E1629 Public Disclosure Authorized

Environmental Impact Report of World Bank Financed Highway Project III Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized

Anhui Provincial Communication Department Ship & Shipping Research Institute

Public Disclosure Authorized April, 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preamble ...... 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1. Description of the Anhui Highway Rehabilitation Project ...... 1 1.1 Overview of the Existing Road Network ...... 1.2 Description of the Subprojects ...... 2 1.3 EA Basis ...... 3 1.4 Report Structure ...... 4 1.5 Project Location ...... 8 1.6 Institutional Framework for Road Network Management in Anhui ...... 8 2. Environmental Baseline ...... 10 2.1 General Environmental Setting ...... 10 2.2 Major Environmental Characteristics ...... 10 3. Environmental Issues: Road Rehabilitation Subprojects ...... 14 3.1 Overview of the Road Rehabilitation Subprojects ...... 14 3.2 Primary Enironmental Issues ...... 14 4. Environmental Issues: Road Improvement Subprojects ...... 17 4.1 Summary of Environmental Issues ...... 17 5. Environmental Issues - S322 Taohuatan to Gantang Highway ...... 23 5.1 Background and Subproject Description ...... 23 5.2 Project Benefits and Justification ...... 24 5.3 Environment Baseline ...... 25 5.3.1 Topography ...... 25 5.3.2 Hydrology ...... 26 5.3.3 Vegetation ...... 26 5.3.4 Forest, Biodiversity and Cultural Properties ...... 26 5.3.5 Social-Economic Baseline ...... 27 5.3.6 Tourism Resources (Tourism Development Plan) ...... 28 5.4 Primary Environmental Issues during Construction and Operation ...... 29 5.4.1 Soil Erosion ...... 29 5.4.2 Drainage ...... 30 5.4.3 Tree Cutting ...... 30 5.4.4 Disposal of Spoil and Solid Waste ...... 30 5.4.5 Wildlife ...... 31 5.4.6 Impact to Irrigation ...... 32 5.4.7 Impact on Landscape ...... 32 5.4.8 Impact of Construction Camps ...... 32 5.4.9 Impact on Tourism ...... 33 5.4.10 Resettlement and Comnmunity Impacts ...... 33 5.5 Analysis of Alternatives ...... 34 6. Environmental Management Plan ...... 36 6.1 Environmental Management Institutions and Responsibilities ...... 36 6.2 Mitigation Measures ...... 36

I 6.3 Environmental Supervision Organizations ...... 42 6.4 Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 43 Objectives ...... 44 Implementing organization ...... 44 Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 44 6.5 Institutional Strengthening and Training ...... 49 6.6 Estimated Budget and Implementation Schedule ...... 49 7. Public Consultation ...... 52 7.1 Road Rehabilitation Subprojects ...... 52 7.2 Road Improvement Subprojects ...... 53 7.3 New Construction Subproject ...... 55 8. Environmental Management in Construction Phase ...... 57 Annex ...... 66

II LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 Current Condition of Six Improvement Subprojects ...... 5 Table 1.2 Current Condition of 18 Road Rehabilitation Subprojects ...... 6 Table 1.3 Description of Anticipated Results after Project ...... 7 Table 3.1 Summary of Primary Environmental Concerns ...... 14 Table 3.2 Summary of Primary Environmental Concerns (continued) ...... 15 Table 4.1 Environmental Issues for Road Improvement Subprojects (except S322) ...... 18 Table 5.1 Socio-economic Feature of the Project Area ...... 28 Table 5.2 Alternative Comparison in Environmental impact ...... 35 Table 6.1 Institutions and Responsibilities for EMP ...... 36 Table 6.2 Summary of Impact Mitigation ...... 37 Table 6.3 Responsibilities of Environmental Regulatory Institutions ...... 42 Table 6.4 Environmental Supervision Plan ...... 43 Table 6.4 Environmental Monitoring Plan for Road Improvement Subprojects ...... 46 Table 6.6 Construction Phase Environmental Monitoring Plan for New Road Subproject.. 48 Table 6.8 Cost Estimate for Environmental Management Unit: 104 RMB ...... 49 Table 6.9 Cost Estimate for Environmental Measures ...... 50 Table6. 10 Implementation Schedule for EMP ...... 51 Table 7.1 Public Consultation for Road Rehabilitation Subprojects ...... 52 Table 7.2 Public Concerns and Responses from Road Rehabilitation Subprojects ...... 52 Table 7.3 Information Disclosure for Road Rehabilitation Subprojects ...... 53 Table 7.4 Summary of Public Consultation for Road Improvement Subprojects ...... 53 Table 7.5 Summary of Public Concerns and Response Road Improvement Components ... 54 Table 7.6 Information Disclosure ...... 55 Table 7.7 Summary of Public Consultation ...... 55 Table 7.8 Primary issues and response for S322 Taohuatan- Gantang ...... 56 Table 7.9 Information Disclosure for New Road Construction Subproject ...... 56 Table 8.1 Environmental Management in Contraction Phase ...... 63

III LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Map of Project Location in Anhui Province of ...... 1 Figure 2.1 Map of Topography and Physiognomy of Anhui ...... 11 Figure 2.2 Map of Land use of Anhui ...... 11 Figure 2.3 Distribution Map of Population Density of Anhui ...... 11.....1 Figure 2.4 Map of Economic Development Degree of Anhui ...... 11.....1 Figure 2.5 Map of Climatic Zone and Precipitation of Anhui ...... 11.....1 Figure 2.6 Water Resources Distribution Map of Anhui ...... 111..... Figure 2.7 Map of Ecological Function Division of Anhui ...... 11.....1 Figure 2.8 Forest Distribution Map of Anhui ...... 11 Figure 2.9 Nature Reserve Distribution Map of Anhui ...... 11 Figure2. 10 Map of Forest Park of Anhui ...... 11.....1 Figure 2.11 Scenery Distribution Map of Anhui ...... 111..... Figure 2.12 Map of Soil Erosion of Anhui ...... 11.....1 Figure 5.1 Cross Section of Road Improvement (K27+301 to K29+740) ...... 24 Figure 5.2 Cross Section of Road rehabilitation (K14+473 to K29+736) ...... 24 Figure 5.3 The relations of project road to Taohuatan tourist site ...... 28 Figure 5.4 The relations of project road to Taiping Lake tourist attraction ...... 28 Figure 5.5 The relations of project road to "Two Mountain, One Lake" ...... 28 Figure 1 Pullout Map of to Dingyuan Section of S311 ...... 66 Figure 2 Pullout Map of Chuzhou to Wuyi Section of S311 ...... 66 Figure 3 Pullout Map of Tanjiaqiao to Caijiaqiao Section n of G205 ...... 66 Figure 4 Pullout Map of Tangkou to Qiankou Section n of G205 ...... 66 Figure 5 Pullout Map of Tunxi to Provincial Boundary Section of G205 ...... 66 Figure 6 Pullout Map of to Wujiang Section of S105 ...... 66 Figure 7 Pullout Map of Taohuatan to Gantang Section of S322 ...... 66

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment TOR: Terms of Reference APCD: Anhui Provincial Communication Department ASCC: Anhui Science Consultancy Centre SSSRI: Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute APHAB: Anhui Provincial Highway Administrative Bureau PMO: The World Bank Financed Project Management Office SEPA: State Environmental Protection Agency APCB: Anhui Provincial Conmmunication Bureau NGO: Non-governmental Organizations EMPS: Environmental Management Plan EPB s: Environmental Protection Bureaus

lV Preamble

This is consolidated Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report, prepared as part of the appraisal of the World Bank financed Anhui Highway Rehabilitation Project III, based on the World Bank safeguard policy requirements and under the Terms of Reference (TOR) agreed between Anhui Provincial Communication Department (APCD) and the World Bank. The document is compiled from and based on eight subproject EIA reports' prepared by Anhui Science Consultancy Centre (ASCC) and Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute (SSSRI), respectively, between October 2006 and January 2007, in accordance with China's environmental impact assessment guidelines and standards for highway projects. The Chinese version EIA for the all subprojects is expected to be approved by the local environmental authority by May 2007.

lWorld Bank Financed Anhui Road Project III, S311 Tuzhou-Wuyi Road Upgrading Environmental Impact Assessment; World Bank Financed Anhui Road Project III, S311 Tuzhou-Dingyuan Road Upgrading Environmental Impact Assessment World Bank Financed Anhui Road Project III, S105 Chaozhou-Hexian-Wujiang Road Upgrading Environmental Impact Assessment; World Bank Financed Anhui Road Project III, S322 Taohuatan-Gantang Road Upgrading Environmental Impact Assessment; World Bank Financed Anhui Road Project III, S205 Tanjiaqiao-Caijiaqiao Road Upgrading Environmental Impact Assessment; World Bank Financed Anhui Road Project 111, S205 Tunxi-Provincial border Road Upgrading Environmental Impact Assessment; World Bank Financed Anhui Road Project 111, Road Rehabilitation Subprojects Environmental Impact Assessment, prepared by Anhui Science Consultancy Center and Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute, respectively.

I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction

When completed, the project will have (a) improved or upgraded about 320 km of key provincial and national roads (around 7 segments) located on the central-eastern and southeastern areas of the Province; and (b) supported the provincial rehabilitation and maintenance program from 2007-20 10 under the EFYP of 18 segments, for about 890 km.

Improvement works would include in some cases the duplication of existing roads following the same alignment with specific bypasses in built-up areas (in order to minimize resettlement actions) or with short segments of new alignments if necessary to avoid hard topographical conditions. In two cases (roads S311 and S322), this component will include the construction of a limited number of kilometers to increase the transport capacity of the existing corridor or complete missing segments. Rehabilitation works of improving pavement conditions of the roads by resurfacing and specific structural strengthening and limited adjustments to the alignment when required to riding conditions and improve safety.

The project triggered and addressed the following Bank safeguards: Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01) and Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12). The project design incorporates the mitigation measures for each policy, as described below.

Environmental Assessment

Environmental Assessment Approach. Based on the type of works environmental screening, road segments were grouped in three groups for environmental purposes.

Improving pavement conditions of the roads by Road resurfacing and specific structural strengthening All 18 proposed Rehabilitation and limited adjustments to the alignment when rehabilitation segments required to improve safety Duplication of existing roads following the same alignment with specific bypasses in built-up areas Road (in order to minimize resettlement actions) or with Six road subprojects with Improvement . .a total length of 290 km short segments of new alignments if necessary to avoid hard topographical conditions One segment New Construction of a limited number of kilometers to S322: Taohuatang - Construction increase the transport capacity of the existing Guantang with total length corridor or complete missing segments. of 30km (about 16.5 km new construction). The project is classified as Category A due to the new construction segments involved in the subproject of road S322, Taohuatan-Tangkou road, which will traverse a mountainous area of high scenic value with tourism potential. Following the Bank's and Chinese EIA requirements, full EIAs have been prepared for all the S322 and 6 road improvement subprojects; and a simplified EIA for all the 18 road rehabilitation subprojects.

Based on the 7 individual full EIAs and the simplified EIA, an Integrated Environmental Assessment Report in English has been prepared for the entire road program under guidelines and table of contents agreed with the Bank. All environmental management of construction activities is included in a comprehensive set of technical environmental specifications that will be included in all bidding documents and contracts.

Environmental and Social Setting. Anhui Province is located in the interior China, with a total area of 139,427 km2 and the total population of about 65 million. Anhui Province has a complex topography, covering a wide range of topographical features with mixed hills, plains and low basins. From north to south, the province can be classified into five basic topographical categories as Plain, Jianghuai Hilly region, Dabieshan Mountainous region, Yanjiang Plain and Wannan(South Anhui) Mountainous region. Anhui province is abundant in water resource. There are three major river systems passing through this province, i.e. Xinanjiang River, Yangzte River and .

Lying in the heart of eastem part of China, Anhui Province ranks the 22 nd in land area in China, with a population density three times of the nation-wide average. It is rich in natural resources, particularly in mineral and tourism resources. However, its economic development is below the average nation-wide. Five project counties are among state-level poverty counties and four /counties are among provincial level poverty counties.

Improving road network conditions is a major task facing Anhui Province. Anhui Province has already developed a road network of a total length of 72,807 km. However, roads above Class II accounts for only 15.8% and paved or simple-paved roads accounts for only 51%. Overall, its state and provincial roads are of low grade surface and mid and low class roads take up a high proportion. Additionally, road development is not balanced region-wise. The mountainous areas in the south and Dabieshan Mountainous areas have low and poor road access and difficulty in road transportation has not been resolved. Some villages in the mountainous areas in the poverty counties still do not have access to roads. No or poor road access is the primary factor constraining the social and economic development in these project areas. For example, 81% of the interviewed villagers in Road S311 list improving road conditions as their number one priority.

The road infrastructure to be improved or rehabilitated will be mostly located alongside the existing alignments requiring only the expansion of the right of way (ROW) and acquisition of additional land. The area of the project is heavily developed. There are no natural habitats or critical natural habitats along the existing or future right of ways. However, there still remain some patches of native vegetation, especially along S322 that still harbor some native

2 species albeit without any significant biodiversity value. There is no evidence of paleontological or archeological resources along the corridor. There are no indigenous peoples in the area of influence of the project.

Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures. For all Road Rehabilitation subprojects, most impacts will be circumscribed to existing right of ways which will likely be easily managed through sound engineering design and construction practices.

For all road Improvement subprojects, the main impacts will be land acquisition for bypassing or new construction sections, common construction relation impacts (e.g. dust, noise soil erosion, water pollution, ecological protection, safety, social disturbance, traffic management etc.), and noise and safety concems during operation.

For the new construction in S322, additional environmental issues include the expansion of the road in an urban area (800 m), crossing a highly unstable area (km 5 - km 6) and the need for integrated landscape design (scenic area). Mitigation measures include special urban works in its initial segment (sidewalks, pedestrian crossings, and bicycle paths), special construction techniques in critical segment, and landscape design for the entire road. A special program to provide technical assistance (to communities along the road will be included.

These impacts and corresponding mitigation measures are thoroughly addressed in the individual EIA reports and summarized in the Integrated EIA report. A comprehensive set of standardized Environmental Specifications were developed, with additional specific measures for new construction and road improvement subprojects

Resettlement impacts. The main project impacts are land acquisition and house demolition. The project will require 6630 mu of land, including 4369 mu of cultivated lands. The acquisition of this land will affect about 3,031 households (about 11,137 people). The project will also require the acquisition of houses for a total of 31,011 m2, affecting 709 people in 183 households. About 31 small shop businesses will be affected as well.

Resettlement Impacts Summary Population losing house Population Losing land Road Housing Are Land area Household People Household People S 105 80 273 816 3,020 12,127 1,924 S 322 39 150 217 834 8,064 3,696 S 311 29 124 1,137 4,236 3,016 1,855 S 205 35 162 861 3,047 7,802 2,154 Total 183 709 3,031 11,137 31,011 6,630

3 Analysis of Alternatives. For S322, two major alternative options were evaluated and compared from environmental as well as the engineering aspects. These alternatives are: * Alternative I, the section from start point to K14+473, K27+301 to end point K29+740, will be reconstructed to the Class II road in hilly area, and the other sections (from K14+473-K27+301, abut 12.83 kim) will be improved on road surface. * Alternative II: the road in whole length will be upgraded to Class II road.

After comparing alternatives, Alternative I was recommended due to avoidance of a tunnel and related spoiled soil disposal, less environmentally sensitive receptors and thus less impacts to the environment and ecosystem, less investment and still meeting demand of projected traffic forecast.

Further alternatives have been studied for the KO+000-KO+800 section which crosses a small urban area. These alternatives includes: (i) the existing alternative which needs the displacement of about 20 houses; (ii) minimize resettlement needs by adjusting the road design in this segment; and (iii) a by-pass around the urban area. Option (1) was finally selected.

Besides S322, alternative alignment analysis was also conducted for small sections (bypasses) for S311 Chuzhou-Wuyi, G205 Caijiaqiao-Tanjiaqiao, S105 Chaohu-Wujiang, G205 Tangkou-Qiankou, and G205 Tunxi-Provincial Border. The final selection was based on integrated consideration of technical, environmental and social criteria, i.e. avoidance of environmentally sensitive areas, less social interference and resettlement, shorter length, less land occupation, and compatibility with local master planning.

Environmental Management Plan

The APCD has prepared a comprehensive and detailed draft EMP in accordance with Bank policy. The EMP addresses all potential environmental and social issues of concern and proposes adequate mitigation measures for each negative impact identified as well as measures for enhancing each identified positive impact. The EMP includes a summary chart where all the problems encountered and proposed mitigation and enhancement measures are mentioned, and their location is provided in alignment sheets for al road improvements and new construction corridors. Monitoring and supervision arrangements, as well as an institutional strengthening program for the APCD are also included in the EMP. Project bidding documents under preparation will include all specifications regarding these programs.

4 Environmental management plan Road Rehabilitation * Standardized Environmental Specifications for Construction management Road Improvement * Standardized Environmental Specifications for Construction management * Additional specific measures for identified each sub-project. These measures are represented in the Environmental and social Alignment map for each sub-project. Mitigations measures are included in project designs and costs. New Construction * Standardized Environmental Specifications for Construction (S322) management * Additional specific measures for this road: o landscape design ("green" road") o urban enhancement in KmO - KmOi+800 o special construction techniques o over-designed drainage (km 18-km24) o special assistance to communities Environmental * Procedures and responsibilities for environmental supervision of supervision each type of sub-project Institutional * Training of contractors and supervisors strengthening * Preparation of environmental manual * Specific environmental training for APCD: environmental road design, right-of-ay management, environmental supervision,, strategic environmental assessment of road networks, design and construction of scenic/ecological routes, and study tours to visit green corridors. Environmental * Environmental monitoring during construction and operation. Monitoring

Resettlement Action Plan

For resettlement planning purposes, projects were grouped in clusters according to the highway denomination. In this manner, four resettlement action plans were prepared. These were summarized in a summary report. In addition, a resettlement framework was prepared to deal with possible changes in project design and realignment during project implementation. All resettlement instruments were prepared in line with Chinese laws and regulations, and World Bank Operational Policy OP 4.10. The following principles were followed:

* Land acquisition and relocation should be minimized through engineering, technical measures. If unavoidable, necessary measures should be planned. * Compensation will be paid at replacement cost. * Resettlement planning, based on the actual inventory and agreed compensation rates, should aim at improving, or at least restoring livelihoods for the affected,

5 * Approach for livelihood restoration will be land-based * Resettlers and the host population should be encouraged to participate in the resettlement planning process * Priority should be given in consideration to resettlement within existing communities. The main components of the RAP include: * Livelihood rehabilitation. * Relocation. * Rehabilitation of infrastructure and businesses. * Resettlement organization. * Monitoring and Evaluation * Implementation Schedule.

