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12_British_Monarchs.txt 3/26/2010 While speaking at the defunct Dowlais Iron and Steel works, this man’s comment “Something should be done,” was interpreted as an attack on the current Conservative government’s economic policies. In his most significant post he made a rare radio address from Fort Belvidere. The British Foreign Office objected to this man’s plan to tour aboard the yacht of Swedish magnate Axel Wennergren, considered a close friend of (*) Herman Goering’s. Also a former Duke of Wuttermberg advised the FBI that this noble’s wife was likely engaged in an affair with the German ambassador, von Ribbentrop, and his 1937 visit to Nazi Germany were all seen as evidence of his pro-Nazi stance. Succeeded by George VI, in part due to Stanley Baldwin’s unwillingness to accept this man’s morganatic nuptial with Wallis Simpson, for 10 points, name this king who abdicated the throne of the United Kingdom in 1936 Answer: Edward VIII [accept Duke of Windsor prompt on partial answer] (09PB) One of this ruler’s first official actions was to retroactively declare himself King and charge his opponents with treason, although he spared the Earl of Lincoln, eventually leading to the Battle of Stoke. He destroyed all copies of the Titulus Regius and. his reign saw the signing the Treaty of Etaples, abandoning his invasion plans for France, in exchange for a large payment, as well as France’s promise no longer support a revolt following those by Stafford and Lovell and (*) Lambert Simnel. He joined with the Earl of Oxford in his position as Earl of Richmond to win a victory after landing at Milford Haven, defeating Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth field. After the death of his son Arthur, this monarch arranged for Catherine of Aragon to marry his younger son, who succeeded him. FTP, identify this English King who Wars of the Roses to found the Tudor dynasty, the father of Henry VII. Answer: Henry VII of England (09Terrapin) Innocent VIII issued a papal bull after this king forcibly removed the Stafford brothers from sanctuary after their abortive rebellion with Lord Lovell. One of his first actions was to repeal the Titulus Regius. This king greatly improved wool exports by signing the Intercursus Magnus with various European powers. This king ended his invasion of France with the Peace of Etaples, and at the Battle of Stoke Field defeated John (*) de la Pole and the kitchen servant Lambert Simnel. This king’s Chancellor John Morton used a namesake “fork” to increase his treasury, and while not a Stuart, this king used the Treaty of Medina del Campo to marry his son Arthur to a Spanish princess. FTP, name this king who later married another of his sons to Catherine of Aragon after defeating Richard III at Bosworth to become the first Tudor monarch, the predecessor of Henry VIII. Answer: Henry VII (TXTerrapin) This monarch attempted to fine all Englishmen for missing his coronation, and John Hampden famously opposed one of his monetary schemes, which collected ship tax during peace time. His enactment of a Forced Loan program eventually prompted the Five Knights case, which prompted a backlash against his troop quartering policies that eventually became the (*) Petition of Right. This king was embarrassed at the Treaty of Ripon ending the Second Bishops' War, while the death of George Villiers prompted a period known as “personal rule” which ended shortly before the passing of the Triennial Act and the Grand Remonstrance. His reign saw the Short Parliament, which was dissolved by this husband of Henrietta Maria who was aided by Prince Rupert of the Rhine at the Battle of Naseby. FTP, identify this Stuart monarch who was defeated by Oliver Cromwell during the English Civil War, the successor of James I. Answer: Charles I (09Terrapin) The Battle of Dunsinane happened after this grandson of Richard the Fearless ordered Siward, Earl of Northumbria, to lead an invasion of Scotland that led to the overthrow of King Macbeth, whom this man replaced with Malcolm III. At one point, this man declared Edward the Exile as his heir. This son of (*) Emma of Normandy and brother of Alfred Aetheling was the last king to pay the Danegeld, and was constantly bedeviled by his rebellious advisor Godwin, whose son attempted to succeed this man despite his alleged promise to William the Conqueror. For 10 points, name this penultimate Saxon king of England, whose nickname refers to his religious piety. Answer: Edward the Confessor [prompt on partial answer; if Edward III is answered, prompt for something that distinguishes him as “Edward III of Wessex” or something, as opposed to the Plantagenet Edward III of England who ruled in the fourteenth century] (09PB) 1 12_British_Monarchs.txt 3/26/2010 He was guided to power and advised