Vol. C X X X V II. No. 3528 JULY 6, 1945 9d. W EEKLY K . # 3j'2

/

ALTERNATING CURRENT ONLY FRACTIONAL H.P^ SINGLE-TWOOTHREE PHASE MOTORS. a 1 /4 - 1 /2 - 3/4 H.R EX-STOCK WITH WITHOUT FEET E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w ‘Ü

i

The reliability of the generating plant is the same as that of its dis­ tributive cable. And the reliability of the cable is that of its insulation! That is why leading cable manufacturers use Tullis Russell Rothm ill Cable Insulating Papers. Rothmill is renowned for its uniformly high q u ality, and isguaranteed free from metals and grit. R o t h i m l l A complete range is manu­ factured. W rite for details. CABLE INSULATING PAPER 7ulUi <2u*tell iCo.itd The Pioneers o f Twin-wire Papers for Printers AUCHMUTY & ROTHES PAPER MILLS. MARKINCH, SCOTLAND LONDON MANCHESTER BIRMINGHAM I Tudor Street. E.C.4 372 Corn Exchange Bldgs.. 116 Colmore Row ______Corporation Street July 6 ,1 9 4 5 f''*- s * y ii Electrical Review

but somebodu must take the initiative

Exactly, and “ H eatrae ” has constantly aimed to be THAT somebody in advanced design of Electric W ater Heaters, as for example, the application of Monel to Water Heater rnnct ri irfin n As increased supplies of this metal become available so it will be progressively used for the interiors of Heatraes of the future. Monel is a hard metal that resists corrosion. It can be electrically welded and TINNING IS UNNECESSARY.

leaders in electric water heaters

HEATRAE LTD., NORWICH • PHONE : NORWICH 25131 ■ GRAMS : HEATRAE, NORWICH

“WESTMINSTER” THE “FACILE” Brush jjf TERMINAL Send for Prices and List of all Holders kinds of Term inals 100,000 ROSS COURTNEY SUPPLIED ASHBROOK ROAD, LONDON, N. IS MADE TO SUIT ANY MACHINE

Dynamos and Motors Rewound and Re-constructed. “ Partridge ” Pressure fa CABLE ENDS!

Detectors, “ Partridge ” Earthing Devices, to the specific requirements of Switchgear, Photographic Arc Lamps, our customers Eleetric Welders, Medical Arc Lamps Makers of all ty­ pes of repetition products from the bar in all Th. WESTMINSTER ENGXo.Ltd. m etals Victoria Road.Wlllesden Junction, N.W.IO Telephone : Telegrams : MC Land REPETITION LTD. Willesden 1700-1 “Regency , Phone, London.'* Pool Lone, Lon^levj t Birmingham. jgfflg if

2 Electrical R e v i e w • July 6, 1945 These (w

saved £ 5 0 0 a year by P.F« correction«

Two needs existed in a large works. efficient constant speed drives. At the First, equipment was required to maintain same time they maintain an overall the overall power factor at an economical maximum demand of approximately figure. Second, motors were required to 1,800 kW at a power factor of '985 drive two large compressors. By ordering lagging. They saved £500 a year on the two 560 H.P. Crompton Auto- maximum kVA demand over what it Synchronous Motors both needs were would have been with ordinary induction satisfied. The motors provide highly motors without p.f. correction.

CRompTon^pRRKinson LIMITED

£ LECTRA HOUSE, VICTORIA EMBANKMENT, LONDON, W.C.2 and B r a n r k u 11 c n e $ July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 3

That DIFFERENCE is in DETAIL

JT may be true that “ all great things are simple.” But all simple things are not necessarily great. And to those who design and install electrical accessories, simplicity, for its own sake, is seldom a virtue. A simple accessory can have all the rustic crudeness of the old-time cherry-wood, revealing in its stark lines a rough workmanship and a poverty of idea. That, however, is not the simplicity for which we strive. Our aim has always been to perfect each product so that it shall be complete in every detail. We feel some sort of pride, in fact, that our products are simple. But such a feeling is not prompted by what we have been able to leave out. It springs rather

from the knowledge of what we have been able to put in. Crabtree 5-Amp. 3-Pin Plug and Shielded Socket-Outlet* CRABTREE A • NAME • SYNONYMOUS • WITH • PROGRESS • IN • ACCESSORIES • AND, • SWITCH GEAR

“ C rabtree ” (Registered) C .2 27 /27 . Advt. of J. A. Crabtree & Co. Ltd.t Walsall, England. 4 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945

The logical way of lighting all The Duoflux consists of a Crysteel sorts of outdoor areas is by the Porcelain enamelled reflector on a provision of a flood of light from diecast neck. An adjustable bracket high above. The Duoflux, mounted piece is available in types to suit 25 or more feet above the ground pole top fixing or for clamping on a pole or wall, spreads the light round a pole, with sufficient adjust­ over the area in front of it, with ment to enable the light to be the supplementary reflector at the directed in the required way. A back adding punch to the beam. specular reflector behind the lamp No light is wasted upwards, and adds a beam to the general spread the fittings being placed at the of light from the main reflector. side no obstruction is caused by They are available in types to inconvenient poles. suit E.D. or Filament lamps. BĘN 7A M JM

The Benjamin Electric Ltd., Brantwood Works, Tottenham, London, N .I7 Telegrams : “ Benjalect, Southtot, London.” Telephone : Tottenham 5252 (5 lines) July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 5

A 7/43

he roads of the present he deep in the pash'

F o r every purpose demanding a de­ pendable high standard of performance, Alton stationary batteries are installed. Behind them is a tradition of craftsmanship in battery design and manufacture and of efficient and reliable performance in service. The established traditions associated with the name of Alton define the standard of the future and point to the choice of Alton batteries for services of vital importance. ALTON BATTERIES OF MERIT

THE ALTON BATTERY CO. LTD. (Sole Suppliers of FU LLER Stationary Batteries) ALTON, HANTS. Telephone : A lton 2 26 7 and 226 8 Telegrams : 4Battery, Alton'. 6 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945

For Quality-first reasons specify Walsall Conduit and Conduit Fittings and ensure the most satisfactory type of installation.

WALSALL CONDUITS LTD . WEST BROMWICH July 6 , 1 945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 7

STIJRTEVAAT ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS

L a r g e arid S m a l l S c a l e P l a n t s f o b E l im in a t in g R u s t , E u m e a n d R i s t

Special designs for prevention of oil haze in machine shops and removal of welding fumes, cleaning of air of atmospheric dust for optical, photographic and similar work.

O ur reference W l 14/U will gladly supply full particulars.

Sturtevant engineering Co. Lt d . 2 5 .W 0 RCESTER Road. Sltton.Sirrev.

