts up his eyes and looks be­ ready at all times to be judged. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to yond the mechanics of the universe, he truly May 1' say again how much I appreciate the request of the gentleman from South begins to grow. He looks back over the re­ this fine group of men. You have been Carolina? ceding road of the past and then forward long suffering and kind to me. You have through the clouds that overhang the future. covered my mistakes with the mantle of There was no objection. · Beneath and above things he seeks the law­ WAR FOOD ADMINISTRATOR, MARYIN charity and carried on. You are the an­ not temporary, man-made rules, but the uni­ nointed people in a great mission. The JONES AND FIRST ASSISTANT TO THE versal law. He wants to know how the earth scepter of· authority is passing from my grasp WAR FOOD ADMINISTRATOR, GROVER was formed and the stars were made. He to what I hope may prove to be more worthy B. HILL knocks at the very gates of heaven and asks hands. I know you will continue to be loyal why. Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask to your great calling. I wish for each of you Some of you may think that I have been the most of the best of everythtng that is unanimous consent to address the House too insistent in these staff meetings. But I worthwhile in -the years to come. for 1 minute, and revise and extend my have only sought to light the torch of worth­ while things in which you are privileged to My first assistant has been Grover B. Hill, remarks and include some statements by my friend since boyhood days. Marvin Jones and Grover B. Hill. play a vital part. I am proud of this ·staff membership. I have great faith in your abil­ Few men know agriculture and livestock as · The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ity and integrity as individuals and as a does Grover Hill. No one knows the organ­ the' request of the gentleman from group. You have been generous to me per­ ization of the Department of Agriculture Texas? sonally, but what is far more important, you better than he does. He has been with it There was no objection. have been faithful to the cause of agri­ 11 years. He has more friends in and out Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, this week culture--to the men and women in distant of the Department than any man I know. two of the most popular men in the Gov­ places wl}o produce the basic wealth of our The people out in the far stretches of this country. country who are engaged in the actual pro­ ernment service will leave the War Food duction of food have complete confidence in Administration. !'refer to Han. Marvin May I express the hope that down the long lane of the future, when transportation fa­ him. Expressions of regret· that he is leaving Jones and his assistant, Han. Grover B. cilities are less limited, you may take every have been many. Hill. This morning they had their last opportunity of close contact with the people staff meeting. Each made a statement at of the farm and ranch-and · listen to the STATEMENT BY GROVER B. HILL AT LAST WAR this meeting, as follows: philosophy of the men and women who ll~e FOOD ADMINISTRATOR'S STAFF MEETING, STATEMENT BY MARVIN JONES AT LAST WAR FOOD close to nature, who in their daily work meet WEDNESDAY, JUNE 27, 1945 ADMINISTRATOR'S ST.Iii'F MEETING, WEDNESDAY, her face to face, and who somehow seem It has been a real opportunity and privilege JUNE 27, 1945 closer to the stars. You can learn much from to have served in as great and as important them. . an undertaking as the War Food Administra­ This is the last staff meeting I shall attend Then, too, they are the people we repr~­ as War Food Administrator. · tion at a time when civilization itself was sent. It is easy to listen to the siren voices hanging in the balance and when so much It has been an interesting experience and of those who would have us forget that fact. I have enjoyed the responsibilities and the depended on food. Farm people are in faraway places, but the Thr. production of food has been our pri­ work which you have shared with me during future of our country is anchored in their these two great war years. heart purposes. "When tillage begins1 the· mary objective. That objective has been It is with sincere regret that my intimate other arts follow; the farmers, therefore, are achieved. No one has gone· hungry. Not a association with the truly remarkable men the founders of human civilization." single battle lias had to be postponed on account of food. Our fighting forces have who compose this staff is to be ended. All through my life I hav~ tried to remain We have had difficulties, we have had close to the soil; for there is found the setting been the best fed that ever fought a war. problems, we have had headaches, we have for wisdom's. jeweled ring. There is some­ Our task has been far from easy. All the had differences of opinion. thing in contact with the earth that tends difficulties incident to a great ·war have had But almost without exception when de­ to build character-and I have needed a good to be met and surmounted. · cisions have been made, we have had team­ deal of building. Farm people live close to There were no blueprints or maps ·to work in carrying out our programs. nature and therefore close to God. Of all follow. There was no one to ask who knew. On the brave sh!')Ulders of you men has people, they come nearest to being