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Vol. LVII-No.1 www.bprd.gov.in JANUARY-MARCH, 2010 Editorial Board Contents 1. Editorial 2 Sh. Prasun Mukherjee - Chairperson 2. Abstracts & Keywords 4 Sh. P.C. Sabarwal - Member 3. Police as an Agent of Social Change 8 Sh. Radhakrishnan Kini - Member Prof. S.K.Jha Sh. S.P. Vaid - Member 4. Atrocities against Scheduled Castes 13 Sh. M.K. Chhabra - Member Highlighting the Role of Police and Judiciary Sh. Sanjay Baniwal - Member Darshan Singh Sh. Deshraj Singh - Member 5. Human Rights Spiritual Education is 21 Dr. B.V. Trivedi - Member Hub for Combating Terrorist Prof (Dr) S.D. Sharma Editor Gopal K. N. Chowdhary 6. The Police Problem 29 P.D. Malaviya, I.P.S.(Retd.) 7. Sociological and Criminological Explanation 37 of Juvenile Delinquency Prof. Balraj Chauhan, Dr. Mridul Srivastava 8. Role of Personality as Moderator Variable 52 in Relationship between Occupational Stress and Psychological Well-being among Police Personnel Dr. Pallavi R. Chauhan and Dr. Minakshi D. Desai 9. Latest Explosives Detection Techniques for 57 Baggage and Personnel Screening Brig. M.S.Khara and Prof. J.K. Garg 10. Registration of First Information Reports by Police 65 An Agenda for Change Sh. Vijay Raghavan 11. A Study on Uncertainty of Muzzle Heights 72 in Shooting Cases Dr. S. Joychandra Singh and Inaobi Singh Maibam 12. Analysis of Crime Data using Robust Statistical Method 80 A study with Special Reference to Crime in India Report -2007 M.R. Sindhumol, T.H. Ansari, T.A. Sajesh 13. An Analysis of Problem of Inducting Women 87 Personnel in the Central Police Forces S. Banerjee 14. X- Raying Political Violence in India 99 Samit Kar 15. Awardees of Police Medals on the Occasion 103 of the Republic Day, 2010 Editorial Criminal justice system in general and police in particular play vital role in ushering socio-economic growth and development, thus acting as catalyst for change and transformation. Eminent political scientist David Baley has underlined the importance of the police as catalyst of social change, as he says: “….the success of any venture of social, economic or political changes may depend upon whether the police have put the full weight of enforcement behind the reforms or whether they allow covert non-compliance.” (‘The Police and Political Development of India’, 1969) If one takes a bird's eye view of socio-economic changes that have taken place since Independence and continue to take place in the wake of post-liberalization with all its collaterals, one would not fail to notice that Indian police has done yeoman service to the Nation, by acting in tandem with governmental and non-governmental agencies in fostering socio-economic changes and chartering growth & development of the society. Notwithstanding excessive media coverage, many times unfavourable, unsubstantiated and unfounded biased allegations, the Indian police continue to act as foot-soldiers in the process of nation building and socio-economic transformation. The role of Indian police needs to be viewed in the light of its contribution to strengthening the democratic traditions, while its neighbours very soon drifted towards despotic rule after the British left this subcontinent. Notwithstanding the role of Indian Police as enumerated above, it is also a fact that all round efforts are required to enhance its competency levels. Training of police persons, both basic as well as in-service has not kept pace with the demands of Indian society that has drifted to a wide spectrum of hostility, ranging from increasing incidents of traditional crime to insurgency prompted brutal, violent incidents triggering mass murders of 2â The Indian Police Journal Vol. LVII-No. 1, January-March, 2010 innocents. Police reforms, despite judicial pronouncements, have remained mostly on paper. Archaic laws, outdated organizational structure, conventional work ethos and poor orientation & motivation are not in synchronization with fast paced changes sweeping across the whole fabric of the society. The problem has been further compounded in the wake of increasing cases of cyber crime, terrorism, left wing extremism (LWE), piracy, bonded and child labour, organized crime, drug peddling, crime against women and other new age crimes such as pornography, pedophiles, bank frauds, economic crimes and financial bungling and scams, etc. The above mentioned challenges are not insurmountable and various countervailing forces, both governmental and non-governmental are influencing decision makers to make mid course corrections wherever required. Non- conventional initiatives like setting up of National Police Mission, refurbishing Modernisation of Police Forces (MPF) scheme, capacity building in domain of training, improving police population ratio are some of the examples that will give a new complexion to Indian Police. With induction of technology in policing and its functional-organizational set-up like recruitment, recording of FIR, office work in the realm of provisioning, personnel, maintenance of financial records etc., the police