MARCH 2001 CORE 2.1

A PUBLICATION OF THE MUSEUM HISTORY CENTER WWW.COMPUTERHISTORY.ORG PAGE 1

March 2001 FROM IDEAS TO REALITY CA publicationO ofRE The Computer Museum2. Histor1y Center IN THIS MISSION ISSUE TO PRESERVE AND PRESENT FOR POSTERITY THE ARTIFACTS AND STORIES OF THE INFORMATION AGE

VISION INSIDE FRONT COVER Thank you for your incredible support changes, all intended to make our develop new mechanisms for data TO EXPLORE THE COMPUTING REVOLUTION AND ITS FROM IDEAS TO REALITY John Toole last year in so many ways. Due to incredible collection more easily storage and retrieval, in order to make it IMPACT ON THE HUMAN EXPERIENCE everyone’s efforts, we are growing available to everyone. more effective for computer historians, 2 rapidly, and our programs, people, and press, corporations, scientists, and the THE NOVA leadership are enjoying many new Oral Histories – We want to expand and broader public to work with us. Dag Spicer successes and facing many new streamline our ability to make, edit, and EXECUTIVE STAFF challenges. Our annual fundraising rapidly distribute oral histories in many Outreach – You will also see a series of 6 John C Toole RECENT DONATIONS TO THE COLLECTION campaign, which is critical to our formats. Our lectures are recorded for programs designed to reach out to a EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR & CEO 2 success, is in progress. Please help by posterity, and we have incredible audio variety of audiences and community. We Karen Mathews getting everyone possible involved in and video resources in our archives. We are fortunate to be able to collaborate EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT 7 FROM THE COLLECTION the Museum – it’s your organization! are exploring new methods to capture with our partners in the NASA Research Eleanor Weber Dickman VICE PRESIDENT OF DEVELOPMENT Chris Garcia information and catalog it quickly. Other Park as well as many seasoned & PUBLIC RELATIONS

The transition to a new year is a great historians and experts will help in this organizations throughout Silicon Valley 10 opportunity to look at how we are important effort. FOCUS ON PEOPLE: DAVE BABCOCK and the world. BOARD OF TRUSTEES Eleanor Dickman transforming ideas into reality. This 7 issue of CORE highlights several steps Volunteer Programs – Our volunteers Facilities – Until our new building Leonard J Shustek, Chairman Dave House forward, including exciting plans to are absolutely the best; I’ve seen opens, we will retain use of our current VENCRAFT, LLC ALLEGRO NETWORKS 11 CURRENT STAFF & David L Anderson break ground for our new building in everyone from Trustee to student get warehouse space, including the Visible Christine Hughes VOLUNTEER OPPORTUNITIES SENDMAIL 2003, and many significant new engaged in such positive ways. Our Storage Exhibit Area (Building 126), the HIGHWAY 1 C Gordon Bell Steve Kirsch additions to our collection (page 6). Volunteer Steering Committee now site of many receptions and tours. You CORPORATION PROPEL SOFTWARE CORPORATION 12 REPORT ON MUSEUM ACTIVITIES meets monthly, and we are always will soon see a few changes, including Peggy Burke John Mashey Karen Mathews It’s often easy to let the excitement of a looking for people willing to make new new ceiling tiles, better climate control, 1185 DESIGN new building, the camaraderie of events, projects and ideas happen. This year and new exhibits – a facelift for us – so Andrea Cunningham Ike R Nassi 10 CITIGATE CUNNINGHAM and day-to-day tasks overwhelm our you will see a diversity of volunteer you can enjoy more of the depth and CISCO SYSTEMS 15 Donna Dubinsky Suhas Patil NEW BUILDING PLANS awareness of the fundamental ways we projects targeted to our needs and the breadth of the collection. HANDSPRING TUFAN Kirsten Tashev are preserving computing history. I want unique skills of our people. We are also Samuel Fuller Bernard L Peuto ANALOG DEVICES CONCORD CONSULTING to tell you about some of the upcoming putting ideas together for a docent As you can see, there’s a lot to do, 17 advances you will see, saving plans for program, which is so critical to our and each aspect presents exciting Eric Hahn John William Poduska Sr CONTACT INFORMATION INVENTURES GROUP ADVANCED VISUAL SYSTEMS others, such as our Cybermuseum, for a future institution. challenges. But it’s the combination UPCOMING EVENTS Gardner C Hendrie F Grant Saviers 12 future issue: of them all that will make the Museum SIGMA PARTNERS PRIVATE INVESTOR ON THE BACK COVER Exhibits – Our Exhibits Committee is a lasting institution. Please help us Peter Hirshberg John Shoch MYSTERY ITEMS FROM THE COLLECTION Lecture Series – We have extraordinary working hard on strategies for the new in every way you can to turn these Charles H (Chuck) House ALLOY VENTURES lectures this year, and I hope to see building. We will be exploring exhibit visions into reality… your help really CONVERGED Pierluigi Zappacosta COMMUNICATIONS GROUP, DIGITAL PERSONA everyone there. Watch as we continue design concepts, so look for some makes a difference. DIALOGIC DIVISION to target a variety of major audiences unique displays and experimental with the richest possible content. We techniques in the years to come. There Finally, I hope everyone takes the are also seeking corporate partnerships will be an enormous amount of energy time to ENJOY the diverse, stimulating, Copyright © 2001, The Computer Museum History Center. All rights 15 for these lectures to preserve “behind needed very soon to assemble and and important programs that are now reserved. The Museum is an independent 501 (c) (3) organization, FID# 77-0507525. PO Box 367, Moffett Field, CA 94035. the scenes” stories for generations display our collection creatively for the available. We’re positioned in such an to come. first showcase in our permanent home. exciting and unique time. Become part The Computer Museum History Center We are also taking advantage of of the celebration of computing history, Building T12-A Collections – You often hear about the increasing opportunities to show our even as it continues to unfold. Together Moffett Field, CA 94035 +1 650 604 2579 great new items we have added to our collection in other museums and in we are building a truly outstanding +1 650 604 2594 (fax) collection, but you might not know about temporary exhibits such as Intel’s institution dedicated to preserving our approach to systematic growth. We International Science and the stories and artifacts of the WWW.COMPUTERHISTORY.ORG take stewardship very seriously, and, Engineering Fair (ISEF). information age! thanks to many of you, our collection is expanding. We are building a growing Research – We are continually looking nucleus of people and techniques to for ways to make our artifacts, stories, The Museum seeks technical articles from our readers. support more robust endeavors in and “info objects” more accessible. Article submission guidelines can be located at accession, storage, retrieval, and People already use our resources for www.computerhistory.org/core, or contact Editor Karyn Wolfe availability. This includes major historical research of their own, and this JOHN C TOOLE at the address above. EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR & CEO warehouse efforts and database trend will continue to grow. We want to Cover: The Serial Number One See story on page 2 Photo by David Pace, Museum Photo ID #102621784 PAGE 2 PAGE 3