free. They There was no time for trial and error. We rested the responsibility for our wartime food believe in liberty, equality, manhood, fair were sailing unchartered seas, and had to supplies during the greatest war in all his­ play, and freedom from every form of new steer by dead reckoning. We have been most tory, and of helping to solve some of the and old world caste and privilege, and from fortunate that our ship was captained· by a gravest problems that ever met human in­ the tyranny of wealth and birth. They man of judgment and courage. Yes; we have telligence. These arose not only in connec- swung the first axe that rang in the wilder• been fortunate to have had Marvin Jones 6864 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 27 for our captain. Leadership is always 1m~ remarks in the RECORD and to include a trary on the part of the Government. portant, but when you are doing somethh:ig letter. However, I find that generally service new it becomes all the more important. Mr. CASE of South Dakota asked and records have not been considered, that Marvin Jones took the wheel on June 28, 1943. He chartered the course and pointed the way. was given permission to include in his the histories of the military units in He avoided details until over-all policies remarks made in Committee of the Whole which veterans served in war are hardly could be determined. His first step was to today an excerpt from a letter. ever included in the files of the veterans remove all restrictions, with the one excep~ Mr. HAGEN asked and was given per­ whose cases are under consideration. tion of tobacco, that might hamper produc­ mission to extend his remarks and to One national service officer of a veterans' tion. He called for all-out production of include a speech by Roy F. Henderson of organization who daily handles dozens of food. He got it. His watchword has been Chicago on the food problem in Europe. veteran cases informed me that he had production. He has fought waste. He has The SPEAKER. Under previous order never seen any record or notatio1,1 of the called on everybody to share scarce food of the House the gentleman from Cali­ type of service through which a man had with others. He not only has asked for all~ out production but he has worked hard to fornia [Mr. VOORHIS] is recognized for passed, nor had he known an instance make it possible. 15 minutes. where a service record of a veterans' He has asked for and obtained appropri~ PUBLIC LAW NO. 361 unit was given real consideration. An­ other service officer told me that he had ations for support prices. He has been suc­ Mr. VOORHIS of California. Mr. cessful in this. The $5,000,000,000 appro~ never seen in a veteran's case file any priation for Commodity Credit Corporation Speaker, the Seventy-seventh Congress history of his outfit, nor had he heard of is eloquent testimony to his work. He has passed a law known ·as Public Law 361, a rating board indicating intention to fought for prices that have made it possible which reads as follows: consider it. for the farmers to continue to produce. He Be it enacted, etc., That the Administrator I shall only say that in this case the has never faltered nor looked back. He has of V-eterans' Affairs is hereby authorized and never considered how a decision would affect procedure of the Veterans' Administra­ directed to include in the regulations per­ tion· is clearly not in accord· with the him perspnally. His only yardstick has been taining to service connection of disabilities "Is it to the best interest of the war effort?" additional provisions in effect requiring that intent of Congress in passing this law. The production of food does not consist in each case where a veteran is seeking sen~­ Someone in the Veterans' Administra­ altogether of growing it in the fields, it must ice connection for any disability due con­ tion, indeed someone connected with be processed, transported, and distributed. sideration shall be given to the places, types, every rating board in the country, should When you consider that all this had to be and circumstances of his service as shown be made responsible for seeing that the done for a fighting force of 13,000,000 men by his service record, the official history of histories and service records of military fighting all around the world, for a Nation each organization in which he served, his of 130,000,000 people, and in addition sup­ organizations involved should be in­ ples for our allies, then we begin to realize medical records, and all pertinent medical cluded in the files of veterans whos'e the importance of the undertaking that you and lay evidence. cases are under consideration. and I have been connected with and have In the case of any veteran who engaged in Beyond this Public Law 361 aimed to had a part in. You have been the generals combat with the enemy in active service with a military or naval organization of the _United strengthen and make niore definite the who have put the plans into effect and made right of disabled veterans to present evi­ them work. The best evidence that you have States during some war, campaign, or expedi~ done a good job is the fact that today nearly tion, the Administrator of Veterans' Affairs dence in their own cases in addition to everything that could have been done 'has is authorized and directed to accept as suffi­ evidence developed by the staff of the been done. The greater majority of things cient