Public consultation and participation. The resettlement planning followed a participatory process. Affected villagers and various government agencies participated in the social economic survey, impact survey and formulation of the compensatory and livelihood rehabilitation plan. These are described in the RAP. The affected people will continue to participate in the formulation and implementation of detailed village livelihood development plans. Arrangements to ensure continued participation are planned in the RAP. Project information, relevant government policies and regulations were broadly disseminated through village meetings in the project areas. Project RAPs were also disclosed on [add date].

Grievance redress. A mechanism has been established for grievance redress. Grievances can be filed both orally and in writing. Starting at village level, the grievances can be elevated to township, county, city and provincial level if they are not satisfied with the resolution at the lower level. The affected people could also resort to the courts if they are not satisfied with the resolution by the project authority. All grievances and their resolutions will be recorded. This mechanism has been disclosed to the local population and will be further disseminated through the Resettlement Information Booklet.

Public Consultation and Information Disclosure.

According to the World Bank's safeguard policies, two rounds of public consultation were carried out for all subprojects during the EIA preparation. The first round was conducted during a site survey, in September, 2006. The second round was after the completion of the draft EIA report, in October 2006. The consultation was conducted using a combination of public meeting, individual interview, and information disclosure and questionnaire survey. In addition, a hot line was set up during the project development to enhance the communication between the affected people and the EA team. There were total about 850 people involved in the public consultation process.

The main concerns from public include land compensation, safety of construction, damage to irrigation facilities, community severance, noise etc., for which proper mitigation measures are developed in the EMP.

6 According to the OP 4.01 requirements, relevant project information were disclosed to the public in different stages of the EA process. During the first round of public consultation, booklets were distributed among the residents along the project road to introduce the project components, necessity and alignment, as well as the potential environmental impacts associated with the project. The APCD also placed the draft EIA report in selected townships and counties of the project areas. In addition, public bulletins were distributed along the project roads to promulgate the brief information and the project and the location to review the draft EIA report. The draft EIA report and other relevant information were also disclosed through the APCD website at www.ahglj .com on October 30, 2006. The APCD will disclose the revised EIA reports in county libraries, township government offices and selected local schools.

7 1. Description of the Anhui Highway Rehabilitation Project

1.1 Overview of the Existing Road Network

Anhui Province is in the middle part of China, bordered by Jiangsu and Provinces to the east, Anhui and Henan Provinces to the west, Shandong Province to the north, and Province to the south (see Figure 1.1 Project Location Map). The province has a total area of 139,420 square kilometers, and is regarded as the hinterland to the River Delta, which is among the most prosperous and developed region of China. Anhui Province is strategically located in the country's transportation network and plays an important role in the economic development in the region. As a joint of east with west and north with south, the province is a gateway for transfer and shifting of technologies, human resources, investment, and industries from the more developed eastern and coastal region to the middle and western regions while natural resources from the western region to the eastern. Situated in the middle, the province is also a gateway of raw materials particularly coal and petroleum from north to the resource scarce southern region.

Following the ambitious "Develop China's West" program, China initiated in 2005 the "Rise of the Middle" campaign to promote the economic and social development for the mid China region which includes Anhui Province. Based on its own regional feature, Anhui proposed an eastward development strategy, i.e., utilizing its resources and geographical advantages to speed up the integration into the Yangtze River delta economic circle and to attract industrial relocation from the east coast to the province.

To achieve its strategic objective, Anhui Province must develop as a high priority its transportation systems and improve the efficiency of its transportation infrastructure to connect the province with the rest of the country. The province has planned the development of a comprehensive transportation network, consisting of expressways, national and provincial trunk roads, local roads, railways, airports and transportation waterways to better connect the east with the west, south with the north of China. Anhui Province has made substantial progress in improving its transportation network in the previous Five Year Plan (the 10th), including a preliminary road network. This network is centered on , the provincial capital, and connects other provincial cities and counties, as well as connections with inter provincial roads and expressways.

However, compared with the need for efficient transportation throughout the region and regional economic development, the current development levels of the road network cannot satisfy the demand. The main problems of the current road network are as follows:

* The road network configuration is not as optimized as it can be and should be in terms of efficiency and connections; * Many road sections are not well laid out and are not designed with sufficient quality -A c!

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Figure 1.1 Location of the Project in Anhui Province standards in terms of engineering requirements; * In particular, some of the eastbound roads are of a low standard and without adequate links and connections; * Poor road maintenance which, in conjunction with the relatively low design standards in the first place, renders broken road surface and other facilities and the ability to operate in bad weather and other harsh natural conditions; and * Some mountainous regions, such as Wannan and Dabieshan regions which are poverty and undeveloped regions in the Province and a focus of provincial poverty reduction effort, are not readily accessible by the current road network.

Facing the challenges described above, the provincial government is prepared to further develop its network through new road construction and existing road upgrading and rehabilitation. Particular attention has been given to road upgrading and rehabilitation as it is the best way to improve the transport efficiency in terms of minimum land occupation need and quick results to integrate the road network and reduce travel time and costs.

This proposed Anhui Road Project is part of the provincial government road network development effort. Anhui Provincial Road Administrative Bureau (APRAD), the project proponent tends to apply for a World Bank loan to partially finance road rehabilitations improvement and mostly in provincial trunk roads within Anhui.

Three basic criteria were used in the selection of subprojects: * Consistence with the provincial 'East bound development" strategy; under this considerations, G311 section, S303 Suzhou section, S311 Chuzhou-Wuyi section, G104 Chuzhou-Chahe section, S105 Chaohu-Hexian-Wujiang section are selected for rehabilitation and improvement; * Rehabilitation of the currently badly maintained road sections; under this consideration S322 Taohuatan-Gantang section, G205 Tanjiaqiao-Caijiaqiao section, G205 Tangkou-Qiankou section, G205 Tunxi- Provincial border are selected; * Rehabilitation of local transport conditions in high poverty counties; under these considerations, numerous road sections across 12 municipalities and 31 counties, including six state-level and five province-level poverty counties are selected.

This project is the third road development project partially financed by the World Bank in Anhui Province. To date 17 trunk roads (five national roads and 12 provincial roads) totaling 1205.3 km have been constructed or being constructed by World Bank loan proj ects. financed

1.2 Description of the Subprojects

This project consists of road upgrading road rehabilitation and new road construction subprojects, described as follows:

Road rehabilitation subprojects: There are 18 road rehabilitation subprojects with the total

2 length of 888.5 km. The project work will mainly include road surface or replacement repair, maintenance with asphalt cement to improve the road conditions to their originally designated grades. In addition, there will be six bridge reconstruction subprojects. in these subprojects As work would basically be limited within the existing road configurations, no land acquisition or resettlement will be needed for the road reconstruction rehabilitation and bridge subprojects. Table 1.2 summarizes the existing conditions of road rehabilitation subprojects.

Road improvement subprojects: There are six road improvement subprojects with a total length of 316.8 km. These subprojects involve improvement of the widening road technical grade, by the road base and/or surface, improving the slopes for faster and safer traffic, and enhancing other engineering conditions. In order to achieve these rehabilitations, limited road a few sections in these subprojects road will be cut and straightened. Table 1.1 summarizes some the key features of the road upgrading subprojects.

Highway S322 subproject: A large portion of this particular subproject will road construction involve new on green field with a total length of 29.74 km. As such it is basically a new road construction subproject instead of improvement of an existing one. Because alignment, of the new some of which are through environmentally sensitive area, this subproject receives special attention in this EA.

The anticipated results of the project are presented in Table 1.3. The table the only shows that S322 is subproject with significant portion of new road construction while others will mostly involve rehabilitation and improvement on the existing alignments. As the new construction would have substantial impacts particularly in sections a separate through sensitive areas, section has been prepared for the subproject in this document (see 1.4 Report Structure below). .

1.3 EA Basis

Relevant laws, regulations, technical guidelines and standards for environmental assessment impact for development projects in China were followed during the preparation of this EA, as were the application Bank's safeguard policies. Major laws and regulations applied the EA are as follows: to

* Laws of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, of December 1989; 26, * Law of Environmental Impact Assessment of the People's Republic of China October 20, 2002; of * Law of Water and Soil Conservation of June 1996;, * Law of Air Pollution Control of September 1, 2000; * Law of Water Pollution Control of May 15, 1996; * Law of Environmental Noise Pollution Control of October 19, 1996;;

3 * Circulation on Strengthening EIA for Construction Projects Receiving International Financing Huanjian [1993]924 * Technical Specifications for Enviromnental Impact Assessment; * Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment for Highway Projects; * Interim Guide for Public Participation in Environmental Impact Huanfa(2006]28; Assessment, SEPA * Circular on Noise Issue in Environmental Impact Assessment of Highway and Railway (including Light Rail) Construction Projects, SEPA Huanfa [2003]94. * Anhui Agricultural, Ecology and Environmental Protection Regulations 1996; of June 6, * Anhui Urban Drinking Water Source Protection Regulations of July * 2001; Anhui Forest Land Protection and Management Regulations of July 29, 1000; * Anhui Water and Body Function Zoning of December 2003.

Of the ten World Bank safeguard policies, Environmental Assessment Involuntary (OP/BP/GP4.01), Resettlement (OD4.30), Cultural Property (OP4.11), Forestry (OP/GP4.36), Natural Habitats (OP/BP4.04), Pest Management (OP4.09), and Indigenous are applied People (OD4.20) in the EA first as a screening and, where triggered, included in the full assessment. Since no project components would involve international construction waterways, dams or in disputed areas as defined under the World Bank's OP7.60, safeguard policies related to these subjects are not applied in the EA. Relevant international agreements environmental in which China is a signing party have also been included where applicable basis for the EA. as a

1.4 Report Structure

This report is organized and presented as followings: * Chapter 1 presents the project background and project components; * Chapter 2 describes the environmental baseline in the project area, basically across the entire Anhui Province; * Chapter 3 identifies and analyzes road rehabilitation subprojects * Chapter 4 identifies and analyzes the key environmental issues of the improvement subprojects; road * Chapter 5 dedicates specifically to subproject S322, the new road because construction, of its engineering complexity, environmental sensitivities and levels of potential environmental impacts; * Chapter 6 presents an environmental management plan for operation the construction and phases, including detailed environmental management institutions and responsibilities, mitigation measures, environmental monitoring training, plan, personnel and budget and implementation schedule; * Chapter 7 describes public consultation programs and results of the three categories subprojects; and of * Chapter 8 describes a generalized environmental management plan for construction phase which can be used for the construction phase of all subprojects.

4 Table 1.1 Current Condition of Six Improvement Subprojects Codeof Name Current Condition Section of section Length (kkm) Grade* Traffic flow Road width Remarks (pcu/d) Road surface (m) S311 Chuzhou-Dingyuan 67.68 II 3874 Chuzhou-Wuyi Asphalt 12- 18 Improvement 19.75 II 6617 Tanjiaqiao-Caijiaqiao Asphalt 7-21 Improvement 37.15 11, III, IV 1197 G 205 Tangkou-Qiankou Asphalt 5-7 Improvement 42.90 III 1997 Asphalt Tunxi-Provincial border 53.34 5'--7 Improvement 11, III, IV 1285 S105 Chaohu-Hexian-Wujiang Asphalt 5-7 66.24 II Improvement Total 5291 Asphalt 287.06 12 Improvement

* According to Highway Engineering Technical Guidelines (JTG BOI 2003) of P.R. China, highway Expressway access controlled with grades are divided into the following separated carriageways, with four to eight five categories: (1) capacity lanes and capacity of 25,000 to 100,000 of 25,000 to 55,000 pcu/day; Grade pcu/day; Grade 1, four to six lanes 11two lanes with capacity of 5000 to with Grade IV one to 15,000 pculday; Grade III two lanes with two lanes with capacity of 400 to 2000 pculday. capacity of 2000 to 6000 pcu/day and

5 Table 1.2 Current Condition of 18 Road Rehabilitation Subprojects Code of Length Section Name of section Current Condition (km) Road surface Grade Traffic flow (pcu/d) Road width Road surface ( m) G 104 Chuzhou-Chahe after project 31.40 II 3911 Asphalt G5206 15/12 Asphalt South Suzhou-North 73.80 Huanyuan 2867 Cement 15/12 Asphalt SUzhou 35.5 II 3681 G318 Nanlingjie-Muzhen Asphalt 12/9 Asphalt 17.5 II 1951 Yinhui-Dadukou Cement 29.2 II 15/12 Cement 3561 Asphalt and Yuexi cement 15/12 Asphalt 78.1 II 2412 S1l0 Chuzhou-Dlngyuan Asphalt 9/7 89.8 IV Cement S103 3368 Asphalt Hamoling-Qingyang 30.049 15/12 Asphalt II 3368 S211 Zhuping-Dashan Asphalt 15/12 84.0 II Asphalt S212 5485 Asphalt Huanning 8/6 Cement 51.0 IV 6416 S215 Jixi Asphalt 12/9 Asphalt 46.2 II 3163 Asphalt 12/9 Suzhou-Jiangsu Provincial 102.60 Asphalt S303 II 5581 Border Asphalt 15/12 Asphalt Huaibei 12/9 22.84 II 3001 S310 Shouxian-Huoqiu Asphalt 15/12 70.9 II Asphalt S310 4282 Asphalt Huoqiu-Zhongxing 35.2 12/9 Asphalt 1026 Asphalt S320 Hengfu-Changhe 17/14 Asphalt 42.1 1I 3384 Zhufan-Jiangkou Asphalt 12/9 Asphalt S321 24.1 1I 3936 Fanchang-Baiyangpo Asphalt 15/12 24.2 II Asphalt Total 1324 Asphalt and cement 888.5 15/12 Asphalt

6 _Table 13 Description of Anticipated Results after Proiect S311 S311 S105 G205 Name of G205 G205 Chuzhou- Chuzhou - S322 18 subproject Chaohu- Caijiaqiao- Tangkou- road Dingyuan Tunxi- Taohuatan - rehabilitation Wuyi Wujiang Tanjiaqiao Provincial Qiankou Border Gantang Length (km) subprojects 67.68 19.75 66.24 Category 37.15 42.9 Degree 11 53.34 29.74 890 Degree I Degree I Degree 11 Degree 11 Degree 11 2 lanes 4 lanes 4 lanes Degree Il/IV Degree II/IV 2 lanes 21anes 2 lanes Rehabilitation 1.75 1.3 Improvement 0.4 12.83 890 Realignment 7.2 12.2 4.2 Widening 58.73 8.3 Multiple lanes 12.65 46.55 6 By-pass 10 26.6 5.51 New construction

Percentage 10.6 35.9 27.8 32.7 New road 9.8 15.6 38.3 Existing road 89.4 64.1 0 72.2 67.3 90.2 84.4 61.7 100

7 1.5 Project Location

The six improvement, 18 rehabilitation and one new construction subprojects cities and 31 spread over 12 counties throughout the province. Based on the topographic features, Anhui Province can be divided into five distinct geographic regions and there these regions. are subprojects in all The subprojects as they are in the different geographic regions are described, from north to south, as follows:

* Huaibei plain: G311 Suzhou section, S303 Suzhou-Jiangsu provincial border, S303 Huaibei section and G 206 Suzhounan-Huaiyuanbei section. These sections are part of the road rehabilitation subprojects. * Jianghuai hilly region: Chuzhou-Dingyuan section, road improvement 310 subproject; S Shouxian-Huoqiu section, S 310 Huoqiu-Zhongxing section, S101 Hechu-Bengpu section and G104 Chuzhou-Chahe section, road subprojects. rehabilitation * Yanjiang plain: S105 Chaohu-Hexian-Wuyi section, S311 Chuzhou-Wuyi section, road improvement subprojects; S321 Zhufan-Jiangkou section, Fanchang-Huanghu-Baiyangpo section, G318 Nanlingjie-Muzhen section, Yinhui-Dadukou section, S320 Henpu-Changhe section, S212 Huaining S103 Qingyang-Hamoling section and section, road rehabilitation subprojects. * Dabieshan mountainous region: G318 Yuexi section and S211 Zhuping-Dashan section, road rehabilitation subproject. * Wannan mountainous region: S322 Taohuatan-Gantang section construction is new road subproject; while G205 Caijiaqiao-Tanjiaqiao section, G205 Tangkou-Qiankou section, and G205 Tunxi-provincial border are road improvement subprojects; and S215 Jixi section is road rehabilitation subproject.

Figure 1.2 shows the geographical locations of the subprojects.

1.6 Institutional Framework for Road Network Management in Anhui The highest authority for all expressways and roads, as well as water and other form transportation (except air of traffic) is the Anhui Provincial Communication (APCD). This Department is the government agency which administers the planning, budgeting, policy making and macro management of the provincial transportation systems.

The specific agency which is responsible for the day to day management of construction and operation highway (except expressway) is the Anhui Administrative Provincial Highway Bureau (APHAB) which is under the leadership of APCD. The Bureau responsible for the construction, is maintenance, toll collection, improvement assurance of all provincial and safety highways and country roads outside be the urban centers. This will the agency which will be directly responsible for the implementation of this World financed Anhui Road Project Bank II. The Bureau has their municipal and these county counterparts and municipal and county highway administrative bureaus are responsible for construction and maintenance of highway networks in their respective own jurisdictions. Figure 1.2 Layout of Selected Roads for Proposed Anhui Highway Project III

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Y-, 1 roohmat,n to G n i~ 0 4 4 Soot-on of G205 II 37 IKm ! t o f 322 1! 30 3Km Ž4. s } t s l0Dduoumo H.moimng8ctom ~ ~ to Y inhlm Setion0 H i of G316 11 29 211,Jei - /~ ° w

-. lo !gkho to Q,..koo Sect.on o 4 -- Jixi Legends: Rehabilitation Project - S'c oo of V5>20 _af I Upgrading Project e ljn n E City t County The World Bank Financed Project Management Office (PMO) is the and Anhui executive arm of APCD Highway Administrative Bureau specific for this project. It is responsible for day to day project preparation, the appraisal, construction and execution project of the project. As the executive agency it is ultimately responsible for preparation of EA and EMP and implementation or supervision of implementation of the mitigation measures and other environmental management programs.