modernisation is being given new direction. In this issue of Indian Police Journal (Jan-March, 2010), we have tried to discuss the missionary role of the Indian Police as an agent of social change brining about desired socio-economic changes. In addition, the issue has regular papers on forensics, police organization, Book Review and latest explosive detection techniques for personnel and baggage screening, etc. We sincerely hope that our esteemed readers would encourage us by providing feedbacks. EDITOR The Indian Police Journal Vol. LVII-No. 1, January-March, 2010â 3 Abstracts & Key Words Police as an Agent of Social Abstract Change The scheduled castes in our society endure Prof. S.K. Jha segregation in housing, schools, and access to public services. They are denied access to land, Key Words forced to work in degrading conditions, and Agent of Social Change, Catalytic, Transition, routinely abused at the hands of the police and Social, Economic Changes, Transitional, upper-caste community members who enjoy the Multifarious Law, Old Instruments, Adequate, state's protection. Such type of discrimination Training, Orientation, Organizational Changes, keeps them away from their rights to education, Planning, Modernization. health, housing, property, freedom of religion, free Abstract choice of employment, and equal treatment before In the era of vast technological revolution and the law. Violence and crimes have been globalization, it has become difficult for the police witnessed by almost all the societies at some to act as an agent of social change with old time in their development process. Though crime instruments and unoriented personnels. does take place in the process of change, and particularly so when radical shifts take place in One of the early steps to be taken in this the traditional social and power relations, the direction, therefore, is to ensure that the Indian oppressed who question the social relation police are adequately trained and oriented in their become its victims. The crime against these skills, and attitude for the effective and efficient underprivileged and untouchable oppressed castes management of the changed and changing in this sense has long been a historical fact and situations. With all its inbuilt dimensions of continues to be an unfortunate feature of conflicts, this process might need oraganisational contemporary India. changes, with appropriate manpower planning, modernization and effective utilization. The role Human Rights Spiritual Education is of the police in the present context in India has Hub for Combating Terrorist to be viewed in the background of the changes Prof. (Dr) S.D. Sharma in the social situation and values, and Key Words aspirations of the developing society and the Spiritual Education, Peace, Tolerance, Combat, shape of the things which have come up after Terrorist. the adoption of the globalization. Atrocities against Scheduled Castes Abstract Highlights the Role of Police and Knowledge of human rights is itself special kinds Judiciary of spiritual study. It is superior, fundamental and basic education. Human rights spiritual education Darshan Singh is a way of non-violent method of life, which has Key Words the capacity and capability to combat the violence Scheduled Castes, Atrocities, Social Injustice, activities of the human being. The legal and moral Under-privileged, Discrimination, Article 14, principles of human rights are based on the ethics Article 46, Universal Declaration of Human Rights of co-existence, co-operation, wisdom and 1998. knowledge of humanity. Spiritual education never 4â The Indian Police Journal Vol. LVII-No. 1, January-March, 2010 teaches one's religion is greater than others. It is might later use such a record to pin down the education for tolerance, love, peace and message witness to what had been put in his mouth by for fraternity. Freedom of religion is the core of themselves in the first instance, the Code laid Indian culture. It is a right to choose his way of down that any statement so reduced to writing life in accordance with his basic belief. Religious by the police shall not be signed by the person human rights education never violates the values, making the statement, nor treated as part of the dignity, status and living standard of human record or used in evidence. Section 161 of the beings. It provides sense of goodness, quality of CrPC now empowers the investigating officer to action and adjustable conduct. These are the examine orally any person supposed to be inherent specialities in every person by virtue of acquainted with the facts and circumstances of his existence as a social entity. the case, and to reduce into writing any The Police Problem statement made to him and the person examined by the police is obliged to answer truly all P.D. Malaviya questions put to him other than questions the Key Words answers to which would have a tendency to Criminal Procedure Code, Evidence Act, Confession, expose him to a criminal charge or to a penalty Abconcious Interrogation, Perjury, Rapport, Suborn, or forfeiture.