proof of service connection of any dis­ Veterans' Administration. It was the In­ you have fought for and worked for during ease or injury alleged to have been incurred tent of Congress to be of assistance to the past 2 years are now in effect. You can in or aggravated by service in such war, cam-; those veterans whose official medical rec­ well be proud of your record. The best paign, or expedition, satisfactory lay or other ords are not complete and to give to them proof of your success is that each year has evidence of service incurrence or aggrava­ been an all-time high in production. To be tion of such injury or disease, if consistent an opportunity to more readily establish sure, someone might contend .that things with the circumstances, conditions, or hard­ service connection in cases where ex~ could have been different, but does anyone ships of such service, notwithstanding the aminations by the Veterans' Administra-­ know whether that way would have been fact that there is no official record of such tion may not be as thorough as they better or produced more food? The organ!~ incurrence or aggravation in such service, should be. It is the clear intent of the zation is in good shape. It is a great organ­ and, to that end, shall resolve every reasona­ law to require- that all lay or medical ization with as fine a personnel as could be ble doubt in favor of such veteran: Provided,· evidence properly substantiated in con­ found anywhere. I am proud to have had That service connection of such injury or the privilege of serving with you. The road disease may be rebutted by clear and convinc­ nection with the case be given due con­ should be easier from here out. With the ing evidence to the contrary. The reasons sideration in determination Of service wealth of experience and information that for granting or denying service connection connection, which is another way of stat~ you have, you are no longer sailing on un­ in each such case shall be recorded in full. ing that such evidence must be accepted charted seas. Farm machinery will be more Approved, December 20, 1941. at its face value. In practice, however, plentiful, labor easier to obtain, more ferti­ we find that statements of physicians, lizer available, insecticides in better supply, It happens that I was the author of rubber and gasoline easier to get. I don't this bill in the House and I have perhaps however competent, who are not on the mean that :-our troubles are over. Far from more than the usual interest in seeing staff of the Veterans' Administration are it. The people will be more restless at that the law is carried out by the Veter­ frequently almost completely disregarded restraints. They will be less patient when ans' Administration iri accordance with and at the very least are discounted in shortages occur. Yes, there will be head­ an unwarrant~d fashion, compared to aches, but you will know how to handle them. the intent of Congress. the findings of Veterans' Administration And looking back, I have no regrets. If I I have asked for this time in order to had the same road to travel again, I think I state that on the basis of extensive doctors themselves. The actual practice would do the same t:bings that I have done inquiries of service officers connected of rating boards seems to be to virtually under similar circumstances. · ignore outside medical affidavits and to with various veterans' organizations and give consideration to the opinions o;f EXTENSION OF REMARKS investigation of a large number of indi­ vidual cases, I can come to only one con­ Veterans' Administration doctors alone. Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin asked and clusion: That the Veterans' Administra- I am informed by men who have been was given permission to extend the re­ . tion has fallen far short of carrying out daily in contact with the adjudication of marks he made in Committee of the the intent of Congress with regard to the veteran cases that affidavits made from Whole and to include certain tables and operation of Public Law 361. memory are frequently ruled out even a letter. The principal purposes of Congress in though made by a man who served right Mr. GOODWIN asked· and was given enacting Public Law 361 was to require next to a veteran in combat and actually permission to extend his remarks in the by statute that due consideration be saw him fall before the fire of the enemy._ REcoRD and include an editorial. given to the service record of the military · Under the law. in my opinion, acceptance Mr. LATHAM asked and was given organization in which each veteran has of such affidavits as evidence is manda­ permission to revise and extend the re~ served. For the law states in effect that tory. But it appears that the only kind marks he made in Committee of the if that organization passed through ex­ of affidavits that are being generally ac~ Whole and to include a reprint from the periences in war which could reasonably cepted in cases under Public Law 361 New York Sun. have caused the disability from which are those bearing upon specific dates and Mr. WOODRUFF of Michigan (at the veteran su1Iers, then that disability events which are generally known. Ob­ the request of Mr. CASE of South Dakota) should be rated as service connect-ed in viously this so delimits the field in which was granted permission to extend his the absence of poSitive proof to the con- a veteran can present effective evidence 