itransporte Transport engineering&consultancy magazine www.ineco.es 46 October 2012

CONTROL TOWER Eldorado draws its new skyline CORRIDOR STUDY Is high speed feasible between Haldia and Howrah? TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS Spain, a pioneer in commuter rail ERTMS HIGH SPEED The Yüksek Hızlı Tren steams towards Istanbul BRAND SPAIN The world wears Zara Editorial

he launching of this publication marks the beginning of a new stage in Ineco’s magazine. From now on, we will be offering a view of our work in three issues a year, with two editions, in English and in Spanish, improving communications with our international clients. This new stage of the magazine is also meant to reflect a new stage of the company: our increasingly large presence on the international market poses new challenges and demands to become stronger, more agile and more competitive. Today, Ineco is different from what it was back in 2007, at the start of the serious economic crisis in our country, and it must also be different Tin a few years, upon the end of this process. We have been getting ready for this situation for some time. The outstanding work of our teams of professionals has made it possible to play an important role in the execution of large infrastructures in Spain, while the internationalisation strategy has made great progress. The year 2011 was a good example of this effort, with the granting of Makkah-Madinah high-speed railway as ultimate proof of the outstanding work performed. It is now time to move into a higher gear and complete the final transformation of our company, which is essential for its viability and future outlook. Our goal is growth, to expand in the world, to become more competitive and more essential wherever a large infrastructure is required. We hope to continue enjoying the interest of our clients and reader friends, who we will keep well informed of our projects and works.

Pablo Vázquez Vega President of Ineco

2 3 Contents

32 ANKARA-ISTANBUL LINE The Yüksek Hızlı Tren steams towards Istanbul Ineco participates in one of the largest railway projects in Turkey: the adaptation of the Ankara- Istanbul line to speeds of up to 250 km/h.

06 | NEWS 20 | TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM 44 | GUADALAJARA-COLIMA HIGHWAY Ineco coordinates the São Paulo Spain, a pioneer in commuter A path that broadens horizons ring road works rail ERTMS Bridges ready Work begins on the Pilgrims’ HSR 24 | PREVENTION ON 48 | BRAND SPAIN Maintenance of the ICECOF SECONDARY ROADS The world wears Zara system in Mexico The examiner examined 10 | CONTROL TOWER 28 | POSITIONING IN AIRFIELDS Blind-spot-free surveillance Eldorado draws its new skyline Published by INECO 16 | CORRIDOR STUDY 37 | SUSTAINABLE SPACES Paseo de La Habana, 138 - 28036 Madrid - Tel. 91 452 12 56 Pegaso City opens its wings www.revistaitransporte.es Is high speed feasible between Editor-in-Chief: BÁRBARA JIMÉNEZ-ALFARO Haldia and Howrah? 38 | OPERATIONAL SAFETY ([email protected]) MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Editorial Staff: LIDIA AMIGO ([email protected]) Editorial Board: Miguel Blanco, Isolating risks Francisco Fraile, LOURDES GONZÁLEZ, VIOLETA LARRAD, BEATRIZ MILLÓN, PILAR MORÁN, 42 | NETWORK ARCHITECTURE FRANCISCO OLMEDO, Raúl Rubio MPLS, high-speed technology Design: ESPACIO28004 / Mariano Serrano, Juanjo Jiménez Printed by: Gráficas 82 COVER IMAGE: Computer graphics rendering Legal Deposit: M-26791-2007 of the future control tower at the Eldorado airport. ©Ineco. All rights reserved 2012. For reprint articles, GOP Studio. Bruce Fairbanks. please contact the Editor-in-Chief.

5 The Ministry of Development promotes austerity and liberalisation of transport News The budgets of the Spanish Ministry of Development for 2013 foresee an investment of 10.16 billion euros, of which 47% (4.7 billion) will be devoted to railways. The rest shall be focused on conservation actions and projects promoting intermodality, such as railway accesses to sea ports or ‘sea highways’. The minister, Ana Pastor, has also presented the 2012-2024 Infrastructures, Transport and Homes Programme (PITVI). Some key points in the Programme include liberalising railway passenger transport or New operational headquarters of increasing private participation. the Spanish consortium on Sultan Ecuador Saudi Arabia Street (Jeddah). Brazil Kuwait » ONE OF THE LARGEST INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS Ineco coordinates the works on the São Paulo ring road

The consortium members at the guarantee signing in Madrid. Road improvements, NEW OPERATIONAL HEADQUARTERS IN JEDDAH New industrial complex consultancy and Work begins on the Pilgrims’ High-Speed train in Shadadiya preliminary design he Spanish-Saudi consortium Al Branch, CaixaBank and Deutsche Bank, Pablo Vázquez, After presenting the tender The Ministry of Transport and Public Shoula Group has received Notice SAE. The financial design and organisation President of Ineco, during documentation for the construction of Works of Ecuador has hired Ineco to Proceed from the SRO (Saudi have been led by Banesto and Crédit his visit to the Ineco offices the industrial area of Shadadiya, on the T in Brazil. to carry out the technical, legal and Railways Organization) for Phase II Agricole CIB. outskirts of Kuwait, Ineco continues financial work required for the road of the Haramain High-Speed Railway In addition, the consortium has he consortium led by Ineco, together lanes, depending on the stretch, requiring to provide technical assistance to the concession between Santo Domingo and project, which will join the holy cities of inaugurated its offices in Madrid and new with the Brazilian engineering the construction of seven tunnels and top Kuwaiti authority for planning and Esmeraldas. The future concession of Makkah and Madinah. The consortium operational headquarters in Saudi Arabia: Tfirm EBEI, will support the mixed 111 bridges and viaducts. Among other industrial development, the Public 185 kilometres connects Santo Domingo, has a provision of bonds and guarantees a modern eight-storey building in Jeddah, company DERSA (Desenvolvimento activities, Ineco will coordinate the project Authority for Industry (PAI) in order to in the central-northern part of the amounting to 664 million euros, thanks conditioned by a team of Ineco architects. Rodoviário SA, owned by the State of São design, expropriations and environmental begin the construction of this immense country, with the seaport of Esmeraldas, to the syndicated group formed by The Spanish companies will share offices Paulo) in the coordination of the thirty actions.« complex located some 25 kilometres to in the northwest. The project provides the banks BBVA, Banesto, Banco de with the SRO and the supervisory firm contracts and different organisations the southwest of Kuwait City. a response to the country’s road Sabadell, Crédit Agricole CIB, Spanish Dar Al-Handasah.« involved in the works, which will begin Study of transport systems The company has prepared the communications problems, and is in 2013 and are expected to finish in in São Paulo conceptual design for the industrial area intended to expand and modernise the Spain / Galicia 2016. For the execution of the northern and all the technical documentation for infrastructure and service provided by section, the 177 kilometres highway that Ineco, in a joint venture with Sistran the project tender process, from the this corridor within the national road Progress on the Atlantic Axis surrounds the city will be closed, on Engenharia e Ineco do Brasil, has initiated a pre-qualification launching to writing up network. Ineco has been conducting After completing the excavation of the which 65,000 vehicles travel each day. study on new drive technologies for reducing the tender documents. In addition, as the National Strategic Programme for last tunnel in the Atlantic High-Speed The ring road, known as Rodoanel pollution in mid- and low-capacity transport project manager Ineco has coordinated Mobility and Transport of Ecuador since Axis, work continues on the sections Mário Covas, was inaugurated in 2002. systems (buses and trolleys) in the State the Spanish and Kuwaiti partners in the 2011, and has an office in Quito as well A Vacariza–Rialiño and Rialiño–Padrón, The last segment pending execution is the of São Paulo. This study, requested by the execution of the works.« as a permanent team of four technicians. for which Ineco is in charge of technical northern section, with a length of 43.86 National Association of Public Transports The image shows Pedro Saldaña and Jonás assistance and coordination of works kilometres and the most complex layout. of Brazil, will analyse biodiesel, ethanol, Casquero, Ineco engineers stationed in on the entire corridor, comprising 32 It is designed for a maximum speed of electrical and other systems and will include Ecuador for the project.« viaducts and 37 tunnels.« 100 km/h and will vary from three to four an implementation plan.

6 7 News

Fairs | InnoTrans 2012 Mexico

International railway NEW WORKS IN MEXICO meeting in Berlin Maintenance of the ICECOF system Ana Pastor, minister of Development, neco has signed an agreement with adapted this system for Ferrocarriles together with the president of Ineco, Adif for maintenance of the ICECOF Suburbanos de México (the company Pablo Vázquez, visited the company’s Isystem, a computer tool developed in charge of railway operation between stand at InnoTrans, the most important by Adif for managing and analysing the Mexican states and its Federal international railway technology fair in incidents related to railway traffic District) and Ineco will be in charge of its the world, with about 100,000 visitors. operation. Adif has implemented and maintenance.« Ineco will be attending this edition with the support of Mafex, together with Operational safety workshop in La Paz another 50 Spanish companies. In addition, technicians from the Group) at the international airport of In the image, the minister and the aeronautical area of the company have La Paz in Mexico (Baja California). president and executives of Ineco, of given a seminar-workshop on operational The aim was to provide training on Mafex, the Spanish ambassador to safety to personnel of the GAP (Grupo Operational Safety Management Systems Germany and the commercial attaché.« Aeroportuario del Pacífico - Pacific Airport and Aeronautical Safety Studies.«

Innovation project The solar aeroplane visits Spain Eurocontrol selected as a finalist among The Solar Impulse aeroplane visited Spain over 50 proposals an Ineco project on last July. In the image, the Swiss pilots and integration of meteorological data in project starters, Bertrand Piccard and André flight preparation systems. Borschberg, with Manuel Sauca, director, The SWIM Master Class European and Ángel Villa, division head, of Ineco’s contest distinguishes new applications International Department of Aeronautical for air traffic management (ATM). Transport, during a presentation event.

8 9 AERONAUTICAL | colombia | Control tower Eldorado draws its new skyline New control tower at Bogota international airport

By Roberto Serrano, aeronautical engineer (Head of Airport Construction) and Víctor Quiñones, aeronautical engineer (Head of CNS Systems), with the collaboration of Juliana Sánchez, Aerocivil project manager.