9 2. Environmental Baseline

2.1 General Environmental Setting

Anhui Province, located in the interior China, covers an area crossing the warm, north semi-tropical and middle tropical zones. The annual average temperature is 15.6-17.1 and the annual average precipitation °C, ranges between 940.0-1339.9 mrn. Anhui Province has a complex topography. It covers a wide range of topographical with mixed hills, features plains and low basins. From north to into south, the province can be classified five basic topographical categories a Huaibei Plain, Jianghuai Hilly region, Dabieshan Mountainous region, Yanjiang Plain and Wannan Mountainous region. total of 2 The province has a 41,162 km of mountainous area, 40,448 2 2 km of hilly area, 34,608 km2 17,375 km of lowland 2 of plain, and 58,66 km of surface water bodies. province The arable land in the is scarce with a total of 4.092 million hectares, equivalent to only 0.94 mu to a hectare) per capita. Of the (15 mu agricultural land, 80.01% is currently cultivated used for construction with 11.57% and the remaining 8.42%, barren and unused.

By 2005, the total protected land/water area in the province was This about 13.02% of the total. included 37 national, provincial, municipal/county level protected natural reserves, 3277 square kilometer of national and provincial sceneries areas, 43 forest geology parks, and parks, nine 8008 square kilometer of ecological forest.

The total area of Anhui Province 2 is 139,427 km and the total population, of whom 65.2 million, 21% are non-agricultural or urban residents. Among the 34 provinces, autonomous regions and provincial level cities in China, Anhui is regarded as an under province. In 2005, the developed provincial GDP was 537.58 billion RMB, per equivalent to 8,597 RMB capita (or US$1,049.5 per capita). The ratio of outputs from the primary (agricultural), secondary (industrial) and tertiary (services) sectors is 17.9 to 41.6 to 40.5. 2.2 Major Environmental Characteristics

Within the provincial territory, there are two World Natural Cultural Heritage Sites: Mountain, (awarded: 1990) and Wannan Ancient Residence (awarded: five national scenic areas: 2000), Huangshan Mountain, Jiuhuashan Mountain, Mountain, Langyashan Tianzhushan Mountain and Qiyunshan Mountain; five Shengjin national Nature Reserves: Lake Reserve, Jinzhaitainma Reserve, Chinese Alligator Protection Zone, Kuniuxiang Reserve and Heluoping Reserve; and five national forest parks: Tianzhushan National Forest Park, Jiuhuashan National Forest Park, Bagongshan National Forest Wanfoshan National Forest Park, Park and Huangshan National Forest park. Anhui Province is rich in wildlife and plant resources. According to the statistics, there are

10 totally 3200 species of vascular plants, 2108 species of herbs and 1300 plants. species of woody The forest area in the province is 3.6 million ha, covering 26.06% of the total provincial area. The total wood storage in forest is 162.584 million m3 statistics . In addition, the also shows that there are 509 species of wild animals, 54 of which are nationally protected. Currently, there are 31 natural reserves in Anhui Province, at among which five are the national level, 25, the provincial level and one, county level. The total combined of all nature reserves area is 346,803 ha. Anhui Province is abundant three in water resource. There are major river systems discharging through this province, they are Xinanjiang River system, Yangzte River system and Huai River system. The total water resource billion 3 3 is 71.925 m , equivalent to 1,200 m per capita.

The EA team has sent enquiries with details on project alignments cultural and locations to the bureaus all counties where there will be project components. The responses received from these authorities have confirmed that there are no known cultural relics alignments or on the within the project directly impacted areas.

Other environmental and socio-economic features and baseline series conditions are shown in a of maps and the environmental and socio-economic features these maps depict described as follows: are

Figure 2.1 Map of Topography and Physiognomy of Anhui Figure 2.2 Map of Land use of Anhui Figure 2.3 Distribution Map of Population Density of Anhui Figure 2.4 Map of Economic Development Degree of Anhui Figure 2.5 Map of Climatic Zone and Precipitation of Anhui Figure 2.6 Water Resources Distribution Map of Anhui Figure 2.7 Map of Ecological Function Division of Anhui Figure 2.8 Forest Distribution Map of Anhui Figure 2.9 Nature Reserve Distribution Map of Anhui Figure2. 10 Map of Forest Park of Anhui Figure 2.11 Scenery Distribution Map of Anhui Figure 2.12 Map of Soil Erosion of Anhui

Figure 2.1 shows topography and land form of Anhui province. In general, high on the province is the south and southwest and low in the northeast and has a diversified land forms including plains, low hills and mountainous regions. Based on its topographic features shows in Figure 2.1, Anhui can be divided into five distinct zones: (1) Huaihe including areas River plain, along the Huaihe River and the north with a total area of 380,000 km2 or about 27.2% of the provincial total. The area elevation is about 15 to 20 part m although a small of the area in the east reaches 100 to 300 m. (2) Jiang-Huai-Tai low hilly area, basically between the Huaihe River plain and Yangtze River plain with a total area of 364,000 2 23.4% of the provincial km or total. This area has elevations of 50 to east. 80 m and 100-300 m in the (3) Wanxi low hill to mountainous region in the west part of the province. The region has a total area of 119,000 km2 or 8.55% of the provincial total and elevations 1000 m with of 500 to numerous mountains up to 1500 m above the sea. (4) Yanjiang plain, mainly 11 hLJ

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Figure 2.1 The Map of Topography and Physiognomy of Anhui NN

Hilly paddy field Grassland of medium coverage Grassland of low coverage Other Woodland Rural residential areas Urban lanid

Farmland on the slopes of more than 25 degrees Mountainous dry land River Mountainous paddy field Lake Lgn Buiding site ottomland Plain dry larid Shnubbery Woodland Plain - Rehabilitation Project paddy fiel Sparse Woodland - Upgrading Project Forest land Naked rock gravel [~ Reservior Cit ) Cont Grassland of high coverage

Figure 2.2 The Map of Land use of Anhui I I . - " I l . . 1:-i

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Figure 2.3 The Distribution Map of Population Density of Anhui ;l; 0 l O1 I lI

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0 15 30 60km -: GDP per Unit Area 2 ___-_____ , (1000ORMB/ kin ) i 1K

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Figure 2.5 The Map of Climatic Zone and Precipitation of Anhui RehabQitabo Prrsec

- Uprdn Projec

River Figure 2.6 Water Resources Distribution Map of Anhui Province [!lCfty ®3County 0 Ecological Function Division Yangzi-Huai River Hilly Region North Huai River Plain Along Yangzi L,- ~ River Plain South-Anhut Mountainous Region Dabieshan Mountainous Region

- -. ], LegendFiur 2. TeMpoEcogcl Fnton,- Diiio fnu - Rehabilitation Project - Upgrading Project- - r .t D o o I -. 13e-' A

Legend - Rehabilitation Prolect - Upgrading Project 1l City / County - 1 ;ivRiRiver O AiA1 Lake rMINf*4 Broadleafforest Et ftfdOthers * MlReservoir a -M 't4 Broadleaved mixed coniferous forest 'LI11l l Coniferous forests O i Bamboo Figure 2.8 Flora Distribution Map of Anhui Province *- K- -~ S

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1 Tuohu Lake birds and wettands I11Jiulongfeng forest 2 Shiqiuflu Lake treasured 21 Xuanchieng Chinese Alligator waterfawl 12 Lingnan forest, fauna 3 Freshwater and flora 22 Dongxi Lake waterbirds species 13 Mountain 4 Anqinig forest, fauna and flora 23 Wanfuo Mountain Yangtze River waterfowl and wateand 14 Guniujiang forest, treasured fauina and flora 5 forest, treasured fauna and flora 24 Bancang fore", treasured Fauna and Flora Jinzhai tianrna forest, treasured fauna and flora 15 Zhawan forest, treasured fauna and flora 6 Yaoluopingrnationat nature reserve 25 Fuosiling forest, treasured faunia and 16 Huangpushtan treasured fauna flora 7 Kujingyuun forest, treasured and flora 26 Taiping Lake forest, wild fauna and flora 17 Longstian Mountain owls fauna and flora 8 Xixian Qhingingfeng 27 Jixi Qingliangfeng wild forest 16 Baihte waterfowl fauna and flora 9 Shii MGuntain 28 Shibasuo birds forest, wAldfauna and flora 19 Xtsh,an Pear 10 Tianhu Lake forest, fauna 29 Laoshan Mountain forest and flora 20 Huangzangyu vegetation and wtild animals,birds 30 Shiengjin Lake waterfowl 31 Zishita forest and wid aninials Figure 2.9 Nature Reserve Distribution Map of Anhui t/-

- Rehabilitation Project - Upgrading Project FtlCity ®j)County *National UgProvincial

Figure 2.10 The Map of Forest Park of Anhui -77

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The Degree of Soil Erosion

Mi.cro Erosion

X. Si ghL Erosion Moaerare Er osion

Strong Erosion

Extremely Strong Erosion Exquis.te Erosion

- Upgrading Project -

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Figure 2.12 The Map of Soil Erosion of Anhui along the Yangtze River with a total area of 261,000 km 2 or 18.7% of the provincial total. This region has low elevations of 10 to 60 m, criss-crossed by rivers, creeks and canals. (5) Wannan low hills and mountainous region in south Anhui with a total area of 166,000 km2 or 19% of the total. The region is mostly covered by mountains.

Figure 2.2 shows land utilization in Anhui. In total the province has about 14 million ha of land resources including cultivated, forest, dry land, water bodies, construction land and unused land. Of this total, 4.3 million ha or 30% of the total land is cultivated, mostly located in plains north of Yangtze River. There is similar amount of forest land, mostly in mountainous regions west and south of the province.

Figure 2.3 shows the provincial population density distribution. According to a census by Geography Science Research Institute of China Science Academy in 2002, Hefei (provincial capital), and Ma' city areas, particularly those along highways have the highest 2 population density of over 5000/km with some even higher than 10,000/km2 . Next level of population density is in secondary cities of Huaibei, , , , Tongling, and Liu'an cities where population density was about 3000/km 2. In other areas near counties or large townships, population density was about 3000/km 2. In the rural areas long the highways and road, the population density was generally between 200-1000/km 2 while less than 200/km2 in the mountainous regions.

Figure 2.4 shows the provincial economic development status. The most economic developed areas are around the provincial capital of Hefei and other major industrial cities such as Wuhu, Bengpu and Ma' anshan cities. In these area, GDP basically exceeded 2 RMB50 million/km according to a 2002 survey. Another feature is that the economic development is generally high along provincial highway. The mountainous regions have the lowest economic development levels with GDP generally less than RMBO.5 million/km 2 and some even less than RMBO.0 1 million/km2 . Most part of the mountainous regions are belong to poverty regions for the lack of transportation, lack of cultivated land and severe natural conditions.

Figure 2.5 shows the climate and precipitation distribution in the province. Anhui is located in the transition region between warm and subtropical regions. North of Huaihe River is basically in warm region with monsoon climate while south of the river, subtropical region. The annual average precipitation is 773 to 1670 mm, most concentrated in spring and summer. The precipitation is unevenly distributed: high in the south and scarce in the north with the precipitation in Wannan mountainous region mostly in the 1500-2000 mm.. The seasonal change in precipitation is high and so is the change from year to year.

Figure 2.6 shows the provincial water resource distribution. Anhui has a total water resource 3 of 6.8 million m . The annual total river flows are 6.2 billion m3 or 1283 m3 per person in the province. Anhui has abundant water resources in general, with criss-crossed rivers, lakes, ponds and other water bodies. Main river basins include Huaihe River system, Yangtze River system and Xianjiang river system. The province has over 500 lakes with a total water 2 surface area of 1750 km . These include 12 large lakes and 37 medium sized. Chaohu lake,

12 2 at 390 kM , is the largest in the Province. The current Anhui Road Project is mostly related to provincial highways and country roads with minimum river crossing. There is no crossing of major rivers in the province.

Figure 2.7 shows the provincial ecological zoning. Anhui has five Class I Ecologic Zones, namely Jianghuai low hill ecological zone, Huaibei plain ecological zone, Yanjiang plain ecological zone, Wannan mountain ecological zone and Wanxi Dabie mountain ecological zone, as shown in the map. These zones are further divided into 16 sub-zones and 47 ecological function areas based on their particular ecological features.

Figure 2.8 is the provincial flora distribution map. Anhui is located in the transitional area from warm to subtropical zones. Besides the agricultural growth, the provincial flora is basically deciduous broad leaf trees in the north, ever green and deciduous trees in the middle and evergreen broad leaf trees and other flora in the south, approximately synchronized with the climate changes from north to south. Affected by the climate and topographic changes across the province, the flora growth in Anhui is highly diversified. It is at the south border of northern flora and north border of southern flora. So the province can see the mixture and transition of north and south vegetation growths.

Figure 2.9 shows the provincial nature reserve distribution. Anhui has a total of 31 nature reserves of different levels with a total area of 480,000 ha or 3.45% of the total provincial land. These include nine national, 23 provincial and two municipal/county levels reserves. As shown in the map, they are distributed along Yangtze and Huaihe Rivers, Dabieshan mountainous and Wannan mountainous regions. About 70-80% of wildlife species, as well as forest and wetland, are found in these protected nature reserves

Figure 2.10 shows the forest park distribution in the province. Anhui has 27 national level and 16 provincial level forest parks. They are mostly located in the south and west mountainous regions as well as hilly regions of the middle and north, as shown in the map.

Figure 2.11 shows the provincial tourist resource distribution. Anhui has abundant tourist resources with both natural and man-made sceneries. Among the natural tourist attractions, there are five national level sceneries (two are world nature heritage sites), five national level nature protection areas, 27 national level forest parks and more provincial and lower level protected areas, sceneries and forest parks. Man-made, cultural and historical attractions include Haozhou, Shouxian and Zuoxian historical and cultural towns. There are several world class cultural relics sites including Ming Imperial Tomb site, pithecanthropus site, etc. including three world historical and cultural heritages..

Figure 2.12 shows the water loss and soil erosion status in the province. As shown in the map, the most serious soil erosion occurs in Wannan and Wanxi Dabei mountain regions. According to relevant study reports, areas suffering serious soil erosion are 6720 kM2 , or 48% of the region in Wanxi (west Anhui) and 7780 kM2, or 33.1 °% of the reign in Wannan (south Anhui).

13 3. Environmental Issues: Road Rehabilitation Subprojects

3.1 Overview of the Road Rehabilitation Subprojects

As described above, there are 18 road rehabilitation subprojects totaling 888.5 km, mostly for surface re-pavement and structure repair. As the subprojects will be on the same road right of ways which have already been in use for many years, without involvement of new land occupation, the incremental envirornental impacts from the project operations will be limited. Any temporary adverse impacts will be mostly limited to the construction phase. There will be reconstruction of six bridges, on their original locations and again, the impacts of this work will be mostly limited to the construction phase.

3.2 Primary Enironmental Issues

In terms of quantity of works, this type of subproject is relatively small. The environmental concerns are listed in table below.

Table 3.1 Summary of Primary Environmental Concerns Len gth No. Name of Subproject (km) Grade/Lanes Primary concern/location 4 hNo significant environmental I G104 Chuzhou-Chahe 31.4 4 lanes concern; noise impact in operation ephase and construction management G206 Suzhounan- No significant environmental 2 Huaihuabei 73.8 4 lanes concern; noise impact in operation phase and construction management No significant environmental 3 G311 Suzhou 35.5 41anes concern; noise impact in operation phase and construction management G318 Shuizhen- II No significant environmental 4 Nanling 17.5 4 lanes concern; noise impact in operation Nhase and construction management G318 Dadukou- 29 No significant environmental 5 Yinhui 29.2 4 lanes concern; noise impact in operation phase and construction management Impact on water quality in Tiantang River, Jiangjun River and Baimao River by the reconstruction of Jianshe Bridge over Tiantang River on the 6IV G318 6 G318Yuexi 78.1 21anes JiangjunYuexi Bridge Section over Jiangjun(K625+020), River (K630+054), Baimao Bridge over Baimao River (K691+580) No significant environmental concern; noise impact in operation phase and construction management

14 Table 3.2 Summ ry of Prim ry Environmental Concerns (continued) No. Name of Subproject Length Grade/Lanes Primary concern/location (m No significant environmental 7 SlOlHechu- Bengpu 89.8 4 concern; noise impact in operation phase and construction management S103 Hamoling- No significant environmental 8 84.0 concern; noise impact in operation Qingyang 4 lanes phase and construction management Impact on the water intake for the residents in Baili Town 500 m of the S211 Zhuping IV Baili Bridge ( K27+317) to be 9 -Dashan 30.6 2 lanes reconstructed No significant environmental concern; noise impact in operation phase and construction management No significant environmental 10 S212 Huaining 47.2 concern; noise impact in operation 4 lanes hase and construction management

S21hou5 Jiangu 102 6No significant environmental 12 . l concern; noise impact in operation phase and construction management S303 Suzhou-Jiangsu I. No significant environmental 12 Border 102.6 4 lanes concern; noise impact in operation phase and construction management iSoaNo significant environmental 143 S303 Huaibei 22.849 concern; noise impact in operation phase and construction management S310O Shouxian- II No significant environmental 14 Huoqiu 70.9 4 lanes concern; noise impact in operation phasan costruction management S310 Huoqiu- 352No significant environmental 15 Zhongxing 35.2 4 lanes concern; noise impact in operation phase and construction management Impact of reconstruction of Changhe Bridge over Changhe River 16 S320 Changhe- 42 1 (K131+662) on the Changhe River Hengpu 4 lanes No significant environmental concern; noise impact in operation phase and construction management S32IJiangkou- No significant environmental 17 Zhufan 24.1 4 lanes concern; noise impact in operation phase and construction management S321 Fanchang- 24 No significant environmental Baiyangpo 24.2 4 lanes concern; noise impact in operation phase and construction management

The significant environmental issues during the construction phase would be the potential impacts of underwater or in water works during bridge demolition and reconstruction. The construction activities will include bridge demolition, piling, foundation and column construction and temporary supporting facilities. River bed sediment will be disturbed and re-suspended and construction machineries could involve oil leaking, resulting in increased suspended solid and oil in the river up to 100 m downstream from the construction sites or longer for oil if there are major leaks. The impacts would only be limited to the construction

15 phase and once the construction activities terminate, the impact will soon disappear.

