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Terrorism: Origins, Direction and Support

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Terrorism: Origins, Direction and Support -------~-~-- -- - - If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. "'-' TERRORISM: ORIGINS, DIRECTION AND SUPPORT HEARING BEFOl\~ THE SUBCOMMITTEE O~ SECURITY AND TERRORISM OF TlIE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY UNITED~TATES SENATE NINETY-SE'\ENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION n ON THE ORIGINS, DIREOTION AND SUPPORT OF TERRO"RISM APRIL 24, 1981 . Serial No. J-97-17 ,', ~: lted for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary I ~. u.s. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1981 ----------~..,.----~-- -- -- , . ! } ~ CONTENTS; ACQU!S!TIOtJS !.l. t1 ' I ~ .... '-: ~ ...\.;-u _. CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF WITNESSES Page Colby, William E., attorney at law, former Director of the Central Intelligence Agency ........................................................................................................................... 5 Sterling, Claire, international journalist, author of "The Terror Network" ...... .. 35 Ledeen, Michael, Ph. D., modern European history, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Georgetown University ...................................................... 62 COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY De Borchgrave, Arnaud, international journalist, coauthor of "The Spike", CHA STROM THURMOND, South Carolina, Chairman aS50ciated with Center for Strategic and International Studies, Georgetown University ..................................................................................................................... 78 'i~JJ%AU~L~:X~~~', ~!,~~~AS, JR., Maryland JOSEPH R. BIDEN, JR., Delaware ~O~mIN G. HATCH, Utah ~g~~~}J M. KENNEDY, Massachusetts STATEMENT OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS WmBERT DOLE, Kansas 'U-. C. BYRD, West Virginia ;'1\'LAN K. SIMPSON, Wyomin Ho.~J.RD M. METZENB~UM, Ohio Denton, Jeremiah (chairman) ....................................................................................... 1 ~(..\~OHN P. EAST, North Caroli~a DE~IS DECONCINI, ArIZona East, John P. (prepared) ............................................................................................... .. 91 ~-CHARLES E. GRASSLEY Iowa PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont JEREMIAH DENTON A{ b MAX BAUCUS, Montana MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL ARLEN SPECTER, Pe~ns;lv:~~ HOWELL HEFLIN, Alabama Responses from Mr. Colby to questions from Senators: EMORY SNEEDEN, Chief COllnsel Thurmond, Strom .................................................................................................... 27 QUENTIN CROMMELIN, Jr., Staff Director Leahy, Patrick J ..................................................................................................... .. 29 SUBCOMMITTEE ON SECURITY AND TERRORISM JEREMIAH DENTON Alabama Cha;' ORRIN G. HATCH, Utah " .rman JOHN P. EAST, North Carolina ~~~~PH R. B.IDEN, JR., Delaware ICK J. LEAHY, Vr;rmont JOEL S. LISKER, Chtef Counsel and Staff Director (II) \ U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of Justice This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the person or organization originating it. Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the National Institute of Justice. Permission to reproduce this o8f9yri§Ated material has been granted by Public Domain u.s. Senate to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). Further reproduction outside of the NCJRS system requires permis­ sion of the CQP~lri9Rt owner. -------~- -~---------- - - ~ -- ~--:-Ii-" " TERRORISM: ORIGINS, DIRECTION AND SUPPORT FRIDAY, APRIL 24, 1981 U.S. SENATE, SUBCOMMITTEE ON SECURITY AND TERRORISM, COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY, Washington, D. C. The subcommittee met at 9:15 a.m. in room 6226, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Hon. Jeremiah Denton (chairman of the subcom­ mittee) presiding. Also present: Senator Leahy. OPENING STATEMENT OF CHAIRMAN JEREMIAH DENTON Senator DENTON. The hearing will come to order. I want to welcome my distinguished colleague from Vermont who has a great deal more senatorial background in the general subjects which we will be studying in the course of these hearings, a man' from whom I have learned a great deal in my visits to the Select Committee on Intelligence, and we are delighted to have him with us today, Senator Pat Leahy from Vermont. Senator LEAHY. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Senator DENTON. Other Senators who would have been here-the distinguished Senator from Delaware, Senator Biden, is in Dela­ ware taking care of his interests there. The Senate is not actually in session now. Senator Thurmond is in South Carolina. He is the chairman of the Judiciary Committee, as you know. He is pursuing the interest of the administration in supporting President Reagan's economic package in speeches throughout the South. Senator East asked that I mention that his presence today is deterred only by his chairing another subcommittee at the same time, and it is concerned with legislation very close to Senator East's heart. He says, however, were that not the case he would be here; that he supports our work and, needless to say, Senator Th\lrmond does also. 1 would like to welcome our most distinguished witnesses, one of them has not yet arrived. We have the former Director of the Central Intelligence Agency and an attorney at law in Washington, D.C., Mr. William Colby. We have an international journalist, a lady of great prestige in her profession and with a profound background in the subject we are addressing today. She is the author of a book, "The Terror Network," and has written another book-Mrs. Claire Sterling. Michael Ledeen has not yet arrived, he will be the third witness this morning. He has a Ph. D. in modern European history. He is (1) 1 2 I 3 present~y associated with the Center for Strategic and Internation­ al StudIes at George~own U~iversi~y here in Washington. These dimensions of threat are well known to Americans versed . W,e have. another In~ernatIOnal J.ournalist of extensive experience in international affairs, and considerable effort is now being ap­ ~n Jou!nalIsm and wIth the subJects on which he has written plied to offset our present disadvantage in these fields. mclu~Ing the subject o~ disinformation and espionage. He, too, i~ However, there is a new threat which is not recognized, and asso~Iated presently wIth. the. Center for Strategic International remains essentially unaddressed, threatening the survival of free­ StudIes at Geor~~to~n UJ?-Iverslty, Mr. Arnaud de Borchgrave. dom here and elsewhere. My ?wn famIlIarIty wIth the writings and experience of these This new and most insidious threat is terrorism. four WItnesses makes me deeply appreciative of their qualifications The Subcommittee on Security and Terrorism is charged with and of .our go~d .fortUl:e in. having them here at the first hearing on the responsibility of .assessing the terrorist threat to our freedom Terro::lsm: OrIgIns, DIrectIOn and Support. and national security. This will be achieved in part by examining I WIll. a~k SenB;tors, if any others arrive, and Senator Leahy, to the record of terrorist activity throughout the world so as to be in a tr~ to l~mlt openmg ~ta~eme:r;tts to 10 minutes; I shall do so and I position to better evaluate the experience of other nations who shall, WIth your permIsSIOn, SIr, read my opening statement have fallen victim to this insidious tactic. The de~pest purpose of this and our subsequent hearings is the Today we commence this urgently necessary process of examina­ preservatIOn and su~port of ~r~edom. We know that America is a tion of terrorism through the testimony of three men and a woman fount of freedom for ItS own CItIzens and, in relative historic terms, who know it well: A former professional intelligence officer, two has been a source of, and a support for, freedom throughout the journalists, and a scholar, all of whom have in their professional world. endeavors examined, analyzed, and dissected this complex interna­ . The security of the United States, then, has especially intense tional problem. Inter~st to us because of ?~r national contributions to the bestowal A primary purpose of this subcommittee is to raise public con­ of t~IS great and rare prIvIlege of freedom. This interest is shared sciousness and support for our country's efforts to address and by lIbera~s and conservatives, Democrats and Republicans on this respond to the terrorist threat which we are witnessing throughout subcommIttee, and by citizens throughout this land the world today. In subsequent sessions, we plan to hear from There are those in the world whose avowed purp~se is to destroy additional witnesses, some of whom may have differing viewpoints or overthro~, and recast our government in a form barren of th~ on the subject of terrorism. freedoms w:hlCh we deeply cherish. Freedom is short-lived for those It is anticipated that these hearings will assist the subcommittee who ~ake It for ~ranted. The threats against our freedom, our in focusing more directly on the subject matter in a way which will secu~Ity, are as d~verse as the groups seeking to employ them. facilitate recommendations for possible courses of action addressing It IS urgen~ realIsm, not paranoia, to note the threat of ICBM's these problems. targeted agaI,nst our country; to discern the significance of the Some have suggested that national security and terrorism are resort .to outrI~ht naked aggression by the Soviet Union against the nonissues; that the threat is ethereal and illusory. I do not share sovereIgn n~tIO~ of Af&,hanistan .. That naked aggression opens a these views. Surely, at one time or another, all the diverse
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