Ineco and the Spanish firm GOP –headed by the architect Bruce S. Fair- INSPIRED BY ITS SURROUNDINGS are in charge of studying and banks, who has designed most of the The truncated cone design is inspired towers built in Spain in the last decade– by the votive figures of the local Muisca designing the building’s architecture was awarded the project. culture, representing elongated human and technical equipment. The tower figures. Standing 89 metres tall (including the seeks to become a technological Equidistant location antenna array and surface radar) it is one of and architectural icon of the Eldorado has two parallel runways, the tallest towers in the world. 13L/31r and 13r/31L, with a length of Colombian capital. 3,800 metres, between which is the ter- minal area and other airport installations. Conceptual design Spacial distribution n 2009 the expansion process began for The location for the tower proposed by Its considerable height and position in The building adjoining the tower base the Eldorado international airport, lo- Aerocivil is equidistant from the four the centre of the premises will make is connected by walkways and patios to Icated 16 kilometres from the centre of headers, in a strategic position. the tower visible from a great distance. the central shaft. Outside it is provided Bogota, the capital of Colombia. This ex- To determine its appropriate height and For this reason, special attention has with accesses and parking spaces. pansion is now at its midpoint and will be confirm the location selected by Aerocivil, been placed on the conceptual design The proposed spacial distribution is completed towards 2014 to deal with the several preliminary studies were con- of a building that is not only meant to be based on prior experience with similar increasing demand for air transport and ducted including impact tests on land- an installation to serve aerial navigation, buildings and on the expected volume the economic growth of the nation. Eldo- ing and takeoff procedures, LOS (Line of but also an architectural icon for the of equipment to be installed. It covers rado holds the top place in Latin America Sight) tests to the manoeuvres area from airport and city of Bogota. about 2,000 m2, distributed over two in terms of cargo volume –648,000 tons the tower cabin, impact on aeronautical In order to emphasise this matter, floors and one basement. recorded in 2011– and the third place in easements and optimisation of coverage the preliminary stages of the project The second floor houses the offices for terms of passengers, with 20.4 million. provided by the SMR (Surface Movement included an in-depth analysis of the the tower management, the instruction Radar) placed in the top part of the tower. history, folklore and traditions of the unit classrooms and the leisure areas. An ongoing expansion plan area in which the city is located, known The shaft houses several intermediate This capacity will be doubled when the The new tower is part as the Sabana de Bogota. Thus, the floors for evacuation purposes, new installations, which include a new of the current expansion legend of El Dorado and the Muisca while the top part houses technical control tower, enter into service. The culture were studied, in which the floors (radiolinks, aeronautical current control tower will be demolished process, which will be representation of animals has great communications equipment and air in late 2013 as part of the construction completed around 2014, symbolic relevance, particularly curled conditioning). of the new international terminal, with a in order to meet the up snakes. The outer design of the Due to operational requirements of surface of 104,000 m2, and the expansion growing demand tower –a concrete shaft covered by a the airport and in order to centralise of the aircraft parking platform, which will structure made up of two steel spirals– aircraft control and management, the increase from 21 to 33 stations. Taxi lanes After analysing the results, it was decided was inspired by these images. At the beacon consists of a double cabin, are also being renewed, and a viaduct for to set a height of 80 metres, which makes same time, its truncated cone shape arranged one on top of the other. vehicle entry and 1,500 parking spaces it one of the tallest in the world.« evokes the votive figures known as The bottom cabin will house the are being built. ‘tunjos’, elongated representations of Platform Management Service and the In 2011, Colombia’s Civil Aeronautics human beings. These elements are top cabin will house Air Traffic Control. (Aerocivil) put out a tender for the archi- reproduced in the architectural design, In addition, on top of the beacon is tectural, civil and equipment studies and with a double beacon 14 metres in the antenna array and surface radar, designs for building the new tower. Ineco, diameter and fully enclosed in glass that raising the highest point of the tower to in consortium with the Spanish firm GOP crowns the shaft.« 89 metres above ground level.« »

10 11 Eldorado, with an altitude of 2,545 metres and high volume of traffic, requires the most advanced aerial navigation systems

Left: model inside the wind tunnel. Middle: Arrangement of control stations. Right: View of the flight field from the current tower.

Facilities Structural design Air navigation The building is designed to have The seismic activity of the area has Another fundamental aspect of the The navigation systems of an airport and this, the ATC/CNS experts determine all the facilities needed for its correct conditioned structural calculations project was determining the air the functionalities these must provide the required air navigation systems, operation, in accordance with and represented quite an engineering navigation systems and preparing are determined in view of the current the most appropriate technology and Colombian and international challenge (see box). After considering the technical specifications such that and future operational needs and air the technical requirements. They also regulations. In addition to the usual several options, an outer skin Aerocivil could tender their purchase. traffic. For this purpose, a team of ATM size their capacities and technical facilities are others that are of particular of steel joined to an inner concrete The control tower is an infrastructure specialists composed of engineers features and establish the needs of the importance in the construction of a shaft was selected. that must be properly equipped to and experienced controllers evaluate collateral systems of the tower so that control tower. This is the case of the The adjoining building is resolved fulfil its main purpose, that is, provide and analyse the operations of the their integration is feasible and the electrical installation, which enables using concrete porticos. Because air traffic controllers the tools and airport, that is, how landings, takeoffs impact of the transition on operations the sending and reception of signals, of of the poor quality of the ground, technical means necessary to manage and other aircraft displacements are is minimised (see box). For this reason, critical importance to aerial navigation. the excavation must be performed and control air traffic in a safe and managed. These analyses enable areas the project also includes a technical- dry, first executing a peripheral efficient manner. For this purpose, for improvement to be detected and operational transition plan that identifies Another essential waterproofing screen with cement- a team of specialists in air traffic the optimum operational processes to and foresees the requirements for installation is climate bentonite. To guarantee resistance Engineering College of Madrid. The management (ATM) and air traffic be determined (control roles, positions entering into service.« against vibrations and oscillations, a good results obtained in these tests control, communications, navigation in cabin and functionalities that air control: in addition to scale model was built and tested in confirmed the appropriateness of the and surveillance (ATC/CNS) has been navigation systems should provide) in the conventional system, the wind tunnel of the Aeronautical structural type selected.« created. order to manage air operations. After precision climate control elements will be provided Geotechnical study of the ground Navigation systems of the new Eldorado tower For this reason, it has a grid connection Another of the tasks of Ineco’s results of the laboratory tests revealed The high complexity of operations advanced functionalities for traffic communications with collateral provided with a generator group in multidisciplinary team was to a very soft consistency of the ground at Eldorado airport, due to the management and control, such as installations (airport, Bogota ACC). case of grid failure and several support provide assistance in the design of for the entire thickness studied. geographical characteristics of its advanced surface movement guidance Ô Ground/air VHF communications points located near the critical loads the geotechnical campaign and the However, despite its apparent high location (2,454 metres above sea level and control system (A-SMGCS), system providing the necessary radio to be powered, by means of continuity foundations. The Eldorado airport sits deformability, it was observed both and near to mountains), the high current electronic flight sheet (EFS) and takeoff equipment to contact aircraft. units. Another essential installation due on the lake deposit of the Sabana de in this study and in others performed and future demand of operations and management functionalities (DCL and Ô Surface radar (SMR) and to the sensitivity of the tower equipment Bogota. This ground consists of so- in the surroundings of the airport the large variety of aircraft types DMAN), as well as integration and multilateration system (MLAT) to is climate control. In addition to the called Sabana formation Bogota clay, that these materials show a certain (jets, propeller aircraft, military processing of flight plan information. provide the surveillance sensors conventional system, with VRV (Variable which is actually composed not only preconsolidation. aircraft, helicopters, etc.) require that Ô Information Integration System required for the A-SMGCS functionality. Refrigerant Volume) elements, the of clay but also of clayey silt. the ATC/CNS systems that are to be for the control station of the following Ô Network node for air navigation data technical rooms will have precision The phreatic level (underground water) n In practice, this means that the implemented in the new control tower subsystems: weather information, in charge of providing the necessary climate control elements.« in the area is rather superficial, at only settling (ground displacement) must provide the most advanced air aeronautical terminal information infrastructure for ground/ground one metre of depth. that occurs is smaller than might traffic management functionalities and system (ATIS) and radioassistance status communications in the control tower be expected, provided the load capacities. information. to interconnect the aforementioned n To investigate the subsoil in the place transmitted to the ground is below the Ô Voice communications and recording systems with the outside world of construction of the control tower, preconsolidation value. This is the case The new control tower will be equipped system (VCR) to manage and establish through the RTAN (Airport Aeronautical two mechanical rotational probes were for the designed load. with the following systems: both ground/air communications Telecommunications Network). drilled to a depth of 46 metres. The Ô Air traffic control system with with the aircraft and ground/ground »

12 13 The external metal mesh provides strength and simplifies construction, essential in an area with seismic activity

Ineco’s experience in other towers Steel skin Ineco has developed the structural design of the new tower, deciding on a metal mesh to cover the concrete shaft.

By Jorge Torrico, civil engineer (Head of Structures) and Álvaro Ruiz, civil engineer (Department of Architecture, Structures and Instrumentation) South Tower North, South and West Control Tower of the Barcelona-El Prat Towers of the Madrid-Barajas of the Murcia-San Javier he structural design of this ‘steel International Airport International Airport Airport skin’ has faced several challenges. Execution of the construction Projects for definition and Project design and environmental TThe main difficulty is the significant project and architectural technical implementation of air navigation studies. Murcia-San Javier Airport, seismic activity of the region, with a cal- assistance. South Tower of the systems in the North, South and West Spain. 2002. Air navigation systems, culation acceleration of 0.5 g. In addition Barcelona-El Prat International control towers. Spain. 2004-2008. definition, control and monitoring of to this are the considerable height of the Airport. Spain. 2008. Construction project for NET (45 m) installations and entry into service. tower and the thinness of the internal and SAT (36 m) coordination towers. Murcia-San Javier, Spain. 2009. shaft, the weakness of the supporting Madrid. Spain. 2003. ground –mainly composed of soft clays–, the need to adapt to the usual construc- Detailed view of the metallic mesh and concrete base. tive means and capacities in Colombia

The design of the mesh lombia. However, after weighing up the repetition would simplify the construction, focused on finding pros and cons, the selected solution was reduce the execution time and conform as simple elements that by finally a metallic structure that incorpo- much as possible to the many conditions repetition would simplify rates the versatility of prefabricated con- imposed by the geometry. the construction crete but is much lighter. It also simplifies The assembly of the structure was the the execution of the knots and joint de- object of a detailed study. The goal was to and a short execution period. All of these tails, and thereby allows a greater speed minimise the installation time and analyse conditions have led to designing the outer of implementation, making it possible the auxiliary means necessary to lift the Pablo Ruiz Picasso Control Tower Son Sant Joan structure as an additional resistant ele- to manufacture it in Colombia or abroad parts, intending these to be complete rings International Airport, in Boa Vista International International Airport, ment, that can provide stiffness against and simplifying its transportation to the in order to minimise welding work on site. Malaga Airport, Cape Verde Palma de Mallorca wind and seismic activity. worksite. The design of the tower foundations Air navigation systems, definition, New 25 m control tower as well Air navigation systems, definition, Initially, concrete was considered as the followed the same considerations as the control and monitoring of as other actions, such as expanding control and monitoring of construction material due to its greater Assembly study development of the structural solution: it installations and entry into service. the flight field and new terminal installations and entry into service. structural rigidity and ease of molding, After selecting steel as the material to should minimise execution time, adapt to Malaga. Spain. 2002. building. Cape Verde. 2004. Mallorca. Spain. 2001. and the tradition in building with rein- use, the design of the mesh was geared the small execution surface and fulfil the forced and prestressed concrete in Co- towards finding simple elements that by demanding geotechnical limitations.«