g, MA

THE DATA GENERAL TCMHC Photo #102621786 TCMHC Photo #102621785

Photo by Oak Hill Studio, Fitchbur

EMC/Data General donated the Data General NOVA NOVA designers Ed deCastro and Ron Gruner NOVA Serial Number One and the NOVA 1200 to the (NOVA 1200) Museum on January 10, 2001. Trustee Sam Fuller (left) accepted the gift on behalf of the Museum DAG SPICER from NOVA designer Ed deCastro (center) and Joel Schwartz, president of the Data General Division of EMC At an official ceremony in Westboro, Sogge implemented circuit and memory and head of manufacturing for the tiny Massachusetts on January 10th of this design—all from a small building in company, says that the very first NOVA year, Serial Number One of the Data Hudson, Mass., that is now a beauty was actually lost before it ever reached General NOVA became parlor. its first customer, the University of part of The Computer Museum History Texas. In February of 1969, Newquist Center’s permanent collection. The The original Datamation ad made clear placed the new machine in the machine was donated by EMC, which that volume and low price were key passenger seat of his 1964 Mustang, acquired Data General in 1999, and elements in the NOVA strategy. At half drove to Logan Field, and checked it currently maintains a Data General the price of competitive machines into the cargo department of a major division. (including machines from deCastro’s old airline. Newquist and the group then employer, DEC), DG sold over 300 celebrated the milestone of shipping Announced in late 1968 at the Fall Joint machines in the first year alone at their first product. Unfortunately, due to Computer Conference in San Francisco, about $8,000 each. Museum Trustee a strike, the airline lost the package. this popular minicomputer was widely Sam Fuller, who accepted the donation After a week of fruitless searching by adopted by industry and academia as a of the NOVA on behalf of the Museum, expediters and the airline, DG shipped a simple-to-program, yet powerful machine also sang its praises. “The NOVA was a replacement. At a time when production with an elegant architecture based on a landmark,” explains Fuller, “by being was only two units per month, this 16-bit word length. At a time when such a high performer at such a low setback was painful for the new Honeywell and Digital Equipment price.” Another element, deCastro company. Three months later, the airline Corporation (DEC) dominated the notes, was “what we would call today a reported that the machine had been minicomputer industry, the NOVA was “RISCy instruction set [RISC = Reduced located in a cargo shed at Chicago’s the first machine to seriously challenge Instruction Set Computer]. Other O’Hare Airport where it had been their strong positions in education, manufacturers were convinced that consolidated into a shipment of shoes. government, and process-control performance was only attainable via In spite of the initial loss and panic the markets. complex instruction sets.” There was loss had inspired, NOVA team members thus an “architectural bonus” to the were delighted to find that the machine, Data General (DG) former president and NOVA’s simplified programming model when returned to headquarters, worked founder Edson deCastro, the hero of that resulted in higher speeds. as soon as it was plugged in. Tracy Kidder’s book The Soul of a New Gordon Bell, then vice-president of Machine, which describes the later DG engineering at competitor DEC, explains Architecturally, the NOVA sported a 16- Eclipse project, now notes that the that, as often happens with new start- bit word length (rare in machines of this NOVA “was a revolutionary machine up companies, frustration over size and price), allowing for a relatively Two-page ad in December 1968 Datamation for its time.” In a bold two-page unappreciated innovations led team large amount of memory and for a long advertisement (see fig 1) in the members to create the Data General product lifespan as improved device December 1968 issue of Datamation, spin-off. “The NOVA 1,” reflects Bell, technology extended the NOVA “family” deCastro pulled no punches about the “had special meaning for Digital since for another 15 years. Shortly after its machine’s features, low price, and the DG founders had been the initial introduction, DG offered an superior value. designers of DEC’s 12-bit PDP-8, and impressive array of peripherals and 18-bit PDP-9 minis. Furthermore, the options (see specifications on page 6). Looking back on the project, deCastro founders had proposed an impressive Like its mainframe siblings, the NOVA notes that, “either this machine was and scalable architecture (PDP-X) that was organized with a central processing going to work, or we’d be out of the company [Digital] had rejected.” unit surrounded by multiple (in this business…. There was no ‘Plan B.’” case, four) general-purpose registers, With only 28 employees, deCastro Like many new products, the first NOVA two of which could be used for indexing. designed the NOVA’s logic, while Henry was not without some early problems. This simplified the programmer interface Burkhart wrote the software and Dick Harvey Newquist, one of five founders from that of single- PAGE 4 PAGE 5 As noted earlier, the Museum’s “new” NOVA was originally shipped to the University of Texas to guide that university’s radio telescope, which it did

Photo by David Pace for 14 years until it was exchanged for

TCMHC Photo #102621788 an Eclipse and returned to the halls of DG. Thanks to the DG alumni association, known as the “Grey TCMHC Photo #102621789 (P4127) Eagles,” the machine was rescued from a storage closet in the company’s executive suite and marked for preservation. Ed McManus, a Grey Eagle member, led the charge to save the NOVA by asking The Computer Museum History Center Trustee Gardner

Photo by David Pace Hendrie whether the Museum was interested. It was a simple decision!

TCMHC Photo #102621787 Also part of the donation was a NOVA 1200, the successor to the original machine. NOVA 1200 designer Ronald Gruner indicated that the original NOVA Data General NOVA One The NOVA mounted in a telescope control system was special because it was a and in use, circa 1981, at the University of Texas “breakthrough in size and cost, and it (the operator rests his hand on NOVA control panel) just changed the way people thought about computing.” Gruner’s observation about the NOVA is one frequently seen machines in which more frequent But large circuit boards had the Both Newquist and deCastro note that in the history of computing: with each accesses to memory are required. It additional benefit of increasing the NOVA originated from the realization new advance in computational paradigm also allowed mathematical operations, maintainability. Previously, customer of two things: (from mainframes to minis to micros, like (fixed- and floating-point) engineers at DEC had had to and now ubiquitous computing), multiplication and division, to be …that their main competitors, DEC troubleshoot machines to the gate level. 1. qualitative differences in the ecological executed without constant memory and the Computer Control Division of The NOVA had only seven boards, niches such machines inhabit surpass references, again resulting in improved Honeywell, got into as an compared to more than 10 times that their mere quantitative improvements in speed. extension of their existing markets of number in DEC’s Flip-Chip-based PDP-8. performance. The NOVA defined a new selling circuit modules to technically DG engineers simply swapped out these “price point” for a widely-useful amount Not only innovative architecturally, the sophisticated customers like large boards with new ones while the of computer power. It thus broadened NOVA was also acclaimed for its universities and laboratories. DG was defective units were brought back to the the community of people generally using hardware economy and efficiency. The not hampered by this legacy and factory for service. As deCastro notes Data General publicity featuring the NOVA, micro NOVA, and later Eclipse and redefined how such designers had eliminated transformers realized that large circuit boards, today, the large boards allowed DG to power could be used in what were and other costly components in the designed expressly for one purpose, eliminate DEC’s “unnecessary level of formerly manual or analog applications machine’s memory system. A wireless could result in large cost savings. interconnect.” (such as process control and scientific MicroNOVA, designed by Museum Does deCastro have any heroes? “If I improved reliability, although research), as well as in traditional Trustee Gardner Hendrie—its influence had to pick someone I really admired, it on the first NOVA itself, now in our 2. …that the advent of Medium Scale What about software? Newquist digital areas (data communications and spread beyond its immediate customer would be Bob Noyce. He worked hard collection, a fair number of jumpers are Integration (MSI) integrated circuits (ICs) indicates that DG’s model was “here’s processing). There was also a brisk base, extending to a new generation of with us to develop Intel’s first seen to be in place—not unusual for the allowed for fewer components and the car, the tires will come later.” A market for the NOVA in the OEM product computer designers. Instead of Farrah semiconductor RAM chip, which was first iteration of a new machine. The interconnections overall, greatly rudimentary assembler and other about space, in which computers are Fawcett posters, for example, a certain used on the faster successor to the chassis could accommodate seven increasing reliability. five other utilities on paper tape came embedded into larger, higher-value high-school student in Los Gatos, NOVA, the SuperNOVA.” A new printed circuit boards and be populated with the original NOVA. Yet within a year, products. In turn, this expanded user California was said to be so delighted generation of computer designers now with either memory or I/O device Applying these principles required the NOVA shipping list had over 2,400 base supported the adoption of the with the machine that he had pictures admire deCastro and his NOVA team, controllers, allowing DG to pursue many working very closely with a local Printed items available: 1,800 hardware NOVA architecture, and Data General of it taped to his bedroom wall. That whose first machine now resides in the different markets. The large circuit Circuit Board (PCB) manufacturer, since options; 600 software options. DG also extended and refined the diversity of student, for whom the NOVA was more permanent historical collection of The boards contrasted with DEC’s “Flip boards of this size had rarely been employed what today we would term software applications, peripherals, and interesting than the latest Hollywood Computer Museum History Center. Chip” board designs, though the jury is made. The NOVA boards were double- “Just in Time” (JIT) assembly, or “mass models. The NOVA grew into a “line” of starlet, was Steve Wozniak. Even probably out as to which was more sided and 15-inches wide, and initially customization”: keeping low inventory computers, differentiated by specific accounting for the somewhat rarefied reliable: a small number of large boards did not fare well with the wave soldering (turnover was 10 x inventory per annum) improvements in memory speed or size, tastes of computer designers, this is an Dag Spicer is Curator & Manager of or a large number of small boards. The process used by volume manufacturers. and using modular assembly in which Historical Collections at The Computer expandability, and cost. impressive testament to the machine’s NOVA’s entire central processor was This was one of the toughest challenges pre-made sub-assemblies were kept on Museum History Center influence, as was the total production of contained on one of these 15-inch that Newquist and the vendor had to hand and put together into a complete As the NOVA family grew—including a all NOVAs and NOVA-variants, some boards, and the device technology was overcome in order to produce working machine only when a customer order single-chip implementation, the 50,000 machines. NOVA specifications and references >> Medium Scale Integration (MSI) TTL hardware. was placed. from Fairchild. PAGE 6 PAGE 7

