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Flags of the World, Past and Present; Their Story and Associations

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Flags of the World, Past and Present; Their Story and Associations . '^.. ^•OFCAIIFO;?^ ^OFCAIIFO/?^ AMEUNIVERi'/A ;ji I ^mmm, ^^m-mm^^ -c^iubraryg^. ^>^hibraryg^^ >- en ^•,5MM)NIVE AllFO/?.</. 3 t2^ r ^ Digitized by the Internet Archive %130NYi( in 2008 with funding from \'mn''^ IVIicrosoft Corporation ^HIBRARYQ^, <>;w^ JiliJK'.^.Ui'- ^OFCALIF' *r ^. c? ^>rjirj.W SOl^^ "^/SJiJA.Nil J\\v .^WE•l'^JIVFR,V'/,, svlOS-ANCFlfj> ^A^IIBRARY^,^^ ^^,f' S\ - hitp://www.archive.org/details/flagsofworldpastOOgord ? '^/TlJDNVSOl^ %il3AINfl3WV^ %0jilV3J0^~ ^<i/0JllV3 .JU" ^'^iUJUVJ JU'' FLAGS OF THE WORLD TM E CORRECT REPRESENTATlOlsJ OP THE HISTORIC SICMAL. .• .• .' .• ,• ^ , - r ! f • > 1 J J ••••.• • ^ T^ . J-- ^ ^ J / ^ / / / J J 2f Nelson's Signal at Trafalgar. PLATE I. Nelson's Signal at Trafalgar. I. England, 253- 2. Expects, 269. 3- That. 863. 4- Every, 261. 5- Man, 471. 6. ^vill, 958- 7- Do, 220. 8. His, 370- 9- I), 4- 10. u, 21. I T. T. 19. 12 V. 24. \ FLAGS OF THE WORLD PAST AND PRESENT THEIR STORY AND ASSOCIATIONS BY W. J GORDON Aul-Iiop of " The Way of ]-he World ah Sea " efc: With over 50O illustrations by W. J . STOKOE London FREDERICK. X^C^RNE ^ C? AND New YorK* (All riglnVs re.ser\^z<i ) PniNTED IN GREAT nRITAIN 1915 ^/7 /a/ PREFACE THERE is no more interesting subject than flags to old and young, and none so little known to the majority owing to there being no general guide to their story and associations, personal, historical and heraldic. Even our national flag has only of late years been talked about in our Council Schools as has been done for years in the United States of America where every public school flies the flag which developed so strangely from that of the East India Company as told herein, with all the missing links for the first time supplied. Every one should know the history and meaning of the Royal Standard and the Union, the difi"erence between personal flags and national flags and between an ensign and a jack, and also the glorious record of the honours on our regimental colours and the badges of Greater Britain met with afloat and ashore all round the world ; and surely something is desirable regarding the flags of foreign nations beyond a hazy acquaintance with a few of them and the limited knowledge of flag eti- quette that leads to so many unintentional breaches of courtesy. Of late years much new matter on the subject of flags has been rendered available to students of the national records, particularly as regards signalling, a mystery on which the strangest opinions are held. Hardly any one knows how it originated and became the complicated system it seems to be ; whence the vi prefacp: large space devoted to flag-signalling in these pages wherein for the first time the full story is told. Another and more noticeable feature will be found in the coloured plates. Pictures of flags ought at least to be accurate not only in colour but proportion, and the shapes that are obsolete should not appear again and again, for flags, like all things else, alter to suit a change of conditions. How many people are there who know, or would ever know from the coloured sheets, that ensigns were once a quarter as long again as their width, then half as long again, and now are twice as long, the length having increased with the increase of speed and the change of rig limiting the space from which they are flown ? This is a point of much im- portance to which Mr. W. J. Stokoe in his admirable illustrations has given special attention, his drawings of existing flags being all in accordance with the ofiicial measurements. The late Mr. F. E. Hulme, F.S.A., in his volume issued Bome twenty-five years ago under the same title as this work, dealt very ably and fufly with the antiquarian side of the subject, and acknowledgment is due for such points as the introductory chapter of the present volume owes to his research. But the important changes that have arisen during the lengthy period since the issue of Mr, Hulme's book have necessitated an entirely new presentation, both textually and pictorially, in the endeavour to ensure that accuracy of detail demanded by the public of to-day. CONTENTS CHA.PTER PAGE 1 I. Introductory . , . o . II. The Royal Standard and our National Flags 37 III. Flags of the Navy, Army, and Pudlig Departments ..... 72 IV. Flags of Greater Britain .... 101 V. Municipal Flags. ..... 112 VI. Club Flags and House Flags , . 119 VII. Signal Flags ...... 139 VIII. American Flags ....„, 182 IX. Flags of Africa and Asia . „ . 210 X. European Flags . , , „ , . 