14 15 HIGH SPEED | india | Corridor feasibility study Is high speed feasible between Haldia and Howrah? Ineco at the head of the Spanish consortium in charge of the study

With the collaboration of Alberto Váscones, civil engineer (Railways Consultancy Director) and Fernando Tejedor, civil engineer (Railway Projects Department) Photos: Lopamudra Bag (Kolkata)

The Indian government wishes to tion (HSRC) was created in order to ex- old capital is barely 50 kilometres away, » improve railroad communications pedite high-speed projects. The projects Schematic alignment the geographical barrier of delta river between Haldia, an important will be carried out by a firm that is to be alternatives means that over 2,700 people, that travel created by the public company Rail Vikas Outline of alternatives Howrah Kolkata between the two cities every day take an industrial site, and Howrah, which is Nigam Limited (RVNL). considered. Below, average of three hours, depending on Sealdah separated from its twin city Kolkata The growth and improvement of rail location of the corridor, whether they travel by car, train, bus or in West Bengal State. by the Hooghly river. Ineco has carried transport is a main goal in a country that ferry. This represents an important waste has 64,000 kilometres of railroads, an in- Maidam of time, considering that almost 70% of out the feasibility study for the Indian tegrated and essential mode of transport (new station) trips are related to work or business. An- Railways together with the Spanish for its 1.2 billion inhabitants. Indian Rail- India other 9% has a tourist purpose. firms Prointec and Ayesa. ways carry a daily average of 2.72 million tons of freight and 22 million passengers 20 years of Spanish experience hese three cities –Kolkata, Howrah according to data from 2011. The growth Hooghly river The study carried out by the Spanish con- and Haldia– have a joint population outlook for GDP, is expected to increase sortium led by Ineco received the local Tof over 14 million, in West Bengal from 1.2 to 3% in coming years, in order support of the subcontractors LEA As- State, in eastern India. The high-speed to deal with this expected growth in de- Option 1 sociates South Asia and Ernst & Young. rail project in this densely populated re- mand, the railway authorities have invited It considers the feasibility of the future gion forms part of an ambitious plan by corridor for 25 years, the needs for new Hooghly delta plains Option 2A the Ministry of Railroads of India to build Improving transport in the infrastructure, traffic forecasts and finan- six main lines with speeds approaching Kolkata area will create cial costs until the year 2045. The work 300 km/hour to improve and quicken rail- also considers different layout options road communications between the large jobs, attract tourism and and investments in rolling stock, as well population centres. investments and reduce Option 2B as the definition of the most appropriate The government has assigned the Na- road congestion A double tunnel vehicle types. Bridge tional High Speed Rail Authority (NHSRA) appears to be the Ineco has extensive experience in high- solution the task of initiating the studies for con- the private sector to invest in the mod- best option for speed rail in Spain, in which it has been crossing the river structing 3,539 new kilometres in the ernization of its infraestructures. The plan involved since the 1980’s. This work culmi- six selected corridors: Delhi-Chandi- is to invest in 25,000 kilometres of new nated with the entry into service of the first garh-Amritsar (450 km), Hyderabad- lines and make important improvements high-speed line, Madrid-Seville, in 1992. Dornakal-Vijayawada-Chennai (664 km), in electrification, track gauge changes, Currently, with almost 2,900 kilometres Chennai-Bangalore-Coimbatore-Er- rolling stock and equipment to reduce Tunnel of high-speed rail in service, the company nakulam-Thiruvananthapuram (854 km), travel time and increase the speed and Haldia solution continues to be involved in many projects. Delhi-Agra-Lucknow-Varanasi-Patna safety of the trains. THREE HOURS TO TRAVEL Out of Spain, Ineco is actively participating (991 km), Howrah-Haldia (135 km) and 50 KILOMETRES Delhi in the new high-speed lines of Makkah- Pune-Mumbai-Ahmedabad (650 km). The Roughly 44% of trips are work-related Above, the station of Howrah, Kolkata’s Ganges river Kolkata Madinah, Ankara-Istanbul and London- study for the latter corridor gained official The cities of Howrah and Haldia, in the twin city. Although they are only 50 km from Mumbai India Birmingham.« approval for construction last summer, at plains of the Hooghly river which flows into Haldia, the trip can take up to three hours Arabian Sea Sea of Bengal which time the High Speed Rail Corpora- the Ganges, generate an important eco- because of the barrier set by the river. Bangalore nomical and industrial activities due to the Centre: Local market. Below: Bidhanngar Road strategic location of the Haldia port, which station, in the current railway line of Sealdah. Sri Lanka is the fourth largest in India. Although the

16 17 Ineco, with offices in Delhi since 2009, also provides technical assistance on line 2 of the Mumbai underground

THE Hooghly RIVER characteristics and requirements of all of which pay a toll except bicycles. Current types of trips and each section. The report also considers Even busier is the Howrah bridge, The challenges willingness to shift to HSR of a holy river the national policy regarding minimising connecting Kolkata to the Howrah 1_Distribution of purpose of the effects on harvested land in order station, one of the largest and busiest he Hooghly river is considered to travel between Kolkata and Haldia not to harm farmers. train stations in the world. be sacred, like the Ganges, and In short, the construction of a Tsupplies water and wealth to the In all, the crossing of the Hooghly river railway line with modern standards in population and industry of Bengala is one of the greatest challenges of the service, comfort and speed is a highly oTros LEISocioURE OTHER since ancient times. However, crossing 13% project. With a width of two kilometres, desirable project for the socioeconomic 2% the delta and its waters represents a the space required by cargo ships development of the region. The traffic challenge for high-speed rail: obtaining that travel from Haldia to the Kolkata demand studies reveal a good response economic viability to overcome the high TOurismoURISM port make a double tunnel solution from the population, for whom great cost of infrastructure investments until 9% preferable. The study also considers the benefits would be announced, among the new line is economically viable. social Trabajowork option of a viaduct, changing the layout. which are improved accesses, reduced The study conducted by Ineco and its 4% SesTUDITudiosES 44% To solve the access to Kolkata, the travel times and costs, reduced road 3% partners concludes that even with feasibility study also considers two congestion and improved business private investment via Public Private infrastructure options: viaduct or opportunities. With less poverty tunnel, analysing the different costs and more job options, the image of BUnegocioSINESS and technical challenges of each the region would benefit greatly, With a width of two Agriculture and livestock farming are a source of wealth in the delta. 25% kilometres, the space one. Currently, two bridges cross the encouraging tourism. river. One of them is the well-known required by cargo ships 2_Willingness to shift to HSR Vidyasagar Setu suspension bridge, the Ineco has an office in Delhi since 2009 make a double tunnel longest of its type in India, which links with five employees. The company is solution preferable 6.2% the twin cities of Howrah and Kolkata. also conducting technical assistance in 2.2% Hundreds of vehicles cross it every day, the construction work for line 2 of the Partnerships (PPP), significant public yes no 6.4% 0.4% Mumbai underground for the Mumbai financing would be required. In this 19% Metropolitan Region Development 3.8% respect, the study presents different Characteristics Authority (MMRD). Line 2 is a corridor financing and investment options, which n Dual electrified track that will cross the city from north include taking charge of construction n Slab track to south-east, with a length of 32 by itself and leaving the subsequent n Signalling with ERTMS - 2 (ETCS 2) kilometres, 27 stops and one exchanger. operation of the line to private initiatives. The underground network will have 9 n Maximum commercial The main challenges lie in the track lines and 146.5 kilometres in total, and 81% speed: 250 km/h infrastructure. The weather and ground should be completed by 2021. Mumbai, 81% n Trip time: 30 minutes conditions, subjected to large flooding in n 200 metres of platform in each with over 20 million inhabitants, is the AN AREA WITH HEAVY TRAFFIC the monsoon season, lead to a track on terminal (to be expanded largest city in India, with 11 million Currently, two large bridges cross the river: slab solution, built on an embankment, to 400 metres) persons using public transport every day the Vidyasagar Setu suspension bridge and viaduct or tunnel depending on the n Maintenance deposit in Haldia according to data from the MMRD.« the Howrah bridge (photo), which connects n WILLING TO CHANGE n NOT WILLING TO CHANGE n PRICE n DISTANCE FROM NEW n Lay-by 40 km away Kolkata with the Howrah train station, one of n STATION TRIP CONVENIENCE n 18 hours of service (5 am/11 pm) the largest and busiest stations in the world. n TIME SAVED n OTHER

18 19 Railways | spain | European Rail Traffic Management System Spain, a pioneer in commuter rail ERTMS The Madrid C4 line becomes the first complex line in Europe to install it

