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VTT Technology 379: the Future of Forest-Based Bioeconomy Areas

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VTT Technology 379: the Future of Forest-Based Bioeconomy Areas The Future of Forest-based Bioeconomy Areas Strategic openings in Uruguay and the WorldVTT by 2050 TECHNOLOGY This Technology Report is the result of a foresight study applying 3 7 9 an action roadmapping approach to key forest-based bioeconomy areas (FBAs). The following outcomes offer a big picture overview of the nature, volume and strategic importance of the report: • systematic analysis of five FBAs: Forest management, Mechanical wood processing, Fibre-based biomaterials processing, Biorefining, and Bioenergy; • mapping of global FBA actors, industries and top ten future industry foci for Uruguay, as well as eight other benchmark countries: Finland, Sweden, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Chile and Brazil; • identification of 300+ critical issues (barriers, drivers, opportunities and threats), followed by their assessment and prioritisation, which led to the identification of top 15 critical/policy issues and top 15 opportunity areas; • better understanding of the state-of-the-art of the global and Finnish forest-based bioeconomy as well as the strategic goals of 200+ global value network (GVN) actors, which helped to define some 100+ research, education, innovation and regulation needs and aspirations of key FBA players; • sharedThe visionFuture for key FBAs, of together Forest-based with 15 opportunity Bioecono m y... pathways (OP) or strategic openings for Uruguay and the World; supported by a robust advice framing process consisting of five action roadmaps by FBA with some 511 recommendations The Future of Forest-based structured around their main implementation dimensions and timeframes. Bioeconomy Areas Strategic openings in Uruguay and the World by 2050 ISBN 978-951-38-8739-1 (Soft back ed.) ISBN 978-951-38-8737-7 Rafael Popper | Nina Rilla | Klaus Niemelä | ISSN-L 2242-1211 Juha Oksanen | Matthias Deschryvere | ISSN 2242-1211 (Print) ISSN 2242-122X (Online) Matti Virkkunen | Torsti Loikkanen DOI: 10.32040/2242-122X.2020.T379 VTT TECHNOLOGY 379 VTT TECHNOLOGY 379 The Future of Forest-based Bioeconomy Areas Strategic openings in Uruguay and the World by 2050 Rafael Popper, Nina Rilla, Klaus Niemelä, Juha Oksanen, Matthias Deschryvere & Matti Virkkunen VTT Oy Torsti Loikkanen Sapar ISBN 978-951-38-8739-1 (Soft back ed.) ISBN 978-951-38-8737-7 VTT Technology 379 ISSN-L 2242-1211 ISSN 2242-1211 (Print) ISSN 2242-122X (Online) DOI: 10.32040/2242-122X.2020.T379 Copyright © VTT 2020 JULKAISIJA – PUBLISHER VTT PL 1000 02044 VTT Puh. 020 722 111 https://www.vtt.fi VTT P.O. Box 1000 FI-02044 VTT, Finland Tel. +358 20 722 111 https://www.vttresearch.com PunaMusta Oy, Helsinki 2020 Preface The Future of Forest-based Bioeconomy Areas publication is an example of Euro- pean foresight practice being applied to a Latin American context in a way that local stakeholders feel co-owners and co-producers of project results. Evidence of such are the official 2018 and 2019 bioeconomy reports, pictured below and published by the Office of Planning and Budget of the Presidency of Uruguay (OPP), which include several translations to Spanish of interim and final deliverables. OPP 2018 Publication OPP 2019 Publication (based on VTT Progress Report) (based on VTT Final Report) 3 Final results of the project were delivered to OPP in January 2019 with the intention of organising a public event to present a printed version of this report to a large audience with multiple stakeholders. However, due to the 2019 presidential elec-tions and the winds of change in Uruguay’s political landscape, the launching of the report was not possible at the time. Now, considering the current Covid-19 environ-ment and the restrictions to business related trips, at VTT we have decided to make this final deliverable available in PDF version. We believe in the importance of the anticipated and recommended visions, opportunities, strategies, policies, regula-tions and action roadmaps for the future of the forest-based bioeconomy areas. Therefore, the VTT team will be ready to support the implementation of the 15 iden-tified action roadmaps, either in Uruguay or anywhere in the world. Dr. Rafael Popper Project Leader 4 Contents Preface ................................................................................................................... 3 Key Highlights ....................................................................................................... 8 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 9 1.1 On the FBA-Uruguay project ..................................................................... 9 1.1.1 Project rationales and objectives ................................................... 