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6865 from those with whom he served or from pursuant to the provisions of this service periodic check-ups. But there have been those who treated him immediately after letter, monetary benefits if otherwise in or­ cases where the Veterans' Administration service as to virtually nullify the· intent der shall be authorized effective in accord­ ance with existing procedure. has held it cannot accept one of these of Congress as to this law. Again the 5. Particular attention is invited toR. and men into a hospital because there is no controlling evidence is always that fur­ P. R-1031 (D) requiring a complete explana­ official evidence of a service-connected nished by the medical staff of the Vet­ tion of the reasons for granting or denying disability. Now up to the time of dis­ erans' Administration. service connection, in cases where the vet­ charge, perhaps, no disability has ap­ Perhaps the explanation of what has eran engaged in combat with the enemy, to peared, but the doctors themselves say happened to Public Law 361 is not far R&P 1101 (A), or paragraph 14 (B) of the that they do not know what physical to seek, however. For the instructions service letter, supra, and other instructions governing the preparation of decisions of difficulties may afilict these men in the to the local rating boards from the cen­ rating agencies of original jurisdiction .and future. Unless their type of service, the tral office or" the Veterans' Administra­ of the Board of Veterans' Appeals. Full com­ experiences they have passed through in tiorr were calculated, whether intention­ pliance will be had with these instructions, service, are taken into consideration ex­ ally or not, to cause any self-respecting and, in addition, rating sheets and decisions actly as Public Law 361 requires, these board to do next to nothing about the act of the Board of Veterans' Appeals will bear Air Corps veterans will have a hard time and to go about its business as if Con­ the notation, "Considered under ·Public, No. indeed in establishing their right to serv­ gress had never done anything at all. 361, Seventy-seventh Congress." ice connection for disabilities that may ,The text of the service letter sent out In simple language therefore the in­ show up in the future and be directly with regard to Public Law 361, dated structions were, and are, about as fol­ traceable to high-altitude flying. If 'AprH f4, 1942, is as foilows: lows: First, that passage of Public Law they do, it will be because we have failed 1. In order that the adjudicating agencies 361 amounted to no more than enactment to insist upon carrying out the clear in­ of the Veterans' Administration may have into law of a policy which the Veterans' tent of Public Law 361 and have per­ the fullest possible knowledge of the reasons Administration has followed all along; mitted the presence or absence of offi­ for and intent of Public, No. 361, Seventy­ second, that if, however, any local rat­ cial notations on medical records to be seventh Congress, there is attached hereto a ing board believes it has not followed almost the sole factor in the determina­ copy of the report of the Committee on tion of service connection. Few of these World War Veterans' ·Legislation, which ac­ that policy, then' third, it can in effect companied H. R. 4905, enacted into law as declare it has failed in the past to do flyers . will .have any such notations on Public, No. 361, Seventy-seventh Congress. its duty, but fourth, the local board is their records. 2. It will be seen that the report, which not in such a case to correct its own Mr. Speaker, I feel very strongly about was quoted in full "in the report of the Sen­ error but instead is to send the case to this matter and unless it is possible-to ate Finance Committee on the same bill, the central office in Washington for re­ obtain correction of this situation so that indicates the purpose and intent of the act view. this law will be administered as Congress to place in brief legislative form the policies It is quite clear, is it not, that the local intended, I shall.press for enactment of of the Veterans' Administration governing boards are going to have to be pretty further legislation which will achieve the determination of service connection, with courageous people to tell central office results which we thought we were particular referen~e to those persons who achieving in the passage of Public Law engaged in combat with 'the enemy during a that they have been violating an estab­ war, campaign, or expedftion. These include li.shed policy and since that policy is now 361. At least one such bill that I have the acceptance of satisfactory lay and other enacted into law they are sending a cer­ already introduced is H. R. 150, the text evidence consistent with circumstances and tain case up to central office so it can of which I ask consent to include here­ conditions of such service notwithstanding correct the wrong action of the local with. It will be seen that under the absence of official record of injury, the reso­ rating board. It is also true that cases terms of this bill the local rating board lution of reasonable doubt, and the recorda­ would itself have the power to review tiun in writing of the reasons for granting which were sent up to central office by the local rating boards in the early days claims where service connection of dis­ or denying