Area of Railway Installations and Systems

The ERTMS European traffic control capacity, safety and reliability, and interop- cha stations. These are connected by three system has been implemented erability between railway networks of dif- tunnels, two of which are in service and the ferent countries have proven to be highly third is in the execution stage, planned for for the first time in a complex useful for conventional rail applications exclusive use by high-speed trains. commuter rail line; the C4 line of too. Such is the case with cross-border The highly complex installation of the Madrid. Ineco has taken part in this system represented quite a challenge, but project from the outset. The infrastructure was it will not be the only one: work is already executed by Thales in progress towards implementing ERTMS t this time, according to the latest and Dimetronic; Renfe level 2, also for the first time in commuter statistics available from the UNIFE Operadora has installed rail, in the Atocha and Chamartín stations A industrial railway association, the and in the Atocha-Sol-Chamartín tunnel, ERTMS has already exceeded its initial Alstom technology in which was opened in July 2008. The first applications as well as its geographical 112 Civia trains tests of this second implementation stage scope: in 2012, there are some 62,000 took place in March 2012. It is also the kilometres of railway lines in 38 coun- cargo transportation, which relies hugely first time that communication has been tries worldwide, 50% of them outside of on interoperability (saving time and costs) achieved between two RBCs with different Europe, which are already executing or and increased capacity of cargo contain- technologies, those developed by Dimetro- contracting the implementation of the ers, which UNIFE has determined to be nic and Thales.« FIELD AND LABORATORY TESTS system, and there are currently 17,000 up to 40%. Civia train entering Tres Cantos. The kilometres of lines with the system in eurobalises transmitting information to service. ERTMS, also for commuter rail the train can be seen on the tracks. As In Europe, Spain is at the top of this list Outside of Europe it is already in place or Ineco’s contribution well as the field tests on the pilot sector Ineco has over a decade’s experience with 1,712 kilometres in operation, accord- its installation is planned for the commut- between Tres Cantos and Colmenar Viejo, a ing to data from Adif. Together with the er lines of Auckland (New Zealand), Rio with ERTMS. As an integral laboratory was also used for the first time. Netherlands, Denmark and Switzerland, de Janeiro (Brazil), Sydney (Australia) or provider of railway services, it Spain has been one of the first countries the Gebze-Halkali line in Turkey. In Spain, has actively participated in the to implement the system since it operated the largest commuter rail network is that implementation of the system on line for the first time in 2006 on the Madrid- of Madrid, managed by Renfe Operadora. C4 with different tasks: Two subsystems Lleida high-speed rail line. Since as early It serves a metropolitan area of 6 million The ERTMS consists of two subsystems: Thales, with Ineco as the independent as 1994, Ineco has collaborated closely people and has 10 lines. n Drafting the infrastructure project. infrastructure and on-board equipment. safety assessor. with Renfe, Adif and the Ministry of De- One of these lines, C4 from Colmenar n Independent safety evaluation. As regards infrastructure, for the velopment in several ERTMS projects, for Viejo to Parla, as well as its branch line n Evaluation of interoperability installation project on the Madrid C4 As regards the on-board system, both high-speed and commuter rail lines to Alcobendas and San Sebastián de los of the control, command line the promoter and party in charge Renfe Operadora has installed Alstom (see itransporte 32 and English Edition 2). Reyes, has become the first line in Europe and signalling subsystem. of project management was the technology in 112 Civia trains. Ineco ERTMS technology has matured in the to be equipped with ERTMS level 1. The n Coordination of worksite health Railway’s General Directorate of the has monitored the supply and putting last decade, and high-speed lines are no system was put in service on 11 February and safety. Ministry of Development. Ineco provided into service of the on-board ETCS units longer its only field of application. The 2012 on this 62.2 kilometres line, which n Technical assistance: technical assistance for the control until their commissioning. It is currently advantages afforded by increased traffic spans the region from north to south, with _Control and monitoring and surveillance of the work and for performing the same task for the 18 stops in seven different towns, cross- of infrastructure works. validation, all within the framework of implementation of ERTMS level 2.« ing the two largest stations in the country _Rolling stock tests. the system supplied by the temporary located in the capital: Chamartín and Ato- joint venture formed by Dimetronic and »

20 21 Line C4 of Madrid is one of the highest traffic in Spain, with 200,000 users a day, 18 stations and 62.2 kilometres

Civia entering Colmenar Viejo station.

THE WORK, non-certified versions of the eurocabins test cases. This was the starting point Evaluation this case Adif, can use to issue the Safety STEP BY STEP and the track. for defining a common European format. Certificate required for entry in service. To shorten the duration of the The results of the tests, the analysis Independent safety evaluation process and simplify its execution in a of the test cases and the detected Another of Ineco’s tasks was to check Evaluation of interoperability Project drafting commercial network with such a large incidents were included in test reports, compliance with regulations on safety A team from Ineco was involved in the The project in terms of infrastructure number of lines and great traffic intensity with special emphasis on cases with and risk management. In the railway agreement between the Railway’s General was promoted by the Railway’s as that of Madrid, field tests were sector, the set of regulations by Directorate and Cetren (the sole notified General Directorate of the Ministry conducted and, for the first time in an The works started in CENELEC (European Committee for body in Spain at the time of granting), of Development, and drafted by Ineco ERTMS project, the new Interoperability 2007 and have been Electrotechnical Standardisation) is used acting as an evaluator of compliance in 2005. It included the safety and laboratory of the CEDEX (Public Works as a reference for evaluating the safety of with the Technical Specifications communications installations of the Studies and Experimentation Centre of promoted by Spanish the signalling and control systems: UNE- for Interoperability (TSI) for Control, Atocha-Sol-Nuevos Ministerios- the Ministry of Development) in Madrid Ministry of Development, EN 50126, UNE-EN 50128 and UNE-EN Command and Signalling, in order to CEDEX laboratory in Madrid, Spain. Chamartín tunnel, and the installation was used. through the Railway’s 50129. Compliance with these standards obtain the interoperability certification for of the ERTMS system on the Madrid While the CEDEX team was in charge General Directorate is also part of the interoperability the ERTMS L1 subsystem installed in commuter railway lines that would use of hardware integration of data and was made of the DMI (Driver Machine requirements for the on-board and track the track, which mainly consists of this new tunnel. Work began in mid supplier equipment in the lab, Ineco Interface), which displays information unsatisfactory results. These reports equipment. checking coherence between the selected 2007.« selected and executed the test cases by to the driver, and notes were taken on were received, analysed and approved by design and that finally put in service.« building scenarios to check the technical incidents, state of signalling and track the committee made up of the Railway’s The task of the Independent Safety Execution and test compatibility between the on-board and situation (temporary speed limits, General Directorate of the Ministry of Assessor (ISA), in this case Ineco, is to track equipment.« occupied track circuits, timers, etc.), Development, Adif, Renfe and Ineco. certify that the system is safe according After the work was awarded to the extracting data from the legal record to these standards. For this purpose, it Project milestones joint venture Thales-Dimetronic and Data and reports for subsequent analysis. Ineco provided Among the new aspects of the project follows a predetermined methodology Ô This is the first time that ERTMS the technical assistance for works support to the work team made up of the it is worth noting the coexistence of a that includes data gathering and has been installed on a complex management was awarded to Ineco by Many data were gathered in the field Railway’s General Directorate, Adif and testing sector adjacent to a sector in analysis, detection of potential hazards commuter rail line, with over 200,000 the Railway’s General Directorate, the and laboratory tests. A video recording Renfe in the creation of the format of the construction. In order to isolate the pilot users per day, 18 stations –two of which next step involved selecting a testing sector from the rest, a new national The task of the are the largest in Spain; Atocha and area in which the impact on traffic and function was developed, FN125.« Independent Safety Chamartín–, and a length of 62.2 km. maintenance was as small as possible. ERTMS in commuter rail vs. high-speed Assessor (ISA), in this Ô It is also the first time that tests The selected pilot sector was that Among the novel situations that were n The need, for operation purposes, to Validation case Ineco, is to certify were conducted in the reference between Tres Cantos and Colmenar encountered (which do not exist in high- have segments with temporary speed laboratory of Cedex. Viejo. One of the main problems involved speed rail) are the following: limits lower than in the track circuit (the After validating the pilot sector between that the system is safe Ô Another novelty was the having to conduct dynamic tests for both distance between the limits has been Tres Cantos and Colmenar Viejo according to regulations development of a new national function infrastructure and rolling material using n The existence of separation sensors reduced to approximately 200 metres). and certifying the eurocabins, tests on safety and risk (specific adaptation of software) in interlockings that are not compatible continued on the rest of the line to management to allow the coexistence of ERTMS with the timers of the ERTMS movement n Those resulting from implementing Chamartín station. The pilot sector was segments in service with segments authorisation sectors for operation. an ERTMS system on a line that is also used to train drivers.« and resolution proposals. All of this being tested or under construction. already in use: for example, very documentation is included in the ‘safety Ô It is the first time that n The creation of new strategies for short distances to the danger point, dossier’. communication has been achieved executing the large number of line obsolete kilometre marks, RS The process ends with the evaluation of between two RBCs with different exit transitions: Line C4 has 30 level sleepers or the presence of electric the final safety case and the publication technology. transitions. interlockings.« of a report that the railway authorities, in

22 23 ROADS | Europe | Secondary roads prevention The examiner examined Pilot4safety, European training for road safety experts

With the collaboration of Elena Puente, civil engineer (Roads Department)

For two years, the European Five countries and a common project… » Commission has promoted Over two years (from 1 June 2010 to 31 observer, who travelled to each of the a common pilot training experience May 2012), five regional or local institutions member countries, which in turn acted from Spain, Italy, Denmark, Greece as hosts. In total, five audits and as many for professionals in charge of road and the Czech Republic have acted as inspections were performed. audits and inspections, particularly members and hosts of a project endowed Ineco collaborated with the government secondary roads. Ineco has with a budget of 1.3 million euros. The of Catalonia, which audited two road Forum of European National Highway projects: local road C-242, with a length been assisting the government Research Laboratories (FEHRL) acted of 25 kilometres, in Lerida (Spain), and of Catalonia, one of the participating as the coordinator. Research institutes a bypass in the Czech city of Chýnov. In European members. such as the Belgian Road Research the former case it teamed up with the Centre (BRRC), the Austrian Institute of Italian member Astral, the road manager 1 small video camera installed in- Technology (AIT) and the German Federal side a car’s windshield records the Highway Research Institute (BASt) also Harmonising road road and the GPS display, identi- collaborated. In addition, it enjoyed the A (AEC) examiners training in fying and locating each segment that collaboration of the companies that Europe will make easier the car travels on. In the meantime, the supported the members, such as Ineco or the application of common technicians travelling onboard observe arretera the Danish company COWI, and the Italian C road safety standards la and record the state of road signs, safety universities of Roma TRE and Catania. de barriers, visibility of crossings, the radi- All of these debated and put together of the Lazio region, and in the latter with ola

us of the curves and many other details. ñ a study plan and a manual of procedures CDV, the Directorate General of Roads

The path is travelled several times, in the spa to be used as a reference text for future and Highways of the Czech Republic. As E n

day and at night, and in different weather ó road inspectors and auditors. However, regards inspections of roads in service, conditions. The result is a comprehensive Pilot4safety was not just about exchanging the Spanish technicians and the Danish

view of the safety of the road that makes sociaci experiences and ‘good practices’: it technicians from the town of Randers A it possible to detect and correct the defi- has also been put to the test. As part of checked road C-155 in Sabadell. They 2 ciencies found, which will be specified in dits, has provided technical support to validity of the certification. This lack of the training courses held in Brussels, also inspected provincial road 25 A, in a detailed report. the government of Catalonia, one of the homogeneity is an obstacle to the appli- technicians formed mixed teams with the Central Macedonia Region of Greece, members of the project. cation of common road safety standards. one local and one foreign expert, plus one together with local technicians.« A pilot experience This is a pilot experience which for two For both audits and inspections, the This is the fieldwork performed by road years brought together regional institu- public institutions or operators entrust …for an European training syllabus safety inspectors, such as those who tions, road investigation institutes and accredited experts to check the design The conclusions of Pilot4safety suggest road safety engineering and/or accident participated in Pilot4safety, a project universities from eight different European and elements of the roads –signalling, that the ideal duration of the training analysis. These conclusions have been cofinanced by the DG MOVE (Directorate countries with the purpose of preparing a layout, conditions of pavement, inter- period should be two weeks (plus another communicated in activities such as the General for Mobility and Transport) of common training syllabus for technicians sections, tunnels, etc.–, so that they can two weeks for studying the documentation workshops organised by Ineco on 3 May, 3 the European Commission. The group of that analyse roads and, more specifically, detect deficiencies and propose possible before attending the courses), and a final in collaboration with the government of experts was completed by the auditors, conventional interurban roads. The fact is solutions. The main difference is that exam enabling them to obtain a renewable Catalonia, on the subject of road safety 1_Inecos’s inspector with GPS. whose work allows road studies and pro- that these inspectors receive prior train- while audits begin at the project stage, certificate with a three-year validity. It is audits and inspections. The project was 2_Inspection vehicle showed in the jects to include road safety criteria from ing that has not yet been harmonised inspections are performed on roads in estimated that applicants should have also presented in the 3rd Iberoamerican manual. It has the obligatory safety the outset. Ineco, which already had prior throughout the European Union, so that use, as part of an integral road safety an engineering education and at least Congress on Road Safety held in Colombia road signals. experience in road inspections and au- each country differs in the duration and programme.« three-year experience in road design, from 12 to 16 June 2012.« 3_Inspector’s training in Brussels.