RECENT FROM THE COLLECTION CHRIS GARCIA DONATIONS TO THE COMPUTER MUSEUM HISTORY CENTER COLLECTION PALM PILOT PROTOTYPE Amdahl 470 Nameplate (1975), X2052.2001, Gift of Bill Spangler result. While the machines were very management, and sound generation. Atari 800 System (1984), X2054.2001, advanced, making full use of The Palm Pilot, accompanied by its Gift of Rhoda and Larry Yelowitz technologies including wireless e-mail , Palm O/S, has

Burroughs L-9000 (1975), X1742.2001, and handwriting recognition, they failed created a vibrant community of hackers Gift of Redwood Lease to live up to sales predictions (one of and developers who seek to add still which called for one billion dollars in more functionality to the unit. Computer Control Company DDP-24 (1963), X2060.2001, Gift of Ron Rowe sales in 1993). After the failure of Palm Pilots face competition from those first machines, the future of the cellular telephone makers (Nokia, for Cray 2 Board (1984), X2042.2001, Gift of Geri Harrand handheld computing market was example) who seek to build Palm

Photo by David Pace, TCMHC #102621781 uncertain until Palm Computing Inc., functionality into their telephones. Cray 3 Module (1992), X2043.2001, Gift of Geri Harrand a division of U.S. Robotics, came out Concurrently, Palm is itself adding with its Palm Pilot "Connected cellular functionality to its devices, Cray 4 Board (1995), X2045.2001, Organizer" in 1996. as well as licensing its operatin system Gift of Geri Harrand to many companies to keep the market Cray 4 Module (1995), X2044.2001, Since the days of the mechanical The board shown here is the very first growing. This wide adoption highlights Gift of Geri Harrand calculator, people have been trying to hardware prototype of the Pilot the convergence of computing and Cray Y-MP EL (1992), X2095.2001, devise a computer small enough to handheld organizer, and was made in communications—one sure to redefine Loan of NASA Ames Research Center change the definition of "computer" the spring of 1995. The actual working human relationships, whether personal Data General NOVA 1200 (1973), X2067.2001, itself by packaging the functionality of a hardware on the board is nearly or professional. Gift of EMC Corporation/Data General Division desktop into handheld form. identical with production version units in Image taken from a NOVA/SUPER NOVA brochure Data General NOVA Serial Number One (1968), the Pilot 1000 and 5000 series, which Palm Pilot Prototype (1995), X2066.2001, Gift of EMC Corporation/ In the early 1990s, companies like Go shipped in the spring of 1996. The X1980.2000, Gift of Ron Marianetti Data General Division and Apple released machines that were design of the Pilot was based around DEC MicroVAX II (1979), X2069.2001, by far the most portable of their time. the 68328 Dragonball Data General NOVA 1200 (1973), X2067.2001, Loan of NASA Ames Research Center Gift of EMC Corporation/Data General Division These early PDAs (Personal Digital Processor. This is an embedded 32-bit Chris Garcia is Historical Collections DECstation 5000/133 (1993), X2070.2001, Assistants) were slow and expensive, CPU based on a 68000 CPU core with Coordinator at The Computer Museum Data General NOVA Serial Number One (1968), Loan of NASA Ames Research Center History Center X2066.2001, Gift of EMC Corporation/ promised more than they could deliver, integrated LCD controller, real-time Data General Division IBM 3480 Tape Drive (1983), X2092.2001, and suffered in the marketplace as a clock, timers, serial I/O, power ————————————— Gift of MontaVista Software

Technical specifications IBM PC Jr system (1983), X2053.2001, MTBF: approx. 5,500 hours Gift of Fred Waters

Architecture: Four accumulators (registers); two of Price: $3,950 basic unit (1968); $7,950 w/ 4K Jackson Dynamic Output Tube Tester (1943), which can be assigned as index registers core and Teletype interface X2065.2001, Gift of Scott Anderson AARON CREATES Software at time of introduction: BASIC, assembler, Power requirements: 400W SGI Personal Iris (1988), X2094.2001, math routines, floating-point interpreter, text editor Loan of NASA Ames Research Center These images from our photo archive document a painting called Primavera Technology: Medium-scale integration (MSI) TTL References/for further reading The Computer Museum History Center seeks in the Spring, and Harold Cohen Word Length: 16-bit www.dg.com/about/html/data_general_nova.html and accepts various types of computing-related coloring the image (1980). Cohen’s artifacts from hardware and software to Memory: 4,096 16-bit words; 20KB (max) within memorabilia, video footage, and documentation. robotic and artificial intelligence-based Fundamentals of Mini-Computer Programming, painting system, AARON, generated the cabinet; 32K (max), with external cabinet. Both core 1973, Data General # 093-000090-00, TCMHC If you would like to make a donation to the and ROM are available and can be mixed (ROM document #102622936 Museum, please visit our website for details at: design, a “turtle robot” (see back typically used in industrial control applications once http://www.computerhistory.org/donor or call cover) drew the lines with imperfections software has been developed in core or for user- (650) 604-2579. All donations must be approved in NOVA/SUPERNOVA Brochure, n.d., Data General, and subtleties emulating human art, defined routines) TCMHC document #102622937 advance by our collections committee. Thank you. and the image was colored in by hand. TCMHC Photo #102627460 I/O: Teletype, paper tape reader, paper tape punch, NOVA Price List, Effective: Dec 1, 1968, 1968, While the original wall-sized mural was plotter, printer, disk, general purpose wiring board Data General, TCMHC document #102622938 not moved from Boston, the painting (for customer-designed interfaces); 16-level event itself was recorded for posterity interrupt scheme, DMA supported NOVA 1220 Computer, Product Data Sheet, TCMHC document #102624096 in these images and Museum records. Memory Access Time: 1.6uS (625kHz) Several surviving smaller paintings of NOVA 800 Computer, Product Data Sheet, TCMHC AARON exist in the Museum’s Clock speed: approx. 1.5MHz document #102624095 permanent collection. Size: Rack-mount: 5 1/4” x 19” x 23” (HWD); NOVA 1200 Computer, Product Data Sheet, TCMHC Desktop 7” x 23” x 25” (HWD) document #102624093