service connection in each such ability has been denied. And if the local case; This does not contemplate or require just after this act was passed were almost a general review, but fndlvidual cases will be universally turned down-that is cen­ board determined that in any such cases reviewed at the request of the claimant or tral office refused to make any adjust­ service connection should be and is estab­ his representative. ment in such cases. After this had hap­ lished under present laws and regula­ 3. Upon receipt of a request for review of a pened a certain number of times it was tions, then it could on its own motion claim under the amended regulations, the only natural that the local boards should correct the previous denial and make case will be referred to the rating agency, seek to save themselves the embarrass­ appropriate awards to the veterans. This whose decision will be in conformity with bill would also, it will be seen, give the R. and P. R-1009 (A), or paragraph 14 (b) (1) ment of being further rebuffed by cen­ tral office on cases referred to it under veteran an appeal to the United States Vetel·ans• Administration service letter, Ad­ district court in the district wherein he ministrator's office, dated March 1, 1941, on the terms of Public Law 361 and the resides from a decision of the Veterans' t~e subject Decentralization of Authority to service letter covering it. To some of · Adjudicate Claims * * * in the event the other results of this policy on the Administration which he believed to be it is determined that a reversal of the prior part of the Veterans' Administration I contrary to law or in violation of his decision is obviously warranted by clear and have previously referred. rights under the law. unmistakable error shown by the evidence in Of course the fact is that there were A bill to authorize such procedure as to the file at the time the prior decision was ren­ . adjudication of claims for benefits admin­ dered. In cases where clear and unmistak­ decidedly new elements in Public Law istered through the Veterans' Administra­ able error is not found and the rating agency 361, elements which anyone familiar with tion as is designed to assure an equitable is, nevertheless, ·of the opinion that a re­ procedure in these service-connection ·evaluation of all facts and factors perti­ vision or an amemiment o:f the previous de­ cases from the veteran's side readily nent· to the claim, and for other purposes ctsion is warranted on the facts of record, recognizes. Had the boards been given Be it enacted, etc., That the Administrator the case will be submitted to the director of any leg to stand on, such as. even a sim­ of Veterans' Affairs is hereby authorized and the service concerned, under R. and P. R-1009· ple statement to the effect that this was directed to promulgate regulations decentral­ (B) or paragraph 14 (B) of the service letter, izing authority to -the adjudicative agencies supra; if the director of the service con­ a new law passed by Congress and that past procedure must be reconciled with in the field whereby upon request by a vet­ cerned is in agreement with the rating eran or his representative, such field agency agency of original jurisdiction, monetary it, then veterans might have benefited shall be authorized to review any claim benefits authorized by virtue of such deter­ substantially from the act_ion of Con­ wherein service connection of disability has mination made pursuant to the provisions of gress. As it is the benefits have been been denied and if determination is made by this service letter shall,-if otherwise in or­ few and far between. such field agency that in their opinion, serv­ der, be made effective as of' the date of sub­ And yet· this very measure fits perfectly ice connection is established under the laws mission of the claim to the director of the certain circumstances arising out of the and regulations, in accordance with the in­ service concerned. present war. Many a discharged airman tent underlying enactment of the act of De~ 4. The veteran and his representative will has been told by the doctors examining cember 20, 1941 (Public Law No. 361, 77th be informed of t he decision rendered by the Cong.), monetary benefits shall be awarded rating board and of the right to appeal him at the time of discharge that med­ without regard to previous denial and with­ then~from notwithstanding the fact that the ical science does not yet know, what the out the necessity for securing approval of previous rating of record has become final. effect of flying at high altitudes may be central offi.ce. · In. t11ose cases where the right of appeal is upon a man's subsequent physical con­ SEc. 2. The Administrator of Veterans' Af­ exercis-ed timely and a favorable decision is dition. These men are told upon dis­ fairs is hereby authorized· and directed to rendered by the Board 'of Vete1·ans'. Appeals, charge from the Air Corps to report for promulgate regulations _governing procedure 6866 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~HOUSE JUNE 27 on appeal from denial of claims for benefits any part· of the capitalization in excess attached to and a part of the Bank­ under laws administered by the Veterans' of the value of the debtor's property may ruptcy Act, it is in nowise a bankruptcy Administration which shall require prepara .. tion by each rating agency of the Veterans' be converted into no-par stock at