T e l e p h o n e : V i g i l a n t 2275 8 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945

I

CLCIIKU ¿m unu b y THE G ALVANAX PROCESS

is approved by the A.I.D. when a zinc coating is specified as a substi­ tute for Cadmium plating owing to a shortage of the latter metal. For fast deposits on wrought iron and steel it is unequalled In colour,* simple to operate, and has excellent throwing power besides providing efficient protection from rust.

GREAT HAMPTON STREET BIRMINGHAM 18 July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 9

On war duty with every branch of the Services. B.I. Radio Frequency Cables have established a reputation for accuracy of transmission characteristics and sound manufacture. The diversity of their applications will increase considerably with the coming peace and for those in industry who are looking ahead the assistance of the B.I. Technical Advisory Service is at all times available. Further details will be sent on request. BRITISH INSULATED CABLES LIMITED Head Office: PRESCOT. LANCS. T e le p h o n e PRESCOT 6571

L O N D O N OFFICE: SURREY HOUSE. EMBANKMENT. W .C.2. . TELEPHONE^ TEMPLE BAR 7722 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945

An example of specialised design—a wall bushing for Anode cooling water on Radio Transmitter Equipment. We make many types of insulators for all purposes, and it may be worth your while to consult us before you finalize your design. STEATITE & PORCELAIN PRODUCTS LIMITED Head Office: Stourport-on-Severn. Wnrcj Telephone: Stourpon 111 Telegrams: Steatain. Stourpon July 6, 1945 Electrical Review 1 1

THE SINGEE-DISC POLYPHASE METER .-//f 'tmnGiïcw c a n (ye o b ta in e d h a m J e v i a r i t i

FERRANTI Ltd., Hollinwood, Lancs. LONDON OFFICE: KERN HOUSE, KINGSWAY, W.C.2 12 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945 ELECTRONIC ------VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE / “W it h h a n d o r c o m p l e te a u t o m a t ic c o n t r o l FOR ALL VARIABLE SPEED POWER DRIVES ifn m A.C. SU PPLY V .------L___■ - f , • • , . - s / M

B y H U G H S

" U o A C & p e e e C " I b A i v e - Illustration shows automatic “ \ arispeed” Drive on “ Lancaster” spar boom milling machine, the latter having multiple “ Varispeed ” motors, the one shown giving 75 B-H.P. Write for descriptive leaflet from the patentees THE E LECTRIC CONSTRUCTION C ? UP WOLVERH AM PT ON 'Jelephon.e 21455(7Unui M ulti-way Multi-pole up to 25 amps.

Shows locking device—one o f the 44 RS ” features

The “ RS ” Switch incorporates

0 Ease o f m ounting.

O Pointer shaped moulded handle.

O Simple locking device.

O Self-aligning contacts.

O Contact inspection in situ.

O Stud type terminals.

ROBUST CONSTRUCTION THROUGHOUT!

W rite for descriptive leaflet 93AI. Contact inspection cover removed. FERGUSON, PAILIN LIMITED M A N CHESTER, 11 N G L A N •p h o n e DROYLSDEN 1301 (8 lines! LONDON: Temple Bar 8711/2 BIRMINGHAM Sutton Coldfield 2744 GLASGOW: Centra' 5080 488 RS2 July 6, 1945 14 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w

A COMPACT AND PRECISE WAVEMETER FOR USE IN ALL CLIMATES

VERY ship and shore radio E station must have, as an essential part of its equipment, a wavemeter that is absolutely reliable under all conditions.

The Rediffusion 605A Wavemeter has been constructed to have a discrimination of 0.1 per cent, over CIRCUIT OF THE REDIFFUSION 60ya WAVEMETER a range of frequencies from 100 to 43,000 kilocycles (3,000 to 7 meters'). functioning of a very low-power This range is covered by using radiating circuit. eight interchangeable coils, which are The wavemeter unit is light and1 carried in a separate case and are compact, weighing only 7J pounds, used in conjunction with a graph and is 5"x8"x8". The construction card made out for each individual throughout has been designed to coil. Tuning is by means of a variable resist severe variations of climate in condenser. most parts of the world. The eight The 605A Wavemeter is normally coils are carried in a case of similar used for frequency measurement of a size weighing 4 pounds. In use the transmitting station, and as a stan­ coils are attached to two terminals dard by which to tune a transmitter placed on the side of the wavemeter. output. It can also be used to in­ This instrument is available now. dicate the resonance of modulated Further details can be sent on carrier waves, and to indicate the request. REDIFFUSION Ltd. Designers and Manufacturers of Radio Communication and Industrial Electronic Equipment

(SUBSIDIARY OF BROADCAST RELAY SERVICE LIMITED) VICTORIA STATION HOUSE, LONDON, S.W.I Telephone .Victoria 8831 July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 1 5

The old man is a craftsman...

" H e 's a w h a t ? " asked the Young Apprentice.

“ A Craftsman ” repeated the Oldest Employee. “ Oh /” said the Y.A. “ I thought you said something else.'' “ It comes to the same thing. Nothink I do or you do or anyone does is good enough for his lordship. See ?” “ / can't say as I do ” said the Young Apprentice. “ You will! ” muttered theOldest Employee darkly. “ I bin watching you, me young cockalorum, and if you take my tip you ’11 go and get another jo b —where being ’am- ’anded and ’alf-witted is an advantage. Go and be an ’eavyweight boxer. Get a job in one o f these ’ere Ministries. You won’t never do no good here.” ‘ ‘ Why not ?” asked the Young Apprentice. “ Because the Old M an’s a Craftsman ” said the Oldest Employee. “ He ain’t never satisfied with nothing and nobody. Not even me. I believe he ’ates ’isself ! ’e ’U certainly ’ate the very sight o f you. ’E ’s a craftsman.” ‘ ‘ He certainly sounds like i t ! ’ ’ said the Young Apprentice.

U M U U i i crv Specialists in Lightweight, Pneumatic & Electric Portable Tools DESOUTTER BROS. LTD., (D ep{ R ), The Hyde, Hendon, “London, N .W .9 . Telephone : Colindale 6346-7-8-9 July 6, 1945 16 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w

FOSTER TRANSFORMERS & SWITCHGEÀR Ltd (INCORPORATING FOSTER ENGINEERING COMPANY) SOUTH WIMBLEDON. LONDON. S.W.I?