The Baili bridge site is about 500 m from a water intake on the river for the water treatment plant of Baili town. Although the intake location is by the current analysis outside the potentially impacted area from the bridge demolition and reconstruction, water quality will be closely monitored and an emergency plan developed to ensure drinking water safety during the project construction.

The road rehabilitation will bring positive impacts/benefits to the environment and communities. The improved road quality will enhance traffic safety and smoother and quick traffic would help reduce the traveling time and motor vehicle emissions, as well as improve transportation efficiency of the local road network.

16 4. Environmental Issues: Road Improvement Subprojects

The analysis presented in this Chapter is based on and derived from six separate EIA reports which were prepared for road improvement subprojects. Analysis about potential impacts for the 18 road rehabilitation subprojects is from one EIA report covering all 18 subprojects which is presented in Chapter 3 above. As S322 is basically a new construction subproject with significant environmental impacts to some of the sensitive areas, environmental issues for S322 covered separately in this report (Chapter 5).

4.1 Summary of Environmental Issues

Main environmental issues associated with each of the subprojects are summarized in Table 4.1. These issues including sensitive receptors which could potentially affected by the project construction and operation are identified through site reconnaissance by the EA teams throughout all project road alignments and immediately surrounding areas, collection and review of relevant documents, statistics, study reports, and other types of project data, and interviews with project engineers, planners, specialists, relevant agencies and institutions, and local knowledgeable people. In order to the extent or significance of the impacts, analysis of the identified environmental issues has been conducted through noise and water quality models where appropriate and other analytical tools, in accordance with the State Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA)'s technical guidelines. Complete analysis methodologies, including mathematical model for noise and water impacts, and analogy analysis for other impacts based on thorough site investigation and data collection and evaluation, and the detailed results are presented in the original Chinese version environmental impact assessment reports for each of the subprojects.

The road alignments and key environmental and social sensitive receptors along the alignments for the six road improvement subprojects are shown in the pullout maps in Annex, Figure 1 through Figure 6 respectively.

17 Table 4.1 Environmental Issues for Road Improvement Subprojects (except S322) Subproject Environmental concerns/location Description of concerns Analysis of Environmental Impacts Significant Major environmental issues environmental Issues All Resettlement and land Permanent loss of Loss of income sources, A total of 6549 mu of land lost permanently including 4560 subprojects acquisition land; relocation to interruption of life, change of cultivated land; 2723 mu land lost temporarily; demolition of other communities lifestyle and familiar living and 31,195 m2 of houses; affecting a total of 3733 people. working environment S311 As the subproject Borrow pits In plain area, 4 borrow pits, The borrow pits are prone to rainfall if without protective Chuzhou- largely limited to occupin 66.1 mu. measures. Dingyuan rehabilitation works, Noise There are 16 noise sensitive To the mid term of 2015, noise level at three receptors will no significant receptors ( 8 villages, 4 schools, 3 exceed the standard by a range of 0.5-4.5 dB(A). to 2024, the environmental hospitals and I rest home). The noise level at 7 receptors will exceed the standard for daytime concerns were baseline monitoring results by 0.5-4.3 dB(A); in 2024, the noise level at 11 receptors will identified indicate that the noise level in exceed the standard for night by 0.5-4.5 dB(A); in 2024, noise night generally exceed the standard level at 14 receptors will exceed the standard for night by a by 0.3-16 dB(A) and in daytime by range between 0.9 to 6.6 dB(A). 0.1-10 dB(A) in Category 4 area; in Category 2 area generally meet the standard with slight exceedance in night by 0.8-1 dB(A). S311 No significant Borrow pits There are 7 borrow pits, occupying The borrow pits is prone to rainfall if without protective Chuzhou- environmental 298.6 mu. measures. Wuyi concerns Traffic Disruption There are 10 inter-sections, 30 Some disruption of local traffic but as the roads are to be passages, equivalent to 2 passages upgraded half of the surface at a time, there won't be complete each km. disruption.

18 Subproject Environmental concerns/location Description of concerns Analysis of Environmental Impacts Significant Major environmental issues environmental Issues Noise There are 16 noise sensitive The noise level will be increased to a certain degree. receptors: 14 villages and 2 1) in the short term, on the Improvement road, the noise schools. There are 12 receptors on level will exceed the standard for daytime by -0.1 to 4.2 the roads to be upgraded, and 4 on dB(A), for nighttime by 3.4 to 14.7 dB(A) the new roads. The noise 2) in the short term, on the new roads, the noise level will monitoring results indicate that the exceed the for daytime by 6.5 to 8.5 dB(A), for nighttime acoustic quality on the roads to be by 8.8 to 10.9 dB(A) upgraded can meet the Category 4 standard, while on the roads to be newly constructed can meet the Category 2 standard day time and Category I standard for night. S105 Water intake for Borrow pits There are 24 borrow pits, The borrow pits are prone to rainfall if without protective Chaohu- drinking water occupying 1,030 mu farmland measures. Wujiang treatment plant There are 2 A drinking water intake for Puji * construction and demolition of bridges will cause pollution, operating water Community, 50 m downstream of such as SS, domestic wastewater, oil; intakes and I Shiba River (K52+800), a drinking * presence of trucks hauling hazardous chemicals will present standby intake water intake for Wujiang Town, risk due to traffic accidents. 400 m downstream of Yinjiang Water course (K63+000); a standby water intake, 2.5 km downstream of Qingxi River (K9+600). Traffic Disruption There are 78 intersections, I Some disruption of local traffic but as the roads are to be platform bridge and 9 new upgraded half of the surface at a time, there won't be complete passages, equivalent to 1.33 disruption. passage each km.

19 Subproject Environmental concerns/location Description of concerns Analysis of Environmental Impacts Significant Major environmental issues environmental Issues Noise There are 92 sensitive receptors * the noise level on the roads to be upgraded will increased by along the road, with 13 on the new a narrow range, in short term in daytime by 0.9-3.7 dB(A), roads and 79 on the roads to be and nighttime by 0.2-6.2 dB(A); in medium term in daytime upgraded. Included are 12 schools, by 1.9-4.6 dB(A) and in nighttime by 1.94.6 dB(A); in long I rest home and 79 residential term in daytime by 2.9-5.6 dB(A) and in nighttime by 2.4-8.1 block or villages. dB(A). on the new roads, the noise level at most receptors is projected to exceed the standard in short term in operation phase. The range of standard exceedance is significantly large in the area where Category 2 standard is applicable. With the increasing traffic flow, in the medium to long term, the standard will be exceeded largely. G205 Ecological impact by Borrow pits and There are 3 borrow pits and 2 spoil The borrow pits and spoil stock piling sites are prone to rainfall Caijiaqiao- the construction of spoil stockpile stockpile sites, occupying an area if without protective measures. Tanjiaqiao tunnel sites of 100.4 mu. Queling Tunnel Queling Tunnel (1.3 km) The construction of tunnel will bring increased noise from (1.3 km) and (K28+230-K29+520) and Xiling exploration, air borne dust and wastewater. The disposal of Xiling Tunnel (0.3 Tunnel (0.3 km) ( K31+340- spoiled soil from the tunnel will occupy natural land and km) K31+650) damage vegetation on the site. Impact on The geological survey results No impact on the groundwater in locality groundwater by indicate that there are no tunnel groundwater resources beneath the construction sites of tunnel. Disposal of spoils It is estimated that the two tunnels The spoil stockpiling sites are prone to rainfall if without from the tunnels will generate 107,370 m3 spoils. protective measures. The majority of the spoil is rocks. After balance between the borrow and spoils, the remaining spoils will be stockpile in a valley 50 m left of the road.

20 Subproject Environmental concerns/location Description of concerns Analysis of Environmental Impacts Significant Major environmental issues environmental Issues Noise 8 noise sensitive receptors Till medium term to 2016, the noise level at the 8 receptors are including I school and 7 villages projected to meet the standards both at night and daytime; to the long-term of 2024, in daytime the noise level at the 8 receptors can meet the standard, but in nighttime, noise level at 2 receptors exceed the standard by 2.4 dB(A). G205 No significant Spoil Stockpile There are 5 spoil stock piling sites, The spoil stockpiling sites are prone to rainfall if without Tangkou- environmental sites occupying 43 mu protective measures. Qiankou concerns Noise There are 13 noise sensitive In the medium term to 2015, in daytime, the noise level at all receptors, including 3 schools and receptors can meet the standard, except for Zhongshanlingxia 10 towns. Primary School where the noise exceed the standard by 1.4 dB(A); in nighttime, the noise level at 11 receptors will exceed the standard by a range of 0.1 -5.5 dB(A); In the long term to 2023, in daytime the noise Ivel at 4 receptors will exceed the standard by 1.0-2.7 dB(A); in nighttime the noise level at all receptors will exceed the standard by 0.2-7.0 dB(A). G205 Thnxi- No significant Spoil Stockpile There are 10 spoil stockpiling sites, The spoil stockpiling sites are prone to rainfall if without Provincial Border environmental sites occupying an area of 81.5 mu. protective measures. concerns Noise There are 11 noise sensitive In the medium term to 2016, and the long term to 2024, in receptors including I hospital and daytime the noise level at the 8 receptors can meet the 10 villages standard; in medium term the noise level at 4 receptors exceed the standard for nighttime by 0.1-2.9 dB(A); in long term the noise level at 5 receptors will exceed the standard by 1.7-5.8 dB(A).

21 In summary, the above table shows that the main potential adverse impacts to the natural and socio-economic environment from the road improvement subprojects will include land acquisitions and resettlement, increased noise from various construction activities, air borne dust from civil work, stockpiling of bulk materials and transportation, damaged vegetation at or in the vicinity of the construction sites, reduced traffic capacity due to the occupation of road during improvement, and impact to water bodies near the construction sites from mainly the surface runoff from the disturbed land.

Again, the road improvement subprojects will bring benefits to the natural and social environments through the improved transportation efficiency, access to market and services by the local community, traffic safety, and reduction of traffic time and as a result transportation costs and motor vehicle emissions. The improved transportation infrastructure will help with the regional economic development and poverty reduction.

A sound construction management plan is a key to avoid, mitigate or minimize the potential impacts to the acceptable levels. The environmental management plan, which includes proposed mitigation measures, responsible organizations and monitoring requirements are presented in Chapter 6, below.

22 5. Environmental Issues - S322 Taohuatan to Gantang Highway

This subproject is located in the most environmentally sensitive area as identified during the site investigation during project EA and part of the road section is above Taiping lake, a national level scenery park and the mountainous areas where there are protected species of wildlife. There are nature reserves in the region but the closest is about 2 km from the road alignment. In addition, a large portion of this subproject will involve construction of new road on green field sites involving significant disturbance of the natural setting of the already sensitive areas and thus high incremental impacts to the environment. Because of the, these considerations, environmental assessment of subproject S322 is presented separately in this chapter.

5.1 Background and Subproject Description

This subproject is located in the transition area from south Yangtze River plain to the Wannan mountainous region. Constrained by Taiping Lake, road between Taohuatan and Gantang is not fully connected with one section (K6-K14) without any road or bridge. The existing road starts and S322 Jing County-Taohuatan and ends at S103 Huangshan section. The existing road is partially of Grade II highway technical standards but most part of most lower standard and very poor conditions. In particular, Y005 section is located on the plain and low hilly area, with the road base of 7 m but some part only 3-5 m, and sand pavement as road surface. Another section, X040, is on the hilly area with 7 m road base and some sections even only 2-3 m. The road surface at this section is partly asphalt and partly dirt. The road alignment and configuration are very poor with the average vertical slope of 7.25%, the maximum vertical slope is 8.09% and the longest slope is 1.2 km. In one section, over the Longmen Hills (from Jiangjiakeng to Majia, 7 km), there are 12 sharp or U turns along the road.

As the existing road is designed as a country road with low technical grade and the road is not fully connected over Taiping Lake, the traffic flow is very low. It affects the transportation efficiency of the road network in the region and cannot meet the transportation needs of the local residents. The limited access to the region affects adversely the economic and social development of the region and the lifestyle and standard of living of the local rural residents. The total project road length is 29.74 km.

Once constructed, the subproject will become a key part of provincial highway S322 and thus an important tourism road connecting the scenic spots such as Taohuatan, Taiping Lake and Huangshan Mountain. The design standard will be Grade II with a design speed of 40 km/hr. and design width of 8.5 m, from the starting point to K14+473 and from K27+301 to end (K29+740), totaling 16.91 km, while. Grade IV with design speed of 20 km/hr and design width of 4 m in the section over Longmen Hills is from K14+473 to K27+301, totaling about 12.83 km. This section will be mostly rehabilitation of along the existing alignment with minimum new road construction. Figures 5.1 and 5.2 show the designed road

23 cross sections for the above two separate sections respectively.

The total investment for this subproject is 194.917 million RMB, equivalent to 6.555 million RMB per km. It is scheduled to break foundation by the end of 2007, and completed by the end of 2009.

curb lane curb

43-2_ 22 - us

-. ^-- t, - -

The scope of road use

Figure 5.1 Cross Section of Road Improvement (K27+301 to K29+740) (Grade II standard, with road base of 8.5 m, driving lanes of 2x3.5 m and curbs of 2x0.75 m)

Curb lane curb

r t

The scope of road use

Figure 5.2 Cross Section of Road rehabilitation (K14+473 to K29+736) (Grade IV standard, with road base of 5.5 m, driving lane of 4 m and curbs of 2x0.75 m)

5.2 Project Benefits and Justification

Improved transportationNetwork

S322 is the most important trunk road in the Wannan (south Anhui) Mountainous region. However, as the section Taohuatan-Gantang is blocked by the Taiping Lake and Longmen Hillsk and not fully connected, the only dead ends roads in the whole province, it seriously affects the transportation ability and efficiency of the regional road network. Currently from Taohuatan to Huangshan area will have to rely on county-level road between Taohuatan and

24 Shaji first and then S 103, totally 82 km.

This subproject will provide the shortest path between the two locations, cutting the distance by 51 km and save drive time by at least one hour. Construction of the subproject will remove the regional transportation bottleneck and eliminate the last dead end in the provincial road system. In addition, together with S205, S103, WuHang Expressway and Tong-Tang Expressway, this subproject will help form a complete trunk road network, thus improving the transport conditions and efficiency for Wannan Mountainous Region.

Regional Economic Development

By constructing this subproject, the local transportation conditions will be greatly improved which in turn will provide much better access to and from the region and thus contribute to poverty reduction and economic development of the region. It is estimated the subproject will benefit about 2700 rural and mostly poor people, through transportation of local produces to the markets, opportunities for commercial and income developments along the roadside, and attraction of outside investment and tourists. The better connection will low the time and costs of people movement, particularly those from the countryside in the region to the townships, counties and other urban or tourists centers for employments, services, education, shopping and visiting and thus help enhance the standard of living of the rural life.

Attraction of tourists

Wannan Mountainous Region is of abundant tourism resources, including Huangshan which is located within the subproject area and is a center piece of the provincial and national tourist attraction. Taohuatang itself is also a key tourist spot The subproject road will directly connect Taohuatan, Taiping Lake and Huangshan Mountain. As such, it is expected that this subproject will help attract more tourists to this area and further support the development of the provincial and regional tourist industry.

Safety and driving conditions

The project completion will result in a great rehabilitation of the road surface, road base, traffic signs and other engineering and supportive conditions. The improved road conditions will enhance traffic safety and driving conditions, benefiting the vehicle drivers and local communities. The improved driving conditions will allow short driving time and also improved driving efficiency and thus reduced air emission.

5.3 Environment Baseline

5.3.1 Topography

This subproject is located between the South Yangtze River plain area and the Wannan Mountainous Region. This area slopes generally from south to north. The middle part is hilly

25 area while the south and north parts are mountain and valleys as well as plain. The section from the start point (Gantang) to Longmen Hills, is located in a valley, with the ground level ranging between 160-250 im From Longmen Hills to Liujia of Taohuatan Town the road is on a hilly area, with a highly rolling terrain, and the ground elevation is 120-500 m. From Liujia to Wancun Village is on a valley, sloping from south to north with the ground elevation of 55-130 m.

5.3.2 Hydrology

The main water bodies within the project area are Taiping Lake and Qingyijiang River, a tributary of Yangtze River. The subproject road will go through part of Taiping Lake shore and Qingyijiang River banks. Taiping Lake is the largest reservoir in Anhui Province. It is originated from the natural streams from Huangshan and Jiuhuashan Mountains. The surface 2 area of the reservoir is 88.6 kM , the total storage, 2.47 billion m 3 , and the average depth, 40 m. It flows through Qingyijiang into Yangtze River. The main functions of the reservoir include irrigation, flood discharge, aquaculture, and tourism. Taiping lake is zoned as Class II surface water quality standard and a fisheries protection water body. The subproject will cross this Taiping lake at K9+820, K 10+194, K 1+125 and K13+250.

Liujia reservoir/water pond is located at K5+400 in Taohuatan town. The reservoir is about 10 m to the road alignment and, at this close distance, vulnerable to road construction activities particularly sediment discharge which would increase the suspended solid in the reservoir. The reservoir is categorized as Class III reservoirs with a dead capacity of 1 3 million m . Based on the site investigation, this reservoir is mainly for flood control and irrigation purpose. There are no fisheries, drinking water source or other functions at this particular water body.

5.3.3 Vegetation

Along the section from the starting point to K6 and again from K22-end point, the natural vegetative cover has been totally replaced by artificial plants and farmland. The main crops are paddy and wheat. The artificial woods are simple in structure, consisting of masson pine and trees.

Along the section from K6-K22, the natural vegetative cover is secondary woods, including masson pines and tea trees. The local statistical information shows extensive planting of tea gardens, and together with masson and other vegetation along the areas, there is a the over 90% of green coverage of the area land.

5.3.4 Forest, Biodiversity and Cultural Properties

Generally, the project area is dominated with the evergreen broad-leaved woods. In the north part of the area, there are primarily mixed woods of broad-leaved trees and conifer trees, and the secondary bushes. Grass and weeds are scattered over this area. The coverage of vegetation in this area is over 73%. There are 900 species of trees and bushes, with 20

26 species being protected at national or provincial level. As influenced by human activities in the south part, the vegetative cover is made of artificial plants such as tea trees, bamboo and paddy field.