TCMHC Photo #102627459 Weight: approx. 50 lbs NOVA 820 Computer, Product Data Sheet, TCMHC Package style: Desktop or rack-mount document #102624094 PAGE 8 PAGE 9

FROM THE COLLECTION CONTINUED

(far left) BEHEMOTH, the "Technomadic Adventure Platform" built by Steve Roberts, traveled more than 17,000 miles before it found a new home at THE The Computer Museum History Center. BEHEMOTH The helmet features a Private Eye display, ultra- sonic head-mouse sensor, fluid heat exchanger and headset with boom microphone.

Photo by David Pace, TCMHC #102621783 Photo by David Pace, TCMHC #102621746

BEHEMOTH, Big Electronic Human-Energized Machine...Only Too Heavy (1983-1991), L2003.2001, Loaned by Steve Roberts

After speaking at a Museum lecture on Sept 7, 2000, Steve Roberts presented BEHEMOTH to The Computer Museum History Center as a long-term loan

In the early 1980s, feeling trapped in alert police if the vehicle were INTEGRATED EQUIPMENT RUMP — Rear Unit of SPARCPACK · Bike power management hardware his suburban lifestyle, Steve Roberts disturbed. The helmet is perhaps the Many Purposes (aluminum case atop RUMP) · Two 15 amp-hour sealed lead-acid began to reevaluate his life. Roberts, a most futuristic-looking part of Console (forward enclosure under (white enclosure behind seat) · Sun SPARCstation IPC with 12MB batteries freelance technical writer who had BEHEMOTH, with its heads-up display, fiberglass hood) · Stereo System (Blaupunkt speakers, RAM and 424 MB disk · Security system pager published articles in magazines such as motion sensors for cursor control, · Macintosh 68K (control GUI and Yamaha 18W amp) · Sharp color active-matrix display · Canon bubble jet printer Byte, decided to tour the country on a lights, fluid heat exchanger to keep the primary workspace) · 10 GHz Microwave motion sensor · Motorola 9600-baud packet modem · Fluke digital multimeter recumbent bicycle of his own design, head cool, and audio system. A · Bicycle Control Processor (FORTH (security) · 10-watt solar panel · Mobile R&D lab, tools, parts, etc. the Winnebiko. During his trip, Roberts complete feature list is shown below. 68HC11) · UNGO physical motion sensor · Makita battery charger (for drill and made his living publishing stories and · Ampro 286 DOS platform for CAD (security) Trailer (WASU — Wheeled Auxiliary flashlight) writing a book as he went along, using Roberts logged over 17,000 miles on system · Rump Control Processor (FORTH Storage Unit) · Microfiche documentation and CD his on-board Radio Shack TRS-80 Model BEHEMOTH and gave hundreds of radio, · Toshiba 1000 repackaged laptop for 68HC11) · 72-watt Solarex photovoltaic array library 100 and a CompuServe account to e- television, and print interviews over the scrolling FAQ · Audio crosspoint network, bussed to (4.8 Amps at 12V) · Camping, video, camera, personal mail his stories to publishers. several years he was on the road. This · 80 MB hard disk space console · Qualcomm OmniTRACS satellite gear wide exposure points to BEHEMOTH · Audapter speech synthesizer · Ampro DOS core module for heads-up terminal · Fiberglass-over-cardboard composite After redesigning the bike (as Winnebiko as an important milestone in the · Speech recognition board display · Ham Radio station: structure II), Roberts went off in an entirely integration of technologies for · Trimble GPS satellite navigation · LED taillight controller · Icom 725 for HF · High-brightness LED taillight clusters different direction, devising BEHEMOTH recreational use, as well as a highly receiver · Motorola 9600-baud packet modem · Yaesu 290/790 for VHF and UHF (Big Electronic Human-Energized visible artifact of early wireless mobile · Audio and serial crosspoint switch for backpack link · AEA Television transceiver Bike and Frame-Mounted Machine...Only Too Heavy): a 580- networking. Roberts retired BEHEMOTH networks (homebrew) · 7-liter helmet-cooling tank and pump · Audio filtration and Magic Notch Components pound, 105-speed recumbent bicycle to begin a new project called the · PacComm packet TNC (VHF · Personal accessory storage · Antenna management and · Custom recumbent bicycle with a four-foot yellow trailer solar panel Microship. datacomm) · Air compressor for pneumatic system SWR/power meters · 105-speed transmission (7.9 - 122 array that allowed the incorporation of · MFJ 1278 for AMTOR (HF datacomm) · 15 amp-hour sealed lead-acid battery · Automatic CW keyer gear inches) many more technologies than on · Diagnostic tools (LED matrix, DPM, (1 of 3) · Outbacker folding dipole antenna · Pneumatically-deployed landing gear previous bikes. Roberts envisioned a etc) on yellow mast · Pneumatic controls, pressure tank, air project where a "computer and · Handlebar keyboard processor Helmet · Dual-band VHF/UHF antenna horn communication tools rendered physical · Ultrasonic head mouse controller · Reflection Technology Private Eye · Telebit CellBlazer high-speed modem · Hydraulic disk brake location irrelevant." BEHEMOTH sported · Icom 2-meter transceiver display · Oki cellular phone, repackaged and · Under-seat steering antennas for communication over · Radiation monitor · Ultrasonic head-mouse sensors integrated · Handlebar chord keyboard various amateur and public radio · Cordless phone and answering · Helmet lights (2) · Telular Celjack RJ-11 interface · CD player networks, several networked computers machine on RJ-11 bus · Life Support Systems heat exchanger · Credit card verifier for on-the-road (including an Apple Macintosh and an · Folding 6-segment aluminum console for head cooling sales More thorough details, along with Intel 386-based laptop), a special · Fiberglass fairing · Setcom headset with boom · Trailer Control Processor (FORTH information about Roberts’ Microship keypad on each bicycle handle to allow microphone 68HC11) project, may be found on the Nomadic typing, and a security system that would · Audio crosspoint network, bussed to Research Labs website: console http://www.microship.com PAGE 10 PAGE 11 FOCUS ON PEOPLE because he has “a lot of contacts, and understanding of the machine, but also [he] enjoys promoting the Museum at to our knowledge of the restoration CURRENT work or at conferences.” Dave brings 30 process.” Lee Courtney, the Museum’s DAVE BABCOCK years of project management experience “volunteer volunteer coordinator,” STAFF AND to his volunteer role at the Museum, credits Dave’s leadership for the VOLUNTEER RESTORING A HISTORICAL with skills in long-range strategic success of the restoration. “Dave planning and “people organization” as Babcock is like pennies from heaven OPENINGS PERSPECTIVE well as technical expertise. for an organization like The Computer Museum History Center,” says Lee. ELEANOR DICKMAN LEADING THE IBM 1620 RESTORATION “He has unlimited energy and really The Computer Museum History Center inspires other people through his offers a unique chance to help build a Dave’s lifelong fascination with the IBM infectious enthusiasm.” Lee most world-class Museum that will preserve 1620 (his first “hands-on” computer) appreciates the fact that Dave is “so and present information age artifacts led him to write an instruction simulator knowledgeable about issues, why the and stories for generations to come. for it on his Palm Pilot. His feat was technology is important, and how we We are actively seeking qualified, mentioned by Board Chairman Len should preserve it.” motivated, and talented people for the Shustek in a 1998 newspaper article, following positions: which was read by an original 1620 In spite of a demanding new job, Dave engineer, who suggested that the is overseeing the final aspects of the Museum restore its 1620. The idea 1620 restoration and still remains STAFF appealed to Dave, as long as the active in volunteer activities. He project would maintain “the historical describes his involvement with The Curator authenticity of the machine.” Dave Computer Museum History Center as wrote a formal proposal to The “what I do for me!” Like most Curator of Collections Computer Museum History Center, volunteers, he believes he gets “more Dave Babcock in front of the IBM 1620 he helped restore Events Coordinator volunteering to spearhead the project. out of it than I put into it. I feel privileged to be part of preserving Fund-Raising Assistant The computing history bug first bit Dave Dave most often expresses his Dave saw the project as a valuable way computing history.” He considers The Babcock at a dinner with Grace Hopper commitment to computing history in to develop important protocols about Computer Museum History Center to Office Assistant in July 1970. She handed him a terms of “collecting the stories, the restoration management and be “the only organization with the “nanosecond” (an 11.8” stretch of wire lessons learned, and why [pioneers] did documentation of the process. About breadth and depth of contacts to really Vice President of Facilities symbolizing the distance electricity what they did.” In some cases, he 24 people throughout the United States preserve computing history,” and says, and Logistics travels in a billionth of a second), and believes “this can be more important said they would be willing to help. Work “I really think we are in the best Director of Cybermuseum Exhibits he was hooked! But his fascination with than just saving physical artifacts, began in earnest in January 1999. A position to be a major force” in this computers – and later their restoration because the world is run by people.” core team of about eight engineers arena. Concludes Lee, “Dave is a pillar For detailed information about these job and preservation – began with his first Dave enjoys being a docent for The actually did the hands-on work, while of the Museum, in terms of making us opportunities and how to apply, access to an IBM 1620 as a 14-year-old Computer Museum History Center others scanned manuals, collected a world-class institution that knows how please visit our website at honors math student. “It electrified because he “gets to learn the stories. It needed parts and documentation, and to preserve the history of computing.” www.computerhistory.org/jobs me,” Dave recalls, “and I knew this was is even more special because pieces of worked on the web page. The group the field I wanted to be in.” their story are also my story.” committed to spending a full Saturday every other week “for as long as it Eleanor Dickman is Vice President of His first book about computers was on The software development engineer took.” Development & Public Relations at VOLUNTEER The Computer Museum History Center 1620 computing, and was written by (now with Hewlett Packard after 10 Technical Research & Fred Gruenberger, a professor at San years at Silicon Graphics) says he is As the project has progressed, the Reference Team member Fernando Valley State College (later Cal “always on the computer. My wife can collection of items related to the 1620 State Northridge). Dave later enrolled in never tell if I’m doing work or enjoying has grown: four file cabinets with a Office organization and Fred’s senior-level computing class. “I my hobby.” His commitment to preserve “pretty complete set” of software from systems support could have gotten into hot water history gives him perspective in his a retired Purdue professor, a console because I was a freshman,” he admits, work. “You work in the industry, develop typewriter, books on 1620 architecture Visible Storage Exhibit Area “but I did well in the class, so [my a revolutionary thing. Five years later, from England, and many personal renovation team member professor] didn’t complain.” Dave’s it’s old technology, and five years after accounts. Components that are relationship with Fred grew: first that it is thrown away.” He stresses the replaced are marked in red within the For detailed information about these assisting with writing one book, co- need to be aware of the lifespan of machine, so that it is absolutely clear and other volunteer opportunities, authoring another, and then innovations and ways in which they what has been changed. Lacking original please visit our website at collaborating on publishing a magazine evolve. This gives him “the ability to see peripherals, the team built emulators, www.computerhistory.org/volunteers on popular computing. It was Fred who trends, the big picture…” pioneering a new technology in support or call Karyn Wolfe. introduced Dave to the legendary of restoration. And through it all, the Hopper, and a new kind of history was On the other hand, his professional team has kept a detailed log that Dave about to begin. career has helped him serve The describes as “what we did and what we Computer Museum History Center learned — adding not only to the PAGE 12 PAGE 13 REPORT ON MUSEUM ACTIVITIES KAREN MATHEWS