Crypton Equipment Ltd. Associated Companies .- _ Lancashire Dynamo & Crypto Ltd. July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 17

Ellison high voltage truck switchgear complies with. B.S. N o. 116, Part i , 1937, is proved by test for thermal rating and mechanical endurance and carries A.S.T.A. certificates for making and breaking capacities. 18 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w July 6

VISCOSE DEVELOPMENT CO. LTD. Woldham Road, Bromley, Kent. »Phone : Ravensbourne 2641 5 Electrical Review, July 6, 1945

6 2 ,5 0 0 k V

This B.E.T. 62,500 kVA Transformer in transformers for 47 years. There is

is going into its tank to give years of nothing in transformer construction for

service. Its duty will be a responsible which B.E.T. experience does not provide

one but it goes out with the confidence . an answer. This experience is at your

of its makers. B.E.T. have specialised service.

British Electric Transformer i Company Limited In association with CROMPTON PARKINSON LIMITED

ELECTRA .HOUSE, VICTORIA EMBANKMENT, LONDON, W.C. 1 ...... r e VICTORIA ' . 2 0 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w July 6, 1 9 4 5

) " Ie/con '* cables by courtesy of telegraph Construction & Maintenance Co Limited “ALKATHENE”

the original POLYTHENE

is the outstanding discovery of recent years in the plastics industry. As a dielectric for high frequency cables it has greatly aided the development of world communications in wartime. The return to peace will facilitate its use for other purposes. For full information please write to. IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES LTD., LONDON, S.W.l i July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 21 Tasmania thanks itq iisk S e c b ic ilêèi&vs

“ English Electric" water turbine driven alternator sets as 'installed at Tarraleah and Waddamana power stations, Tasmania

In the report issued by the Hydro-Electric Commission of Tasmania tor 1943/44, under the heading “ Power Production,” the following passage appears. “ That Great Britain was able to build for us and to deliver to Tasmania these large turbo-generators .... whilst fighting for her existence . ... is an achieve­ ment which we propose to record on each machine Thus these historic units will remain as lasting symbols of the indomitable courage and solidarity of the Empire ” w h e re v e r there is a power plant problem “ English Electric” research workers, designers and engineers have the knowledge, experience and resources to provide the answer.

THE ENGLISH ELECTRIC COMPANY LIMITED

w r r m s / e r 'é C Z m è t w i.m .h v m .ri d i i i STAFFORD-PRESTON • RUGBY- BRADFORD QUEEN'S HOUSE • KINGSWAY-W C 2

EE. I 6, 1945 2 2 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w July

Expert advice for water users

Pumping and conveying water to where you want it take a lot of power (and much fuel and money). Water is even more precious if it has been heated or purified in your works. How to make the best use possible of your water supply is told in these handy booklets :

FUEL ECONOMY BY WATER SAVING BLO W -DO W N (.Bulletin No. 35) {Bulletin No. 31) Too often the blowing down of This is a survey of the economies boilers is merely a matter of (many of them substantial) that routine, bearing no relation to are possible in water supply for need. Excessive or insufficient boiler feed, drinking and washing, blow-down are both serious fuel process and cooling. It tells you, wasters. This Bulletin tells you too, how to clean water mains and why, when and how much to blow plant, and how to keep them clean. down. THE UNORTHODOX USE OF WATER TREATMENT (Bulletin No. 39) ECONOMISERS {Bulletin No. 30) The correct treatment of water, This Bulletin shows how to obtain whether for boiler feed, cooling or the maximum results from your process is a matter for the specialist. feed-water economiser. Some of This Bulletin surveys the whole the suggestions may be new to field and describes briefly the you, e.g., the use of a condemned methods available for overcoming plant for process water heating or your difficulties. as an air heater.

A SOUND ANSWER to practically every problem of fuel economy is quickly found in these Fuel Efficiency Bulletins. Keep a list of their titles handy; then you can turn up at once the particular Bulletin you need. The Bulletins are free from your Regional Office of the Ministry of Fuel and Power.

ISSUED BY THE MINISTRY OF FUEL AND POWER July 6 , 194 5 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 2 3 □ N LO AD TAP CHAN CER5

WE HAVE A COMPLETE RANGE — COVERING A ll standard voltages from 6,600 to 132,000. C u rre n t ratings from 50 amps, to 600 amps. Resistor o r Reac­ tor type. Front cover inspection or drop down tanks. Manual, Push Button or Fully Automatic Control. We illustrate two tap changes, one for 11,000 Volts 50 amps, and one fo r 66,000 Volts 350 amps, w ith a double set of contacts for ‘‘ buck and boost.” ASEA ASEA ELECTRIC LIMITED TELEPHONEAssociated with Fuller Electrical & Mnfg. Co. L td . LARKSWOOD 2350 (10 lines) HEAD OFF|CE; FULBOURNE ROAD,

AUTOSYNCRO, TELEX, London WALTHAMSTOW, LONDON, E.I7 2 4 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w July 6. 1945 “ S U N LITE ” COMMERCIAL LIGHTING UNITS

A modern type for a Modern world. Efficient as well as good looking.

. REF. Diam. o f Length Lamp No. Reflector Overall Recommended W atts

CL I860 I 3 f 36" 150/200

STOCKS ARE AVAILABLE

: THE “ SUNLITE MAJOR ’ THE SUN ELECTRICAL CO. LTD 118-120 CHARING CROSS ROAD, LONDON, W.C.2 BRANCHES AT LEEDS, NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE AND SLOUGH Are you troubled by varnish throwing from high speed m otors ? then consult- GRIFFITHS BR0S.&CO.LONDON LTD PAINT, ENAMEL & INSULATING VARNISH SPECIALISTS MACKS ROAD, BERMONDSEY S.E.I6 First in the field, o f British Insufatimj vamsri Manufacturées - andstid foremost July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 2 5

HACKBRIDGE ELECTRIC CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD. -ON-THAMES * SURREY Telephone: Walton-on ■Thames 760 (8 lines) Telegrams:Hewittic, Walton-on-Thames 2 6 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w July 6 , 1 9 4 5 MICRO-LATHES MODERN SMALL PRECISION BENCH LATHES

Grinding external taper on Pultra Micro Lathe utilising Grinding Attachment VIO. MANY OTHER ACCESSORIES AVAILABLE

A post-war market winner, with interchangeable bases, for suction cleaning and floor polishing. This dual purpose machine, designed by engineers specialising only in floor maintenance equipment, does both jobs better. Priority orders for Industrial, Commercial and Institutional use only can be accepted at present, but after the war housewives everywhere will clamour for Columbus. It will pay you to learn more about Columbus. Suction Cleaninq a n d Polish in q w ith THE SAME MACHINE —

Full particulars from the manufacturers: ROLLNICK & GORDON LTD. CAPITOL WORKS EMPIRE WAY, WEMBLEY, MIDDLESEX FROM POLISHER Showrooms : TO VACUUM CLEANER 0-82'REGENT ST. (OUADRANT ARCADE), W.l IN 5 SECONDS REGent 5771/2 July 6, 1945 Electrical Review ' 27 maXLUMe’