9 1.1.2 Project methodology and process ................................................ 10 1.1.3 Project results and way forward ................................................... 13 1.2 On forest-based bioeconomy areas (FBA) .............................................. 15 1.2.1 Concepts and definitions .............................................................. 16 1.2.2 Economic importance ................................................................... 19 1.2.3 Drivers, barriers, opportunities and threats .................................. 21 2. Mapping key FBAs in the world ................................................................... 27 2.1 Description of FBAs and experts’ appraisal of their potential .................. 28 2.1.1 FBA 1: Forest management ......................................................... 29 2.1.2 FBA 2: Mechanical wood processing ........................................... 30 2.1.3 FBA 3: Fibre-based biomaterial processing ................................. 33 2.1.4 FBA 4: Biorefining ........................................................................ 35 2.1.5 FBA 5: Bioenergy ......................................................................... 39 2.2 Factiva Global News analysis ................................................................. 41 2.2.1 On the Factiva data ...................................................................... 41 2.2.2 On the analysis of key actors ....................................................... 42 2.2.3 Key findings of the Factiva news analysis .................................... 45 2.3 Mapping Critical Issues (CI) shaping the future of the FBAs ................... 46 2.3.1 Selecting Critical Issues (CI) ........................................................ 47 2.3.2 Critical Issues Survey in Uruguay and peer countries .................. 50 2.3.3 Assessment of Critical Issues ...................................................... 52 3. Mapping of global value networks ............................................................... 55 3.1 R&D&I in forest-based bioeconomy ........................................................ 55 3.2 Products and value chains in Finnish forest-based bioeconomy ............. 59 3.3 Finnish forest-based bioeconomy innovations and businesses ............... 61 3.4 State-of-the-art of the forest-based bioeconomy ..................................... 68 3.5 Global Value chains in Forest-based bioeconomy .................................. 73 3.5.1 FBA 1: Forest management ......................................................... 74 3.5.2 FBA 2: Mechanical wood processing ........................................... 81 3.5.3 FBA 3: Pulp-paper / new biomaterial production chain ................ 89 3.5.4 FBA 4: Biorefining for chemicals and energy products............... 102 3.5.5 FBA 5: Bioenergy ....................................................................... 108 3.6 Forest industry in benchmark countries ................................................. 118 3.6.1 Finland ....................................................................................... 118 5 3.6.2 Sweden ...................................................................................... 121 3.6.3 New Zealand .............................................................................. 122 3.6.4 Australia ..................................................................................... 125 3.6.5 Canada ...................................................................................... 126 3.6.6 South Africa ............................................................................... 128 3.6.7 Brazil .......................................................................................... 130 3.6.8 Chile ........................................................................................... 132 3.7 Current FBA value networks in Uruguay ............................................... 134 3.8 Forest- and wood-based products ......................................................... 140 4. Visions for forest-based bioeconomy areas in Uruguay ......................... 144 4.1 Overall vision for the forest-based bioeconomy in Uruguay .................. 144 4.2 Visions by forest-based bioeconomy areas (FBAs) ............................... 144 5. Strategies, policies, regulations and action roadmaps for the future .... 146 5.1 Public policies in transition towards forest-based bioeconomy .............. 146 5.2 MLP framework and public policies for bioeconomy transitions ............ 148 5.3 Common strategies and policies of the forest-based bioeconomy ........ 154 5.3.1 Bioeconomy strategy of the European Union ............................. 154 5.3.2 Examples of national bioeconomy strategies and policies ......... 155 5.3.3 Examples of country comparisons in bioeconomy
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