the statute. It was enacted to expedite re­ Administration of original jurisdiction of a rate of one share for each $100 of such organizations· of railroads whose prop­ brief on appeal in each compensation or excess. This would give stockholders erty, unlike other properties, cannot be pension claim, prepared for submission to the who were wiped out or "liquidated" an sold and the proceeds distributed among Board of Veterans' Appeals. Each brief on opportunity to participate in the future the creditors. The Chicago & North appeal shall contain a complete resume of earnings if any, of the reorganized com­ Western was hot bankrupt, and, as a the records and other evidence in the par­ pany without in any way jeopardizing the matter of fact, neither are any of the ticular claim relating to the issue or issues rights of the bondholders. involved on appeal, and such resumes shall other railroads now in the process of not incorporate any statement of opinion or The unanimity with which the House reorganization. Its assets exceeded its conclusion on any or all of the evidence by acted on this measure is an indication of liabilities by a wide margin. So, also do any person preparing any such resume, but its realization that abuses do exist and theii·s. Its earnings and· theirs, even shall constitute a factual digest of the can.. that they should be remedied. It was · while in the hands of the courts ex­ tents of each such record, and other evidence. likewise an expression of confidence in . ceeded respective interest requirements. SEc. 3. (a) That any veteran of the United the Committee on the Judiciary, which Ironically section 77 o{ the Bankruptcy States Army, Navy, or Marin:e Corps who shall Act is entitled, "An act for the relief of have served honorably and received an hon­ gave this intricate measure many months orable discharge and who is suffering from of arduous study and as the result there­ debtors.'' Such was the intent of Con­ disability incurred in, or aggravated by, said of had unanimously recommended its gress. It has, however, served as a m1lltary service, or who is permanently and passage to the House of Representatives bludgeon for the extermination of. deb­ totally disabled by reason of non-service­ of the Seventy-eighth and Seventy-ninth tors, the confiscation of their property connected disability, who shall have made ap .. Congresses, respectively. On the day of and the enrichment of their creditors. plication for compensation or pension under Had temporary emergency conditions not the laws as administered by the Veterans' its passage, about 4 months ago, it was · Administration and been denied all or any my privilege to address this House for forced the Chicago & North Western part of such compensation or pension may the purpose of explaining some of its Railway to take refuge in the courts, it appeal from the decision of the Veterans' Ad· features and commenting on some of the would still be owned by its old stock­ ministration to the United States district gross inequities which, to me, seemed holders who would now be receiving the court in the district wherein he resides, which destined to occur in railroad reorganiZa· benefit .of its earnings. court shall hear such appeal ·under the rules tions unless the Hobbs bill became law. A plan of reorganization of this rail­ and regulations thereof. The said Veterans' Administration, through their own attorneys, Among other things, I, at that time, said: road was drafted by the Interstate Com­ shall have the right to present the e'Vidence The large bondholding institutions which merce Commission and submitted to the · on file with them 1n the veteran's claim are able to get together. and protect their United States district cou.rt in -·1940. and con test the case in the regular manner. interests throughout these proceedings, have The plan cut the capitalization ·for the The said veteran, In person or through any reaped a rich reward, for they will own the reorganized railroad to $450,000,000 and person or organization of his own choosing, reorganized companies. They have appeared by so doing failed or refused to recognize shall have the right to present his side of in every case--sometime separately, more its assets by nearly $200,000,000. Ac­ the case on appeal before said court, in the generally as a group consisting of a dozen regular manner. · to a s,core-never more than 25. The result cordingly, certain of its junior creditors (b) The veteran, in the event the court has been victory for them-for the property were forced to suffer a loss of approxi­ gives judgment in his behalf, shall receive is being turned over to them, while little mately $40,000,000 and the stockholders, the same c.ompensation which the law sets stockholders-more than a hundred thou­ prefen:ed and· common, were entirely de­ forth as due him under the laws governing sand in number-have been left out in the nied participation in the securities to be the Veterans' Administration and shall be cold. issued in the reorganization proceedings. entitled further to the sum of $100 as at­ Mr. Speaker, I am neither a prophet The Commission made a finding that torney's fee. for reorganization purposes, "the equities (c) The attorney representing said veteran nor the son of a prophet. Those words shall have no claim on any compensation were neither predictions nor extravagant of both classes of stockholders have no allowed said veteran except