FLAMEPROOF FITTINGS FOR TUNGSTEN AND DISCHARGE LAMPS

CONSULT- London Office : BRETTENHAM HOUSE VERITYS LTD. LANCASTER PLACE ASTON - B’HAM 6 W.C.2

Depots at BIRMINGHAM - MANCHESTER - BRISTOL - GLASGOW NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE - LEEDS 28 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945

ALL INSULATED

FOR A L L PURPOSES “ Cressall” Sliding Resistances are manufactured in an immense variety of types and sizes to meet every known requirement. Every “ Cressall” Re­ sistance is of sound design and incorporates the best possible “ CRESSALL” workmanshi p—yet Back-of-Board S lid in g PRICES IRE COMPETITIVE Resistance with bevel wheel drive f o r fin e regulation — w ith Hand­ wheel and Dlalplata for m o u n tin g 31 & 32 TOWER 8TREET BIRMINGHAM Phone: Aston Cross 3463/4 Grams: Ohmic, Birmingham

Please send us your enquiries— and ask for descriptive literature

BEVERLEY WORKS, AIMA. STREET, BIRMINGHAM.6'

ALSO HOT STAMPINGS SPRINGS AND FRESSWOHK

Yours faithfully REDFERN STEVENS LTD

SPOTLIGHTS - FLOODLIGHTS - DIMMERS STAGE BATTENS AND FOOTLIGHTS THEATRE AND CINEMA EQUIPMENT SPECIAL DISCOUNTS TO TRADE

D. W A LTER & CO. LTD . Actual Manufacturers 61-63 LANT STREET, LO ND O N , S.E.I TELEPHONE: HOP 365I July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 2 9 m m m m m KEXCEMENT A Stable Silica Cement derived from a Silicic Ester

Research Staffs in, the Electrical Industry will be interested to ■É know that there is now available a cement that combines the properties of Ioo % insulation with complete heat resistance. It consists of an inert filler with an inert binder and is free from electrolytes and thus non-corrosive. It can be diluted to give a thin wash, or used as a paste or putty. These properties have for instance found considerable application in cementing the element & in electric irons, and cementing the filament of infra­ red lamps. There may be many other instances where a stable silica cement—derived from a Silicic Ester— can be of considerable help. A ll enquiries will receive expert advice as to the application of Kexcemenl to your problem.

Kautex Plastics Eld Elstree, Herts. Elstree 1777

The news ijou've been waiting for

Bureo Electric Wash Boilers are^ now being supplied without licence or perm it.

New Bureo Model 600 ” now in production, incorporates new features and improvements

W rite for particulars BURCO LTD., ROSE GROVE, BURNLEY

ELECTRIC INASH BOILERS C M S E L C O Save liqht and help to Fiqht

C H S E K i * L I M I T E 0 * BEDFORD 31 July 6. 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w

for WHARFS & CRANES JOHNSON & PHILLIPS LIMITED CHARLTON, LONDON, S.E.7 menú that MLCMS thci m toûi/ùix (ÿjuûlibÿ- Juiy 6, 1945 32 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w

In some new product you con­

template, in some improvement

to a machine in production,

there is certain to be a use for

a new type of spring, perhaps

never thought of before. We

have been thinking, designing

and making springs for nearly

50 years. There is a wealth of

enterprise, experience and tech­ VENT-AXIA nical knowledge at your service. for better Air Conditions THE TEMPERED SPRING (o. Lid.

ATTERCLIFFE ROAD, SHEFFIELD 4

VENT-AXIA LTD. 9 VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, S.W.l AND AT GLASGOW &. MANCHESTER July G, 1945 Electrical Review 33 For RELIABILITY Under the Most ARDUOUS Conditions . . . Specify “ ERSKINE HEAP”

PiQOS THE SYMBOL OF RELIABILITY

Having built up our world-wide reputation on reliability and low maintenance costs, we are proud to include some of the largest industrial firms and undertakings amongst our customers to-day.

M ay we Have Your Enquiries ? ERSKINE. HEAPftC*U* Head O ffic e : V*. London Office: GRAND BUILDINGS, BROUGHTON, MANCHESTER 7. ¿IVlltngCUT TRAFALGAR SQUARE, W.C.2. Phone: DEAnsgate 4561 (4 lines). fll I Q Phone : ABBey 2748-9. Grams : ‘ ' Electron,” Manchester. IC lllblo Grams : “ Erskineap, Phone, London.” BRANCH OFFICES AND AGENCIES IN ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD EH458 34 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945

M o p u m p

for general water service or for accelerating flow in lo w pressure In Iron,Stee I & Phosphor bro heating systems. a/so COMPLETE r e d u c t i o n ! Robust unit con­ UNIT§ GEARED MOTORS ETC. struction, no coupling, no baseplate, small space occupied. CRDFT RHODES, BRYDON £f YOUATT LTD. 5 (engineers) LTP BRADFORD ENG S tockport w...«‘SSSr.?SKV«fc England. telephone. 1/980 /2 /mes Jelegmms Croft/rs Bradford ^ 7 LARGEST SOLE MAKERS OF MILLGEARING PRODUCTS July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 35

METALCLAD AIR INSULATED SWITCHGEAR

VERTICAL ISOLATION PATTERN Ratings up to 600 amperes at 1 1 kV. Photograph shows an installation consisting of a 10-panel V.A.5 metal- clad air insulated switch­ board. Send your enquiries to

______8.35 E l e c t r i c a l ENGINEERING "LOUGHBOROUGH' ENGLAND Branches: LONDON. MANCHESTER, LEEDS. BIRMINGHAM, NEWCASTLE, GLASGOW, CARDIFF, BATH. BELFAST, DUBLIN D 36 E lectrical Review July 6, 1 9 4 5

ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES

w s i ą

The reputation acquired in pearly half a century’s dili­

gent labour is no small asset. W e prize it too highly

to produce any appliance which is WW « • w w % - % § 'm nQt a credit to our name. In fact,

the upholding of your esteem is the foundation of our

------. . . . . ------....-TL iviftffumuiuncno L lT D . Kangley Bridge Road , Lower Sydenham . S. E. 26

Test Inflation of Airmen's Dinghies BY HOOVER BLOWER If Blowers, Rotary Transformers, Fractional Horse Power Motors and Generators enter into your post-war plans, consult us now. HOOVER LTD makers of T H E WORLD’S BEST CLEANER HOOVER LIMITED. PERIVALE. GREENFORD. MIDDLESEX July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w - 37

W E specialise in power cables for all voltages. Manufacture and installation are under the close technical control of our fully equipped and specialised organisation.