Karen Mathews is Executive Vice President at The Computer Museum History Center

Fran Allen, for her contributions to program Vinton Cerf, for his contributions to the creation Fran Allen signs poster for Peter Nurkse, with Fran Allen on the Stretch-HARVEST: “No project optimization and compiling for parallel computers and growth of the Internet Museum staff John Toole and Karen Mathews happens in isolation — even one labeled ‘top in background secret’ as this one was at the time. The people and institutions involved, the political climate, and the shared knowledge, views, and value systems FELLOW AWARDS 2000 – VOLUNTEERS AT WORK AND PLAY LECTURES PRESENT STORIES OF THE all contributed to making this an interesting project AN EVENING TO REMEMBER It is largely through the generous help INFORMATION AGE at an interesting time in the history of computing.” Over 300 entrepreneurs, computer of our volunteers that the Museum is The Museum’s lecture program is an scientists, business leaders, 2000 FELLOW able to operate and sustain its growing important way to present and preserve academics, and other supporters of activities. A number of volunteers have the personal stories behind information computer history attended the AWARD expressed how much they enjoy getting age developments. Since CORE 1.3, the prestigious Fellow Awards on November RECIPIENTS together to work with artifacts, at Museum has held four lectures: 9, 2000 at the Hotel Sofitel San events, etc. Francisco Bay, to celebrate the On November 8, 2000, the eve of our achievements of Fran Allen, Vint Cerf, Volunteer coordinator (and volunteer Fellow Awards, new Fellow Frances E. and Tom Kilburn. Internet impresario extraordinaire) Lee Courtney arranged a “Fran” Allen, Senior Technical Tom Kilburn for his contributions to early computer Peter Hirshberg was the master of design including random access digital storage, different kind of volunteer get-together Consultant, IBM Research’s Solutions ceremonies and entertained the crowd , and multiprogramming in December: an exclusive tour of the and Services – and the first woman to with his visions of “Digiland,” a enigmatic Blue Cube. The Blue Cube – a be named an IBM Fellow – spoke on the memorable – yet fictional – plan to turquoise structure located on Onizuka 1956 “Stretch-HARVEST Compiler,” at Java creator James Gosling complement the Museum’s new Air Station’s 23 acres between the George Pake Auditorium, Xerox Palo building. Also on stage were futurist Sunnyvale and Mountain View – is a Alto Research Center. The lecture was Paul Saffo, Board Chairman Len Silicon Valley landmark, yet few people co-hosted by the Institute for Women Shustek, CEO & Executive Director John know what happens there, and an aura and Technology (www.iwt.org). C. Toole, introducers Gerald Estrin and of mystery surrounds it. It is one of two Anita Borg, and 2000 Fellows Fran Allen satellite-command and control centers Fellow and VP James and Vint Cerf. Fellow Tom Kilburn was for US military satellite and shuttle Gosling spoke to an audience of over unable to attend the event in person missions. About 25 Museum volunteers 200 on January 9, 2001, with personal and delivered a moving speech via video in two separate groups got a mission stories on the origin and development from the Museum of Science and briefing from commanding officers, and of Java, a programming revolution that, Industry in Manchester, U.K., where he a tour of the facilities. Several people among other things, converted static powered up the historic Manchester who attended announced that it was web pages into interactive, dynamic, Photo by David Pace, TCMHC #102621748 Baby – over 50 years after its first “very cool.” animated documents bolstered by successful run in June 1948. The event distributed, platform-independent was sponsored by 1185 Design, From left to right: Trustee Peter Hirshberg, Award Emcee and Trustee Peter Hirshberg’s Digiland The Volunteer Steering committee (VSC) applications. Citigate Cunningham, CRN, and Mid- presenter Gerald Estrin, 2000 Fellow Vint Cerf, Resort concept with Bugland, Ventureland, is identifying and coordinating activities Peninsula Bank. Executive Director and CEO John Toole, Trustee Obsolete Square, Memory Lane, the Carousel of to increase participation and promote On January 23, 2001, Cray Inc. chief Chairman Len Shustek CEOs, Etherland and Marketingland challenging and productive projects for scientist and former Tera Computer co- This Star7 (*7) early Java artifact is in The Computer Museum History Center collection volunteers working with staff. The VSC founder and Chief Scientist Burton and staff are also working on a Smith described the evolution, volunteer handbook. A schedule of innovations, and disasters that workdays for the year 2001 is published accompanied the development of on the Museum’s website, and watch hardware and software for the 1980s for more social activities in the groundbreaking Denelcor HEP. The HEP upcoming year as well. was the first commercial system designed to apply multiple processors PAGE 14 PAGE 15 REPORT ON MUSEUM NEW BUILDING PLANS ACTIVITIES KIRSTEN TASHEV CONTINUED

