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Guía Para La Utilización De Aves Silvestres En Investigación

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Guía Para La Utilización De Aves Silvestres En Investigación EL CONSEJO DE ORNITOLOGIA Aportando Información Científica sobre las Aves GUÍA PARA LA UTILIZACIÓN DE AVES SILVESTRES EN INVESTIGACIÓN Publicación Especial 1997 Editada por Abbot S. Gaunt y Lewis W. Oring Traduccion de la Tercera Edición 2010 Editada por Jeanne M. Fair, Editora en Jefe Ellen Paul y Jason Jones, Editores Asociados GUÍA PARA LA UTILIZACIÓN DE AVES SILVESTRES EN INVESTIGACIÓN Jeanne M. Fair1, Ellen Paul2, y Jason Jones3, Anne Barrett Clark4, Clara Davie4, Gary Kaiser5 1 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Atmospheric, Climate and Environmental Dynamics, MSJ495, Los Alamos, NM 87506 2 Ornithological Council, 1107 17th St., N.W., Suite 250, Washington, D. C. 20036 3 Tetra Tech EC, 133 Federal Street, 6th floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02110 4 Binghamton University State University of New York, Department of Biology, PO BOX 6000 Binghamton, NY 13902-6000 5 402-3255 Glasgow Ave, Victoria, BC V8X 4S4, Canada Propiedad Literaria 1997, 2010 por THE ORNITHOLOGICAL COUNCIL 1107 17th. Street N. Suite 250 W Washington, D.C. 2 36 00 http://www.nmh.si.edu/BIRDNET Citar como: Fair, J., E. Paul, and J. Jones, Eds. 2010. Guía para la Utilización de Aves Silvestres en Investigación. Tercera Edición. Washington, D.C.: El Consejo de Ornitología. Traducción al Español: Alida Madero Farías [email protected] 2 Dedicatoria El Consejo de Ornitología dedica ésta versión revisada en 2010 a Lewis W. Oring y a Abbot (Toby) S. Gaunt (q.e.p.d.), cuyo compromiso con el bienestar de las aves, por las cuales los ornitólogos compartimos un interés profundo y permanente, ha sido de gran ayuda para nuestra profesión por muchos años. Toby Gaunt Lew Oring 3 Agradecimientos y aclaraciones Tercera edición El Consejo de Ornitología agradece a la Oficina del Laboratory of Animal Welfare del National Institutes of Health por el apoyo financiero para la producción de esta revisión. En particular agradecemos a Susan Silk por su paciente ayuda. Agradecemos también a Carol Wigglesworth por ayudarnos a iniciarlo. Agradecemos a la American Ornithologists’ Union, la Cooper Ornithological Society, y la Wilson Ornithological Society por su apoyo financiero. Jeanne M. Fair editó esta edición con gran maestría, profundo conocimiento y estilo. La experiencia y diligente investigación de nuestros editores de sección – Anne Barret Clark, Clara Davie, Jeanne Fair, Jason Jones y Gary Kaiser – dieron lugar a un tratamiento amplio y considerado de cada tema. Adrian del Nevo, Scott Carleton y Ellen Paul hicieron contribuciones adicionales. Varios revisores anónimos dedicaron su tiempo y experiencia de manera generosa para ayudar a mejorar el contenido y la presentación. Queremos agradecer también a la Asociación Americana de Zoológicos y Acuarios (AZAA) por compartir con nosotros sus manuales sobre cría y alojamiento, y al Consejo Norteamericano de Anillado por permitirnos reimprimir parte de su material. El financiamiento para esta publicación fue posible en parte gracias a la Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare, el National Institutes of Health, y el Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Las opiniones, resultados, conclusiones o recomendaciones expresados aqui, no reflejan necesariamente los puntos de vista del DHHS; tampoco la mención de marcas, productos comerciales, u organizaciones, implica un respaldo por parte del gobierno de los Estados Unidos. Primera y segunda ediciones Recibimos información y guía de una amplia variedad de fuentes. Entre nuestros colegas, aquellos que proporcionaron una asistencia especial, se incluyen: Richard Banks, Jim Bednarz, Fred Cooke, Sandra Gaunt, Jerry Jackson, Fred Quimby, J. Van Remsen, Margaret Rubega, y Elizabeth Ann Schreiber. Estamos particularmente agradecidos con los especialistas Carol Anderson (USFWS), August Battles, D.V.M., Rich Benardski, D.V.M., Christopher Brand, y varios revisores anónimos (NWHC), Donald Burton D.V.M., Mary Gustafson (BBL), Buddy Fazio (USFWS), James M. Harris , D.V.M., Bill Kurrey (USFWS), Sharron Martin, D.V.M., Diana McClure, D.V.M., Dan Petit (entonces en el USFWS), y Steve Wentz (CWS). La American Birding Association nos proporcionó amablemente una versión actualizada de su Código de Ética, aun antes de haber sido distribuido entre sus miembros. Varios veterinarios donaron generosamente su tiempo y experiencia para la Segunda 4 Edición: Pauline Wong, D.V.M., John Ludders, D.V.M., Glenn H. Olsen, D.V.M., Ph.D., David Brunson, D.V.M., y F. Joshua Dein, V.M.D. Estamos agradecidos con la Fundación Summerlee de Dallas, Texas por aportar fondos para la producción de éste documento, y con la Biological Resources Division del U. S. Geological Survey por los fondos para apoyar