S t a n d a r d POWER CABLES

Advertisement of Standard Telephones and Cables Limited, North Woolwi cJA, £. 16 July 6 , 1945 38 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w

The illustrations on this page show a few installa­ tions of Metrovick Engine Type Generators.

l.OOOkWMetrovickEngine Type Alternator with closed circuit ventilation. Installed in the West Indies and driven by aCrossley Premier Vis-a-Vis 212 r.p.m. Gas Engine-

375 B.Hp.375 r.p.m. Browett 450 kW Metrovick Alternators Lindley Steam Engine driving driven by Beiliss & M or com a Metrovick 250 kW 4,000 Diesel Engines in a British Power Volt Alternator at a Chinese Station. C o a l M ine.

fcng ators sen“

1 of 2 Metrovick 120 kW 500 r.p.m. Alternators driven by a Beiliss &. Morcom Steam Engine at a Laundry. C A IO I

IMPROVE YOUR LIGHTING in consultation with ÿ^ ljn vd tfctio ti METROVICK'S ILLUMINATING ENGINEERS E lectrica l R ev iew Managing Editor : July 6, 1945 Hugh S. Pocock, M.I.E.E. Technical Editor : Commercial Editor : Contents :— C. O. Brettelle, M.I.E.E. J. H. Cosens Page Contents continued:— Page Editorial—Back to Normal 1 Commerce and Industry . 23 Widespread Distribution 3 Recent Introductions . 26 Overhead Line Charts—11. By J. S Transmission Line Surges. By R. J. F o rrest, M .A ., B.Sc. . II Birkinshaw, Graduate I.E.E. . 27 Correspondence 13 Electricity Supply . 31 Personal%nd Social 15 Financial Section . . 32 W in d P ow er 18 Manufacturers’ W ar W ork—VII . 36 E.I.B.A. Report 19 New Patents .. . 38 E.D.A. Activities . 19 Contract Information . 39 Views on the News 20 Supply In Manchester . . 40 M axim um D em and Tariff. By W . B Askew, A.M.i.E.E. 21 Classified Advertisements . 71 Electrical Development 22 Index to Advertisers . 82

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Vol. CXXXVII. No. 3528. JULY 6, 1945 9d. WEEKLY

Back to Normal A Concession with Some “ Ifs ”

A N Y relaxation of wartime restrictions some sort of domestic installation for £10 - ■ is to be welcomed—even when but something more than this will be advantage cannot be taken of it. Of this necessary with more advanced ideas of nature is the decision of the Ministry of electrical convenience and considerably Fuel and Power, communicated to elec­ higher costs. It remains to be seen whether tricity supply undertakings by the Elec­ the necessary licences will be granted : up tricity Commissioners, that normal to £100 the matter is in the hands of the electrical development may be resumed. local authorities. It is only here and there that the con­ Those who secure temporary houses cession will make any immediate difference, will be the fortunate ones ; their installa­ for the special cases to which the affording tions will be included in the plans. of new or additional supplies was permitted Others will not find it so easy unless they still take first place. It is only when these happen to be in areas where there is not are satisfied, and there is still labour and much rural or industrial work waiting to material to spare that the wants of other be done or war damage to be made good. consumers or would-be consumers can be They should also live on the routes of met. existing mains if they expect early attention. Labour is the principal limiting factor, Building Restrictions but as war contracts fall off and the need Apart from this deterrent there are one for new factories and extensions ends the or two other matters to be considered. demand for electricians’ services will The raising of loans is still subject to decline, probably rapidly, and they will Treasury control, but this will affect only be free for other work. There are also the larger schemes for assisted wiring and about 25,000 members of the Electrical hire and hire-purchase of equipment. A Trades Union in the Forces many of whom possibly more likely handicap is the limita­ will return to the electrical contracting tion imposed by the Ministry of Works on industry. building and civil engineering work, under which head electrical installations fall. In Equipment Available London and S.E. England a limit of £10 in Materials, the other direction in which any one year has been fixed (apart from there are shortages, were the subject of a an allowance for maintenance and repairs) recent survey by the Ministry of Works and and this is to be extended to the whole of other Government Departments. As we the country in August. It must be re­ reported last week, this showed that, in membered that the limit applies to all general, electrical installation equipment classes of building and civil engineering (with the exception of conduit) could be work and that electrical work will have to produced in sufficient quantities to meet all take its place with the rest. probable requirements. Electric cookers, Before the war it was possible to secure which are generally the first requirement, 2 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945 were said to be scarce (and the same applied women to be dealt with in a family spirit. to gas cookers) but it was apparently Instead of applying a “ means test,” the possible to obtain all the water heaters, voluntary workers for the Association wash-boilers and fires needed. Neverthe­ discover in what practical ways they can less it looks as though the “ ordinary ” help the unfortunate members of the consumer will have to possess his soul in industry. It is felt that the operations of patience for a little time yet. But, to the E.I.B.A. are not yet sufficiently widely adopt the language of some wartime known and all subscribers are asked to advertisements, he will be glad he waited. remedy this by bringing to their employees’ notice the publicity material which they T h e important scheme receive from time to time. The Associ­ Cable Merger for the amalgamation of ation’s reserve funds have now reached A pproved the businesses of Cal­ £100,000 which is satisfactory but not lender’s and British In­ excessive in view of anticipated future sulated Cables was approved by large demands which may possibly include the majorities at meetings of the shareholders of provision of homes for aged electrical both companies last week. The new merger people. company—British Insulated Callender’s Interm ittency o f out- Cables, Ltd.—has already been registered; Wind Power put and small individual it will have an initial issued capital of over capacity of isolated wind £11 million allocated to the stockholders of generators have hitherto prevented their the two companies and Callender’s Trust, contributing appreciably to public elec­ Ltd., in proportion to the market value of tricity supply. Developments referred to their holdings. Two principal advantages on another page, however, appear to fore­ which are expected to arise from the com­ shadow the construction of units large bination are a strengthened export position enough for interconnection with other and stability of employment for the com­ types of power station with a view.to panies’ workers. securing stability, provided wind velocities of about 20 M.P.H. can be counted on. L o n g - t e r m discussions Short periods of wind deficiency may be Supply in of the future of electricity less serious than is a seasonal lack of water T hanet supply in the area of the in the case of a hydro-electric station. Isle of Thanet Electric Reservoirs too small to guard against the Supply Co., Ltd., have culminated in effects of drought would suffice to smooth an application by the Margate and Broad- out fluctuations in wind power, so that a stairs local authorities for a Special Order combination of the two resources might empowering them to acquire the company’s correct to some extent the shortcomings undertaking in their own and adjacent o f each. areas. In 1936 the authorities agreed to A n early example of the postpone their purchase rights until International value of the right kind of December 31st, 1945, but they declined S tandards standardisation was pro­ to agree to further postponement and in vided about a century ago January last the Electricity Commissioners when Whitworth’s views regarding the losses consented to the authorities giving six incurred in the use of a number of kinds of months notice of their intention to purchase screw threads began to be accepted. National the company’s undertaking. The case is standardisation is not always enough, as of interest as it marks a departure from has been shown by serious delays and waste the wartime rule of suspension of purchase of man power in the production and up­ rights. keep of war material manufactured and O n c e again the annual used in common by the Allies. Differences The E.I.B.A.’s report of the Electrical in screw-thread standards as between Great W ork Industries Benevolent Britain and the United States alone have, Association stresses the the Ministry of Production estimates, sympathetic treatment accorded to the already added at least £25 million to the cases which come to its notice. “ As cold cost of the war to date and are likely to as charity ” certainly has no application to hinder post-war collaboration. Much is the E.I.B.A. which looks upon such cases hoped from the further conference to be as misfortunes of fellow electrical men and held in Washington next autumn. July 6, 1945 E l ectrica l R eview 3

