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5227-1-Kuchuk Asya-1-Cughrafyasi CHARLES TEXIER Sen tıZtkik selfalıatimJe mulıtefii/ qetdetJeki mihedeti, eski sanat ve meJeni'let esetdetini de 9ö:Jeıı 9eçitJinı: slaııhud Jan başka Batsa, ::mit, dntad'la, dJana ve 1. :j ::J .J(attlftlJa mevcut nııi::edeti 9ötdıtm. BwıdatJa şimJi'le kaJat hudwıahideıı ha::t esetdet nıulı.ı/a:a adanmakta ve kısmell Je ecnebi mutelıassısdattn ııatJanı idi? tasni# eJidmekteJit. dncak, menıdeketimi!::in, lıemen fıet ımısafsi!:: Je#itudt?t Je kaJim meJt?niııet tata/mJa luidin ııatnıakta adatt esetdetinin idetJIZ taza#ımı::Jmı melJJana çtkaııdatak idmi bit sutette mulıa/azıı ve sni/deti ve 9eçet1 Jevitdetin sihekdi ilwıadi LfİİZİtiıJen pek ta fuuap hit luife 9edmiş adan dhiJedetin mulıal.z::adatı için mii!::e miiJii:diikdetiııJe ve lıa/ti1Jal işdetinJe kuddamdmak ii::ete aıkeadaji miitelıass1Sdatma kati diizum vıuJı::. Bttflllfl için ../11.aati/çe lıati.ce talıside 9öı1Jetidecek tadızheJen hit kısnımm hu şuheqe talısisi muva#ık adacaı)ı #iktind Lf e im. etmiş et 2. .J(Otllf<l; Ja asudatm devam i/ınıadd sebehitıde hiilJiik bit lıatahi içitıJe hudunmadatma taı)mım seki: asıt evvedki Q,;tknıeJeniııetitıin luıkiki şalıesetde:i kaımetie ha::ı mehdtıi vatdtt. Bwıdatdatı hidlıtıssa J(atatalf ..JfleJtesesi, dMeJJit1 Camii, Salıip-dta meJtese, cami ve tiithesi, Sıtçadı ..JflesciJ vız ,,ce ../llinate, Jetfıtıd ve nıiistaceden tamite :j mulıtaç hit lıadJeJitdet. Bu tamitin 9eciknıesi, hu dhiJedelin kdmiden it1Jirasuu macih , adacağmJan evLJedd askızt iş9afiinJe budımatıdaun talıdi1Jesi11iıı ve kd//esinin miitelıassıs :evat ııız::at1Ztiııd1? tamituıin tızmitı hulfutudımısmıtica edetinı. ·- .. 'ı ._.._.... \l--ı; ..____......__,_,;�----�-------_...�L..J Atatürk, 16 Kasım 1937 günü Diyarbakır'da; Diyarbakır Kalesi Uıfa Kapısı önünde. 11 �1/ 'l,üııkfttilleU! .. Sen !#alnı� kalıııamanlık oe eenoaoeıılikte Je0u, 6ıkıııJe oe me'JeniııeueJe insanlıfiınıeııe6i sin. 'l-a1'ilı, kuJ''Jufiun me'JeniııetleJ'in iJ'ooüteıılıtle 'JtJlu'JuJ'. VaJ'lıfiına kaste'Jen siııas'i oe ttJplumsal etkenle;ı, 6iJ'kaf asıJ''JııııttJlunu kesmiJ, l/Ü1'Ü'fÜJÜnüafiııılaJttJ'HttJ tJlsa Ja, tJn 6in ıııllık 6iki1' oe kültiiJ' HtiJ'ası, J'ulıun'Ja 6aki1' oe tükenme� 6iıı ku'JJ'et lıalin'Je ııaıııttJJ'.+la6ı�asın'Ja 6inle1'ee oe 6inleJ'ee ııılın lıatıJ'asım taııııan taJ'ilı, me'Jeniııet sa6ın'Ja laııık tJl'Jufiun ııeJ'i sana paJ'mafiııılafJİJ'steJ'il/tJ1'. OJ'aıta ıtüJ'Ü oe ııüksel! .. 11 13u, senin ifin lıem6iJ' lıak, lıemJe 6i1'fjiJ'ııeo'Jiıı. 1931 /5·� .\ S l E M 1 N E U l\ E ı•,\111� CHARlLES TEXIER Çeviren Ali SUAT Latin Harflerine Aktaran Sadeleştiren Prof. Dr. Yard. Doç. Dr. Kazım Yaşar KOPRAMAN Musa YILDIZ BİRİNCİ CİLT ENFORMASYON VE DOKÜMANTASYON HİZMETLERİ VAKFI 2002 Ankara - © 2002 Enformasyon ve Dokümantasyon Hizmetleri Vakfı 7. Cadde, Kültür Sitesi, No: 104 06370 Batıkent Ankara/ TÜRKİYE Tel: (+90.312) 354 62 66 • Faks: (+90.312) 354 64 63 e-mail: [email protected] • www.edhvakfi.org.tr Eserin Orijinal Adı: Asie Mineure; Description Geographique, Historique et Arclıeologique des Provinces et des Vil/es de la Chersonnese d' Asie. Paris, Typographie de Firmin Didot Frercs, Fils et C., Editeurs Imprimeurs de L' Institut de France, 1862, 1882. Eserin Arap Harfli Türkçe Adı: Küçük