su publicación. Cuando se mencionan nombres de marcas, es solo como ejemplo. Algunos productos nombrados por marca fueron sugeridos por investigadores o veterinarios que de manera personal los han encontrado útiles, pero en ningún caso esto constituye un respaldo por parte del Consejo de Ornitología o ninguna otra sociedad ornitológica implicada. Acerca del Consejo de Ornitología El principio fundamental del Consejo de Ornitología es que la habilidad para elaborar normas y decisiones de manejo validas sobre las aves y su hábitat, depende de la aplicación de datos científicos imparciales y en la colecta continua de estos datos. El Consejo trabaja para apoyar esta importante misión que sirve como conducto entre la ciencia de la ornitología y los legisladores, reguladores, terratenientes, organizaciones conservacionistas e industria privada para asegurar que la información científica necesaria para la toma de decisiones que involucren a las aves, esté disponible. El Consejo fue fundado en 1992 por siete sociedades ornitológicas en Norteamérica: la American Ornithologists' Union, la Association for Field Ornithology, la Cooper Ornithological Society, el Pacific Seabird Group, la Raptor Research Foundation, la Waterbird Society y la Wilson Ornithological Society. En años recientes, la Society of Canadian Scientists, la Society for the Conservation and Study of Caribbean Birds, la Neotropical Ornithological Society, y CIPAMEX se han hecho miembros. Con la publicación de la versión revisada en 2010 de la Guía para la Utilización de Aves Silvestres en Investigación, la versión impresa queda descontinuada. Le sugerimos que cite la versión electrónica incluyendo el URL (www.nmnh.si.edu/BIRDNET/guide) y la fecha de acceso, incluyendo la fecha especificada de cualquier actualización. Preguntas y comentarios: Sus comentarios son bienvenidos. Si existen sugerencias que impliquen un cambio sustantivo, éstas serán revisadas por un comité y si son aceptadas, se incorporarán a la Guía. Sus preguntas también son bienvenidas. Envíe sus comentarios a: [email protected] 5 INDICE CAPÍTULO I. INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................................................................................ 10 A. RESUMEN ............................................................................................................................................................... 10 Contexto: el estudio de las aves silvestres .......................................................................................................... 10 Historia de la Guía para el Uso de Aves Silvestres en Investigación ................................................................... 11 Estrategia orientada a resultados ...................................................................................................................... 12 Restricciones prácticas y guía general de utilización .......................................................................................... 14 B. AGENCIAS NORMATIVAS Y OTRAS ORGANIZACIONES ......................................................................................................... 15 Estados Unidos ................................................................................................................................................... 15 Canadá ................................................................................................................................................................ 17 Organizaciones privadas..................................................................................................................................... 18 Organizaciones internacionales .......................................................................................................................... 18 C. LA SUPERVISIÓN DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN EN ANIMALES: BASES LEGALES Y APLICACIÓN ............................................................... 19 Estados Unidos ................................................................................................................................................... 19 ¿Están cubiertas las aves? .................................................................................................................................. 22 ¿Están cubiertos los estudios en campo? ........................................................................................................... 23 Aplicación de la Ley de Bienestar Animal fuera de los Estados Unidos .............................................................. 25 Resumen del sistema del Comité Institucional de Cuidado y Uso Animal........................................................... 26 Estándares para la revisión de estudios de campo: nota para los ornitólogos .................................................. 30 Estándares de revisión para estudios de campo: una nota
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