k Mion Widespread ICH i Ilu Miot Di^trihution «¡Mi The Scheme of the Ayrshire kulił Electricity Board

FTER spending a few days studying the developments Wim AL of the Ayrshire Electricity I* w Board, by the courtesy of Mr, 1 tam William C. Bexon, chief engineer lé ib and manager, our outstanding im­ ekelnd pression of the Board’s distribution The 33-kV double-circuit line from Kilmarnock to Girvan system is that if it were to be laid has A-pole supports of home-grown Scots fir of o» down to-day to meet present con­ Alim ditions it would be very much the same shape and size, and often the industries have lied Hill despite the fact that it has been developed in a developed as the result of the availability of rather piecemeal fashion with the industrial electricity supply. One cannot, however, progress and growth of load during the past dismiss the relationship we have drawn with­ tM is thirty years or so. A feature of the area of out appreciation of the foresight shown by the ir tofo about 1,150 sq. miles covered, i.e., the whole responsible engineers in the earlier days of mus Ix; of Ayrshire, is the rather scattered nature of the piecemeal development by which it can be à olí industry, but certain areas can be cited as claimed that over the years the system has a viet,H representing industrial concentrations and been gradually built up to a design, a point o f i veto therefore load centres, which are served as much concern to the load builder as it is to Minted n directly by the primary transmission lines of the distribution engineer. :y miili the Board. We shall show, however, that the distribu­ :k o f « In an attempt to illustrate this relationship tion story does not end with an account of ic su® between the industrial concentrations and major lines serving concentration areas. the primary lines as they exist to-day, we have Ayrshire is a noted agricultural county, and to smooc superimposed a sketch, roughly geographical, practically the whole of it outside the con­ centration areas, and a good deal within them, , soüiai of the lines on a map indicating the con­ is intensely worked by “ those of the land ” rces # centration areas. The conclusion will be drawn that the industrial-concentralion areas who have not been neglected by the load ortcomiip coincide closely with the concentration .of builders, with the result that subsidiary lines burghs and built-up areas, but it must be exist everywhere to meet their requirements, nple of lin borne in mind that many,of the built-up areas all fitting into the major design. Rural jhikimtf have been created with the development of industries mingle with these agricultural was pi* industry during the period in which the activities too. enluiy W distribution system has grown to its present There are two sources of incoming supply of kinds* d.Naliona enough, » s and was* in and op •lured aid Different« ween Git* jone to* estimo18 •on io to likely * M uch» There are two source? of incoming supply in the area ; one (shown) is the grid substation at X to I* Ardrossan on the coast towards the north of the area 4 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945

outside the area in question, but Ard­ rossan is used for “ importation ” only. Probably, however, a greater influence on

The 33-kV line is fed from a step-up substation near the Kilmarnock power station in which are installed two 5,000-kVA transformers in the area. One is the Board's 85,000-kW generating station at Kilmarnock which operates in conjunction with an adjacent grid sub­ station, and the other is another

The Kilmaurs section tower and substation is equipped with ground- operated section switches and a 22-kV/ I 1-kV transform er serv­ ing the area networks The establishment of 22- kV lines was the logical grid substation at development compatible with load growth and Ardrossan on the technical progress;“ Kay ” coast towards the tower supports are used ; note duplicate insulators north of the area. for special crossing at These two grid sub­ K ilm a u r s stations are, of course, connected the distribution to the grid system scheme under review is the link at 132 kV between the two points, i.e., Kilmarnock and Ard­ rossan. To cite a few examples of the relation­ ship we are trying to express, firstly there is No. 1 area (the numbering

The isolating tower at Glen- garnock is a feature of the Kilrnarnock-Glengarnock line and is the prim ary splitting up point for the area

is our own purely for con­ venience in presenting this article) roughly at the north corner of the county and bordering on Renfrewshire July 6. 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w in which the following industries are respon­ Line from Kilmarnock to Kilbimie and sible for a concentration of load : iron and Glengamock, and there is a spur on this line steel, linen thread, fishing nets, cotton, from a point about a quarter of its length potteries, leather, furniture and lime. This from the far end to Lugton in the same area is served by a 22-kV double-circuit

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B a l l a n t r a e I I k V S Y S T E M , ------

M ip showing primary transmission lines and industrial concentration areas with acknowledgments to " Geographia ”) 6 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945

The following industries are active in No. 2 from Kilmarnock to Prestwick. No. 3 area area, which is roughly the central coastal is the central one of Kilmarnock and its district : coal, bauxite, concrete pipes, environs, with extensions to the north to foundries, chemical, glass-bottle, ship­ include Kilmaurs, Stewarton, Fenwick and building, textile, quarrying, airport (Prest­ Dunlop. It produces boots and shoes, wick), and woollen and leather goods. hydraulic equipment, locomotives, machinery This area is served by a 22-kV double-circuit for a variety of industries, foundry castings, line from Kilmarnock to Ayr, a double­ pottery and woollen goods. All the major circuit 11-kV line from Kilmarnock to lines from the supply source at Kilmarnock radiate through this area, and much of the load is therefore provided for by spur lines from the major feeders. For instance, on the 11-kV line to Irvine, there are loops at the villages of Dreghorn, Spring- side and Crosshouse to the west, while at Kilmaurs to the north there is a take-off from the 22-kV line to Kilbirnie.