Asya; Coğrafyaya, Tarihe, Asar-ı Atikaya Ait Tarif. İstanbul, Matbaa-i Amire 1923- 1924, 3 C. Proje ve Koordinasyon Hasan DUMAN Latin Harflerine Aktaran Prof. Dr. Kazım Yaşar KOPRAMAN Gazi Üniv. Fen-Ed. Fak Sadeleştiren Yard. Doç. Dr. Musa YILDIZ Gazi Üniv. Eğt. Fak. Katkıda Bulunanlar Prof. Dr. Semavi EYİCE lstanbul Üniv. Ed. Fak. Prof. Dr. Mesut ELİBÜYÜK Ankara Üniv. D.T.C. Fak. Yard. Doç. Dr. Esma İNCE Gazi Üniv. Eğt. Fak. Yard.Doç. Dr. Kenan BİLİCİ Ankara Üniv. D.T.C. Fak. Yard. Doç. Dr. Yücel ŞENYURT Gazi Üniv. Fen-Ed. Fak. Yard. Doç. Dr. Kamil AKARSU Gazi Üniv. Eğt. Fak. Murat ÖNGÖREN Teknik Yardımcı Eserin tüm yayın hakları saklıdır. Hiç bir şekilde gravürler de dahil olmak üzere kısmen de olsa herhangi bir yöntemle kopye edilip, çoğaltılamaz, yayınlanamaz. JSBN 975-7473-12-X Takım/Set ISBN 975-7473-13-8 I. C. JSBN 975-7473-14-6 il. C. lSBN 975-7473-15-4 IIJ. C. Baskı: Özkan Matbaacılık Ltd. Şti., Ankara/Tel: ( +90.312) 229 59 72-74 Cilt: Balkan Cilt Sanayi, Ankara/Tel: (+90.312) 267 09 52-53 SUNUŞ Elinizdeki bu eser, ünlü Fransız bilgini Clıarles TEXIER 'in (1802- bundan yıl kadar önce yurdumuzda gerçekleştirdiği iki ilmi 1871) 170 gezi ve incelemelerini içermektedir. XIX yüzyılda üç kez basılan eser, daha Cumhuriyet 'in ilanından önce "Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Hükumeti MaarifNezareti "nin iki numaralı eseri olarak, üç cilt halinde Arap harfleriyle Türkçe yayımlanmıştı. Anadolu kültürleri hakkında önemli bilgiler, belgeler ve gözlemler içeren bu eserde verilen bilgilerin büyük bir kısmı hiç eskimemiş olup, herkesin yararlanabileceği cinstendir. Yazarın müşahedelerine dayanan, o günkü Anadolu 'da yaşayan halkın durumu, adet ve gelenekler, köy, kasaba ve şehirlerin etnik yapısı ve demografik duruma dair verilen eskimiş ve değişmiş bilgiler ise o gündeıi bugüne aldığımız mesafeyi göstermesi bakımından daha da önemlidir. Böylesine değerli bir eserin genç okurlar ve araştırmacılar tarafından bulunamaması, bulunması halinde ise Fransızcayı ve Arap alfabesini bilmemeleri sebebiyle tam olarak yararlanılamaması yüzünden, yeni kuşakların kolayca anlayabilecekleri bir dil ile yayımlanması çok gerekli idi. Bir milletin en değerli varlığı şüphesiz onun tarih boyunca ortaya koyduğu kültür mirasıdır. Bu ise her milletin yetiştirdiği sanatkar, bilim adamı, filozof vb. kişilerin ortaya koyduğu maddi ve manevi eserlerle oluşur. Bu eserler, hem onu yaratan milletin hem de bütün insanlığın malıdır. Anadolu 'da, Türklerden önce yaşamış uygarlıkların bakiyeleri de hem bizim hem de bütün dünyanın ortak hazineleridir. Her kültür, kendisinden önceki ve çağdaşı kültürlerle karşılıklı alış veriş halindedir. Bu açıdan baktığımızda eski Helen uygarlığı doğu uygarlıklarının gelişmiş bir şekli olup, bugünkü Batı uygarlığı ise bunların ve daha başka uygarlıkların bir sentezinden ibarettir. Selçuklu ve Osmanlı dönemlerinde büyük gelişmeler kaydeden Türk kültürünün kaynaklarının da Orta Asya, İslam, Anadolu, Akdeniz ve Batı kökenli olduğunu görürüz. Kültürümüzün özünü oluşturan bu kaynakları uzun süre ihmal ettiğimiz bir gerçektir. Özgün ve saygın bir kültür yaratmamız, bu kaynaklardan daha çok beslenmemize bağlıdır. vıı Coğrajf, stratejik ve tarihi durumu ve özellikleri ile binlerce yıldan beri bir cazibe merkezi