24 25 It has been found that audits and inspections reduce the number and seriousness of traffic accidents on secondary roads

ESTRATEGIES the early 90’s, they have been shown to which record the highest mortality AND OBJECTIVES be highly effective prevention tools for rates. Road safety reducing the number and seriousness Thus, although in absolute numbers of traffic accidents. However, they are there are more accidents in urban prevention tools only mandatory for roads included areas, there are more deaths in lthough throughout Europe in the European Transport Network, interurban roads. In Spain, according accident rates and deaths show a despite the fact that it is conventional to data from the Directorate General of Aclear downward trend in the last or ‘secondary’ roads –i.e., those found Traffic, 75% of accidents with victims decade, the road safety strategies of outside urban areas, paved, with a occurring out of urban areas took place the European Union up until 2020 have single carriageway and two lanes– on conventional roads.« set the goal of reducing the current number of deaths by half. One of the Traffic accidents in the European Union (2010) proposed measures is to unify and raise the safety level of European roads, Accidents Fatalities for which purpose Directive 2008/96/ urban road EC regulates the implementation of highway highway road safety audits and inspections. urban road Spain incorporated this Directive to its legislation by means of a decree country road in 2011. Ever since these tests were first country road performed in the United Kingdom in www.adif.es

Adif is proud to be part of the consortium made up of Spanish companies Other Ineco work on road safety Our technology goes a long that will build and be responsible for operating the new high-speed rail line connecting the cities of Medina and Mecca, a major project with an investment ÔRoad safety inspections ÔRoad safety audit the conditioning of road A-348. Segment: of more than €6,700 million. The desert high-speed train will link both cities in From 2008 to 2010 Ineco inspected the _For the Study and executive project for Lanjarón-Órgiva (Granada). way, more than 5,000 approximately two hours and a half at more than 300 kilometers per hour. Adif, 3,955 km stretch of Andalusia’s constructing the second stretch from _For informative study phase B: connection a public enterprise that is accountable to the Ministry of Public Works of Spain, complementary road network, which km 69+100 to km 108+200, including options between the dual carriageway kilometers from here will export its knowledge and technology; an expertise acquired after decades required 32 days of fieldwork and generated connections, structures, drainage work, Trujillo-Cáceres (A-58) and the Autovía de working on railway development and promotion projects in Spain, which has made us the European leaders in high-speed systems. Adif takes on with enthusiasm its 320 GB of information. signalling, complementary works and la Plata dual carriageway (A-66), around role as the company that will coordinate the work of the construction companies, the collection booths for the road segment Cáceres. Medina-Jeddah-Mecca line, 444 kilometers commissioning of the line, its operation and that of the stations, train circulation, safety, ÔInnovation projects Guadalajara–Colima, in Mexico. and line maintenance tasks for the next 12 years. Adif spares no effort for Spain to export Involved as a member in project RIPCORD- _For the construction project: Individual ÔSupport Plans of Spanish high-speed lines in Saudi Arabia its high-speed systems, maybe the best high-speed systems in the world. ISEREST (2005-2007), included in the 6th local improvements to road LZ-2 between Since 2009, Ineco lends support to the Framework Programme of the European kp 12+600 (Mácher roundabout) and kp Ministry of Development for drafting Union. Its purpose was to develop various 14+400 (Playa Quemada roundabout). projects, coordinating, monitoring and predictive tools for improving road safety. Its Island of Lanzarote. controlling the First Generation Highway contributions were included in Pilot4safety. _For the construction project involving Adaptation Programme.

26 27 AERONAUTICal | SPAIN | Positioning and identification in airfields Blind-spot-free surveillance Comissioning of the multilateration system in Barcelona

By Rafael Marín, aeronautical engineer, and Cristina Membrado, telecommunications engineer (CNS Systems Department)

Ineco has collaborated with HOW IT WORKS » Aena in the comissioning of the The system processes several radio signals multilateration system, which is t is based on processing signals from means of the Mode-S 24 bit data link. able to locate and identify, even transponder units fitted in aircraft When the element is an aircraft, it will in low-visibility conditions, any Iand other moving vehicles. The provide the information data that the aircraft or vehicle moving on the signals emitted by the transponders system will then use to associate it with are captured by receiving stations that the corresponding flight plan. All of surface of the airfield. This solution retransmit the signals they receive this information is provided to the air has been integrated in SACTA, in real time to a central processing controller. Aena’s air-traffic control system. station. The position is determined by measuring the time difference in the ONSCREEN INFORMATION The greater the number multilateration system came into arrival of these signals. The controller can view the position of antennas, the service last March at Barcelona These time differences allow several of each vehicle or aircraft within one airport, enabling it to increase its hyperbolic surfaces to be generated that greater the accuracy. A second, as well as its identification. traffic handling capabilities in both normal define a position. At least four signal A total of 32 antennas and reduced visibility conditions, with low receivers are needed to accurately have been installed at cost and with a low environmental impact. Barcelona airport The multilateration system complements the surface surveillance systems already The position At Barcelona airport, 32 remote is determined in service, by providing greater accuracy reception stations make up the by measuring in the location of vehicles and aircraft in constellation of antennas of the the time the airfield. At the same time, it supplies system that ensures an accurate and difference information to identify the vehicles and reliable location in real time, as well as in the arrival provides other relevant data for coordi- of the signals. identification within range, supplying nating takeoffs and landings.« new information to the tower controller. This is a critical function, as it is their determine the position of a moving responsibility to separate aircraft from Ineco’s contribution and experience object. When the position of a new each other and from other vehicles in moving object has been detected, the the airport regardless of visibility levels. n All traffic on the surface of the airfield participating in the design, definition of n Previously, the company has also and the behaviour of the system. This system proceeds to its identification. In This requires an accurate knowledge is displayed to the controller in the specifications and testing of the continuous collaborated on the coming into operation analysis is remotely performed based Barcelona, seven interrogating stations of the position and identification of the control station of SACTA, the Automated updates. These changes respond to of multilateration systems in the Palma on the definition and execution of a indicate the identification parameters aircraft, as well as their direction of Air-Traffic Control System used by variations in traffic demands, the de Mallorca (2005), Asturias (2007) and testing plan used for remote work from of the moving element. Identification is motion. Aena in all control towers and centres it introduction of improvements, advanced Madrid-Barajas (2011) airports. the Experimentation and Development performed by selective interrogations. It is worth noting that multilateration operates, and a worldwide reference in functions or standards, compliance with Centre in Madrid; and at a later stage, in In this phase, information on the identity systems are not limited to positioning air-traffic management technology and regulations or incorporation of new n Currently, Ineco is collaborating in the the control towers. of the moving element is acquired by moving elements on the ground. There capabilities (see itransporte 25). Ineco has integrated systems, as is the case of start-up of a multilateration system at are also stations with the necessary collaborated with Aena since 1998 in the the multilateration system at Barcelona the Tenerife Norte airport, analysing the range to detect aircraft in flight, development and engineering of SACTA, airport. signal received (data quality and integrity) in a similar manner performed by conventional radar systems.«

28 29 The multilateration system can operate in low-visibility conditions, it is quick and reliable, improves coverage in complex orography and has a lower cost than radar systems

Surface control System elements Closely related to the multilateration system, and to the latter’s functions, ÔANTENNA SYSTEMS ÔGROUND STATION is the A-SMGCS (Advanced Surface Composed of several antennas or In charge of calculating the data of the Movement Guidance & Control sensors distributed throughout the various aircraft or vehicles identified, System). Developed by ICAO, surroundings and areas of the airport supplying for each one their position, the International Civil Aviation (taxiways, runways, approach paths). speed, identification, altitude, etc. Organisation, and Eurocontrol, the They are in charge of receiving emissions This calculation is performed considering European air safety agency, it defines from vehicle transponders. the data received by the different the requirements that must be fulfilled multilateration stations or sensors that by control systems intended to provide ÔAIRCRAFT OR LAND have been installed within the airfield VEHICLE TRANSPONDERS geography. These are on-board systems in charge of replying with the vehicle identification ÔFIXED REFERENCE and aircraft altitude (in take-off or TRANSFORMERS landing situations). They send signals to receiving stations with a known position in order to calibrate and adjust the signals.

Benefits and advantages over other Although generally visual control is performed in control towers (see right), surveillance systems eustadt the use of automated systems such as eustadt N N o o n The multilateration system period of air radars. High reliability in the l SACTA is essential. Bottom: MML antenna. l ab ab provides considerable improvement detection of vehicles. P P in the management, safety and fluidity safe control and guidance of aircraft on of operations of the vehicles n Improved surveillance coverage in Repercussions on the airfield surface. moving in the airport area. Mainly complex landscapes or with elements control system The multilateration system allows for aircrafts, but also for all other that may generate blind spots airports to reach A-SMGCS level 1, ground vehicles, regardless in the emission of a radar antenna. By integrating systems such as the different air-traffic control centres. which involves having the systems of environmental and visibility multilateration system, SACTA offers The SACTA system is in constant and procedures necessary to obtain conditions. n Lower installation, operation a more efficient tower control service, evolution, due to the changes in traffic accurate information on the operations and maintenance costs than conventional enabling air traffic control in adverse demand to include new improvements, that occur on the airport surface, n Faster refresh rate of displayed radars. conditions, such as low visibility due advanced functions, standards and regardless of visibility conditions.« data than in other systems: once per to weather factors (fog, rain...). It also compliance with regulations. It also second, corresponding to the frequency supplies detailed information, using the incorporates information on new of multilateration data, instead of four radar systems, flight plan information, integrated systems, such as the or more seconds corresponding to the weather information, etc. and allows for the multilateration system at Barcelona coordination of information between the airport.«

30 31 HIGH SPEED | TURKEY | Ankara-Istanbul line The Yüksek Hızlı Tren steams towards Istanbul High speed in the heart of Anatolia

With the collaboration of Pedro Elizalde, civil engineer (Department of Railway Maintenance and Equipment)

» Spanish companies in Turkey Spanish investment has continued to grow in recent years, and the development of the transportation sector requires the services of construction and engineering firms such as Ineco, which was awarded its first contract in Turkey in 2010.

n The OHL Group, which had already built a 206 km section of the Ankara- Istanbul line between Hasanbey and Esenkent, also participates in the new tunnel under the Bosphorus, together with Invensys Rail Dimetronic. The latter firm, operating in the country since 2008, is carrying out four projects

i related to the development and installation of railway signalling and W. L. L W.

ke control equipment and has offices in

Lu Ankara and Istanbul.