There are 48 species of mammals, 170 species of birds, 38 species of reptile, 20 species of amphibious animals, and 24 species of fish in the project area. As affected by the intensive human activities in the project area, there is generally no longer any large-size wildlife. The primary wild animals in this area are rodent animals and ordinary birds. Wildlife habitats are mostly in the highly rolling and remote hilly areas, as the human activities are rare and disturbance minimum. Based on consultation with the local forest bureau during the EA, the govermment agency responsible for wildlife management, there are likely several important animals, such as pangolin and other protected species. These species of wildlife are mostly far away from human inhabited areas and the project area.

Based on the consultation with the local cultural authority during the EA (consultation letter sent to the Cultural Bureau with a project alignment map), there is no known cultural relics within the project directly impacted area.

5.3.5 Social-Economic Baseline

This subproject involves primarily two districts, of , and Jing County under City. The socio-economic features of these districts are described below.

Huangshan District: The area agriculture is centered on grain, tea, bamboo, timber and fishery, followed by silk, nut, husbandry, vegetable, wheat and Chinese herbs. Two species of from the area "Huangshan Maojian"' and "" are among the best known in the country. The area industries include primarily on food processing, machinery and forest products. In 2004, the GDP in the district was 1.888 billion RMB, 12.1% higher than the previous year. The ratio of output from the primary, secondary and tertiary industries is 23.3 to 14.8 to 61.9. Tourism provides the major contribution to local GDP and incomes. In 2004, the number of tourists into this district was 1.327 million bringing in direct incomes of RMB266 million.

Jin County: Jing County is located in the Wannan Mountainous Region nstrained by poor transport condition, it is under developed. The main agricultural produces are paddy, bean, Brassica napus and cotton. The main industrial product is Xuan Paper. In 2004, the output from agriculture, fishery, forestry and husbandry was 952.89 million RMB, 26.3% more than 2003. In 204, the GDP of this county is RMIB2.613 billion. The ratio of output from the primary, secondary and tertiary industries is 22.2:40.3:37.5.

The key local socio-economic features are summarized in Table 5.1

27 Table 5.1 Socio-economic Feature of the Project Area GDP Economic outputs ratio %) GDP per Rural poverty Population (RMB income poet City/ county 0to 100 Primary Scaonidarya piY population 100Prmay ecndryTertia capita (RNIB/ Po(104) Million) ry y/capita) Xuancheng 273.0 235.7 21.3 43.3 35.4 8793 2844 5.0 City Jing County 35.5 26.13 22.2 40.3 37.5 7361 2488 1.6

Huangshan 146.4 132 18.8 35.9 45.3 9133 1823 2.8 City Huangshan 16.1 18.88 23.3 14.8 61.9 9018 3053 0.32 District

Anhui 6461 4813 19.4 45.1 35.5 7768 2499 142

On the impacted area, the subproject goes through six villages in Taohua town with 13,122 people, 8 villages in Longmen town with 5277 people, and 14 villages in Gantang town with roughly 35,000 people. These rural residents primarily rely on agriculture as their main source of income. Some do provide services particularly on the road side those along the existing road.

5.3.6 Tourism Resources (Tourism Development Plan)

This area has abundant tourism resources, although development and utilization of the resources are restricted by the currently poor transportation conditions and other basic infrastructure at the many potential tourist areas. Anhui Province has prepared an ambitious plan for tourism development, in which it tends to create the Wannan Mountainous region as a famous tourist attraction destiny nationwide. In this plan, the "Two Mountains One Lake" (Huangshan and Jiuhuashan Mountains and Taiping Lake) will be the center piece of the development and the tourist will be one of the pillar industries in the province. This subproject road is expected to help implementing the plan.

Figure 5.3 shows the relations of project road to Taohuatan tourist site, the closet major tourist attractors to be affected by and benefited form the protect road.

Figure 5.4 show the relations of project road to Taiping Lake tourist attraction, the closet major tourist attractors to be affected by and benefited form the protect road.

Figure 5.5 shows the relations of project road to "Two Mountain, One Lake", the major tourist attractors to be affected by and benefited form the protect road.

More specifically, Haungshan district will concentrate its effort on the Huangshan mountain scenery park, and bring with it other tourists spots adjacent to Huangshan mountain. The goal is the national attraction and one of the most wanted tourist destinies in the country. The

28 -L ~The Proposed ProjetI -sF

KO+760

Figure 5.3 The Map of Wancun Acinent Architecture Tourism Service Area - ':~~~'Y * .§<>J .r'

-...... I Th rpse rjcs

Legend QDevelopment Area * Sight Spot

Figure 5.4 The Map of Taiping Lake Resort I Se , *1 i4xS-,X 1, ? -. ~~~~~~~1N ^ 't'/ 1A;T,\---F

0 <\ ~> 1 ;;a2O zj 7

-0- 12

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'~~ C' 5., / /} ,* l! Opi O-gi /O / - /d0 Iit',

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Figure 5.5 The Relation of S322 and "Two Mountain, One Lake" Tourism Area district government plans to establish an extended tourist line particularly developing the surrounding tourist resources so that to have tourists spend more time in the region, beyond the traditional Huangshan mountain area alone. At this plan, the Taiping Lake scenery area is one of the key development goals which, as a large water body, providing a good contrast to the mountain scenery.

Xuancheng City divides itself into five areas for tourism development. This subproject area is directly related to the New 4 th Army culture and the revolutionary heritage base. It includes headquarter of New 4 th Army, Wannan Military Incident battlefield, hometown of Xuan paper and Taohuatan-Taiping Lake areas.

The road alignment and key environmental and social sensitive receptors along the alignment for S322 subproject is shown in the pullout maps in Annex, Figure 7.

5.4 Primary Environmental Issues during Construction and Operation

5.4.1 Soil Erosion

As the project is in a low hilly region, where the streams are developed leading to a great ground level differentiation, plus the vegetative cover is lost in some plots, the soil erosion is present in the area, but the degree is low.

Construction of the project may lead to severe soil erosion. The soil is particularly prone to erosion at the road slope, access road and borrow pits. In the initial stage of construction phase, the road side slope is often not protected with cover and drains, thus vulnerable to soil erosion by rainfall runoff; on the slope of excavation or filling, the texture of soil is very loose thus tends to be more unstable. Heavy rainfall may cause landslide, particularly on slops where stability may be reduced due to the project construction activities. There are a number of access road along the project, which are usually barren and prone to soil erosion.

To mitigate the impacts, the following measures will be taken:

On cutting slope * The cut slope should be compacted immediately after it is cut; * Constructed should be scheduled to avoid rain season for the slope cutting or earth work during heavy rains;; * Drain system should be provided and the slope should be covered during rain days

On road base The road based should be compacted into several layers. At the same time the side drains and protective engineering measures should be provided.

On access road The access road side slope should be planted. After the works is completed, the access road should be reclaimed for vegetative growth or farmland development.

29 On borrow pit and deposit sites Peripheral ditches should be excavated around the pit before earth borrowing starts. The ditch should be connected with adjacent stream. The soil in the pit should be compacted immediately after daily operation is completed. After the pit is completed, it should be reclaimed for vegetative establishment.

The top soil should be separate from subsoil during the initial excavation. When the excavation of subsoil reaches the designed depth, the topsoil should be returned to the pits.

At the sides of water bodies, particularly sensitive water bodies, such as lakes, fish ponds and drinking water sources, interception ditches, retention tanks or cloth filters will be installed to prevent and minimize discharge of runoff with high sediment into the water bodies. .

5.4.2 Drainage

In the project design document, the road base and surface are provided with drainage systems. For sections to be filled, typically no drainage ditch is needed, unless the safe conditions are such that they created the need for dedicated drainage ditches.

The runoff on road surface will be collected by the road ditches. As the road will cross Taiping Lake, in order to prevent the potentially contaminated surface runoff from entering directly into the lake, the peripheral ditch will be constructed.

5.4.3 Tree Cutting

The project needs clear cut 529 mu of wood land, which will involve public woods. In particular, at section of K5-7, there will be substantial tree cutting to make a way for the road. To mitigate the impacts, the following measures will be taken:

* the contractor should contact with the local forest department to define the scope and workers, the path for vehicles and forest protection line; * The workers' camp should be located remote from the woods and tea plantation, and the vegetative cover should be protected; * The trees to be cut should be clearly identified and registered; * After the works is completed, the site should be replanted.

5.4.4 Disposal of Spoil and Solid Waste

Top soil on the borrow pits, road base and construction site should be separated from the subsoil and stored in a designated site. The top soil will be reused for land scoping to reclaim the site. In the site where the top soil stored, retaining wall should be provided and to be covered. After the top soil is removed the site should be reclaimed and landscaped. The project construction will generate some solid waste requiring disposed. Woods cut should be

30 piled on site and be processed into logs. The leaves should be returned the wood lands.

5.4.5 Wildlife

There are 48 species of animals, 170 species of bird, 38 species of reptile, 20 species of amphibious animals, and 24 species of fish in the project region. As affected by intensive human activities in the project area, there is generally no large-size wild animal. The primary wild animals in this area are rodent animals and ordinary birds. In the highly rolling hilly area, where the human activities are rare, thus this area becomes the primary habitat for wild animals. Based on information obtained from local forest departments, in this area there are likely several important animals, such as pangolin, which is under national lead protection. In particular, a large portion of this subproject will be new road to be constructed on green field such as K14-24 where there are substantial animal activities. Wildlife currently active in these areas will be disturbed by the tree cutting, severance of the habitats by the road and other changes introduced by the road construction and operations.

To mitigate potential impacts, the following measures will be taken:

During the construction phase:

* The construction in wooded area should be carefully scheduled to minimize the construction period and minimize the blasting operation, so as to protect the wildlife from disturbance; * Routine communication with the local wildlife rescue center should be established when the wounded wild animals are found, they should be protected and taken to the animal rescue center or similar facilities where wounded animals can receive proper care and treatment; * The timing of construction should be scheduled to avoid the sensitive period of the wild animals each day. For example, morning and evening are the peak time for breeding and productivity of animals. Thus high noise operation, such as blasting operation should be banned during these periods; and * Education of wildlife protection should be provided to contractors.

During the operation phase:

Wildlife is relatively active on the section of K6-K24. Thus along this section warning signs will be set up to inform drivers driving on the road which the frequent presence of wild animals. Public billboards will also be erected to provide contact information about the local forest department for rescue of the wounded animals, if any.

In addition, drainage pipes and culverts along the road, particularly the section in K6-K24 will be over designed in size to allow animal crossings and to minimize the impact of habitat severance. These culverts will be designed with sufficient size, and harmonize with the natural land form and other features such as food sources and creeks where animal activities may be most frequent.

31 5.4.6 Impact to Irrigation

Some of the construction activities and road itself may cut through or otherwise disrupt irrigation canals. When occurred, these impacts would disrupt the irrigation and affect the area farming particularly in spring and other seasons when irrigation is critical to cultivation. To mitigate the potential impacts, the construction activities will be carefully planned and scheduled to avoid interruption or damage irrigation canals in the key agricultural seasons. Farmers will be consulted ahead of the time to ensure the schedule of construction would conflict with key farming period if possible. Where damage cannot be avoided during irrigation season, compensation measures shall be planned such as temporary irrigation structures or water wells. All damaged irrigation channels will be repaired and/or reinstalled immediately after the construction is completed. New irrigation facilities will be constructed if the existing ones cannot be repaired or reinstalled in the original location.

5.4.7 Impact on Landscape

The new road construction will change land form, topography and landscape. There will be substantial tree and other vegetation growth cutting and a road will cut through many areas which are currently well landscaped or well covered by greens. The presence of the road in the currently land covered by vegetation growth would also impact on area landscape affecting vegetation and land form harmony.

To mitigate the impacts, the road will be design to harmonize with the natural land form as much as possible to minimize the changes to natural topography. Trees will be planted along the road side to compensate for the tree cutting.

5.4.8 Impact of Construction Camps

Construction camps will be erected along the road and some of them will be in remote locations. The construction camps will occupy land temporarily, damaging the trees and other vegetation. The operation of the camps will involve wastewater generation, solid waste, air emission from kitchens and asphalt kilns, and potential oil leaks from construction machineries and truck maintenance, impacting the environmental quality if not well controlled. Some contractors may select to set up the camps in existing villages which is a wide practice in the country. This may bring burdens to the rural community and disturbance to their routine life. The population mobility from construction workers would also bring increased risk of epidemic diseases special in remote and currently isolated areas where population may be particularly vulnerable.

To mitigate the potential impacts, construction camps will be carefully selected to avoid any sensitive areas. Use barren land if possible to minimize tree cutting. Contractors will be advised not to be set up their camps at villages and must consult the villages if they have to. Asphalt kilns will be set at the area opposite from the wind direction from the villages. All construction camps must have septic tanks for wastewater holding and certain levels of

32 treatment before discharge. Solid waste will be collected, stored and then buried in pre-selected sites. Good hygiene, sanitation and housekeeping will be maintained to ensure health of the workers and the surrounding residents. Training will be provided to construction worker to minimize the disturbance to the local residents. Emergency plan will be made for epidemic control.

5.4.9 Impact on Tourism

The project area is in the core area of the important tourism region, known as "Two Mountains and One Lake" in Anhui Province. The natural and artificial resource for tourism development is very abundant. The main scenic spots along this project road are Taohuatan and Taiping Lake. Construction of the road will lead to great development of the local tourism resource. By this road, the three important scenic spots, Taohuatan, Taiping Lake and Huangshan Mountain, can be directly connected, so as to enhance the development of the core region.

There will be indirect impacts from road operation. As the road will improve access to tourist areas which may be difficult to go under the current conditions, more tourists may be expected in these attractions. Coming with the tourists are developments, wastewater, solid waste, and others which could adverse impacts to the enviromnent. All area tourist attractions will make plans to accommodate the anticipated increase in tourists with considerations to sanitation and pollution control facilities and these recommendations have been forwarded to the administrative authorities of these scenic areas and parks.

5.4.10 Resettlement and Community Impacts

The road construction will involve permanent occupation of 696 mu of land including 157 mu of cultivated land and 372 mu woodland. A total of 37 households and 150 people will be relocated and resettled and additional 217 households and 834 people will lose their land to the project. The construction will also require temporary land occupation of 143 mu land including 52 mu cultivated land and 91 mu woodland. The impact to house demolition is 8465 m2 houses including residential houses and other building structures.

Many section of the road will be built through or near villages. The construction and operations of the road will bring increased noise and safety hazard. Particular in the green field area, villagers may not be used to motor vehicle traffic and may be lack of safety and self protection awareness. Safety can be a major and long term impact to the villages particularly to children and the elderly. Education programs will be launched in the local villages for traffic safety. Eye catching warring signs will be erected before the road enters into a residential area. In village and other road sections where there are concentrated residential living and schools, speed bumpers will be constructed on the road to ensure no speeding and to enhance driving safety. The road design will also include other community need such as sidewalks, lanes for bicycle or other non motorized vehicles commonly used in the rural areas as well as safety and convenience features.

33 Another potential impact during the project road operation would be traffic safety concerns during project operation. Particularly in the new road sections where local residents and school children may not used to the presence of traffic at their neighborhoods and may have low awareness on traffic safety. Safety warming signs and education programs in the local communities will be introduced to mitigate the impacts. The speed bumps will also be installed in the sections which pass through schools and middle of villages.

5.4.11 Noise

The environment would be exposed to traffic noise once the new road section will be completed and in operation. The existing road section would also be subject to incremental increase in traffic noise as the tariff volume and speeds will increase following the road completion and quality improvement. The noise impacts would be particularly of concerns in sensitive receptors such as residential housing and schools. Mitigation measures will be taken during project operation phase, including noise windows in the mostly affected residences and schools.

5.5 Analysis of Alternatives

Two alternative alignments have been proposed by the project engineering team, which have been evaluated and compared from environmental as well as the engineering aspects. These alternatives are: * Alternative I, the section from start point to K14+473, K27+301 to end point K29+740, will be reconstructed to the Class II road in hilly area, and the other sections (from K14+473-K27+301, abut 12.83 km) will be improved on road surface. * Alternative II: the road in whole length will be upgraded to Class II road, the total investment is 271 million RMB.

The two alternatives are compared in the following table.

Comparing the two alternatives, the first alternative would avoid a tunnel and thus large amount of spoiled soil disposal. It also goes to areas with less number of environmentally sensitive receptors and thus less impacts to the environment and ecosystem. Although from the engineering aspects, it is partially Grade II and partially lower grade, it meets the current transportation needs given the current and forecasted traffic flow along this road corridor and by delayed the improvement the project would save substantial capital investment. With all factors considered, alternative I is the better option and has therefore been selected for the project.

Though there will be a substantial portion of new road construction, this subproject is still improvement of existing road. During project planning, possibilities of utilizing the existing road and construct on green field were both considered. Each has the advantages and disadvantages in terms of environmental, social as well as engineering considerations.

34 Table 5.2 Alternative Comparison in Environmental impact Item Alternative I Alternative II Length (km) 30.28 25.66 Technical standard 16.66 km: reconstructed Grade II to Grade II, 12.83 km: repaved Length (km) Jing County-Gantang 78 73 Taohuatan- Gantang 32 27 Rehabilitation for transport in Good Good Taohuatan, Xinfeng and Longmen Improved accessibility to road network Good Good Improved relation between sceneries Good Good Bridge (m/set) 1212/9 1411/14 Tunnel (m/set) 1115/1 89Large structure Taiping Lake Bridge: Taiping Lake Bridge: 442 m; 442 m Longmen Tunnel, 1115 m Environmental sensibility Ordinary High Disruption to area ecosystem Small Great Investment (104 RMB) 20628.1190 27085.3064

In the first 3.1 km of the proposed road section, KO+000 to K3+100, and 3.2 km at K16+400 to K19+600, there are existing roads of basically gravel pavement and 6-7 m wide. Along the existing road there are residential houses. Improvement of the road on the existing pavement would result in increased noise, air emission and traffic safety concerns. But the area is along Qingyijiang River with valuable cultivated and highly productive land. Avoiding the existing road would mean to occupy agriculture land, affecting farming and agricultural ecological system. In addition, exiting road improvement would bring other benefits for the residents living near road: increased property value, income opportunities, and future developments. And yet, there is engineering considerations for smooth alignment, good configuration, and minimum engineering costs.

With all these considerations, for the first section of the road, most part will be along the existing road with some exceptions which to be constructed on green field. For example, section K2+860 to K3+410 go through the middle of Lianhong village. The road at this section will be detoured to the left avoiding going through the village which would have substantial disturbance to village life.