olan Anadolzımuz, muhtelif devirlerde dalgalar halinde gelip yei·leşen ve devletler kuran pek çok ulusun yaşadığı bir mekan olmuştw: Türklerin Anadolu ya gelişleri ile bunlar yeni bir statü kazandılm: Türk-İslam hoşgörüsü bunları hemen cezbetti. Anadolu tarihinde ilk defa bir uyum ve dayamşma görüldü. Anadolu Türk toplum yapısı bu topluluklarla güçlendi. Türkler Anadolu tarihinin hiçbir döneminde herhangi bir siyasi güç tarafından oluşturulamayan kültür bütünlüğünü gerçekleştirdiler; kendilerinden önce yaşamış toplumların kültür ve medeniyet kalıntılarını korudular. Tarih öncesi çağlardan beri muhtelifkavimlerin durağı, mekanı ve yurdu olan Anadolu, biz Türkler için Türkiye Cumhuriyeti 'nin varlığını ve bütünlüğünü simgeleyen, Türk birliğinin güç merkezini oluşturan "Türkiye" dir. Bu aziz vatanın insanlık tarihi boyunca "Batı" ve "Doğu" uygarlzklarmın oluşmasındaki gerçek yerini ortaya koymak, içte ve dışta tanıtmak, onu gözümüz gib'i korumak ve geliştirmek başlıca görevlerimizdendir. Hangi tarihte, kimler tarafından, nasıl meydana getirilmiş olursa olsun, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti toprakları üzerindeki en büyük mimari anıttan, en küçük bir tablete ve bir yapraklık yazma esere kadar, tüm çağların kültür mirası bizimdir; bu toprakların yedi kat altındaki eserler de arş-ı alaya kadar seması da bizimdil: Onlar biz Türklerin ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti 'nin ebedi koruması altındaki zenginlikleri ve gururudur. Bu eserin yurt içinde ve yurt dışındaki bütün aydmlara olduğu kadar, yurdumuzun dört köşesinde tarihi abidelerle iç içe yaşayan bütün vatandaşlarmııza, yerli ve yabancı turistlere, üniversite öğrencilerine ve hatta uzmanlara da fa ydalı olacağına inanıyorum. Eserin bu şekilde yayımlanmasında emeği geçenlere teşekkür ediyorum. ~ Dr. Devlet BAHÇELİ Devlet Bakanı ve Başbakan Yardımcısı vııı Anadolu, co{!;rafikonumu, ziraata elverişli toprağı ve iklimi, zengin maden yatakları ile en eski zamanlardan beri insanları cezbetmiş, pek çok kültür bıı topraklar üzerinde yeşerip, zengin miraslarını bizlere bırakarak tarih sahnesinden çekilnıişlerdü: Anadolu ilkçağlardan itibaren Mezopotamya, Filistin, Mısır, Roma ve Yunan medeniyetleri ile yakın ilişki içinde olmuştw: M.Ö. bin yıllarında yerleşik hayata geçilen 8. Anadolu 'da maden çağına geçiş ve yazımn kullamlmaya başlaması dünyamızın pek çok bölgelerine göre daha önce olnıuştw: Bi11lerce yıl boyunca giiniin ileri teknoloji!erinin üretildiği bıı yerleı; askeri, politik ve ekonomik giiç olarak da daima önemini korımıııştw: Başlangıçtaki görkemli yaşam ve onun bıraktığı zengin miras daima ' gizemini korumuş, Anadolu mm antik kentleri ve muhteşem anıtları batılı bilim adamlarznm daima ilgi odağı olmuştur. Bilhassa Roma İmparatorluğu dönemi ve müteakip devirlerde bu ilgi doruğa çıkmış, Apollonius, Pausanias, Plinius, Strabo11 vb. bilim adamı ve gezginler doğruluğuna güvenebileceğimiz nıiişalıede!erini bizlere bırakmışlardu: Kültür Bakanlığımız, üzerinde yaşadığımız topraklar üzerinde, başlangıçtan günümüze kadar gelen kiiltiir mirasımn tümüne ayrım yapmadan sahip çıkmakta, diinyanm başka köşesinde görülemeyecek yoğunluktaki yerli ve yabancı hafirve araştırmacılara destek
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