Ineco participates in one of the n the centre of the Anatolia peninsular, adaptation of the line (Yüksek Hızlı Tren, were inaugurated to Inönü, meaning that An additional goal of the project is to re- n Thales Spain, manufacturer of largest railway projects in Turkey: the geographical centre of Turkey, is Turkish for high-speed train) to speeds in total over 50% of the new line is already duce congestion on the Ankara-Eskişehir railway signalling equipment and IAnkara, the capital since 1923. How- of up to 250 km/h, a complex project that operative. highway, as well as air pollution. In ad- systems, has been working in Turkey the adaptation of the Ankara-Istanbul ever, the historic city of Istanbul, on the includes work on renewing the existing dition, when it is completed the line will since the 90's and is also taking part in line to speeds of up to 250 km/h. Bosphorus strait, triples its population alignment and constructing new sections. A project in progress connect Europe and Asia through the the Ankara–Istanbul high-speed line; This is a vital infrastructure for with 12.9 million inhabitants, according The first phase of the project, between In the meantime, work on the rest of the underwater tunnel being built under the in 2009 it opened a subsidiary based modernising transportation in the to the census of 2009. A railway line of 576 Ankara and Eskişehir, 276 kilometres alignment continues to advance from east Bosphorus strait, known as Project Mar- in the capital. CAF has built 10 high- kilometres built in the early 20th century long, entered into service in 2009. In to west, towards Istanbul. According to maray. In both projects it is worth noting speed trains that run between Ankara country, as well as an extremely connects the two cities, linking the offi- March 2012 an additional 30 kilometres the TCDD, once the work is completed the participation of Spanish companies and Inönü, as well as rolling stock complex project from a technical cial capital and the main economic centre. (which according to estimates by the such as OHL, Dimetronic, CAF or Thales for the Antalya tram and the Izmir standpoint, which is now in at the However, although it is one of the most Ministry of Industry will require at least Spain, as well as Ineco, which provides commuter railway. Adif also signed a important cities in the country, 75% of the When the work is another two years), the total length will be technical assistance in the high-speed collaboration agreement with TCDD in half-way line. line has a single track, resulting in trip completed, the time of the 533 kilometres of line, able to carry 50,000 section between Inönü and Köseköy.« 2008 by virtue of which it has already times of over six hours. trip from Istanbul to Ankara passengers daily, 78% more than before, provided technical assistance to its For this reason the TCDD, the state will have been reduced and the trip duration will be reduced from Turkish counterpart. railway organisation, has promoted the from six to three hours six to three hours.

32 33 The entire project is highly complex due to seismic activity, the effect on urban areas and the rugged terrain in some sections

MODERNISATION OF program for all of its transportation quarters of the current line is a single two sections: section 1, from Köseköy to in an area with high seismic risk such TRANSPORT networks. These plans include track, with the exception of the section Vezirhan, and section 2, from Vezirhan as Turkey are of great importance. To do The work, section Focus on railways opening management and operation between Istanbul and Köseköy, and to Inönü. The contractor is the same so, the jet-grouting technique has been to the private sector and expanding several sections between Eskişehir and in both, a consortium formed by two used to improve over 30 kilometres of by section or an economy and a population and renewing infrastructures. This Inönü. Between the latter and Ankara, the Turkish companies, Cengiz and Içtaş, ground under the alignment, modifying A total of 306 kilometres are in service in strong expansion, the represents a great effort, as reflected line is already operating with high-speed which are in charge of the infrastructure, the number and length of tunnels and in the following sections: Fperformance and capacity of the in the official figures: in 2011, 28.2% performance since 2009. The remaining and two Chinese companies, CRCC and viaducts among other structures. The n Ankara - Sincan, 24 km existing railway network has proven to of public investment was dedicated to 217 kilometres are under construction.« CMC, which work on the superstructure alignment itself was also changed at n Sincan - Esenkent ,15 km be insufficient to absorb the growing transportation, with the greatest share (track, electrification, signalling some points, such as in the town of n Esenkent - Eskişehir, 206 km demand in passengers and freight. At (13.7%) dedicated to rail.« The Inönü-Köseköy section and telecommunications). Both the Bozüyük, where it was decided to move n Eskişehir - Inönü, 30 km the same time, roads (the main mode Ineco, together with its local partner, development of the projects and the the line away from the urban centre due (since March 2012) of transportation, accounting for 95% of The line the Turkish consultancy firm UBM, execution of the work have undergone to the effect on the urban area and the The following are still under passengers and 90% of freight in 2009) This is the context for the construction provides consultancy and construction changes to deal with the complexity conventional railway line. construction: have become increasingly congested. of the Ankara-Istanbul high-speed line supervision services on the central of the work. The Turkish government In the first section, (100 kilometres), n Inönü - Köseköy, 150 km For this reason, the government of the based on the existing conventional line, stretch, Inönü–Köseköy, which at 150 decided in 2008 to modify the original it is worth noting the complex process (Ineco/UBM) Republic initiated at the beginning of which in some sections will be conserved kilometres long is the longest section in projects in order to solve issues such as of expropriations in Sapanca, a tourist n Köseköy - Gebze, 56 km this decade an ambitious modernisation exclusively for freight. Almost three construction. This is in turn divided into landslides or ground liquefaction, which location on the shores of the eponymous» n Gebze - Istanbul, 44 km Bosphorus Strait Black Sea Köseköy Istanbul Alignment of the Ankara- Lake Inönü-Köseköy Ineco's role Marmara N Istanbul high-speed line Sapanca Section Since July 2010, Ineco and its partner Gebze UBM provide consultancy and Sea of Köseköy Area of continuous construction supervision services, Marmara tunnels and viaducts Pamukova which includes: Geyve n Review of the construction project Viaduct in construction above highway Section of action Pamukova valley and contractor's documentation and tunnel in the background. Viaduct and tunnel near Bozüyük. Mekece n Defining the quality assurance Vezirhan system Ankara Turkey (Anatolia) Sincan n Monitoring of the contractor's work programme Esenkent Osmaneli n Qualitative, geometric and Inönü quantitative control of the works Eskişehir Vezirhan n Budgetary monitoring Crossings with Black sea Eskose hir-Istanbul highway n Environmental measures Istanbul n As-built project supervision Sea of Köseköy Bilecik Trabzon Marmara Ankara n Final report Tunnel 26 (the longest in the section) Anatolia Izmir Konya Works advance from east to Bozüyük Antalya west towards Istanbul.

Three successive tunnels between Mediterranean sea The Ankara-Inönü section Bozüyük and Bilezik. 100 km is currently in service. Inönü Installation of track panels.

34 35 The work includes the duplication, ROADS | spain | Sustainable spaces electrification and renewal of the track; Pegaso City opens its wings telecommunications, new stations Development of an old industrial park and maintenance installations By Amador Álvarez, civil engineer (Department of Roads)

A modern business park in the east of Madrid Providing adequate worksites for the new century this is the aim of Pegaso City, which will offer its future users large Material provision area green spaces, restaurants, gyms and near Pamukova. child care services inside the business park, with the LEED environmental certification for all of its buildings. Its 520,000 m2 of building area will make Pegaso City one of the largest business Partial view of some of the buildings designed. parks in Madrid. Its location will allow On the right, the completed Aena headquarters buildings. future links to Barajas airport as well as to the Alameda de Osuna underground With its sustainable buildings, a and starting the work, Ineco also provided strong emphasis on green spaces technical advice to the City Council of Ma- OVERCOMING OBSTACLES drid and to the owners of the land. The railway alignment crosses the and its proximity to Barajas airport, highway between Eskişehir and Istanbul the future business park in the Reutilisation of rubble several times. In the image, viaduct eastern part of Madrid is starting to Particularly noteworthy is the action pro- 16 near Osmaneli. Track works, also in Pamukova. become a reality. tocol designed by Ineco for the reutilisa- tion of more than 6,000 m3 of concrete he Pegaso City business park is lo- from the demolished buildings located lake. In the area between this town and Since July 2010, Ineco to the stability of the embankments cated in part of the former grounds on the development site. This material, Geyve, known as the Doğançay Passage, and its partner UBM observed in another nearby construction Tof the emblematic Pegaso motor after suitable treatment, was used as a the original alignment has been changed provide consultancy and project, the highway between Eskişehir vehicle factory (nowadays Iveco), and sublayer in the construction of roads in considerably, as it did not conform well construction supervision and Istanbul, which is parallel to the new forms part of the Partial Programme for the development, with excellent results. to the demands of high-speed rail. For railway at many points. In addition, the Internal Renovation of APR.20.07 in Ma- This action represented an unquestion- this reason, TCDD decided to eliminate services for the project original alignment had many crossing drid, next to highways A-2 and M-21 and a able environmental achievement, allow- station and the San Fernando de Henares this section from the contract in force points with the conventional track, which short distance from Barajas airport. ing a huge volume of material that would commuter rail station. and make it the object of a new tender. conditions of the natural ground to settle will remain in service, and effects on the Ineco has participated in this project otherwise have been sent to the rubbish It will have a central boulevard, large Finally, about 22 kilometres will run embankments and the risk of ground Sakarya river. from its beginnings, carrying out, be- dump to be recycled. green spaces and many trees coexisting almost continuously in tunnels and liquefaction. For this reason, jet-grouting Another significant change was the sides the development plan, the prelimi- The carrying out of the works was the with the modern buildings that are to on viaducts in order to overcome the was used to improve the foundation alignment of tunnel 26, the longest in nary plan for adapting the land, as well as responsibility of Dragados SA, a build- house companies with all types of needs. extremely rugged landscape in the conditions. the section, which initially ran very close additional projects organising access to ing company belonging to Grupo ACS, Aena has been the first organisation area. In the Pamukova valley between In the second section of the stretch (54 to the highway where the embankment the business park from the A-2 and M-21 commissioned by the owners of the land, to settle in the business park. Geyve and Mekece, with about 30 kilometres), at Vezirhan, changes to the collapses were observed. It was decided roads. During the stages of implementing Inmobiliaria Urbanitas, SL. The green kilometres of flat and sloping ground, original alignment were also made due to move it for this reason, resulting in an spaces were designed by the Dutch com- the main difficulty arose from the poor to the geotechnical problems related increase in its length.« pany West 8.«

36 37 Aeronautical | Spain | Operational Safety Management Systems Isolating risks New approach to airport safety management

By David Formariz, aeronautical engineer (Department of Aeronautical Operations and Services)

