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1956 Counter-Revolution in Hungary - Words and Weapons
Janos Berecz 1956 Counter-Revolution in Hungary - Words and Weapons - Akademiai Kiado, Budapest 1986 Translated from the second, enlarged and revised edition of Ellenforradalom tollal es fegyverrel 1956. Published by Kossuth Konyvkiado, Budapest, 1981 Translated by Istvan Butykay Translation revised by Charles Coutts ISBN 963 05 4370 2 © Akademiai Kiado, Budapest 1986 Printed in Hungary Contents Preface 7 Chapter 1. Hungary and the International Situation before 1956 9 Chapter 2. The Doctrines of "Containment" and "Libera tion "—Political Warfare (1947-1954) 14 Chapter 3. The First Phase of Operation FOCUS (1954-1955) 25 3.1. The Beginnings of Intervention 25 3.2. The Internal Situation of Hungary 32 3.3. Attack Launched by the External Enemy 43 3.4. Reactivating the Internal Enemy 48 Chapter4. The Second Phase of Operation FOCUS (1956).... 58 4.1. The Bankruptcy of the Dogmatic Leadership of the Party 58 4.2. The Group of Imre Nagy Organizes Itself into Party Opposition 63 4.3. Preparations for a Coordinated Attack 71 4.4. The Situation before the Explosion 77 4.5. The Eve of the Counter-Revolution 83 Chapter 5. The Socialist Forces against Counter-Revolution- ary Revolt and Treachery (From October 23 to November 4,1956) 97 5 5.1. The Preparation of the Demonstration 97 5.2. The First Phase of the Armed Revolt 103 5.3. The Struggle Waged by the Forces Loyal to Socialism 114 5.4. Imre Nagy and Radio Free Europe Call for the With drawal of Soviet Troops 130 5.5. The Second Phase of the Counter-Revolution: Resto ration and "Neutrality" 137 5.6. -
The Rhetorical Antecedents to Vietnam, 1945-1965
Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette College of Communication Faculty Research and Publications Communication, College of 9-1-2018 The Rhetorical Antecedents to Vietnam, 1945-1965 Gregory R. Olson Marquette University George N. Dionisopoulos San Diego State University Steven R. Goldzwig Marquette University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://epublications.marquette.edu/comm_fac Part of the Communication Commons Recommended Citation Olson, Gregory R.; Dionisopoulos, George N.; and Goldzwig, Steven R., "The Rhetorical Antecedents to Vietnam, 1945-1965" (2018). College of Communication Faculty Research and Publications. 511. https://epublications.marquette.edu/comm_fac/511 The Rhetorical Antecedents to Vietnam, 1945–1965 Gregory A. Olson, George N. Dionisopoulos, and Steven R. Goldzwig 8 I do not believe that any of the Presidents who have been involved with Viet- nam, Presidents Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, or President Nixon, foresaw or desired that the United States would become involved in a large scale war in Asia. But the fact remains that a steady progression of small decisions and actions over a period of 20 years had forestalled a clear-cut decision by the President or by the President and Congress—decision as to whether the defense of South Vietnam and involvement in a great war were necessary to the security and best interest of the United States. —Senator John Sherman Cooper (R-KY), Congressional Record, 1970 n his 1987 doctoral thesis, General David Petraeus wrote of Vietnam: “We do not take the time to understand the nature of the society in which we are f ght- Iing, the government we are supporting, or the enemy we are f ghting.”1 After World War II, when the United States chose Vietnam as an area for nation building as part of its Cold War strategy, little was known about that exotic land. -
Philatelic Propaganda U.S. Postage Stamps During the Cold War