early in his life by Bishop Aethelwold of Winchester and later took the Bishop Wulfstan of Worcester as another advisor. His laws at Wantage are sometimes credited with introducing the Scandinavian jury system to England. This monarch fled for Normandy after inciting Sven Forkbeard's raids on the English coast with the St. (*) Brice's Day Massacres. He later regained the throne, which he had taken in the first place after the murder at Corfe Castle of his brother Edward the Martyr. For 10 points, name this baptismal-font-befouling kingwho got his epithet for foolishly taking the advice of the Witan. Answer: Aethelred the Unready [or Aethelred II; prompt on Aethelred] (09PB) In his youth, this man's eduction was directed by Mary of Hungary, whose nephew this man allegedly shook violently while yelling “you, you, you!” He prompted the Perpetual Edict from the successor of Luis de Zuniga shortly after he had founded a major university in celebration of defeating a siege by flooding the enemy camp. His more famous actions were preceded by an alliance with Phillip of Montmorency against Cardinal Granvelle and Margaret of (*) Parma. Famously standing against the Council of Blood under the Duke of Alba, this victim of Balthasar Gerard oversaw the Act of Abjuration against Phillip II that led to his country's freedom after victories by Maurice of Nassau. Organizing the Battle of Heiligerlee, FTP, identify this Prince of Orange with a reserved epithet, considered the father of the Netherlands for beginning the Eighty Years War, whose second namesake joined his queen Mary in the Glorious Revolution. Answer: William I of Orange or William the Silent (prompt on “William” or “William of Orange”) (09Terrapin) This man married Eadgyth, the widow of one of his military rivals, Gruffydd ap Llywelyn of Gwynned, whom this man fought a series of border skirmishes against. After becoming the Earl of East Anglia, this man was briefly exiled due to his father’s insubordination regarding a fight in Dover, leading this man to spend time in Ireland in the court of King Dermont of Leinster. After being imprisoned at Beaurain by Count Guy of (*) Ponthieu, this man supposedly swore an oath to a foreign noble that he would not accept a certain English title. The victor over his brother Tostig and King Harald Hardrada at Stamford Bridge, FTP, name this successor of Edward the Confessor, who lost the crown and his life to William the Conqueror at Hastings. Answer: Harold II or Harold Godwinson (TXTerrapin) This king let Anselm return from exile to be Archbishop of Canterbury, issued the Charter of Liberties, and seized the Royal Treasury at Winchester while his brother, whom he later imprisoned in Cardiff Castle after the Battle of Tinchebray, was on a crusade. The son of this “Lion of Justice” died in the White Ship disaster, which left only his daughter Matilda in line for the throne and allowed Stephen of Blois to usurp her power. FTP, identify this lamprey- crazed English monarch, the son of William the Conqueror who succeeded his brother, William II. Answer: Henry I (prompt on Henry) (08HFT) During the reign of this husband of Mary of Modena, a zealous judge named Jeffreys sentenced many people to death or exile to Barbados in an event known as the Bloody Assizes, which was in reaction to a rebellion against this king led by the Duke of Monmouth. A political controversy ensued when he dropped an important object into the Thames, but Parliament ruled that the Royal Seal was not needed since this man’s escape constituted an abdication. FTP, name this Catholic monarch replaced by William and Mary in the Glorious Revolution. Answer: James II (or James VII) (08HFT) He pardoned the youth who killed him with a crossbow during his campaign against French King Philip II. He also came into conflict with Leopold V, whose men recognized him despite his pilgrim’s disguise by his insistence on eating roast chicken. He had thrown Leopold’s flag off the walls of Acre, a city he had reconquered in 1191, and Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI demanded a ransom equal to the amount he had raised in the Saladin Tithe, which had funded his expedition to the Holy Land. FTP, identify this English crusader king nicknamed “Lionheart.” Answer: Richard I (accept Richard the Lionheart before the last word, but prompt on Richard) (08HFT) 2 12_British_Monarchs.txt 3/26/2010 This king’s wife, Anne of Denmark, controversially built a Catholic chapel at Somerset House. This king wrote a treatise on the dangers of tobacco use, and defended absolutism in his pamphlet “The Trew Law of Free Monarchy.” Along with his chief advisor, the Duke of Buckingham, this king controversially tried to find a Spanish bride for his son in a scandal known as the “Spanish Match”.
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