Secondary substation at Knockinlaw supplied at 3-3 kV from a primary “ sub ” and serving the locality at low voltage

Ardrossan via Irvine, a single-circuit 11-kV line from Kilmarnock to Troon, and an 11-kV

An exception to the general 11-kV line construction scheme is the double-circuit line from West Kil­ bride to Largs which has steel lattice masts

Kilmarnock Burgh is also ringed by an 11- kV feeder taking in the Bonnyton, Knock- inlaw, Bishopfield and Blackwood areas.

A good example of five-wire vertical-formation low-voltage distribution In No. 4 area one is that at Fenwick has no difficulty in tracing the produc­ single-circuit line from Troon to Irvine. tion of foundry castings and fireclay goods There are also in this area the following and, in particular, lace. And to serve this underground feeders which are not shown there is a single-circuit 11-kV line from Kil­ on the map: one cable from Kilmarnock to marnock to Galston and a double-circuit Stevenston, one from Kilmarnock to Ard­ 11-kV line extending from Galston to Darvel. rossan, two from Kilmarnock to Ayr, and one From Mauchline in the next area to the south July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w another single-circuit 11-kV line links with Ayrshire’s beauty spots. The 11-kV section Galston and forms a ring main with the of the Kilmarnock, Ayr, Mauchline ring- double-circuit 22-kV line to Mauchline. main already referred to largely serves this 1 his line to Mauchline is the principal supply area, but the double-circuit 11-kV line circuit for No. 5 running south from area which is almost Ayr to Girvan by entirely covered by way of Maybole the Ayrshire coal­ serves the south of field which exercises the area as well by a great influence on means o f a small other industries, in­ ring main from cluding textiles. Maybole to Cross­ hill, Kirkmichael Advantage is taken of and Maybole. We the relaxed Regula­ tions of the Electricity Commissioners which perm it the absence of earthing; “ compensa­ tion ” is provided by special stay-wire in­ s u la to rs