Since 2003, Ineco has worked with ‘when it happened’ and ‘who did it’. The Development and » Aena Aeropuertos in the ambitious safety recommendations associated with implementation project of defining and implementing the investigation concluded by assigning The implementation of the SMS in the airport blame, resulting in personnel recycling or must be tailored to each organisation, the Safety Management Systems even punishment. so that it is solid and effective, and integrated (SMS) in its network of airports. in its daily operations. Some basic premises To achieve this, the company has a Preventing human error are necessary to lay down the grounds A characteristic feature of this approach which allow the project to be completed team of experienced engineers who was that operational safety recommen- successfully: specialise in the development and dations addressed the immediate and 1_An initial phase including a gap analysis implantation of these systems. specific safety problem identified as the and the definition of policies and goals cause of the safety failure, ignoring the regarding operational safety. context and circumstances in which it oc- 2_Project planning, with manageable steps, bsolute operational safety does not curred. Although it is true that most acci- in view of the characteristics and complexity exist; there is always a residual risk dents are ultimately due to human error, of the organisation. Aassociated with any activity. With attributing them to these errors will not 3_Generation of a new work philosophy that this premise, operational safety is defined provide an answer to the question ‘Why involves all the staff and changes the point of as the conditions under which the risk of did the accident happen?’ and ‘How did view of the organisation. injury to persons or material damage due it happen?’ By means of the gap analysis, the strengths to activities generated as a result of air- and weaknesses of the airport are identified, port activities is reduced to an acceptable allowing for the prioritisation of the existing level, and is maintained or reduced by a ICAO has created needs in accordance with the four pillars continuous process of risk identification the regulations needed of the SMS: policy and goals; safety risk and management. to develop and management; safety assurance; and safety Aeroplane in the fog implement the SMS promotion. When there is fog in an airport, it is What, when and who The next step involves defining a structure essential to apply low-visibility procedures. Until the early 90’s, safety management Human error is a symptom of the exist- of responsibilities and establishing a The indicators associated with proper

models used in the aeronautical industry ence of a deeper problem with the system, ry policy that considers the organisation’s compliance with these procedures permit

were mainly based on analysing human and as it is inevitable it is necessary to hbu commitments. the identification of potential operational error. Accident investigation focused, design airport infrastructures, facilities risks and guarantee safety. ve Hig in the absence of technical failures, on and procedures that will ‘tolerate’ errors, a n The Safety Manager will be in charge of D detecting improper assessments, erro- that is, in which system failures will not promoting the implementation of the SMS and neous decisions and faulty judgment by lead to accidents. Operational Safety Management Sys- SMS in place, setting out guidelines for its involving the remaining airport units in this Organisation Defences staff, so that the result of this investiga- In this sense, in the early 90’s a concep- procedures, tems (SMS) constitute the framework implementation in the operational Safety objective: tion was determining ‘what happened’, tual revolution took place due to professor management The instruction, in which this new working philosophy is Management Manual (Doc. 9859). Accor- _Guaranteeing that the contribution of airport decisions workplace tec h nology James Reason, who established a model organisational applied, resulting in a new management ding to these criteria, Aena Aeropuertos activities to aviation safety is optimum, as the processes People Accident that is in place to this day. According to working approach. With this in mind, the ICAO has began work with Ineco’s support on de- prime objective above all others. this model, active errors of personnel conditions created the regulations needed to deve- veloping an SMS model applicable to the _Safety Management for airport activities will Errors and occur within an operational context that incident í lop and implement these systems in the airports in its network.« be a formal, explicit and systematic activity of includes a set of latent conditions associ- aeronautical industry. For airports, Annex a preventive nature. ated with the organisation. latent conditions 14 requires all certified airports to have an

38 39 Of these processes, the risk management system is the basic pillar for safety management

R eactive processes P roactive processes Predictive processes Communication Managing potential Generic process for hazard identifi cation and risk analysis Identifying latent culture risks Airport design hazards Airside operations hese establish mechanisms to he identification of potential Emergency procedures he purpose of analysing the daily ensure gathering of information risks by assessing the different Traffic management activities of the staff is to gain System Ton accidents or incidents Tactivities (management of Estimating severities Tknowledge on daily activities in the airport, so that their analysis infrastructures, procedures, existing operation in airport operations. To this end, provides lessons learned to be environment and organisational The risk Operational Safety Indicators are a communicated to all airport staff. aspects) and the changes that take Identifying powerful predictive tool for evaluating System hazards Estimating acceptable? place is one of the pillars of the SMS. description and their the risk tolerable? yes It is essential consequences To this end, proactive processes with a A powerful predictive to create a view to the future are developed. tool to evaluate airport communication Of these processes, the risk NO culture with staff management system is the basic Estimating probabilities activities and avoid pillar for safety management. The risks in the airport members yes analysis of potential consequences The risk Identifying To ensure that it is effective, it is of the hazards (risks) measured in acceptable? mitigation airport activities with relevant impact NO essential to create a communication terms of probability and severity will tolerable? measures on Operational Safety. Their design and It is necessary to involve culture in the airport in which staff allow for the determining of how the all working units in the analysis allow for the identification of members are willing to communicate airport perceives these consequences system operation latent hazards, which permits the taking errors and incidents in which they are so that they adopt the necessary of measures in order to solve deviations. involved or which they witness. measures accordingly to eliminate or For example, an increase in the Creating this culture requires mitigate them to the lowest level that is indicator regarding the number of non- implementing the non-punitive principle reasonably achievable. routine activities of the airport Fauna in communications, understood When guaranteeing that this process The design of the risk management has developed a quantitative model for Pane_probabilities / severities Control Service shows that there has as an atmosphere of trust in which is applied effectively, it is essential procedure and its application require calculating probabilities for runway been an increase in the presence of birds the staff is encouraged to provide to involve in the identification of risks a thorough knowledge of risk analysis runoffs, based on data from accidents or other animals in the airport premises, information. This principle is explicitly and experience with airport operation. and incidents that have occurred in the ility which may be due to hazards such as the stated in the Safety Policy and is It involves developing qualitative aeronautical industry. bab obable existence of new areas near the airport Severity ro ery emote Ineco is preparing P V Improbable notified to all staff members.« and quantitative methodologies for Other proactive tools for identifying impr R OccasionalFrequent that attract birds (ponds, dumps...) or Safety Studies based estimating the probability of risks and potential hazards in airports are Catastrophic l l l l l improper maintenance of the peripheral on data of incidents assigning their severity. internal monitoring, Safety Committees, Dangerous l l l l l fence that allows easy entry of animals in the aeronautical Preparing the aeronautical safety which gather airport operators, Important into the airport, with the resulting industry studies, which evaluate deviations from operational safety communications /Major l l l l l hazards to aircraft operation.« technical standards for airports and made by airport staff, and external Unimportant and hazards all the units involved determine alternative measures that provider monitoring.« /Minor l l l l l in the operation of the airport (ATC, ensure operational safety, requires the Insignificant l l l l l airport and air navigation maintenance, application of the risk management airport operations, airlines and ground processes. Ineco is preparing these lAcceptable lT olerable lUnacceptable assistance, etc.). Safety Studies, for which purpose it

40 41 RAILWAYS | Spain | Network architecture MPLS, high-speed technology Data labelling provides speed and safety

By Víctor Andrés Martín, telecommunications engineer (Department of Signalling and Telecommunications)

The MLPS protocol is a data The backbone different railway services. This allows the intermediate routers or LSRs (Label packet switching technology of railway for the development of a multi-tier Switching Routers). that was first developed in the networking topology that provides A table of labels guarantees greater communications customers with a service that ensures transit speed, shorter transmission 90’s, and is currently the basis The origins of MPLS communications quality, availability and scalability. time between two devices (shorter for railway telecommunications technology date from the late 1990’s. latency) and therefore greater networks on high-speed lines. It was created in order to unify the How does it work? communication speeds. This benefits provided at the time by the MPLS is a package switching association between labels creates a IP protocol regarding information technology that establishes virtual virtual circuit known as an LSP (Label o guarantee the effective opera- routing, and the ATM (Asynchronous paths between nodes, enabling Switched Path). This circuit simulates tion of information systems on Transfer Mode) technology for bidirectional communication between the construction of a communications Thigh-speed railways, communica- sending packages by consulting and two devices in the network along a tunnel. tion must also take place at the maxi- exchanging labels. ‘dedicated path’. The ingress router mum possible speed. Multiprotocol Label After significant R&D developments to the MPLS domain that receives Redundancy mechanisms Switching (MPLS) consists in a commu- in the 21st century, MPLS has become A basic premise is ensuring full service nications protocol that transports infor- the backbone technology for railway Ineco participates in availability. Ring physical topologies or mation at high speeds with short failure telecommunication architectures 1+1 redundancy are some of the design recovery times, and constitutes the basis on high-speed lines in Spain. An all the MPLS deployment rules used to ensure this availability. of current networking architectures in architecture known as the Data stages on Spanish The MPLS configuration has a primary telecommunications networks on high- Exploitation Network (in Spanish, high-speed railway tunnel and several backup tunnels

speed lines.« Red de Datos de Explotación, RDE), g for reaching a specific destination. enabling a large switching capacity, this information is known as the LER These are protection paths that are ltin long-distance links and high speeds; (Label Edge Router); depending on u switched among them if links are down, ns

it has a Data Access Network (in the destination IP address, a label Co with convergence times of under 50 Spanish, Red de Acceso de Datos, will be added to its header, which is milliseconds.« arrier

RAD) to allow transmit access to the consulted, replaced and forwarded by C Ineco’s experience in MPLS technology Information transmission ip LABEl interface ADDRESS INGRESS label interface “2” “A” i2 label n Ineco has participated in various projects ÔDESIGN STAGE PHASE ÔCONSTRUCTION PHASE “3” “B” i2 “D” “F” i3 ÔTESTING PHASE where this technology is used, such as the Ineco plays an active role in the deployment The construction phase involves a more “4” “C” i1 “E” “G” i2 The testing phase is used to debug the Madrid-Albacete-Valencia and Ourense- of MPLS telecommunications infrastructures. intensive contribution of Ineco’s accumulated ➊ ➌ activated configurations, performing the field 1 B dir. IP”3” D dir. IP”3” Santiago high-speed lines, already in use, The design phase defines the architecture of experience. The design engineering is ‘1’ Sends LSR installation, and finishing with the system a package : LER ➋ LSR and the Albacete-Alicante line, currently the Data Exploitation Network (in Spanish, performed in collaboration with the customer Ingress Point INGRESS label interface commissioning. Ineco collaborates throughout with a label MPLS under construction. Within these works Red de Datos de Explotación, RDE), the level and the technologist, and based on the destination IP “B” “D” i2 F dir. IP”3” Domain the lifetime of the project, providing its know- Ineco has carried out engineering design and that houses the MPLS routers and where topology defined in the design. address to ‘3’ “C” “E” i2 how obtained in the deployment of high-speed construction designs, consultancy, technical the communications tunnels for providing First the necessary services are analysed, 2 ➍ rail telecommunications networks. LER assistance and worksite control at the services are designed. configuring them as VPNs or VPLS, LER/LSR nodes : Egress Point construction stage, as well as participating in activating routing protocols and establishing LSP 1>4 ingress label INterface label LSP 1>3 3 4 maintenance. LSPs to transmit the information in the “F” i4 LSP 1>2 : : most efficient manner.