the sum of $100, allegations. They were merely reason­ value." In 1943, while the plan of re­ and any agreement looking toward further able deductions of what would inevitably organization was still before the court, comJ1ensation for the attorney of record in there had accumulated in the hands of the case shall be a misdemeanor and pun­ happend based upon what was then tak­ the trustee, ' a ttemendous amount of . ishable by a fine not to exceed $500 or by ing place. It is now possible to brii1g idle cash-approximately $100,000,000- imprisonment not to exceed 2 years, or both, forth specific proof. The exhibit A that enough to pay off a large portion of the in the discretion of the court. I now offer in evidence is that of the senior obligations. Had it been so em­ The SPEAKER. Under previous order reorganization of the Chicago and North ployed, the remaining senior obliga­ of the House, the gentleman from Illinois Western Railway which was completed. tions still outstanding would have been [Mr. REED] is recognized for 45 minutes. on June 1 of last year. so reduced that there would have been On April 30· of this year, the I~eorgan .. available capitalization--even under the RAILROAD REORGANIZATIONS UNDER ized railroad issued its annual report as SECTION 77 OF THE BANKRUPTCY ACT Commission's low figure of $459,000,000- of December 31,1944, from which we may to allot new securities of the reorganized Mr ..REED of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, on now accurately survey the rank injustice railroad to the old debenture holders in February 14 of 'this year the House, with that was perpetrated upon the stock­ full, the old preferred stockholders in only one dissenting vote passed and sent holders of that railroad. During the full and still leave something for the old to the Senate the Hobbs bill (H. R. 37), decade of 1931-40, American railroads to common stockholders. a measure designed to eliminate abuses the extent of fully one-third of our total This situation was brought to the at­ • in railroad reorganizations under sec­ railroad mileage eventually found them­ tention of the Interstate Commerce tion 77 of the Bankruptcy Act. This selves in the hands of the courts. This Commission by the railroad in its peti­ measure, you will recall, provides among was not due to overcapitalization, or tion to them to request of the court a other things, for a judicial review of higher wages or even to decreased earn .. return of the original plan, whereby the plans of reorganization as submitted by ings. It came about because of their opportunity might be accorded of paying the Interstate Commerce Commission inability to market new securities to re­ off a large amount of debts, principal, and it sets up a standard to guide the place bond issues which had matured and interest, at 100 cents qn the dollar Commission in determining the total during the dark days of the depression. and the drafting of a new plan which capitalization of reorganized companies. The Chicago & North Western.was one would reapportion the approved capi­ It provides that total capitalization shall of the railroads thus adversely affected talization of $450,000,000. Thus the not be reduced if it does not exceed either and, being unable to meet its obligations senior creditors and the debentures the actual .investment in the property or on their due date, was forced to file a would have been satisfied in full and the findings of value made by the Com .. petition in the United States District the remaining available capitalization mission itself under the physical valua· Court ·setting forth the fact that its could have been apportioned among the tion provisions of section 19-a of the bonds were in default and asking for re· old preferred and common stockholders Interstate Commerce Act. It likewise lief under the provisions of section 77 on an equitable basis. Although this contains what is generally referred to as of the Bankruptcy Act. This statute you simple procedure would have prevented the "raincheck" feature, providing that will recall was enacted in 1933. Though· the irreparable loss of more than $100,- /

1945 · CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-IlOUSE 6867 000,000 to the debenture holders and old new owners of the Chicago and North Their astute legal staffs were cognizant stockholders. the Commission held that Western Railway. of the fact that the courts were without it could.not grant the railroad's petition Even after the payment of these gen­ power to override the findings of the because the law did not permit it to re­ erous dividends, the railroad still had Commission. The profits made by these consider or modify a plan after it had tr.emendous amounts of cash on hand, astute speculators is beyond belief. been submitted to the district court, and, I am informed, has already, during "Grotesque" in this case is a word too unless the court had subsequently dis­ the early part of this year, reduced its in­ mild for application. These profits were approved it and, on its own initiative, debtedness by many millions, has retired not within the limits of 10, 25, 50, or even returned it to the Commission. On the all of its 4 percent first mortgage bonds 100 percent. No. They were not within other hand, the court, like the Commis­ amounting to $54,000,000 and issued new the limits of 1,000, 3,000, 5,000, or 8,000 sion, was unable to accord relief, for the 3 percent