RESEARCH NOTE Philatelic Propaganda U.S. Postage Stamps during the Cold War ✣ Matin Modarressi After the United States joined with eleven other countries in April 1949 to establish the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), U.S. officials had to convince the public that the formation of NATO was necessary to prevent another world war. This task, they believed, was likely to be difficult. After all, for more than 150 years the U.S. government had heeded George Washing- ton’s warning in his Farewell Address to “steer clear of permanent alliances.” One of the ways policymakers sought to increase public support for NATO was through the issuance of carefully designed postage stamps. Gov- ernments around the world have long recognized the potential for stamps to serve as tiny billboards for informing, educating, influencing, and sometimes even manipulating people. In the United States, proposals for stamp designs are typically considered two to three years in advance, demonstrating how much deliberation and planning goes into each stamp’s creation. During the Cold War, the U.S. Post Office Department (which was a cabinet-level de- partment until 1971) and the U.S. Department of State used stamps to help promote U.S. foreign policy. In 1952, for example, the United States issued a special commemorative stamp on the third anniversary of the formation of NATO. During a cere- mony at the White House, President Harry S. Truman, accompanied by the postmaster general and secretary of state, autographed a sheet of stamps to be presented to the leader of each of the other NATO countries.1 The stamp was then sold at post offices around the country for six months, in place of the regular 3-cent stamp (the domestic letter rate).2 The total number of NATO stamps printed was the second highest in U.S. -
Maranello World Spiel Maranello Mit Das Magazin Fürferraristi Gelungenes Facelift Portofino M
AUSGABE 4-2020 # 119 WORLD MARANELLO WORLD DAS MAGAZIN FÜR FERRARISTI MARANELLO MARANELLO MIT GROSSEM WEIHNACHTS GEWINN SPIEL Deutschland € 9,80 · Österreich € 11,50 · Schweiz CHF 15,70 · Luxemburg/Belgien € 11,80 · Italien 12,80 Deutschland € 9,80 · Österreich 11,50 Schweiz CHF 15,70 Luxemburg/Belgien FERRARI ROMA PORTOFINO M FORMEL 1 EVENTS 2020 ERSTE FAHREINDRÜCKE GELUNGENES FACELIFT 1000 GRANDS PRIX HISTORIC RACING MaranelloWorld4-20EberleinZW.indd 1 12.10.20 12:41 EDITORIAL Liebe Ferraristi, mit einem lachenden und einem weinenden Auge wird Sebastian Vettel am Ende der Saison die Scuderia Ferrari verlassen und ein neues Kapitel in seiner Motorsport-Biografie aufschlagen. 2015 war er zu Ferrari gekommen, als vierfacher Weltmeister im Red Bull Racing Team. Die Fußstapfen, in die er trat, waren dennoch riesig, denn Michael Schumacher hatte immerhin fünf Weltmeis- tertitel für die Roten geholt, Doch die Epoche Schumi lag zehn Jah- re zurück, und außerdem galten seit Einführung der 1,6-Liter-Tur- bomotoren mit zusätzlichem Elektroantrieb völlig andere Regeln. Ferrari war bei der technischen Entwicklung ganz vorne dabei und genoss einen klaren Favoritenstatus. Mit seinem ersten Sieg im zweiten Rennen für die Scuderia schürte Sebastian Vettel große Hoffnungen, doch mehr als zwei Vize-Weltmeistertitel hinter Le- wis Hamilton im überragenden Mercedes (2017 und 2018) waren für den Heppenheimer in den sechs Jahren nicht drin. In der vor- letzten Saison verschlechterte sich die Bilanz der Scuderia zuse- hends, und doch kam die Meldung von seinem Rücktritt Mitte Mai 2020 einigermaßen überraschend. Sebastian verhält sich wie ein englischer Gentleman, der mit steifer Oberlippe die letzten Grands Prix der Corona-Saison 2020 mit Anstand über die Bühne bringt und sich trotz offensichtlicher Defizite von Team und Arbeitsge- rät mit Kritik vornehm zurückhält. -
John Elkann: Sergio Marchionne "Will Not Return" Published on Iitaly.Org (
John Elkann: Sergio Marchionne "Will not Return" Published on iItaly.org (http://www.iitaly.org) John Elkann: Sergio Marchionne "Will not Return" Judith Harris (July 24, 2018) Sergio Marchionne's condition is "irreversible," according to the hospital in Zurich where he is in intensive care. And on July 21 Fiat Chrysler chairman, John Elkann, 42, wrote a wistful semi-obituary letter to the company's 236,000 employees, reminding them that it was Marchionne's "intellect, perseverance and leadership that saved Fiat." ROME -- The Italian component of Fiat-Chrysler [2] cars was already in crisis when Sergio Marchionne, 66, was in a university hospital in Zurich, Switzerland, on June 28, supposedly for an operation on his shoulder. But then