Illustrations by Ian Espinoza

Cray Inc. chief scientist The Denelcor HEP was a uniform shared memory multiprocessor that used NASA commissioned these concept drawings of the NASA Research Park. Burton Smith fine-grain multithreading to tolerate memory latency, synchronization The Computer Museum History Center’s future site is located just to the latency, and even functional unit latency. Six systems were delivered to right (or south) of the large dirigible hangar. customers during the years 1981-1985. to a single computation, and the first to OPERATIONS ITEMS NEEDED indication of extraordinary support, and The Museum’s efforts are well Museum is a good fit for the campus The Museum is also beginning a search have multithreaded CPUs. Smith, People occasionally ask for a list of we are devoted to achieving our underway to create a new and worthy because “NASA’s roots in information for an appropriately dynamic and primary HEP architect and Denelcor’s items we need for use in Museum ambitious goals for the rest of the year. home in which to fulfill its mission—to technology are linked to some of the innovative exhibition design team. We Vice President of Research and operations. Here are some choice Please call Eleanor Dickman if you preserve and present for posterity the most significant accomplishments we are conducting an interview and Development from 1981 to 1985, also items from our list. As always, we will would like to make a donation or artifacts and stories of the information have seen in the history of computing.” proposal process during February and designed part of the HEP’s hardware, appreciate your help. upgrade your gift by June 30. age. This fall, after many years of The Museum will contribute to the March 2001, so that an exhibit design including the interconnection network, planning, the Museum embarked on a quality of the Research Park “through firm can begin concurrently with the and funded the development of Panel van—for moving artifacts The Annual Fund keeps the Museum formal process to develop and design a its historical artifacts and cyberspace architectural team in April 2001. Our automatic parallelizing compilers for vibrant and enables us to fulfill our new 112,000 square foot world-class access and provide an important approach is to have the architectural Digital camera and lighting equipment the system. important mission as we steadfastly exhibition and research facility. The new research tool for scientists, in addition and exhibit design teams work closely —to photograph artifacts and people work toward the construction of an building will not only house our to building world-class exhibits in its together so that the exterior and interior David Stork, chief scientist at Ricoh DVD recording equipment that exciting, new world-class facility – YOUR extensive collection but serve as a outreach to Silicon Valley and building designs will inform each other Silicon Valley’s California Research interfaces to other devices new Museum. John Toole has spoken of forum to communicate and collect throughout the world.” and create a seamless and fully- Center and consulting associate all the programs, activities, and new computer history through permanent integrated environment for our visitors. professor of electrical engineering at Video and sound equipment for directions we are pursuing in the coming and temporary exhibitions, lectures, Last October, when the Museum began Stanford University, delivered an informal, high-quality recording years. And, we’re planning to break special educational programs, and a soliciting qualifications for the new In thinking about how the architecture of absorbing presentation on February 6, ground for our new landmark museum in multi-media research library. building from top architectural firms, the our new building could manifest or 2001 on “The HAL 9000 Computer and Portable, high-lumen LCD projector for 2003! Trustees and some generous response was very enthusiastic, reflect the history of computing, many the Vision of 2001: A Space Odyssey.” communicating ideas individuals have already made In three to five years, the Museum’s resulting in proposals from 10 firms, wild and wonderful thoughts have come He illustrated the talk with clips from Color laser printer (HP4050 or 4500) significant leadership gifts to both our permanent facility will be located in the many with extensive experience to mind. We ask ourselves, “How could Arthur C. Clarke’s 1968 epic film, new building and the Annual Fund, but new NASA Research Park near historic developing other new museum a building say something about “2001: A Space Odyssey,” and its BETA/SP to VHS video duplicating they, and we, need your support as well. Hangar One, as part of its partnership institutions. Upon reviewing the computing: past, present, and future?” central character, the HAL 9000 machine Special thanks to all of the donors who with the NASA Ames Research Center. submitted materials according to Can the building’s architecture computer, which could speak, reason, donate to the Museum each year at the NASA is working to establish a high- specific selection criteria, the Museum’s communicate our story abstractly by see, play chess, plan, and express EVERY GIFT MAKES A DIFFERENCE “Core Supporter” level of $1,024 (1K) caliber, shared-use, research and Building Committee invited six firms to drawing inspiration from binary code, emotions. Stork examined the areas An encouraging stream of donations or above. Thank you for your development campus in conjunction with interview in early January 2001. After circuit boards, punched cards, or where “reality” either exceeded or fell flowed into the Museum in December commitment, and for all your help to local communities, involving careful consideration, the Museum has perhaps more literally by taking on the short of the HAL vision. Stork is the and January, as supporters across the get friends and colleagues involved. partnerships with government, asked EHDD Architecture, San physical shape of say a disc platter, creator of “2001: HAL’s Legacy,” a country responded generously to our You are our partners in this pace- academia, private industry, and non- Francisco, CA; Michael Maltzan supercomputer, or vacuum tube? forthcoming television documentary for year-end Annual Fund appeal. Personal setting venture. It’s going to be an profit organizations. NASA Ames Architecture, Los Angeles, CA; and PBS television. donations are already 20% above the exciting journey. Research Center Director Henry William McDonough + Partners, total gifts received from individuals last McDonald says that he is “pleased to Charlottesville, VA, to participate in an Kirsten Tashev is Building & Exhibits To add your name to the e-mail lecture welcome [the] important collaboration” architectural competition from which Project Manager at The Computer Museum year, and we are three quarters of the History Center announcement list, please send a way through the fiscal year ending June of NASA and the Museum to the NASA we will select a winner in April 2001 request to: [email protected] 30. December’s results are an exciting Research Park. He indicates that the and promptly thereafter begin schematic design. PAGE 16 PAGE 17 THANKS TO OUR ANNUAL FUND DONORS CONTACT UPCOMING EVENTS We acknowledge with Peggy Burke J S Kilby Robert & Carrie Zeidman Michael Godfrey Robert Praetorius deep appreciation the Walter M Carlson Jerry & Judy Klein Cindy & Peter Ziebelman Gary M Goelkel Mark Resch INFORMATION PLEASE RSVP FOR ALL EVENTS AND ACTIVITIES individuals and Ned Chapin Dr & Mrs Leonard Kleinrock Eli Goldberg David Richey organizations that Bruce & Gail Chizen Donald & Jill Knuth GENERAL SUPPORTERS Bert Graeve Frederic Ricquebourg have given generously Patti & Ed Cluss Lucio Lanza Reesa Abrams Georgia R Grant & Paul V Atkins Kathleen L Rydar to the Annual Fund. CMP Media Inc Kenneth Larsen Allan Alcorn E Michael Greenawalt Gordon Saint Clair The Computer Language Laura & Gary Lauder John Amos Joe Gross Rita Seplowitz Saltz JOHN TOOLE THU, MARCH 8, 6 PM THURS, OCTOBER 11, 6 PM CORE BENEFACTORS Company Inc. Marc LeBrun Melissa Anderson Rolin Harding John & Christine Sanguinetti Executive Director & CEO 16K+ ($16,384+) Stephen Crocker Richard Lowenthal Milt Mallory & Mary Artibee Ann Hardy Stephen Savitsky THE DARTMOUTH