42 43 ROADS | mexico | Guadalajara-Colima highway A path that broadens horizons Progress in the improvement and modernisation tasks

By Daniel Esteban, civil engineer (Department of Roads)

Office building in Sayula. 2 2 Teocuitatlán links. The work continues after opening » 29 new kilometres of four-lane carriageway this summer, leaving under 30 kilometres to double. Impro- vements on this road were also made at tolls, accesses and connections.

neco is in charge of project management The works have included the for the expansion and modernisation expansion of the carriageway Iwork on the Guadalajara-Colima high- and the construction of several way in Mexico. This work is one of many overpasses at different levels. 1 1 2 2 tasks envisaged in the agreement signed with Banobras to act up to 2025 as ‘Admin- 1 1 2 istrator Agent and Supervisor’ for the road (see box), which has a length of 148 kilo- metres. It alternates free access and toll sections, and comprises four lanes, with the exception of the 58 kilometre stretch on which the improvement work is underway. In August, 29 kilometres were inaugurated bringing the new four-lane carriageways in- to service, in addition to three connections: Ciudad Guzmán, Atoyac and Teocuitatlán, In the image, a toll station. Bottom The new links will eliminate the as well as several overpasses that allow the left: load test. Bottom right: carriageway irregular accesses. The image shows existing irregular accesses to be closed.« expanded to four lanes. the Ciudad Guzmán link. Ineco on the Guadalajara-Colima Expansion to four lanes (1) Links, tolls and accesses (2) highway The lane doubling is about to be The modernisation work on the highway, n Banobras, the National Bank of Public Works and Services of completed on the first 34 km section, as which was built in 1983, consists in Mexico, implemented in 2010 a new highway management and well as on the first phase of the second adapting six links, constructing three toll operation model. In 2011, Ineco won a contract worth 37 million section of only 5 kilometres; there are stations and building several non-level euros to act until 2025 as ‘Administrator Agent and Supervisor’ another 19 kilometres left, which are crossings. In addition to remodelling and on the Guadalajara–Colima highway. It currently has a team of 24 somewhat separated from the current expanding the two existing toll points employees at its Guadalajara and Mexico City offices, as well as layout and travel over deep gorges. To (Acatlán and San Marcos), a third one has support staff onsite in work places. overcome these, 11 overpasses and 17 been built in Sayula. All are expected to n Ineco is also a majority shareholder of the Mexican company bridges, three of these over 520 m in be operative in 2013.« Inecomex, with which it collaborates in this project and in all other length, will be built. This last stretch will work carried out in Mexico. enter into service in early 2015.«

44 45 ROADS | mexico | Guadalajara-Colima highway Bridges ready Viaduct load tests, inspections and monitoring

By Justo Carretero and Pablo S. Gareta (Department of Architecture, Structures and Instrumentation) and Daniel Esteban (Department of Roads), civil engineers

Work at height to install displacement 3 measurement instruments on pile 2. Ineco is conducting a series of 3 inspection, monitoring and load testing activities for several bridges on the Guadalajara–Colima highway in Mexico. The company, which won a contract in 2011 to supervise the concession for 14 years, provides its 25-year experience in Spain and its own modern methodology. Load train, formed by three lorries with a total weight of 35 he works are being carried out tonnes, during the static load test. 1 throughout 2012 and form part of Tthe contract that Banobras (the 1 2 National Bank of Public Works and Ser- vices of Mexico) awarded to Ineco in 2011. 2 They will provide a substantial improve- ment in road safety and knowledge of the conditions and behaviour of some of the structures on the section, some of which have unique features. The Mexican gov- ernment is expanding this 148 kilome- tres highway built in 1983, which is part View of the bottom structure An inspector examines the At 140 metres, the Beltrán bridge, Equipment used to gather data during the load of an important road axis: Manzanillo- of the bridge (tested concrete metallic structure joined to the built in 1992, is the highest bridge in test. Above: displacement transducer installed on Tampico.« and replaced metal). top concrete slab. the state of Jalisco. one of the sections.

3 Load test on the El Nuevo bridge (1) Main inspection (2) Instrumentation and This viaduct, located very near the variations in operation conditions and In addition to this test, throughout the monitorisation (3) city of Colima, has a length of 145.4 those due to rehabilitation, expansion year a main inspection was performed The system installed on the El Beltrán metres distributed in three spans. or reinforcement work. They are for a three-slab bridge known as PSV bridge, near Colima, uses fibre optic The terrain required the bridge to be performed for rail and road structures, Carretera Federal 68+720. technology, from its sensors, amplifiers instrumented by the work of specialists both new and in use, simulating service The inspection work included a general and connections to the control and in work at heights. The test involved overloads.« check of the structure data and an recording system. For this reason, in three lorries with a total weight of 35 evaluation of its condition: search some cases teams specialised in work tonnes, performing 6 static load tests. for possible damage and existing at heights have been employed to install The load tests make it possible to check pathologies. After the inspection the the measurement devices or the solar Solar panels for autonomous power the behaviour of bridges and viaducts required repair and maintenance work power supply installations.« supply, situated at a height on the pile for over time, regarding both potential was performed.« protection against vandalism.

46 47 Marca España* | FASHION A growing market The main Spanish fashion customer is the The Middle East is one of the markets that *Brand Spain European Union, responsible for three has grown the most, with 24% in 2011 quarters of exports, mainly France, followed according to ICEX data. Internet sales on the by Italy, Portugal and Germany. Outside of international market increased by over 89% Europe, in addition to Morocco, which is next only in the first quarter of 2012, amounting on the list, the United States and Russia to 49.2 million euros according to the latest stand out in places 9 and 14 respectively. official data.

Mango design centre.

Mischa Burton with a bridal dress Multilingual Camper sign. by Rosa Clará.

Children Committed to technology wearing Mayoral. Internet sales represent the main commitment of Mango, created in 1984. It received a turnover of 1,408 million euros in 2011, 82% abroad, and expects to close 2012 with 70 million only from online sales, twice as much as the previous year. The company currently has 2,521 shops in 108 countries Sketch by Custo and three product lines (Mango, Mango for the 2012 New Touch and He by Mango). It has developed York Fashion its own logistical system able to classify and The world wears Zara Week. distribute 40,000 items per hour. A Zara shop in Tokyo. Spain’s fashion exports keep growing: not only clothing, accessories or footwear, but also something less tangible but increasingly in demand: design and quality products. esign, value-for-money and an innova- Paco Rabanne, Loewe, Pedro del Hierro, Jesús and the increased demand for children’s fash- ucts, so that a new design can be developed, The Spanish first firms to reach out to foreign markets, where tive and flexible business model are the del Pozo or Victorio & Lucchino. A few more ion, among other factors, have transformed the manufactured and distributed to sales points it conserves its prestige and international pres- Ddistinctive signs of a sector of the Span- have turned their names into international brands, market and consumer demand. Spanish fashion worldwide within one month. Speed of reac- footwear industry ence. On the other hand, the creations of Elena ish economy that already reaps an average of such as Custo Barcelona, Adolfo Domínguez, Pu- companies have found a way to respond to these tion is also essential in the design phase: teams exports 70% of Benarroch, José Gómez Benet or Álvarez Valls 44% of its revenue from the international market. rificación García, Agatha Ruiz de la Prada or the changes, such as applying new technologies to of several hundred people continuously analyse should also be mentioned in the fur market. Fashion is the sixth sector by exports, with a famous shoe designer Manolo Blahnik. the transport and distribution of their prod- consumer preferences to offer the products that the 94 million pairs total value of 13.5 billion euros in 2011 accord- they demand. Efficient logistics also allows quick of high-quality shoes Swiss? No, Spanish ing to data from the Spanish Foreign Trade In- A new business model The flagship product turnover at reasonable prices, that are Spain is the fourth European manufacturer of stitute (Instituto Español de Comercio Exterior, In debt with these great names in fashion and optimised by the strategic distribution of pro- it manufactures jewellery and watches after Italy, the UK and Zara, which opened its first shop in 1975, ICEX). It continues to grow in all of its segments: the Spanish textile tradition, Spanish prêt-à-por- duction centres. Switzerland. In addition, the latter country is its is the emblematic brand of Inditex and each year women’s, men’s and children’s fashion, leather ter firms have developed an innovative business the seed of the group, integrated by eight main foreign customer. Names with important in- Brides, children and furs goods, footwear, faux jewellery and jewellery. model that arose in the 90’s and has now adapted different brands (Pull&Bear, Massimo Dutti, Neck & Neck, Star Textil (Bóboli), Tuc Tuc, Tutto ternational presence are Carrera y Carrera –which Only in the first half of 2012 foreign turnover successfully to a globalised market in constant Bershka, Stradivarius, Oysho, Zara Home Within the international market of Spanish fashion Piccolo, AKR Kids, Cóndor, Losan, Barcarola or exports up to 80% of its production–; the Catalan grew by 15.7% with respect to the same period evolution. Firms such as the Inditex group, led by and Uterqüe). In July 2012 Inditex had 5,683 there are some particularly strong segments. This Pili Carrera. firm Tous; or watch and jewellery groups such as in the previous year. Zara, the Catalonian firm Mango or the Cortefiel shops in 85 countries. In 2011 its profits is the case of bridal fashion, in which Spain is The fur, leather and footwear industry has a Festina, Munreco –with brands such as Viceroy or However, this business of ephemeral elegance group, which includes Cortefiel, Pedro del Hierro, amounted to 1,932 million euros, with sales the second worldwide exporter, with firms such centuries old tradition in Spain, and is currently Sandoz– and Valentín, which markets the brand is based on the creativity of the designers, who Women´s Secret and Springfield, are examples of of 13,793 million euros, 10% more than in as Pronovias providing 90% of exports, or Rosa a big exporting sector: shoes by Ursula Mascaró, Time Force. In jewellery, it is worth citing the work each season reveal the keys to dressing well: this paradigm of success. 2010. Of its total turnover, 20% originates Clará. Another strong subsector is children’s fash- Lotusse or Yanko, or the striking designs of the of designers such as Joaquín Berao, with shops Balenciaga is a clear reference, as well as other im- The growth in casual fashion, the fact that from the Asian market. ion, which in the past two years has increased Majorcan firm Camper are available everywhere in Italy and Japan, Vicente Gracia, Chus Burés, portant names such as Pertegaz, Elio Berhanyer, price is the main driving factor for purchases its sales by 50%, with firms such as Mayoral, in the world. In the 60’s, Loewe was one of the Helena Rohner or Enric Mayoral«

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