Marchionne took a "sudden and sharp" turn for the worse, and is now unconscious on life-support; some here whisper the real cause is cancer, but no official statement has yet come. He last appeared in public on June 26 in Italy, two days before hospitalization. Although TV news footage from that day shows Marchionne weak and with apparent trouble Page 1 of 3 John Elkann: Sergio Marchionne "Will not Return" Published on iItaly.org (http://www.iitaly.org) breathing, some Italian press accounts say that the situation "precipitated almost without warning" while others spoke of an "unspecified aggressively infectious disease" only recently diagnosed. Whatever the cause, no improvement will come, for his condition is "irreversible," according to the hospital; and on July 21 Fiat Chrysler chairman, John Elkann, 42, wrote a wistful semi-obituary letter to the company's 236,000 employees, reminding them that it was Marchionne's "intellect, perseverance and leadership that saved Fiat." Marchionne, born in Italy but raised in Canada, took over the then failing 119-year-old Fiat company [3] in 2004. -
Media Imperialism Continuity and Change
DOWNLOAD CSS Notes, Books, MCQs, Magazines www.thecsspoint.com Download CSS Notes Download CSS Books Download CSS Magazines Download CSS MCQs Download CSS Past Papers The CSS Point, Pakistan’s The Best Online FREE Web source for All CSS Aspirants. Email: [email protected] BUY CSS / PMS / NTS & GENERAL KNOWLEDGE BOOKS ONLINE CASH ON DELIVERY ALL OVER PAKISTAN Visit Now: WWW.CSSBOOKS.NET For Oder & Inquiry Call/SMS/WhatsApp 0333 6042057 – 0726 540141 WWW.NOKRIWALA.NET CSS Solved Compulsory MCQs From 2000 to 2020 Latest & Updated Order Now Call/SMS 03336042057 - 0726540141 MEDIA IMPERIALISM CONTINUITY AND CHANGE Edited by OLIVER BOYD-BARRETT Bowling Green State University TANNER MIRRLEES University of Ontario Institute of Technology ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD Lanham • Boulder • New York • London 19_0411-Boyd_Barrett.indb 1 6/25/19 6:35 AM Executive Editor: Elizabeth Swayze Editorial Assistant: Megan Manzano Senior Marketing Manager: Kim Lyons Credits and acknowledgments for material borrowed from other sources, and reproduced with permission, appear on the appropriate page within the text. Published by Rowman & Littlefield An imprint of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.rowman.com 6 Tinworth Street, London SE11 5AL, United Kingdom Copyright © 2020 by The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Available ISBN 9781538121542 (cloth : alk. -
Copyrighted Material
Part I THE POWER OF A FAMILY COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL cc01.indd01.indd 1111 005/11/115/11/11 22:01:01 PPMM cc01.indd01.indd 1122 005/11/115/11/11 22:01:01 PPMM Chapter 1 The Scattered Pieces short time before he died, Gianni Agnelli had asked his younger brother Umberto, who had come to visit him every A day at Gianni’s mansion on a hill overlooking Turin, to do something very diffi cult. Umberto said he needed to think about it. Now, at the end of January 2003, Umberto had come to give Gianni an answer. Gianni was confi ned to a wheelchair, spending his fi nal days at home. He had once found solace looking out of the window onto his wife Marella’s fl ower gardens below, especially his favorites, the yellow ones. But now it was winter. Gianni looked out at the city of Turin, which was visible across the river through the bare trees. Street after street stretched out toward the horizon in the crisp January air, lined up like an army of troops marching to meet the Alps beyond. It was a clear day, and he could see Fiat’s white Lingotto headquarters, as well as the vast bulk of Fiat’s Mirafi ori car factory on the far side of the city. The factories had been built by their grandfather, Giovanni Agnelli. 13 cc01.indd01.indd 1133 005/11/115/11/11 22:01:01 PPMM 14 the power of a family Gianni wouldn’t admit to his family that he was dying, but they all knew. -
Cold War Engineering: Technical Infrastructure, Noise, And