WORKSHOP AND ITS FROM SMALLTALK TO SQUEAK Gwen & C Gordon Bell William & Sonja Davidow Ron Marianetti The Dennis & Janet Austin Fund John & Andrea Hennessy Fritz Schneider +1 650 604 2581 Steve Blank & Alison Elliott Lloyd & Eleanor Dickman Karen Mathews Autodesk Inc. Thea Hodge Marge Sentous [email protected] IMMEDIATE CONSEQUENCES: THE Dan Ingalls, Walt Disney Imagineering Andrea Cunningham Whitfield Diffie & Robert R Maxfield Charles Bachman Dave & Sharon Hoyt Matthew Shafer ORIGINS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE NASA Ames Main Auditorium Elaine & Eric Hahn Mary Lynn Fischer Frank L McConnell David H Bailey IEEE Computer Society Chris Sheedy & Marsha Brewer Gardner Hendrie & L John Doerr & Ann Howland Charles McManis Ross Bassett Santa Clara Valley Chapter Robert Sherwood Museum Fellow John McCarthy, Moffett Field, CA Karen Johansen Les Earnest Tom Melcher Allen Baum & Donya White Sam Ismail Prashanth Shitikond AMY BODINE David & Karla House David T Emerson George A Michael Sandy & Ann Benett Tom Jennings Jean Shuler Collections Intern Stanford University Steven & Michele Chris Espinosa Gordon E & Betty I Moore Paul Berry Luanne Johnson Dan & Karon Siewiorek Kirsch Foundation Thelma & Gerald Estrin Ike & Ronee Nassi Paolo Bormida Suzanne M Johnson David Singmaster +1 650 604 2577 NASA Ames Main Auditorium TUES, OCTOBER 23 John Mashey & Angela Hey Gordon E Eubanks Jim & Stephanie Nisbet Douglas Brentliner Laurel & Ray Kaleda Alan Jay Smith [email protected] Moffett Field, CA FELLOW AWARDS BANQUET Grant & Dorrit Saviers Fish & Richardson Hal Nissley John D Brillhart Mark Kaminsky Steven Stepanek John & Sheree Shoch Tracey Stewart & Raymond Ozzie & Frederick Brooks Jordin Kare Bob Supnik Fairmont Hotel, San Jose, CA Len Shustek Barry J Folsom Dawna Bousquet Dennis & Jan Carter Randy Katz Edward Taft LEE COURTNEY Bob Frankston Charles Pfefferkorn Mihir Kumar Choudhary Steven Klooster Larry Tesler & Colleen Barton Volunteer Coordinator SAT, APRIL 14, 9AM – 5 PM MAJOR CORE Fujitsu Microelectronics Paul Pierce Richard J Clayton Eric Korpela Edward Thelen [email protected] SUPPORTERS Samuel H Fuller Bill & Rochelle Pratt Paul L Comey John Kowaleski Frank Tobin VOLUNTEER WORK PARTY THURS, NOVEMBER 8, 6PM 8K+ ($8,192+) Robert B Garner Dennis Ritchie Compaq Computer Corporation Thomas Kurtz James Tomayko Bldg 126, Moffett Field, CA QUESTIONS ANSWERED Paul & Evelyn Baran The Bill & Melinda Gates Toni & Arthur Rock George Comstock Michael A Lambert Fritz & Nomi Trapnell ELEANOR WEBER DICKMAN Donna Dubinsky Foundation David & Jan Rossetti Jefferson Connell Grayson & David Lane Christopher Vogt Vice President of Development & Public Relations Donald Knuth, Professor Emeritus, J Burgess Jamieson Charles & Nancy Geschke Saal Family Foundation Samuel Cooke David A Laws Susan B Wageman Sheldon Laube & Nancy Engel Charles Giancarlo Jean Sammet R. T. Coslet Debbie Lienhart Bud Warashina +1 650 604 2575 WED, APRIL 18, 6 PM Stanford University Microsoft Matching Gifts John Grillos Peter & Valerie Samson Michael Coulter Fred Loewy Forrest Warthman [email protected] Program Robert & Marion Grimm Morey & Barbara Schapira Peter & Dorothy Denning Thomas P Lojacono Michael W Watson THE INTERNET: 21ST CENTURY NASA Ames Main Auditorium Bernard L Peuto Forrest Gunnison Robert Shaw Frank Dietrich Carl & Claudia Lowenstein Michael Weaver TIDAL WAVE Moffett Field, CA Sigma Partners Trip Hawkins Michael Simmons Mark Duncan Walter Main John Wharton WENDY-ANN FRANCIS Pierluigi Zappacosta & William R Hearst III Charles Simonyi John Dykstra John Maloney & Roxanne Duane Wise Office Administrator Museum Fellow Vinton Cerf, Enrique D’Ettorre The Kenneth Lafferty Hess Michael Skok Ray Egan Guilhamet Maloney Karyn Wolfe & John R Mabry +1 650 604 5205 Family Foundation Alvy Ray Smith John Ehrman Kenrick Mock Anthony J Wood MCI WorldCom CORE SUPPORTERS Stephen & Diana Hill Steven & Kim Sommer Maria B & Bob O Evans Jeff Moffatt Jim Work [email protected] 1K+ ($1,024 Chuck & Jenny House Tom Stepian & Carolyn Rogers Simon & Amy Favre J Craig Mudge Alan Yeo NASA Ames Main Auditorium ATTENDING EVENTS AND TOURING John Humble Sun Microsystems Marilee Niemi Dr John G Zabolitzky Pamela Alexander Bill Feiereisen CHRIS GARCIA Moffett Field, CA THE COLLECTION Frances Allen Colin Hunter Del Thorndike & Steve Teicher David H Floyd Landon Noll Historical Collections Coordinator Shanda Bahles Matthew B Ives Marty & Bonnie Tenenbaum Jerry Fochtman Mike & Betsy Noonen This information is current as The Museum is housed at NASA Ames John & Sheila Banning C Bradford Jeffries Richard Tennant Bill & Peri Frantz David Novak of February 25, 2001. +1 650 604 2572 Craig & Barbara Barrett Craig Jensen John & Elizabeth Toole Barbara & Joseph Fredrick Dave Olson Please notify us of any changes [email protected] SAT, MAY 12, 9AM – 5 PM Research Center in Moffett Field, California. Erich & Renee Bloch Jump Start-Up Communications Paul S Winalski Dwight Freund James L Paulos to your listing Barry W Boehm Jerry Kaplan William Wulf & Anita K Jones Bandit Gangwere Scott Peterson ([email protected]). VOLUNTEER WORK PARTY The collection is open to the general public Gary Boone Alan Kay & Bonnie MacBird John & Rosemary Young George Glaser Michael Pittoro Thank you. KAREN MATHEWS Bldg 126, Moffett Field, CA by appointment on Wednesdays and Fridays Jerry Brenholz Ernest E Keet Albert Y Yu Bob & Dee Glorioso Antonio Elder Prado Executive Vice President +1 650 604 2568 at 1:00 pm. Donors and groups may also [email protected] MON, JUNE 4, 6 PM request private tours. YOUR ANNUAL DONATION to The Computer Museum History Center will ANNUAL FUND APPEAL RETROSPECTIVE Is your name on our list of Annual Fund DAG SPICER help preserve the artifacts and stories of the Information Age for future generations. Curator & Manager of Historical Collections Chuck Thacker & Butler Lampson, Microsoft To attend an event or to tour the collection, Please help us fulfill this important mission. donors? If so, you are one of a select +1 650 604 2578 NASA Ames Main Auditorium please call Wendy-Ann Francis at least group of people who appreciates the [email protected] Moffett Field, CA 24 hours in advance. CORE BENEFACTOR YES, I want to help save computing history. Please process my donation impact of the computing revolution on JULIE STEIN at the level indicated. I look forward to learning more about the programs ____ other $ ______our lives today. You also take pride in Executive Assistant FRI, JUNE 15 – SAT, JUNE 16 and activities of The Computer Museum History Center, especially its plans +1 650 604 5145 DEC RETROSPECTIVE VOLUNTEER OPPORTUNITIES ____ 16K ($16,384) for growth in the coming years. your own role in ensuring that this [email protected] history of innovation is preserved for A symposium featuring panel discussions, The Museum tries to match its needs with KIRSTEN TASHEV exhibits, and opportunities to network the skills and interests of its volunteers. MAJOR CORE SUPPORTER ____ Enclosed is my check payable to: posterity. We are grateful for your Building & Exhibits Project Manager and reminisce featuring Gordon Bell, Alan Monthly work parties are listed in the ____ The Computer Museum History Center generosity and support. And if your ____ 8K ($8,192) +1 650 604 2580 Kotok, Ed Kramer, Bernie Lacroute, Grant calendar and generally occur on the 2nd [email protected] ____ I prefer to donate stock and will notify you when the transfer is made name is not on this list, we welcome Saviers, Ed Schein, Bob Supnik and others. Saturday of each month. For more CORE SUPPORTER ____ Charge my Visa _____ Mastercard _____ your contribution and will be delighted BETSY TOOLE Location TBD information, please visit our volunteer web to add your name to our roster. You Hospitality & Facilities Support page at www.computerhistory.org/volunteers. ____ 4K ($4,096) Visa/Mastercard number ______+1 650 604 2567 may use the form on this page to join [email protected] ____ 2K ($2,048) Expiration date ______our family of donors. Thank you! ____ 1K ($1,024) Cardholder’s name ______KARYN WOLFE Development Coordinator & Special Projects Manager Cardholder’s signature ______STOCK DONATIONS +1 650 604 2570 GENERAL SUPPORTER We gratefully accept direct transfers of [email protected] PLEASE PRINT: ____ $500 securities to our account. Appreciated