35 6. Environmental Management Plan

In order to avoid, minimize or mitigate the potential adverse impacts on the environment by the project, this Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared for implementation during the project preparation, construction and operation for the road rehabilitation, improvement and new construction subprojects. As such this EMP outlines the responsible institutions for environmental management institutions, impact mitigation measures, environmental supervision, environmental monitoring plan, institutional strengthening and training, estimated budget and implementation schedule.

6.1 Environmental Management Institutions and Responsibilities

The institutional arrangement and responsibilities for the environmental management are summarized in table below:

Table 6.1 Institutions and Responsibilities for EMP Institution Responsibility Remark AnuPr The top transport Anhim Poincaia Overall responsibility for environmental administration Commuication protection for all road projects in Anhui department in the Department province Environmental Office Preparation of the EMP for road projects; of Anhui Provincial Coordination between the project owner and the Has been set with 3 Communication government; Guidance on the implementation professionals Department of EMP World bank Project Has 2 full-time Management Office ... . environmental of Anhui Provincial Responsiblity for environmental management professionals Communication i design and construction phase Departmetn Anhui Provincial The top road Highway Responsibility for environmental management administration Administrative in operation phase department in the Bureau province Road Environmental Responsibility for environmental monitoring in Has been established Monitoring Institute construction and operation phase

6.2 Mitigation Measures

Various measures have been designed and will be implemented during the project construction and operation, to minimize the impacts to acceptable levels. The mitigation measures have been developed against the potential adverse impacts identified during the impact assessment. The mitigation measures are targeted to bring the potential impacts under the regulated standards where applicable and the impacts to the natural and socioeconomic environments to acceptable levels.

These measures are summarized in Table 6.2.

36 Table 6.2 Summary of Impact Miti2ation Issues Mitigation Measures IA TApplicability A.Design phase * The alignment is selected in terms of environmental, socio-economic and engineering issues; * The recommended option has been Design Alignment accepted by the Anhui Transport Bureau institute, and S322 and local government; EA team * Construction on the existing road will minimize the demand for land acquisition and resettlement. * The road will be carefully aligned to the maximal extent on the existing roads, thereby minimizing the damage to the environment; * The road is aligned in such away that the good farmland and forest will be avoided; Design Conservation of * The temporary land to be occupied will institute, and S322 Eco-resources selected on the land planed for EA team construction of existing facilities, and the secondary broad-leave forest will be avoided; * On the edge of forest intensified noise barriers will be constructed; * The drainage design for animal crossing in harmoniousness with natural setting. * Noise barrier windows; Design Traffic noise * Planting; institute, and S322 * Proper planning EA team * The domestic wastewater from toll stations will be collected into septic tanks; * The road edge ditches will not connected with irrigation canals; * Drainage will be designed to the natural setting. * S105 Qingxi bridge (K8+600), the Design Road . bridge over the water diversion canal in Destig Rad Water pollution Sumashan Mountain (K65+200), S205 nstitute, and improvement Fenglehe Bridge (K37+787), G205 EA team and S322 Xinanjiang Bridge (K0+500), Machuanhe Bridge (K37+100) will be provided with deck drains and the anti-crack measures will be intensified; * The water intake 50 m downstream of Shibahe Bridge (S105) will be relocated to 200 m upstream of the bridge. * The mixing stations will be located 200 Design All Air pollution m leeward of the nearest residences. institute, and subprojects EA team * The location of passageways will be Design All Traffic blocking carefully selected and designed to ensure institute, and subprojects the communication of local people EA team Tunnel * mountain cutting will be minimized in Design S322

37 Environmental Mitigation Measures IA Applicability Issues______(G205Tanjiaqiao- the Quelinmg Tunnel ( K28+230 - institute, and Caijiaqiao) K29+520 ) and Xiling Tunnel EA team (K31+340-K31+650); * The entrance and exit of tunnels will be well planted; * The entrance and exit of tunnels will be designed to the natural settings * Slopes on either side of the road can be varied to match the site's natural topography; * Vegetation will be used to harmonize Aesthetics and with or improve the landscape; Design All l * The high fills will be moderately sloped institute, and landscape to fit the natural surroundings and well EA team subprojects planted; * Whereas possible, particularly the retaining walls, vine plants will be planted to cover the wall. * The shape and style of bridges should be Design All Bridge designed to match the natural setting. institute, and subprojects EA team * The toll station will be carefully layouted Design All Toll station and the style, color will be designed to institute, and subprojects match the local culture. EA team * S105 Qingxi bridge (K8+600), the bridge over the water diversion canal in Sumashan Mountain (K65+200), S205 Fenglehe Bridge (K37+787), G205 Xinanjiang Bridge (KO+500), D Traffic accident Machuanhe Bridge (K37+100) will be Dstitute, and All risks provided with deck drains and the EA team subprojects anti-crack measures will be intensified; * Emergency pone lines will be provided on the bridges; * Check points will be set up for dangerous materials on bridge * The road will be carefully aligned to Design Cultural relics avoid the cultural sites and warning signs institute, and S322 will be set up near the sites. cultural bureau * The peripheral ditch will be constructed at the sites for soil borrow; * The deposit site will be provided with retaining wall and surface runoff ditch Design All Soil erosion * Temporary ditch or retaining wall will be institute, and subprojects constructed at the sites to be filled; EA team * On the geological unstable sites to be excavated, retaining wall, concrete piles or slope cutting will be used; * Sufficient measures will be taken in the construction camps, i.e. provision of garbage tanks and sanitation facilities. Construction Waste in septic tanks will be cleared Design All camp periodically; institute, and subprojects * Drinking water quality will meet national EA team standard; * Garbage will be collected in tank and 38 Environmental Mitigation Measures IA Applicability Issues disposed of periodically; * Special attention should be paid to the sanitary condition of camps. B. Construction phase * Training workers on the knowledge of flora and fauna protection; * Minimizing damage to environment; * Dumping waste into designated sites; * Providing settling tank to prevent surface runoff; * Reclaiming the temporary occupied land; * Covering the site in raining days; Conservation of Conserving the top soil for reuse; All Eco-resources * Scheduling construction work to fit the Contractor subprojects weather condition; * Maintaining good drain system * Top soil should be collected separate from sub-soils for reuse in the land reclamation; * Immediately after the pit is completed, the pit should be leveled and top soil be returned for vegetative establishment; * The original land use should be restored * In construction sites within 150 m where Contractor there are residences, noisy construction should be stopped from 22:00 to 6:00; * Maintenance of machinery and vehicles Noise should be enhanced to keep their noise at All a minimum; subprojects * Temporary noise barriers, whereas necessary, should be installed at the site boundary in urban area or densely populated area; * In slopes and other suitable places along Contractor the roadside, trees and grass should be planted; * On sections with high fillings and deep cutting, their slopes should be covered by stone walls and planted with grass, Soil Erosion/ etc. If existing irrigation and drainage All Irrigation System system ponds are damaged, they should subprojects be rebuilt or recovered by suitable means; * In sections along the river, earth and stone will be properly disposed of so as not to block rivers, resulting in adverse impact on water quality * Wastewater and solid waste should be Contractor carefully managed so as not to enter rivers, causing water pollution; Surface Water * Chemicals such as asphalt and oil, All Pollution should be kept far away from rivers, subprojects irrigation canal and other water bodies; * Leakage from machinery should be avoided by proper maintenance; * Education on water pollution prevention

39 Environmental Mitigation Measures IA Applicability Issues ______should be provided to workers. * Water should be sprayed during Contractor construction phase, in the line and earth mixing sites, asphalt mixing site, and temporary roads; * Vehicles delivering materials should be Air Pollution covered to reduce spills; All * Residence should be 500 m from subprojects leeward wind direction of asphalt mixing sites; * Mixing equipment should be well sealed, and vibrating equipment should be equipped with dust-remove device. * The temporary access roads should be Contractor carefully located to avoid farmland, forest and crops; Temporary * Safety warning signs should be installed; S322 Access Roads * After the work is completed, the temporary road should be reclaimed for beneficial uses. * In the construction phase, the Anhui professionals from provincial cultural Provincial department will assist the contractor in Archeological ultura Ithe protection of cultural properties. If Institute/Contr Cultira valuable or invaluable relics are actor S322 ope discovered, the local related departments should be notified immediately. The excavation should be stopped until authorized department identifies relics. * The power and other necessary supply Contractor should be separate from the public lines; * The route of transporting material should be carefully planned so as not to cause impact on local traffic; * Where the road is to be reconstructed, Public half of the road surface should be closed All disturbance so as not to cause traffic jam; subprojects * A bulletin will be set up at each bidding section to indicate the phone for contractor, supervision agency and local EPB, so as to contact these agencies by local affected people in the case of public disturbance * Disease prevention knowledge, Contractor particularly on HIV, should be delivered to workers; * Adequate protective gear should be Health and provided to workers; All * Seminar on safety issues should be All Safety provided to local public; subprojects * Where the potential dangers are present, warning signed should be installed; * Explosive and blasting operation should be well managed. Pine worm * In order to prevent the pine worm, the Prevention tibers from outside should be banned;

40 Environmental Mitigation Measures IA Applicability Issues * Prior to use at site, all timbers should be examined at local quarantine stations * Sufficient measures will be taken in the Contractor construction camps, i.e. provision of garbage tanks and sanitation facilities. Waste in septic tanks will be cleared Construction periodically; Al Camp * Drinking water quality will meet national subprojects standard; * Garbage will be collected in tank and disposed of periodically; * Special attention should be paid to the sanitary condition of camps. * The access road should be well paved to minimize the generation of air-borne Access road dust; S322 * After the work is completed, the access road will be reserved for passage of agricultural vehicles World Bank * Training on environmental protection Project Office Management of should be provided to the contractor and of Anhui All Contractor local supervisory people; Provincial subprojects o The EMP should be included as terms Communicatio and conditions in the bidding document. n Bureau/ EA team C Operation phase * In the long run, the government should define a red line 60 m from the central line of the road within which such sensitive receptors as school, hospital and rest home should be prohibited; * Warning signs on road for horning bans Local road Noise and air and speed control bureau, local All pollution * Respond to monitoring results which govemment subprojects show higher noise than projected by Project EA * Regular maintenance on road to keep good road surface condition * The truck with over-emission should be forbidden from the road. * Emergency group be established; * "three licenses" system should be enforced to the trucks transporting dangerous material; Local road Dangerous * Trucks transporting dangerous material bureau, local All material accident should be marked; government subprojects * Special lane and parking lots should be designated for the trucks transporting dangerous material. * Cooperation with Wannan Wildlife Localroad Conservation of Rescue Center should be conducted to bureau, local S322 eco-resources enhance the capacity of management of govemment eco-environment. * The drainage system should be cleared Localroad All Drainage regularly bureau, local subprojects

41 Environmental Mitigation Measures IA Applicability Issu es ______government * Sensitive receptors, such as rest home, school and hospitals should be prohibited Local All Planning control from a certain distance from the road government subprojects central line D Environmental monitoring Environmental * The monitoring of air, water and noise 1nirongAll should follow the national standard monitoring subprojects center _ _

The above mitigation measures will be provided to relevant implementing agencies. Where needed, training will be provided to ensure the mitigation measures are well understood and can be implemented as intended. Those which will be implemented by contractors will be included in the project bid document and as a contractual requirement during the project construction.

6.3 Environmental Supervision Organizations

The environmental performance of the project implementation will be supervised to ensure mitigation measures and other programs of this EMP be executed and adverse impacts minimized. The organizations responsible for environmental supervision are listed in Table 6.3 and supervision plan, Table 6.4.

Table 6.3 Responsibilities of Environmental Regula tory Institutions Institutions Responsibilities Remarks Supervising environmental performance in The top regulatory agency construction; organize and coordinate the in environmental protection related agencies for environmental works; in Anhui Province review and approve EIA and TOR; Anhui Provincial Supervise the implementation of EMP; Environmental inspect and accept the environmental Protection Bureau facilities associated with construction works; confirm the standards and regulations; guide the municipal/county EPBs in the environmental management in construction and operation phases. Under the guidance of Anhui EPB, to Municipal and county supervise the implementation of EMP; EPBs in Chaohu, Chuzhou, Municipal/County enforce the standards and regulations; Huangshan, Xuancheng Environmental inspect and accept the the environmental County Hexian, Hanshan, Evrot n ena facilities associated with construction Huangshan, Huuizhou, works within its jurisdiction. The agencies in charge for environmental protection in their respective iurisdiction Engaged by APCD and PMO, the Environmental supervision supervision companies will position full may be part of the Environmental time environmental professionals at the construction supervision. supervision construction sites to supervise on a daily companies basis of all construction activities to ensure EMP implementation and impact minimization.

In summary, Anhui Provincial Communication Department or APCD, the highest authority in all aspects of the highway and road construction, operation and management and the recipient of the World Bank loan to this project, will be ultimately responsible for the environmental

42 and community well being in the project areas during the project construction and operation and for the compliance relevant regulations, policies, and standards of the governments as well as those of the World Bank. The Project Management Office, or the PMO, is the executive arm of APCD and will take the day to day responsibilities for environmental management, amongst its other duties for project implementation.

Table 6.4 Environmental Super ision Plan Phase Responsible Scope Objective institutions * Determine the feasibility of project;

Feasibility * World Bank * Review the EA * Ensure the coverage of EIA; study Anhui. EPB documents *Ensure the key and potential impacts be covered in EA; * Ensure the effectiveness and feasibility of EMP * Review the . e R * Ensure the environmental environmental protection facilitates be considered in the design and environmental design, construction and management plan; operation and the EMP; * Review the funding plan oEnsure the fund for * Review the monitoring report for air, noise and environmental protection; water quality, investigate *Ensure the environmental the disposal of solid facilities and measures in waste, reclamation of consistency with the laws and * World Bank borrow pits and stockpile regulations; * Anhui EPB sites; * Enhance pest management, Design and * City EPBs * Review the pest plan in protect wild life and forest; construction forest; * Ensure the policies on * Review the resettlement and land implementation of EMP; acquisition to be implemented; * Inspect the environmental * Prevent soil erosion; facilities * Ensure the construction of fInspect the disease environmental facilities meet measures; * Protect thes * Inspect the safety of blast Poethesafety and health of operation. local people and workers * Anhui * Inspect the cultural relics Cultural Is * Protect cultural resource Bureau discovery and protection * Inspect implementation of environmental.Ensure facilities EMP and measures in consistency * Inspect implementation of wit teasare gulatins: * Anhui EPB monitoring plan; iEnhance pest management, Operation C * Inspect disposal of solid * City EPB waste and wastewater protect wild life and forest; * Protect safety and health of local people and workers sensitivetenst,veythe receptors * Inspect motor vehicles

6.4 Environmental Monitoring Plan

Environmental monitoring plan is to verify the results of the Project EIA with regard to potential environmental impacts of the project, determine the actual impact levels, verify the effectiveness and adequacy of environmental mitigation measures, identify and assess the 43 extent of any expected adverse impacts, and provide a basis for additional mitigation measures to address the expected impacts or impacts exceeded the original predicted levels by the Project EA. The environmental monitoring is also to comply with the relevant regulatory requirements The monitoring will be conducted by the county environmental monitoring stations.

Objectives

Environmental monitoring plan is an important integral part of EMP. The specific objectives to conduct environment monitoring are to:

* Check the impact project in the EA; * Verify the effectiveness of mitigation measures; * Identify any impacts not found by the EA or needs for further actions for impact minimization * Justify the additional mitigation measures against unexpected impact.

Implementing organization

The qualified monitoring institutes will be engaged for implementing the environmental monitoring plan. The institute should prepare the monitoring report on regular basis for review by the local EPB. For any issues found in the report, the local regulatory agencies will take actions.

In the design and construction phase, the supervision agency for the monitoring plan is the Anhui Provincial Road Administrative Bureau, World Bank Project Management Office of Anhui Provincial Communication Bureau, and in operation phase is Anhui Provincial Road Administrative Bureau.

Environmental Monitoring Plan

The detailed monitoring plan is developed based on regulatory requirements, SEPA's technical guidelines for EA, and the needs to ensure impact minimization. The monitoring plan would also play a role to pressure the contractors for good practices in environmental protection.

In addition to the formal monitoring by specialists from the professional monitoring institution which may be used as a legal records of environmental performance at the construction sites for compliance purposes, routine monitoring by contractors and construction supervision companies will be conducted on a daily basis. The monitoring parameters and methods will include noise, airbome dust and water quality.

Dedicated staff from every civil work contractors and every construction supervision companies will be trained prior to the commencement of the construction to conduct the monitoring and reporting. PMO and its consultants will review the monthly reports and will visit the sites to inspect the daily monitoring work. All the monitoring and reporting requirements will be included in the contractors and construction supervision companies bid documents and later in their contracts so that the requirements will be part of contractual obligations.

The results of the monitoring program will be included in formal written reports once a year 44 in and submitted for review by the provincial PMO (or provincial road administration bureau the operation phase) and its consultants, provincial EPB and the World Bank. These reports will be the basis for evaluation of site environmental performance and for developing additional mitigation measures for impacts exceeded applicable standards.

The monitoring plan has been developed in accordance with SEPA's EIA technical guidelines. It is based on the need for report to the regulatory agencies, to the project owners so that they to will have an understanding of the environmental performance of the contractors and provide a basis for further actions as needed for any unexpected impacts and/or for ineffective mitigation measures.

The environmental monitoring program is presented in Table 6.5 and Table 6.6.