bonds to take their place. The percent. My investigation shows that Supreme Court had held in Ecker v. annual interest saving from this refund­ they have reached the amazing figure of Western Pacific R. Corp. <318 u. s. 448) ing operation will amount to more than 9,800 percent, and are still mounting. and Group of Institutional Investors v. $800,000 annually and will swell, by that Speculators purchased the preferred Chfcago Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific amount, the high earnings which the new stock which was to be issued in the Chi­ Railroad Co. (318 U. S. 523) that a North Western .stocks are making for cago & North Western Railway at fig­ finding by the Commission that the their new owners. Even before these ures as low_ as $2.25 p_er share. Soon stocks of a railroad are without value is added annual profits from refunding, after reorganization was completed a div­ final and cannot be altered or reviewed earnings available in 1944 for its new idend of $20 per share was paid on that by the courts. Hence, under an act for preferred stock were $16.56 per share and , stock and its present market price is the relief of debtors, the 17,000 stock­ for its new common, $12·.95. This situa­ $75 per share. Thus these speculators, holders of the Chicago and North West­ tion. was not unforeseen. It was freely on a $2.25 investment, own a share of ern Railway suffered the confiscation of predicted by several witnesses who testi­ stock worth $75, upon which they have their property because the Commission's fied before our subcommittee in 1943 already, in their first dividend check, hands were tied by the statute and the when the Hobbs bill was being considered. received back, not only the purchased court's hands by the decisions of the In November of 1944, 5 months after price of the stock, but $17.75 to boot. high tribunal. It was among other tbe reorganization ·was consummated, In other words, they have made a neat things to cure that defect in the law that and ·6 months before the publication of ·profit of 4,222 percent. Common. stock this ·House passed the bill ist upon following enrolled bills and joint reso­ MEMORIALS complete and unconditional surrender; to lution, and they were signed by the Pres­ Under clause 3 of rule XXII, memorials the Committee on Foreign Affairs. ide!J-t pro tempore: were presented and referred as follows: 1019. Also, California Senate Joint Reso­ lution 32, relative to memorializing the Con­ H. R. 378. An act authorizing an appropri­ By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legis­ gress of the United States to investigate ation to carry out the provisions of the act lature of the State of California, memorializ­ through its appropriate committee the pro­ of May 3, 1928 (45 Stat. 48~), and for other ing the President and the Congress of the posed construction by the War Department, p_urposes; United States to support House bill 2867 and that activities in connection with the said H.R. 688. An act to-amend the joint -reso­ Senate blll 868, authorizing annual payments proposal be discontinued pending such in­ lution 'of January 27, 1942, entitled "Joint to States, for the benefit of their local politi­ vestigation; to the Committee on Military resolution to enable the United States to cal subdivisions, based on the fair value of Affairs. become an adhering member of the Inter­ the national-forest lands situated therein:; 1020. Also, California Assembly Joint Res­ American Statistical Institute"; to the COmmittee on Ways and Me!lns. olution 45, relative to memoriallzing the H. R. 802. An act for the relief of Camp No. Also, memorial of the Legislature of the President, the Secretary of State, und the 1, Alaska. .Native Brotherhood, Sitka, Alaska; State of Massachusetts, memorializing the Congress to retain full control over Japanese­ H. R. 892. An act for the relief of Madeline President and the Congress of the United owned or mandated islands in the Pacific J. MacDonald; States to investigate the activities of the which heretofore have been, or hereafter may H. R. 912. An act for the relief of William Federal Social Security Board- with particu­ be, captured by the United States in the H. Shultz; lar reference to the merit-system require .. course of the war; to the Committee on For­ · H. R. 993. An act for the relief of Mrs. El­ ments; to the Committee on Rules. eign Affairs. len C. Burnett; 1021. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the Na­ H. R. 1038. An act for the relief of Daniel PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS tional Adjuta~t, Twenty-ninth Division As­ B. Johnson; Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private sociation, petitioning consideration of their H. R.1044. An act for the relief of Marlin­ resolution with reference to urging General Rockwell Corp. with respect to the jurisdic­ b1lls and resolutions were introduced and . of the Army George C. Marshall to retain tion of The Tax Court of the United States severally referred as follows: his present position as Chief of Staff of the to redetermine its excessive profits tor its By Mr. BALDWIN of New York: Uni~d States Army at least until the termi­ fiscal year ending December 31, 1942, sub­ H. R. 3608. A bill for the relief of E. Water.. nation Of the war against Japan; to the ject to renegotiation under the Renegotiation man & Co.; to the Committee on Claims. Committee on M1litary Affairs. Act; ·