Cold War Engineering: Technical Infrastructure, Noise, and Geography in Radio Free Europe’s Operation in the 1950s and the 1960s By Georgi Georgiev Submitted to Central European University Department of History In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Professor Istvan Rev Second Reader: Professor Constantin Iordachi CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2015 Copyright in the text of this thesis rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or part, may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author. CEU eTD Collection i Abstract The thesis focuses on the archives of the Engineering department at Radio Free Europe in the 1950s and the 1960s. The text explores the political nature of technical issues outlining specific technological policies and political terms embedded in the radio operation. Using as a departure point some main aspects from the paradigm of Science and Technology Studies, the text highlights key non-living objects, communication links, and external institutions, which shaped the radio’s technical infrastructure described, throughout the Cold War, with the self-evident term “network.” The text concentrates on noise as an object of scientific research and technical work which led to the development of a peculiar political mode of hearing and mobilization of computer analysis of data for the purposes of the Cold War. -
September INTERNA TIONAL 2010
INSPIRATIONAL WINE KNOWLEDGE AND THE PEOPLE BEHIND THE DRINK September INTERNA TIONAL 2010 Red wine from the Canaries Changes in Argentina & Chile Genuine fakes PAGE 8 PAGE 14 PAGE 5 INNEHÅLL > PAGE 5 Genuine fakes PAGE 8 Red Wine from the Canaries?!, Who’d have believed it… PAGE 14 Winds of Change In Chile and Argentina PAGE 24 Bubbles Rise To The Top A visit from Friexenet PAGE 27 Fine Wine Tasting 2010 PAGE 35 Autumn Stews and Wild, Wild Wines PAGE 36 Ständigt aktuella Chateau la Nerthe PAGE 39 Kajsa Bergqvist - Raising The Bar on Fine Wines PAGE 40 Wine tours with BK Wine PAGE 41 The Rocky Road to Success PAGE 44 One For The Pot PAGE 46 Summary of an Administration NEWS WINE CONSUMPTION ON THE INCREASE IN USA IN SPITE OF A CRITIcaL YEAR Att USA är en av de mest vitala vinmarknader vet vi sedan länge. Allt fler produ- center runt om i världen riktar sina marknadsföringskrafter mot landet och det ger uppenbarligen resultat. Nu kommer nämligen rapporter om att vinkonsumtionen under krisåret 2009 ökade, om än marginellt. Det var konsumtionen av det inhem- ska vinet, det görs idag vin i 49 av landets 50 stater, som stod för den totala öknin- gen, med 1,8 procent. Detta innebar att vinförsäljningen landade på 3,5 miljarder flaskor vin under förra året. Samtidigt rapporterar Beverage Information Group att importen av vin minskade med 2,2 procent. Samtidigt tror analytiker att den ameri- kanska marknaden kommer att växa ännu mer och tror på en försäljning om över 3,7 miljarder flaskor vin år 2014. -
Gianni Agnelli and Ferrari. the Elegance of the Legend”, Centenary Exhibition at the Mef Modena
“GIANNI AGNELLI AND FERRARI. THE ELEGANCE OF THE LEGEND”, CENTENARY EXHIBITION AT THE MEF MODENA. ONLINE OPENING ON 12 MARCH, LIVE VIRTUAL TOURS UNTIL 1 APRIL. Maranello, 11 March 2021 – The new exhibition at the Museo Enzo Ferrari in Modena brings together the one-off cars built by Ferrari for Gianni Agnelli and meticulously customised in close collaboration with him. This unique collection is a testament to the symbiotic relationship that developed between two of the most charismatic and authoritative figures of the 20th century and endured for over 50 years. “Gianni Agnelli and Ferrari. The Elegance of the Legend” is an homage by the Maranello marque to one of its greatest touchstones, first and foremost as a loyal client and later as close confidant and partner, on the 100th anniversary of the latter’s birth tomorrow. The official online opening of the exhibition takes place on March 12 on the Ferrari Museums’ social media channels and website. As we wait for new government regulations to allow us to reopen the MEF’s exhibition halls to the public, we will be organising two free virtual live tours of around 30 minutes each day until April 1. These can be booked starting tomorrow at the Museums’ website (Ferrari.com/it-IT/museums). A Prancing Horse enthusiast from a young age, Gianni Agnelli was consistently courteous and respectful in his proposals for highly customised special versions of certain models. For his part, Enzo Ferrari was aware that the influence, aesthetic tastes and personality of a client who was both very close to the factory and familiar with working on exclusive projects, might lead to successful and farsighted choices. -