45 Table 6.4 Environmental Monitoring Plan for Road Improv ment Subprojects Implementing Responsible Environmental Parameters Timing Apeenct Agency Section Issue Phase Location of Monitoring 100 m upstream, and OD1cr, SS, One time each oil quartie Water Construction Chihe River (K68+200) 1000pm downstream of bridge ______At random Anhui Provincial Unpaved roads, mixing stations Construction TSP Ra Ambient Air Construction site ______nvironmental S311 Fwo times for Monitoring Administrative Chuzhou- I m before the ach phase as Center Bureau Dlngyuan C Daliu (K50+200). Daishan (K60+600) Chihe river oad base, road Constructn (K67+400) Sangjian (K81+400) roadside house LAeq Acoustic uxiliary facilities Environment Daliu (K50+200). Daishan (K60+600) Chihe river I m before the One time/ year Operation K67+400) Sangjian (K81+400) Guangwei Primary School roadside house LAeq of Zhulong Town (K45+300) I Construction TSP At random Ambient Air Construction Unpaved roads, mixing stations site Two times for hui Provincial Im before the each phase as Environmental Road S311 LAeq road base, road Monitoring Anistrove Construction roadside he Chuzhou- surface and Center Adminstrative Danzi Middle School (K3+300) Wuyi Middle School roadside house Wuyi Acoustic Luxiliary facilities Bureau Environment (Kl 1+800) Kehu Village (K7+750) Sihou (KI 9+200) . I m before the One tme! year Operation roadside house LAeq tAl nhui Provincial Shiba River (K52+800) Water Diversion Canal of 100 m upstream -ODcr, SS, ntieuarEvrom ConstrWatern at O r.S.One time/quarter Environmental Road CosrcinSm)agRvr(6+0)f thebridge, waterructionoCer intakeand oil AdmiMtstratgve Chaohu-S105h Water Simajiang River (K65+200) Construction TSP At random Center Bureau Wujiang Ambient Air Construction Unpaved roads, mixing stations

46 Parameters Timing AImentn ARence Section Environmental Phase Location of Monitoring Two times for Construction 3antang Town (KO+000) Tangbianshan Primary School phase as K3+100) Cingxi Rest Home (K5+000) Xinxing Primary each base, road 3chool (K10+200) Hanshan Teacher Training School I m before the LAeq road house surface and Acoustic K 13+200) Huayuan Community (K21 +80),County roadside Middle Eecondary training School (K21+000) Baoshan _uxilary faclities Environment ichool (K25+700) ,Qimen Station (K29+200) Nanbei whaolin School (K33+500) Shengjiakou (K30+100) Puji I m before the LAeq One time/ year Operation ~ommunity (K50+700) Puchenji (K57+100) Bianchen roadside house ichool (K57+100) Wujiang Middle School (K63+300) 100_m 100 m upstream, and -Oc.S m ODcr, One time/quarter Water Construction Machuan River (K37+100) 1000 downstream of _ bridge TSP At random Environmental Anhui Provincial Air Construction Unpaved roads, mixing stations Construction G205 Ambient Two times for Montorig Administrative Caijiaqiao- Construction Town I m before the each phase as Center Bureau tanjiaqiao Caijiaqiao (KO+000) Sun Village (K6+700) Baidi house LAeq surface and Acoustic (KI 6+200) Baidi Town Middle School (K 17+700) roadside uxiliarr facilities Environment Miaoshou Town (KI 2+200) Huangshan Tea Tree Plantation (K33+000) 1 m before the LAeq One time/ year

Construction 100 m upstream, and 'ODcr, SS netmeqare 1000 m Oil One time/quarter Water Fengle River (K37+787) downstream of ol bridge ______Construction Anhui ProvincialRoad G205 Construction stations site TSP At random Environmental g205 Ambient Air Unpaved roads, mixing stMoirngRoad Tangkou- Two times for Center Administrative Qiankou Construction I m before the each phase as Bureau house LAeq road base, road Acoustic haixi (KOO+400). Fang Village (K2+500). Sanhecunyang roadside surface and Environment Village (KI3+200). Qiashe (K24+500). Huangguangpu Primary School (K 12+090) uxiliary facilities I m before the One time for day Operation and night each Operation roadside house LAeq

47 Parameters Timing Implementing Responsible Section Environmental Phase Location of Monitoring Aeency Aiencv Issue Construction 100 m upstream, and 2ODcr, SS etiequre 1000sm One time/quarter Water Xinan River (KO + 500) downstream of oil bridge

Construction TSP At random Environmental Anhui Provincial Ambient Air Construction Unpaved roads, mixing stations Tunxi- Two times for Center Administrative Provincial Construction I eoeteeach phase as CetrBureau Border roadside house LAeq road base, road Acoustic Linxi Town(K3+300). No. 532 Hospital of PLA Village (K10+100). Huangyuan surface and Environment (K1+100). Chakou facilities (K23+500), Longtian Village (K43+600) 1 uxiliary I m before the LAq One time for day Operation LAeq and night each Operation roadside house

S322 See Tables 5.9 to 5. 11 Taohuatan- Gantang

Subproject Table 6.6 Construction Phase Environmental Monit ring Plan for New Road Time Implemented by Supervised by Location Item Frequency Duration One imenvionmetal Anhui Provincial 3 days One time Environmental Communication Access road, mixing station TSP At random ,each day monitorig center Bureau

each Day and Environmental Anhui Provincial Wan Village (KO+500) Longmen Primary School Two times for base, 2 days night monitoring center Communication (KI 5+480) Longmen Middle School (KI 5+920) LAeq stage of road each Bureau Zaodali Primary School( KI 8+890) road surface Anhui Provincial CODcr Two times,2 days each One time Environmental day Communication Taiping Lake Bridge SS, ' I one day monitormng center BureauBra Oil Oltime

48 6.5 Institutional Strengthening and Training

To ensure the environmental perfonnance of the Project, the EMP includes programs for institutional building and strengthening and personnel development. Besides an organizational structure involving various management and supervision organizations for environmental decision making, monitoring, supervision, reporting and further mitigation planning and implementation, the EMP includes programs for personnel training. The programs involve training for professional, managerial and technical personnel from the government agencies (primarily county level EPBs and transportation bureaus), project proponents and operation units, environmental institutions and contractors and construction supervisions, to enhance their awareness with the applicable regulations.

The environmental training for contractors and construction supervisions will be held prior to the commencement of construction. The objective is to ensure that each contractor and construction supervision unit will have staff on site full time for environmental monitoring on a daily basis. The training will cover the basic knowledge of environmental protection and pollution control, the result of EIA and requirements of EMP, methodology of site environmental management and monitoring, and reporting requirements. The training for the Construction Committee, the PMO, the road maintenance companies, and environmental institutions will cover environmental management, regulatory framework, applicable environmental standards and their implications to the Project, mitigation planning, environmental decision making and pollution control technologies.

6.6 Estimated Budget and Implementation Schedule

Estimated Budget

The estimated costs for impact mitigation and environmental management as shown above will be included in the project budget where appropriate to ensure their implementation as designed.

Table 6.8 Cost Estimate for Environmental Management Unit: 104 RMB Conservation Noise Water Ambient Cultural Environ Environ. Training pollution air relics monitoring Supervision

31.0 S311Chuzhou 685.2 191.8 21.6 60 20 230 15 - Dingyuan I_I S311Chuzhou 266 108 23 40 20 85 15 - Wuvi______S105 821.8 239.5 78 110 20 170 15 Chaohu- Wujiang G205 148.5 183 8.8 40 20 145 15 Tanjiaqiao- Caijiagiao G 205 345.3 67.8 14.7 60 20 130 15 Tangkou- Qiankou G205Tunxi- 98.8 60 5.5 40 20 145 15 Sheneiie 31 Sub-total 2365.6 850.1 151.6 350 120 905 90 Total 4863.3

Note the RMB20,000 for cultural relics budgeted in the above table is reserved funds for any

49 cultural relics impact mitigation needs. Although there is no known cultural relics within the project directly impacted areas, chance finds of mostly archeological nature during road base excavation, material borrow operation, and other construction activities may be encountered. The reserved funds are to be used in such situations for necessary protective and recovery actions to control any impacts to these chance finds to the minimum.

Table 6.9 Cost Estimate for Environmental Measures COst Remark Issues Measure Quantity ty(10 RMB) At the Wancun Ancient Residence, K0+500, 3 KI+000, Taiping Lake Noise Whistle ban signs 6 K12+400, K12-t950, Longmen Village K15+200, K16+200 Temporary septic 6 12 Each per 5 km, 20 Constructi tank thousand RMB each on phase Settling tank and 10 10 For 5 bridges Surface retaining wall water Accident control 1038 m 311.4 At 1500 RMB/m Taiping for 5 bridges each side Lake Warning signs, 10 set, each set 10 bridge hot line 10 10 thousand RMB Guardrail One on Ambient Water sprayer each - Provided by Contractor air bidding section Collection ditch On roads drin. tin.. ' to be 83 At 50 thousand drai, retaiig reconstru RMB/km walls cted Temporary Soil facilities on 156.1 mu 53.8 2000 RMB per mu conservation borrow pit and reclamation On roads to be Eco Covers for rain reconstru 1.5 500 RMB/km system season cted impact 16.91 Sections on Taiping Lake, 16.91 km Greenng Taohuatan and upgrade 83.3 50 thousand RMB/km works Longmen road publicly owned woods

Signs on wildlife K6- K22 5 One set per 5 km. Each

Cultural Contingency for construction - 50 Analogue cost site phase for 2 Environ Construction mental Implementation of EMP - 50 years, and operation for manage 15 years

50 Issues Measure Quantity Cost Remark ment Environmental supervision for Included in the construction phase construction supervision Environ mental Implementation of monitoring 2 years 10 50,000 RMB/year monitori plan for construction phase ngn Acceptan Inspection and acceptance for ce environmental facilities Misc. Contingency 100 Total 8.133 million

EMP Implementation Schedule

The EMP will be implemented in the schedule as follows:

Table6.10 Implementation Schedule for EMP Item 2007 2008 2009 2010 1 2 3-4 1213 4123 4 1 234 Land acquisition and ------relocation Wall raising

Greemngi - = . Noise absorption road surface =- - = = Noise insulation window - - - -=- - = - = - - Training

51 7. Public Consultation

The EA team has carried out two rounds for each of the rehabilitation, iimprovement and new construction subprojects, respectively, to understand public opinions about the proposed project. The consultation focused on the affected people and organizations, including schools, hospitals, residential centers, village committees, township governments and county government agencies.

* First round: The first round was conducted during the site survey, in September 2006. During the development of the EA, opinions and concerns have been solicited by the EA team from local people and organizations including NGOs through opinion surveys, village meetings and interviews with potentially affected organizations. * Second round: The second round was conducted after the completion of the draft EIA report, mostly in October to November 2006. The EA team disclosed the main conclusions and proposed mitigation measures and residue impacts to the public during this round of consultation,

Besides, hot lines have been set up during the project development to enhance the communication between the affected people and the EA team. All the concerns and suggestions obtained through the hot line have been recorded for consideration in the preparation of EIA report.

According to the OP 4.01 requirements, relevant project information have been disclosed to the public in different stages of the EA process, for all three categories of subprojects. The main disclosure methods were public notices, internet posting and report releases in public venues.

7.1 Road Rehabilitation Subprojects

The public consultation program for the road rehabilitation subprojects is summarized in Table 7.1 and public concerns and responses, Table 7.2.

Table 7.1 Public Consultation for Road Rehabilitation Su projects Time Targets Form Locations

September 1-20 2006 Villagers, school Village meetings, Villages, schools teachers interviews and field survey along the road November 2006 Villagers, school Village meetings, opinion Village and village teachers surveys and township governments

Table 7.2 Public Concerns and Responses from Road Rehabilitation Subprojects. Public concerns received Responses Construction safety and disturbance Good construction plan and safety measures; training to to villages contractors Protect irrigation canals during construction. Strictly Damage to irrigation facilities prohibit disposal of spoiled soil and solid waste into the canals, repair the damage canals Impact to school Safety measures to kids, construction schedule to avoid class time if possible, other noise control measures Traffic noise during operation Landscaping, noise windows and quality asphalt payment.

52 For information disclosure of this category of subprojects, APCD has made the arrangement to placing draft EIA reports in local governments along the roads. In addition, public notices are placed in all townships providing brief project information and venues of the draft EIA reports. The entire reports have also been disclosed in the internet at http://www.ahglj.com, which is the provincial highway information website. APCD plans to use similar methods to disclose the final EIA once they are completed and approved by the provincial EPB. Information disclosure is summarized in Table 7.3.

Table 7.3 Information Disclosure for Road Rehabilitation Subproiects Time Location Method Disclosed information September Main villages and towns along Publ t Brief project contents and 1-10 2006 the road uC noce description b AFirst public notice; project September Anhui Highway Information Internet notice description; and project 20, 2006 Website www.ahglj.com.cn alignment map October 30 Anhui Highway Website Internet notice Second public notice and Draft 2006 www.ahglj.com.cn EIA (Summary) February 1, County public libraries, Release of 2007 highway bureau offices, reports Draft EIA reports township offices along the road Early May County public libraries, 2007 highway bureau offices, Release of Final EIA reports (expected) township offices along the road report

7.2 Road Improvement Subprojects

The key information on the public consultation for road improvement subprojects is summarized in Table 7.4 and the concerns from and responses to the public, Table 7.5

Table 7.4 Summary of Publi Consultation for Road Improvement Su proiects Component Time Participants Means Locations S311 Chuzhou- Farmers, Public meeting, Villages, local Dingyuan 2006.9-10 officials, and interview, small government teachers group discussion and school Farmers, Public meeting, Villages, local S311 Chuzhou- 2006.9-10 officials, and interview, small government Y teachers group discussion and school S105 Chaohu- Farmers, Public meeting, Villages, local Wujiang 2006.9-10 officials, and interview, small government teachers group discussion and school ... . Farmers, Public meeting, Villages, local G205 Caijiaqiao- 2006.9-10 officials, and interview, small government teachers group discussion and school Farmers, Public meeting, Villages, local G205 Tangkou- 2006.9-10 officials, and interview, small government Qiankou teachers group discussion and school G205 T Farmers, Public meeting, Villages, local Poni Tunxd- 2006.9-10 officials, and interview, small government teachers group discussion and school

53 Table 7.5 Summary of Public Concerns and Res onse Road Improvement Components Primary Public Concerns Response Reasonable compensation for land and Land occupation, resettlement, safety of people relocated; provision of job construction, noise impact opportunities for people lost land; new houses for people lost house Safety of construction, and disruption in Careful management of construction construction Attention will be paid to the protection of g to irrigation canals; wastes are prohibited from dumping into the canals, so as to ensure the flow of water Safety of construction will be given high Impact on school and students priority and temporary noise barriers will be provided near schools if needed; training to the students on safety The passages will be justified to fit into the Community severance local requirements and condition, so as to ensure the daily outing, communication and work of the local people When cultural relics are discovered, the Protection of cultural relics local cultural entities should be immediately noticed. The affected water intakes will be relocated t o to the upstream of bridge sites, the surface runoff on bridge deck will be collected by drains, emergency plan will be developed Measures, such as greening barrier, noise Noise in operation phase insulation window or noise absorption materials will be used

During the first round of public consultation, booklets were distributed among the residents along the project road to introduce the project components, necessity and alignment, as well as the potential environmental impacts associated with the project. The Provincial Communication Bureau (PCB) has also placed the draft EIA report in selected townships and counties of the project areas. In addition, public bulletins have been distributed along the project roads to promulgate the brief information and the project and the location to review the draft EIA report. The draft EIA report and other relevant information have also been disclosed through PCB website at http://www.ahglj.com. The Provincial Communication Bureau will continue to disclose the information as the reports are revised and finalized.

54 Table 7.6 Information Disclosure Time Location Means Description Key towns and villages Notice on the town and The first round of information 2006-9-1-10 alg te rd v s disclosure, including the brief introduction of project The first round of information 2006-9-10 Interet website disclosure, including the brief http://www.ahglj.com introduction of project, and alignment of road website The second round of 2006-10-30 Internet http://www.ahglj.com information disclosure, draft http:/wwwahgl.comEIA report County libraries, February township government Report release Draft EIA report 2007 offices and selected local schools Early May County public libraries, 2007 highway bureau Release of report Final EIA reports (pted) offices, township (expected) offices along the road

7.3 New Construction Subproject

The public consultation program for the new road construction subproject is summarized in Table 7.7 and the concerns from and responses to the public, Table 7.8.

Table 7.7 Summary of Public Consultation Content EA team Objects Time Location WB Policy During Shanghai 2 village Sep. 1-10, Village committee OP4.01 development of Ship committe 2006 office, schools TOR, group Research es and 3 discussion and Institute schools personal interview After draft EIA Shanghai 2 villages, Oct. 20-30, Village committee OP4.01 report, public Ship 3 schools 2006 office, schools meeting, Research and 60 interview, group Institute people discussion and questionnaire

55 The responses to the primary concerns obtained during the consultation are given below:

Table 7.8 Primary issues and re ponse for S322 Taohuatan- Gantang Primary Public Concern Response The government document land acquisition and Land acquisition, resettlement resettlement should be strictly followed so as to ensure that the people will not be affected The construction should be scheduled to avoid Noise the nighttime and in operation phase greening measures will be provided As there will be a number of bridges and 67 Agricultural irrigation tunnels, the integrity of irrigation system will not be split To save cost and protect environment, this Design of the road section at Longmen Town section will be constructed at first and to ensure smooth flow of traffic later on.

For information disclosure of this component, bulletins have been distributed along the project during the first round of the consultation to promulgate the brief information on the project, the necessity and alignment and the potential impacts. In addition, to encourage the public consultation to the best extent, the EA team has put the draft EIA report on the libraries in Jin County and Huangshan District, the offices of road bureau, Taohuatan Town and Gantang Town for easy public access and public review. The disclosure program is summarized in Table 7.9.

Table 7.9 Information Disclosure for New Road Construction Subproject Time Location Means Description 2006 The first round of information September Key towns and villages Notice on the town and disclosure, including the brief I along the road villages introduction of project

2006 The first round of information Stb Internet on web site disclosure, including the brief 10 http://www.ahglj.com http://www.ahglj .com introduction of project , and alignment of road

2006 Internet on web site The second round of October 30 http://www.ahglj .com http://www.ahglj .com EIA report Libraries in Jin County February, and Huangshan 2007 District, townships and Report release Draft ElAreports selected local schools County public libraries, Early May highway bureau 2007 offices township Release of report Final EIA reports (expected) offices along the road

56 8. Environmental Management in Construction Phase

Given the nature of the project which is mostly improvement and rehabilitation along the existing roads, adverse impacts occur mostly during the construction phase while incremental impacts during the operation phase is limited, special mitigation and management plan has been developed for the construction phase. This chapter presents the impact mitigation and environmental management measures to be implemented during the project construction phase to minimize the adverse impacts.

Re-landscaping of occupied land

The land temporarily occupied by the project would be re-cultivated immediately after the construction. The mellow soil layer, about 30-40 cm thick, will be first collected and stored. When the construction activities at the site terminate, the soil will be returned to cover the temporarily for occupied land and then landscaped on the top. The deep borrow pits that cannot be restored cultivation for will be converted into fish ponds. In the hilly area, tall arbor trees will be retained the as much as possible in the land temporarily occupied. For area requiring complete disturbance, surface layer of soil will first be removed and stored, which will then be used for restoration, reclamation and landscaping after the construction.