219 Vll LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE I. Nelson's Signal at Trafalgar Frontispiece 1. England, 253 7. Do, 220 2. Expects, 269 8. His, 370 3. That, 863 9. D, 4 4. Every, 261 10. U, 21 5. Man, 471 11. T, 19 6. Will, 958 12. Y. 24 II. Banners and Standards 10 1. Banner of St. Edmund 5. Percy Standard 2. Banner of St. Edward 6. Stafford Standard 3. Banner of St. Alban 7. Douglas Standard 4. Banner of De Montfort III. Banners from the Roll of Carlaverock . 15 1. Sir John Botetourte (Admiral of the Fleet of Edward II) 2. Sir Ralph deMonthermer (Earl of Gloucester and Hertford) 3. Sir Emlam Touches 4. Sir William de Rider, Banneret 5. Sir Hugh Bardolf (Lord of Wirmegey) 6. Sir John de Holdeston 7. Sir Henri de Percy (Lord of Topclive) 8. Sir Hugh de Courtenay (Earl of Devon) 9. Sir Aymer de Valence (Earl of Pembroke) 10. Sir John de Bar 11. Sir William Grandison 85 IV. Obsolete Flags . 1. London Trained Bands. 5. Commonwealth, 1651 Blue Regiment 6. Papal States 2. London Trained Bands. 7. Guinea Company Green Regiment 8. Heligoland 3. London Trained Bands. 9. Savoy Yellow Regiment 10. Anti-Mutiny Flag 4. Admiral's Flag, 1 649 (H.M.S. Niger) B LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE PAQB V. The Royal Standard and the Admihalty 38 1. The Royal Standard 6. Admiral's Flag 2. The Standard of England 7. Vice-Admiral's Flag 3. The Standard of Scotland 8. Roar-Admiral's Flag 4. The Standard of Ireland 9. Commodore's Flag 5. The Admiralty Flag 10. The White Pennant VI. Our National Flag and its Development 67 1. National Flag of England 5. St. Andrew's Cross 2. National Flag of Scotland 6. St. Patrick's Cross 3. Old British Union (prior to 7. National Flag of the 1801) British Empire 4. St. George's Cross VII. Ensigns and Pennants 64 1. English White Ensign 6. British Red Ensign 2. English Red Ensign 7. British Blue Ensign 3. Scottish Red Ensign 8. The Red Pennant 4. Scottish Blue Ensign 9. The Blue Pennant 5. British Wliite Ensign VIII. Royal Badges 75 Richard I—Plieon 8. Henry IV—Red rose Richard I—Star and cres- 9. Honry VI—Two feathers cent 10. Edward IV—Wliite rose Edward 11—Castle of Cas- 11. Edward TV—Falcon and tile fetterlock Edward ITI—Feather 12. Henry VII—Tudor rose Edward III—Fleur-de-lis 13. Henry VII—Portcullis Richard II—Rising sun 14. Anne—Rose, shamrock Richard U—White hart and thistle IX. Badges of Regimental Colours—1 . 78 1. Castle of Inniskilling (6th 10. Royal Tiger Dragoons) 11. Elephant 2. Castle of Inniskilling(R.I.F.) 12. Elephant caparisoned 3. Castle of Exetor 13. Elephant with howdah 4. Castle of Edinburgh 14. Sphinx 6. Castle of Cibraltiir 15. Paschal Lamb 6. Dragon rampant 10. Cat and Boar 7. Dragon passant 17. Antelope 8. Dragon, Chinese 18. Lion of England 9. \\ hito Horse of Hanover 1 . LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS XI PLATE PAGE X. Military Flags— 80 1. Guidon of the Royal Scots Greys 2. Standard of the King's Dragoon Guards 3. War Office, Ordnance Flag XI. Military Flags—2. 89 Regimental Colour, 4th Battalion The Black Watch (Royal Highlanders) 2. Camp Colour of the Highland Light Infantry 3. Signalling Flag for dark backgrounds 4. Signalling Flag for light backgrounds 5. Saluting Colour of the Loyal North Lancashire Regiment 6. Lance pennon XII. Badges of Regimental Colours—2 97 1. Britannia 10. Mui'al crown 2. George and Dragon 11. Naval crown 3. Prince of Wales's plume 12. Grenade 4. Lion on crown 13. Death's head 5. Garter star 14. Wliite rose in star 6. St. Patrick star 15. Nassau arms 7. St. Andrew 16. Duke of Wellington's crest 8. Crown and thistle 17. Wliite Rousillon feather 9. Harp and crown 18. Maple leaf XIII. Departmental Flags 93 1. Commissioners of Irish 8. North Sea Fishery Guard Lights 9. Customs Ensign 2. Lords Lieutenant 10. Trinity House Master's 3. Royal Mail Flag 4. City of London ] 1. Thames Conservancy 5. Commissioners of Customs 12. Commissioners of Nor- 6. County of Middlesex thern Liglits 7. Port of London XIV. Greater Britain and Protected States 103 1. Dominion of Canada 8. Negri Sembilan 2. Commonwealth of Aus- 9. Federated Malay States, tralia Ensign 3. Dominion of New Zealand 10. Federated Malay States, 4. Union of South Africa Jack 5. Perak 1 1 Sarawak 6. Pahang 12. Tonga 7. Selangor 13. Rarotonga 1 3 Xll LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE FAOB XV. Badges and How They are Borne 104 1. Viceroy of India 4. Indian Marine 2. Covcmor-Goneral of Aus- 5. Isle of Man tralia (). Jei-sey 3. Lord-Lieutonaut of Ireland 7. Guernsey XVI. Badges of the British Colonies — 107 1. Manitoba 8. British Honduras 2. Nova Scotia 0. Jamaica 3. Ontario 10. Bahamas 4.
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