FOLLIA a GENOVA DI ANDREA MONTI Nel Vergognoso Spettacolo Di Genova C’È GenoaSiena Ostaggio Degli Qualcosa Di Medievale E Di Osceno Che Non Dimenticheremo Facilmente
REDAZIONE DI MILANO VIA SOLFERINO 28 - TEL. 0262821 - REDAZIONE DI ROMA PIAZZA VENEZIA 5 - TEL. 06688281 www.gazzetta.it lunedì 23 aprile 2012 1,20 € POSTE ITALIANE SPED. IN A.P. - D.L. 353/2003 CONV. L. 46/2004 ART. 1, C1, DCB MILANO Annoanno 116 Numeronumero 96 ITALIA LA VERGOGNA MARASSI IN MANO AI TIFOSI GENOANI DOPO IL QUARTO GOL DEL SIENA l©Editoriale DURI CONTRO LA GOGNA FOLLIA A GENOVA DI ANDREA MONTI Nel vergognoso spettacolo di Genova c’è GenoaSiena ostaggio degli qualcosa di medievale e di osceno che non dimenticheremo facilmente. Che non dob ultrà per 44’. Rossoblù biamo dimenticare. Certo, ieri non c’è scap costretti a togliersi la maglia. pato il morto ma la gogna imposta dagli ultrà ai giocatori è un inedito raggelante, Perdono 41. Salta Malesani, unbrividoancestralechevienedirettamen arriva De Canio te dai secoli bui. Gli stessi a cui appartengo no, per architettura e atmosfera, molti dei DA RONCH, GALDI, GRIMALDI ALLE PAGINE 14151617 nostri stadi. 3 Da sin. Preziosi, Rossi con le maglie, Sculli parla con gli ultrà L’ARTICOLO A PAGINA 24 LA VOLATA A 5 GIORNATE DALLA FINE IL PAREGGIO DEL BOLOGNA (11) A SAN SIRO FA AUMENTARE IL DISTACCO JUVE D'ITALIA Bianconeri a valanga con la Roma, +3 sul Milan: scudetto ipotecato Due gol di Vidal nei primi 8‘ chiudono il match SENZA GOL PARI NERAZZURRO A FIRENZE a Torino. Poi la Roma resta in dieci per l’espulsione 3 Arturo Vidal, 24 anni, in tuffo sui di Stekelenburg sul rigore concesso ai bianconeri: compagni per la festa a Pirlo nascosto finisce 40. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, IRVINE Wine, Fraud and Expertise
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE Wine, Fraud and Expertise THESIS submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in Social Ecology by Valerie King Thesis Committee: Professor Simon Cole, Chair Assistant Professor Bryan Sykes Professor George Tita 2015 © 2019 Valerie King TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT iv INTRODUCTION 1 I. FINE WINE AND COLLECTOR FRAUD 4 II. WINE, SUBJECTIVITY AND SCIENCE 20 III. WHO IS A WINE FRAUD EXPERT? 23 CONCLUSION 28 REFERENCES 30 ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my committee members, Professor Simon Cole, Assistant Professor Bryan Sykes and Professor George Tita. iii ABSTRACT Wine, Fraud and Expertise By Valerie King Master of Arts in Social Ecology University of California, Irvine, 2019 Professor Simon Cole, Chair While fraud has existed in various forms throughout the history of wine, the establishment of the fine and rare wine market generated increased opportunities and incentives for producing counterfeit wine. In the contemporary fine and rare wine market, wine fraud is a serious concern. The past several decades witnessed significant events of fine wine forgery, including the infamous Jefferson bottles and the more recent large-scale counterfeit operation orchestrated by Rudy Kurniawan. These events prompted and renewed market interest in wine authentication and fraud detection. Expertise in wine is characterized by the relationship between subjective and objective judgments. The development of the wine fraud expert draws attention to the emergence of expertise as an industry response to wine fraud and the relationship between expert judgment and modern science. iv INTRODUCTION In December 1985, at Christie’s of London, a single bottle of 1787 Château Lafitte Bordeaux, was auctioned for $156,000, setting a record for the most expensive bottle of wine ever sold (Wallace 2008).