Name(s) as I/we like it to appear in printed material THE COMPUTER MUSEUM HISTORY CENTER TCMHC Photo #102618937 (P924) ____ $250 securities forwarded to our broker Building T12-A ______should be designated as follows: ____ $100 Moffett Field, CA 94035 +1 650 604 2579 Affiliation ______$35 (student) FBO: The Computer Museum History +1 650 604 2594 (fax) Title ______DEC’s beginnings lay in producing small logic ____ other $ ______Center; DWR Account # 112-014033- or modules like this engineer is adjusting here. Preferred mailing address ______THE COMPUTER MUSEUM HISTORY CENTER 072; DTC #015; and sent to Matthew PO Box 367, Moffett Field, CA 94035 City, ST, Zip, Country ______Ives at Morgan Stanley Dean Witter, Please return this form (or facsimile) with your remittance to: (please circle) work home 245 Lytton Avenue, Suite 200, Palo WWW.COMPUTERHISTORY.ORG Alto, CA 94301-1963. The Computer Museum History Center Email address ______P.O. Box 367 Moffett Field, CA 94035 Home phone ______In order to be properly credited for +1 650 604 2575 (tel) +1 650 604 2594 (fax) Work phone ______your gift, you must notify us directly www.computerhistory.org when you make the transfer. If you have any questions regarding a WELCOME to our network of supporters. We look forward to getting to know you! transfer of securities, please contact Eleanor Dickman. CORE 2.1 MYSTERY ITEMS FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE COMPUTER MUSEUM HISTORY CENTER

THE ROBOTIC TURTLE

Explained from CORE 1.4 Turtle Robot for the AARON AI Paint System (1976), X50.82, Gift of Harold Cohen

Harold Cohen developed this “drawing where Cohen did much of the normally be associated with human- turtle” in 1976 as part of his robotic development on the software and the drawn lines. Cohen presented the and artificial intelligence-based painting turtle. The works created by AARON and AARON system at an art exhibition at system, AARON. A leading British the turtle represent one of the earliest the Museum of Modern Art in San abstract artist of the 1960s, Cohen interactions between the arts and Francisco in 1979. In later years, the discovered computers in 1968, while a computer science. Tate Gallery in London and The visiting professor at the University of Computer Museum in Boston showed California, San Diego. He began working The 5" x 71⁄2" by 7" wheeled device the turtle in action and displayed on proposals for research in the area of used a pen to draw on large sheets of several of Cohen’s pieces. In the early computer-generated art, one of which paper with sonar devices at each corner 1990s, Cohen created instructions that reached Professor Ed Feigenbaum at to help track location. Cohen intended allowed AARON to paint in color, and Stanford University. Feigenbaum brought the lines the turtle drew to be retired the turtle in favor of a small Cohen to the Stanford artificial imperfect, with subtleties that would robot arm. intelligence labs in the early 1970s,

Please send your best guess to WHAT IS [email protected] before 04/15/01 along with your name and THIS? shipping address. The first three correct THIS ITEM WILL BE EXPLAINED IN THE entries will each receive a free poster: NEXT ISSUE OF CORE. COMPUTER CHRONOLOGY – THE EMERGENCE OF THE INFORMATION AGE

Photo by David Pace, TCMHC #102621782

NONPROFIT ORG The Computer Museum History Center U.S. POSTAGE PO Box 367, Moffett Field, CA 94035 PAID MOUNTAIN VIEW, CA PERMIT NO. 50 Address Service Requested