Minimizing impact on wildlife

Forestland is the key section for ecological protection. The construction activities will be scientifically scheduled to minimize the construction period on forestland and the explosion operation also will be minimized in order to minimizing the disturbance to wild animals in the area. The contractor will be requested to cooperate with the forest agency to locate construction sites, camps and temporary access road. The construction camps will not be allowed to build in forestland and the construction of the camps will be controlled to minimize damage to soil and vegetation.

After determining the exact location of forestland to be occupied by the project, the contractor will be requested to invite the technical staff of local forestry station to identify and label the plants under the national protection lists. (see Annex 1). The labeled trees will be transplanted to the nursery of Shilishan Reserve or to a nearby unaffected place.

In order to protect forest ecosystem and reduce the forest edge effects, in the highway sections crossing forestland (K138 to Kl60, K173+500 to Shancha), a protection line/protection zone will be defined and drawn jointly by local forestry agency and contractors. At the early stage of construction, guarding wall or bank may be constructed to prevent vehicle and people from entering tin the protected zones.

The construction activities will be carefully scheduled to avoid the peak time of for wild animals activities. Explosion operation will be prohibited in the morning, dusk and night since such time frames are the peak active time for wild animals. From the end of autumn to the next early spring is the reproduction period for neofelis nebulosa. Explosion operation will not be allowed from November to the next March at the section from Shilishan to Shancha.

Borrowpit and disposal site

The borrow pit will be selected at in mountains, of waste or bare land. Quality farmland will not be used for borrow pits. In addition, the soil profile will be surveyed in order to determine the depth of the borrow pit. The surface clay layer will be retained at the borrow pit for the purposes of prevention of soil degradation and also for future opportunity of development. The waste materials will not be allowed to dump in any stream and lakes/reservoirs or at the

57 riverside/lakeside.

The slag stockpile will be selected at the valley plain where soil erosion potential is very low. Retaining dams will be constructed around such sites.

Screening

According to the Clause 11 of Method for Pine Nematode Management in Anhui Province, host plants of Pine Nematode are prohibited from entering into the area under stringent prevention and protection against pine nematode, such as the Huangshan District. In order to prevent pine nematode from entering into this area, it is recommended that the foreign pine timbers that are prone to pine nematode will be banned for use in the project. The materials for package will be clearly explained in contractors' bidding documents. Timber materials either for construction or package in this project will be those from the local market or foreign timber only after pre-treatment.

Education and training

The public and contractor education bill boards for environmental protection will be erected around all construction sites before ground breaking. Public meetings on environmental protection and bio-diversity will be provided to contractors and the local communities. The construction workers will be organized to study rules and standards for wildlife and plants protection, technology, and method for identification and protection of sensitive wildlife. Incentives will be provided to the workers who are active in environmental protection. At the same time, any damages to the ecosystems, such as wild animals killing and protective plant species cutting without proper procedures, will be punished.

Construction supervision

Full-time environmental staff from the construction supervision companies and the project proponent will be assigned as the ecological supervisors during the construction phase. The local environmental agency and forestry agency will carry out site inspection regularly, to examine the implementation of ecological protection measures and quarantine the pine benatode.

Noise

The following measures will be taken during construction to mitigate the noise impacts:

* The low-noise equipment is to be used for construction. The construction equipment will be first tested for noise compliance before moving to the site. All the equipment that do not meet the requirement for noise control will not be allowed to be used in this project. The maintenance will be carried out regularly to ensure constant compliance of the equipment. * The noise will cause short-term impact compared with that in the operation phase. However, the impact of noise will significantly disturb the residents in the night time. Therefore the noise equipment will be prohibited for operation from 22:OO-:00 each dady. The construction schedule will be carefully developed for the section near the schools in which the construction activity will be concentrated on the school vacation or after classes to the extent possible, or temporary facilities to reduce noise, such as wood acoustic insulation barriers, will be installed. * The construction site boundary will be carefully defined according to the "Noise Limit for Boundary of Construction Site" in order to avoid residential area within the site. * The temporary access road will be designed away from villages or schools where possible. The transportation of construction materials on the existing roads will be carefully scheduled to avoid any disturbance to the local traffic. At night, construction vehicles will be requested to operate at low speeds and banned for any homing. * The workers on site will be provided with personal protective appliances such as earplug and helmets.

58 * The construction management and supervision will be enforced, particularly for the road sections near schools, seniors houses and villages, as well as the scenic sites.

Water Impact Mitigation

In order to protect water quality and irrigation facilities in the project area, the following mitigation measures will be taken during the construction phase:

* Monitor closely the water intake near the consturciotn site for bridge improvement, and emergency plan will be developed to react promptly on any pollution incidents. * The construction materials, such as asphalt, oil and chemicals will not be allowed to stockpile at the river sides, or near fish pond, lake and water wells. The stockpiles will be covered with canvas sheet. * Side ditch will be constructed prior to road construction, to prevent the muddy water flowing into streams, canal or farmland. * The temporary canals will be provided to replace the existing canals to be temporarily The occupied. Culvert pipe will be laid under the road prior to road bed construction. diameter of pipe will be sufficiently large to acccommodate the local conditions and rquirements for irrigation and/or flood discharge. when * Retention walls and/or interception ditches will be provided at the river side construction is taken near the river. bridge * Construction camps will not be located at the Taiping Lake Bridge. The camps for construction will be located in the villages nearest to the bridge site. will be * The construction period for bridge can be relatively long and a lot of workers involved in and this will generate wastewater. In addition, the many of the streams are seasonal with large variation of water flow in the streams. Bridge construction, particularly those activities which must be in-water or near water, will be conducted during the dry season when the flows in the rivers are smallest. In addition, further measures will be taken during bridge construction, described as follows: - Advanced technology will be applied in the reconstruction of the five bridges, such as cofferdum methods for the construction of piers and others which must go in-water. - Septic tanks will be provided for construction camps and construction site. The wastewater from dinning rooms will be at first treated with oil separation process before discharge to the septic tank. - The domestic and construction solid waste will be separated and collected for reuse as possible. The remaining will be transported for landfill in timely manner. - The spoil will be transported to the designated site by local environment agency for stockpile. - The equipment and operation ship will be examined to ensure free of leakage of oil.

Air Quality soil. * Water spray vehicles will be provided by contractors to unpaved road and other disturbed The water spray operation will be carried out in the dry or windy day, at least twice per day (morning and afternoon). The frequency of water spray at sensitive receptors, such as village, school and seniors houses, will be increased. days to * Some real powdering and dry materials will be covered, especially in the windy prevent the materials from air borne. * Trucks carrying powder materials, such as cement, sand and lime, will fully be covered.

Socio-economic Impact Mitigation

* During road improvement and rehabilitation, the access road will be minimized, the existing road will be used as possible. The contractor will at first cooperate with the road agency in development of road use plan. The construction activity will be scientifically scheduled to avoid the sensitive time of villagers. * At the place busy of transportation, warning signs will be installed. The material

59 transportation route will be carefully selected to avoid populous area or villages.

Cultural Relics Sites

* The contractors are obligated to provide necessary training to its workers for basic knowledge of cultural relics. Once a chance find is uncovered, the construction will be halted immediately. Cultural relics authority will be called in and an investigation starts. The construction on the same site can resume only after the contractors receive such instructions from cultural relics authority. * At the beginning of borrow pit construction, investigative drilling, where justified, will start first and if a relics site is found, the borrow pit will be relocated to elsewhere. * The temporary siting of borrow pits and waste disposal sites will be carefully conducted to avoid cultural relics sites.

Public Disturbance

* The construction activity will not damage to service facilities along the road and any accidental damages will be repaired and restored at the quickest way possible. * The contractors will be requested to have their own the equipment for temporary power supply, communication and water supply. * A billboard will be installed at the entrance of construction site, indicating the names and phone numbers of the contractor, supervisor and local EPB. The villagers therefore could voice their complaints, if any, to government department as well as responsible for it.

Safety and Health

* The construction workers will be educated with the basic knowledge about disease control, especially the epidemics such as AIDS or hepatitis. * The construction workers will be provided with necessary personal preventive equipment, such as helmet and earplug. * Effective safeguard facilities will be provided to the people living along the proposed road. The construction site or other dangerous place will be fenced off to alert the villagers of the dangers. * Transportation and storage of explosive will receive special attention. The place where the explosive will be applied needs to be carefully examine to ensure a full compliance with the procedures and regulations. * The houses within 500 m from the explosion place will be carefully examined prior to explosion operation. The houses which are thought to be vulnerable to explosion operation will be reinforced for explosion operation.

Construction Camps

* The construction sites will be selected to be away from villages if possible to minimize the disturbance to the village life. The sites will also be carefully selected to be away from environmentally sensitive areas, such as water bodies, forest land, farm land, scenery areas, etc. * Septic tank will be provided for construction tank, and needs to be cleared regularly. * Wastewater from the camp is banned from entering into waters; * The solid waste in construction site will be collected regularly and transported to designated site for disposal. * The drinking water quality will be ensured to meet the national standard for drinking water.

Soil Erosion Mitigation

* Temporary protection at borrow pits: Most borrow pits for this project will be located at hilly land and deserted land. Borrow pits operation will create exposed soil slopes which can result in heavy soil erosion during strong rainfalls. Drainage interception ditches will be built

60 surrounding the borrow pits to prevent surface runoff from hills to flash the slopes. Temporary protection at disposal sites: prior to the use of a disposal site, the lower end of the site will be built with bank to prevent the flush of the spoiled materials in the piles into nearby rivers or farmland. Interception ditches will be built at the upper side of the site to divert the runoff away from the site. In some of the temporary piles of spoiled materials where the above temporary measures cannot be taken, the piles will be covered by nylon cloth or similar sheets to minimize the erosion of rainfalls. * Temporary mitigation for the road side slopes: at the edge of road bases where side slopes are most vulnerable, a 0.2 m high by 0.5 m wide retaining wall will be built. Then create a temporary discharge ditch every 50 m to collect and then direct surface runoff to discharge ditch off the road. A settling pond may be built downstream from the discharge ditch. For fill section higher than 5 m, an earth retaining wall will be built at the foot. For land slide, hill falling and soft land sections, retaining walls, concrete piling, slope cutting or complete pavement with stones may be applied to stabilized these section for construction safety as well as prevention serious soil erosion.

V'isual Impacts Mitigation

* The construction activity in the section of high landscape quality (for instance, Huangshan Mountains and Taiping Lake) will be scheduled in off-season for tourism. The construction vehicles will operate at night to the extent possible. The vehicles will be kept clean and the materials, particularly powered materials, transported will be covered. * The fencing walls will be constructed around the construction site near landscape sites, which will be decorated with vegetation or other means to minimize the visual impacts created by the construction sites. The construction camps will be located in the nearest villages where possible. No construction camps are allowed in forest, scenic sites, and other sensitive areas. * The solid waste from construction and domestic sources will be collected and disposed regularly in engineered and designated facilities. Random dumping of solid waste will be strictly banned. The material storage and mixing stations will be located far away from river side and landscape sites and not to be visible from major public areas. The existing roads will be used as possible to access construction sites. If not possible, the access roads will be selected in places that could minimize the damage to vegetation and to scenic sites.

ContractorManagement

Contractors will be on the construction site at all time and their activities will be the sources of adverse impacts during the construction phase. Therefore, contractors are the key for environmental control and mitigation plan implementation and as such, environmental management for contractors will be critical for successful mitigation. Most of the mitigation measures designed above require contractors to implement. In order to ensure the mitigation measures and environmental management plans become contractor commitments, the following actions will be taken:

* During the contractor pre-qualification, environmental management of contractors will be an integral part of the evaluation criteria * Under the same conditions, priority considerations will be given to those bidders who have ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 certified; * Contractors will be requested to provide at least one full time environmental staff at the construction site for environmental supervision, environmental monitoring and environmental mitigation measures implementation; * All mitigation measures such as those listed above will be included in the bid documents so that contractors will bid with the understanding of these environmental requirements and prepare budget for mitigation measures in their bids where necessary. These mitigation measures will then become contractual obligations for the winning contractors; and

61 prior to the * Environmental training will be provided to the winning contractors of the construction. At least one senior manager and one full time commencement to be environmental staff from each contractor will be requested to attend the training, The training delivered by experienced environmental specialists and local regulators. will include, program will be 2-3 days prior to signing of the contracts. The training programs but not limited to, - State and local environmental regulations and discharge standards, - Technical principles for relevant environmental control technologies - Project EIA and EMP, - Site monitoring requirements and monitoring techniques, - Reporting requirements and monitoring feedback, - Mitigation measures, - Environmental emergency and spills response, - Continued public consultation and handling of public complains, and - Contractors' contractual obligations for environmental protection. role in environmental In addition, construction supervision companies will also play an important management for management and pollution control. The requirements for environmental and later in the construction supervision companies will also be included in the bid documents from each winning contracts. At least two staff members one of whom being a senior manager the contractors construction supervision company must attend the same training program for described above. in the table below: The environmental management and mitigation measures are summarized

62 Table 8.1 Environmental Management in Contraction Phase Management Implementing Agency Responsible Environmental Issue Typical Requirements for Environmental Organization * Training workers on the knowledge of flora and fauna protection; damage to environment; * Minimizing World Bank Project * Dumping waste into designated sites; Office of Anhui .Conservationof *Providing settling tank to prevent surface runoff; Contractor Provincial Eco-resources * Reclaiming the temporary occupied land; Communication Bureau * Covering the site in raining days; * Conserving the top soil for reuse; * Scheduling construction work to fit the weather condition; drain system * Maintaining good World Bank Project soil should be collected separate from sub-soils for reuse in the land Contractor 2. Borrow Pit * Top Office of Anhui reclamation; Provincial pit is completed, the pit should be leveled and top soil * Immediately after the Communication Bureau be returned for vegetative establishment; land use should be restored * The original World Bank Project the deposit, the site should be replanted and provided with drains; Contractor * During Office of Anhui immediately after it is completed; 3. Deposit Pit * The pit should be reclaimed Provincial distance a deposit pit should be set to store earth * Along the road, at regular Communication Bureau which can be used in greening works later on. within 150 m where there are residences, noisy Contractor * In construction sites World Bank Project be stopped from 22:00 to 6:00; construction should Office of Anhui of machinery and vehicles should be enhanced to keep their 4. Noise * Maintenance Provincial noise at a minimum; Communication Bureau * Temporary noise barriers, whereas necessary, should be installed at the site boundary in urban area or densely populated area; Contractor World Bank Project * In slopes and other suitable places along the roadside, trees and grass should Office of Anhui Irrigation be planted; 5.Soil Erosion/ be Provincial * On sections with high fillings and deep cutting, their slopes should Communication Bureau System and planted with grass, etc. If existing irrigation and covered by stone walls C drainage system ponds are damaged, they should be rebuilt or recovered by

63 Management Implementing Agency Responsible Environmental Issue Typical Requirements for Environmental gOranization suitable means; as * In sections along the river, earth and stone will be properly disposed of so not to block rivers, resulting in adverse impact on water quality waste should be carefully managed so as not to enter Contractor * Wastewater and solid World Bank Project water pollution; rivers, causing Office of Anhui and oil, should be kept far away from rivers, 6. Surface Water * Chemicals such as asphalt Provincial canal and other water bodies; Pollution irrigation Communication Bureau * Leakage from machinery should be avoided by proper maintenance; * Education on water pollution prevention should be provided to workers. be sprayed during construction phase, in the line and earth Contractor * Water should World Bank Project sites, asphalt mixing site, and temporary roads; mixing Office of Anhui materials should be covered to reduce spills; * Vehicles delivering Provincial should be 500 m from leeward wind direction of asphalt mixing 7. Air Pollution * Residence Communication Bureau sites; be * Mixing equipment should be well sealed, and vibrating equipment should equipped with dust-remove device. Contractor World Bank Project * The temporary access roads should be carefully located to avoid farmland, Office of Anhui 8. Temporary Access forest and crops; Provincial * Safety waming signs should be installed; Roads for Communication Bureau * After the work is completed, the temporary road should be reclaimed beneficial uses. Provincial World Bank Project phase, the professionals from provincial cultural Anhui * In the construction f Anh protection of cultural properties. Archeological ff 9. Cultural department will assist the contractor in the Ofince of nU relics are discovered, the local related departments Institute/Contractor 9.o Cultiral If valuable or invaluable Communication Bureau The excavation should be stopped until should be notified immediately. Communication Bureau authorized department identifies relics. World Bank Project other necessary supply should be separate from the public Contractor 10. Traffic * The power and Office of Anhui Disruption/Public lines; planned so as not to Provincial Service * The route of transporting material should be carefully Communication Bureau cause impact on local traffic;

64 Implementing Agency Responsible Typical Requirements for Environmental Management Environmental Issue ______Organization ______should be * Where the road is to be reconstructed, half of the road surface closed so as not to cause traffic jam. Contractor * Disease prevention knowledge should be delivered to workers; of Anhui workers; Office It. Health and * Adequate protective gear should be provided to Provincial * Seminar on safety issues should be provided to local public; Safety installed; Communication Bureau * Where the potential dangers are present, warning signed should be * Explosive and blasting operation should be well managed. the construction camps, i.e. provision of Contractor * Sufficient measures will be taken in World Bank Project facilities. Waste in septic tanks will be cleared garbage tanks and sanitation Office of Anhui 12. Construction periodically; Provincial will meet national standard; Camp * Drinking water quality Communication Bureau * Garbage will be collected in tank and disposed of periodically; * Special attention should be paid to the sanitary condition of camps. World Bank Project Office of World Bank Project on environmental protection should be provided to the contractor * Training Anhui Provincial Office of Anhui Management of and local supervisory people; 13. the bidding Communication Bureau/ EA Provincial * The EMP should be included as terms and conditions in Contractor team Communication Bureau document.

65 Annex

Subproject Figures for Environmental Conditions for Each Road Improvement

of S3 11 Figure 1 Pullout Map of Chuzhou to Dingyuan Section S3 11 Figure 2 Pullout Map of Chuzhou to Wuyi Section of n of G205 Figure 3 Pullout Map of Tanjiaqiao to Caijiaqiao Section n of G205 Figure 4 Pullout Map of Tangkou to Qiankou Section Section of G205 Figure 5 Pullout Map of Tunxi to Provincial Boundary S105 Figure 6 Pullout Map of Chaohu to Wujiang Section of of S322 Figure 7 Pullout Map of Taohuatan to Gantang Section

66 1

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