Other feeders serv­ ing the area are a double-circuit 11- kV line which is tapped from a similar line running from Ayr south­ wards and extends to Mauchline via Polqu- hairn, so as to form a ring main with the 22-kV lines to Ayr and Mauch­ line. There is another double-circuit 11-kV line through this area from Mauchline to New Cum­ nock. No. 6 area to the The substation at Girvan is typical of the substations supplying south is also dominated small Scottish burghs by the coalfield, while the leather and boot and shoe industries are have already referred to the double-circuit prominently placed in it, and there are some 11-kV line serving Giivan in the south from residential areas to the south amid some of Ayr, while a wartime development to meet à chemical - industry demand in the area is a double-circuit 33-kV line from Kilmarnock. Of course, outside these major areas which we have de­ picted as having a close relationship with the distribution scheme design are other lesser concentrated areas, but there is no point in going beyond the limit we have set ourselves, Residential area substation at Largs designed to preserve the amenities of the district except perhaps to 8 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945 mention the essentially residential area and The line is fed from a step-up substation near the seaside resort of Largs in the north the Kilmarnock power station, in which are which are provided for by means of an installed two 5,000-kVA transformers having 11-kV double-circuit line from Ardrossan. a ratio o f 22 kV to 33 kV. There is no need to discuss in detail the construction of the various types of lines, because in the main standard equipment and methods have been used, but an outline of their types and mention of features en route will add interest and dovetail the lines into the scheme as a whole. The 33-kV double­ circuit line to Girvan has already been referred to as mainly a wartime develop­ ment. It has 0-10-sq. in. stranded copper conductors mounted on creosoted A-pole supports of home-grown Scots digger engaged in cable laying operations for a fir. The route length is about o-i |. in. 11-kV feeder from Girvan to Dailly 30 miles and no underground cable whatever is employed. By means of The establishment of 22-kV lines through­ ground-operated section switches the line has out the system was the logical development been divided into six sections. Difficulties some years back compatible with load growth were encountered during construction in and technical progress. The lines consist of obtaining suitable materials and labour single No. 0 SWG hard-drawn copper con­ owing to the war and because the line had to ductors on “Kay ” tower supports. They are be erected over some of the best agricultural double-circuit throughout. The duplicate land in the country and in parts of the insulator scheme at the road crossing poles at Kilmaurs is a point of interest, as is the Kilmaurs section tower and substation, which comprises a steel tower supporting ground-operated air-break section switches, and a step-down transformer of 2,000-kVA capacity, with a ratio of 22,000/11,000 V, which is used to feed into the area ' • 11-kV feeder network. The substation equipment which can be served by either circuit of the double-circuit line by means o f a change-over air- break switch, is used mainly over winter peak periods. The isolating tower at Glen- garnock is another feature of the Kilmarnock-Glengarnock line in that it is the primary An excellent scheme to preserve local amenities is the splitting-up point for the area low-voltage distribution at Straiton ; special cable under the eaves of the buildings and includes a 22- to 11-kV step-down distribution sub­ county where access was difficult, being at station. The only underground cable used an altitude of 800 ft. to 1,000 ft. above sea on the 22-kV lines is that at rail and road level and remote from the beaten track. crossings and where the route runs through July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 9 built-up areas. The grid substation at Kil­ established to serve a rotary substation for marnock is linked up with the 22-kV system supplying DC and individual consumers by and the 22-kV circuit-breakers controlling way of step-down transformers. The scheme the individual feeders are supplied via reactors also prevails in a good many residential and from 22-kV group feeder circuit-breakers shopping areas throughout the county, installed with the power station extensions mainly on account of the lack of suitable sites during the war years. for larger 11- or 22-kV substations in which The initiation of the 11-kV system was the extensive automatic switchgear would be result of the extension of the area of supply required. outside the burgh of Kilmarnock to various The usual plan is to establish a kiosk sub­ other burghs and large consumers in the station which is supplied at the secondary county area. The lines then consisted of voltage from a primary substation equipped single three-wire circuits made up of No. 0 with a transformer with a ratio of either 22 kV SWG hard-drawn copper conductors mounted or 11 kV to 3-3 kV. These kiosk substations on creosoted Norwegian red-fir poles. The have capacities from 100 kVA to 250 kVA, first consumer in the county to be supplied in and a good example is the one at Knockinlaw this way was the Hillhouse Quarry Co., near in the north section of the Kilmarnock Troon. These lines were gradually extended district, which houses h.v. and l.v. switch­ over the years as the supply area grew and gear and transformers for local l.v. distribu­ as the work of the load builders produced tion. The 3-3-kV overhead distribution lines results. are of simple construction with 0-1 sq. in. h.d. copper conductors mounted on single Cable Networks fir poles. An exception to the construction scheme In a general way the bulk of the distribution described is the 11-kV double-circuit line substations can be classified by reference to from West Kilbride to Largs which has their service. We have already cited the in­ OT-sq. in. conductors carried by steel lattice door substation at Ardrossan as typical of masts. The grid substation at Ardrossan by the larger burgh or built-up area substations, which the incoming supply to the area is and the substation at Girvan may be taken as supplemented is linked with the 11-kV representing a typical means of supplying the system, and an indoor substation at this small Scottish burghs. It is fed from the burgh has a direct connection at 11 kV from 11-kV lines from Ayr and controlled on the the grid substation. This indoor substation 11-kV side by automatic switchgear. It has is representative of supply sources to the two primary 11- to 3-3-kV transformers which fairly large burghs and built-up areas where serve a ring main in the town in which are the consumers are mainly served from linked three local distribution substations for underground networks. The 11-kV overhead stepping down to the underground-network system was reinforced by underground cables voltage of 415/240. The substation also in the built-up areas to the west and in controls an 11-kV spur line to Ballantrae particular where there are opportunities to 11 miles further south. pick up consumers en route. The cables are all three-core p.i. and armoured equipment, Area Substations laid direct in the ground and they vary in The substation at Mauchline is representa­ size from 0-25 sq. in. in the case of the Kil­ tive of those supplying an area, as against a marnock to Prestwick feeder, to 0T5 sq. in. burgh or built-up district. It is fed from two in the case of the two Kilmarnock to Ayr 22-kV feeders and has a capacity of 8,000 kVA feeders. In the major transmission scheme in two transformers, fitted with automatic on­ described above every opportunity is taken to load tap-changing equipment, with a ratio of establish ring mains or double-circuit or 22 kV to 11 kV. The 11-kV side serves the multiple-feeder schemes, some of which we district county area while an 11-kV to 415-kV have already referred to, while others are transformer serves for local distribution. shown on the map of the system. An example of a substation for an in­ There is a good deal of secondary distribu­ dividual consumer is that at Blackwood & tion throughout the area at 3-3 kV, and this Morton’s carpet factory, Kilmarnock, which scheme really has its roots in the burgh of is equipped for 11-kV ring-main control, with Kilmarnock where the 3-3-kV three-phase, a 500-kVA transformer and a factory service 50-cycle system represented the first break­ l.v. control unit. away from the initial DC scheme and was The pole-mounted transformer is popular 10 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945 for affording supplies to individual consumers overhead l.v. distribution is usually in or small areas in the rural districts, par­ five-wire vertical formation with 0-1, ticularly farms. We cannot recall seeing a 0-125 and 0-15 sq. in. conductors. A good residential area substation built expressly to example is that at Fenwick. preserve the amenities of the district which The Board’s engineers speak very favour­ better merges into its surroundings than one ably of the work of the “ Buckeye ” digger at Largs. which we saw trenching for cable-laying on a The Royal Burgh of Ayr originally had its new run from Girvan to Dailly, about eight own power station, but following the forma­ miles, for 0-1 sq. in. 3-core, 11-kV, I.e. p.i. tion of the Ayrshire Electricity Board 22-kV d.s.a. cable. It is a petrol-engine-driven overhead feeders were erected between Kil­ machine, operating on the dredger principle marnock and the Ayr power station. Control and running on caterpillar tracks. The dredger switchgear and transformers were installed buckets throw the soil from the trench on to and a high-voltage feeder and low-voltage a short endless conveyor disposed normally three-phase distributor system laid in the to the line of operation and projecting at town and a change over from DC to AC was each side. The trench is about 2 ft. 6 in. carried out. Thereafter all steam plant was deep in this case, but it can be varied up to scrapped and the site thus became the main 8 ft. 6 in. deep. The width of the trench can centre for the control of all feeders radiating be varied from 13 in. to 2 ft. 6 in. A normal from Ayr south, east and north, and for the trenching speed is about a mile in eight hours. local distribution. There are incoming About forty different speeds are'available to supplies at both 11 kV and 22 kV, and out­ both the crawler and the conveyor by means going at 11 kV to the south and east. These of a comprehensive series of gears. circuits operate both ways—into and out of An excellent scheme to preserve local Ayr. Distribution schemes throughout the amenities is the l.v. distribution at Straiton, town at 11 kV, 3-3 kV and 415 V are all fed where “ Wethertex ” is seen under the eaves from this substation. The transformers are of the picturesque buildings. In order to housed in the old condenser basement and afford supplies to the outlying areas of the switchgear is mounted on the old control Muirkirk and Dalmellington which lie some galleries. It is the general practice of the Board distance from the main transmission lines, to adopt underground distribution systems opportunities have been taken to obtain within the burghs and urban areas generally, “ incoming ” supplies from the local colliery and overhead distribution in the rural areas. generating stations. Electricity is purchased by the Board from the colliery owners and is Underground Rural Supplies distributed throughout the isolated areas by In dealing with rural supplies at h.v. the the Board’s lines. Metering is effected at the special rural cable now permissible under the colliery power stations. The supply in each relaxed Regulations of the Electricity Com­ case is 415-Y, three-phase, four-wire. missioners is extensively used. It consists of three-core 0-016-sq. in. p.i., I.e., served, Administration System but unarmoured cable, trenched in the normal Much of the construction work throughout way and covered with marker tiles. It is used the system is done by direct labour, and particularly in areas to be developed by town generally all new construction is conducted planning, or in places where overhead lines from headquarters. It is often expedient, would spoil the local amenities. Its cost however, for some of the smaller work to be compares favourably with that of overhead carried out by the superintendent responsible lines, and it has the advantage of overcoming for the district concerned. There are four wayleave difficulties. Associated with this districts, and in each case the superintendent development is the overhead-line scheme now is responsible to the distribution engineer for permitted under the Regulations without the maintenance of that part of the system earthing arrangements. “ Compensation ” within his area and for ordinary service con­ for the absence of earthing equipment is nections, etc. provided by stay-wire insulators, each con­ We are indebted to Mr. William C. Bexon, sisting of two wood slats about 5 ft. 6 in. long under whose direction the whole of the .with arcing horns and porcelain strain in­ distribution system has been designed and sulators. On the l.v. side standard under­ developed, for facilities to study the system, ground cables of from 0-075 sq. in. to 0-20 and to members of his senior staff, for help sq. in. are used and buried normally, while in obtaining the above^information. July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 11 Overhead-Line tiiarts—II Load-Carrying Capacity and Voltage Drop r W I H E basic considerations B y J. S. Forrest, These figures are based on a governing the construction m .a., b.Sc. , F./nst.P. conductor temperature rise of of voltage-drop charts have 30 deg. C, an ambient temp­ been discussed.* On most lines, it is the erature of 20 deg. C, a wind velocity of two voltage drop which limits the load-carrying miles per hour and maximum solar capacity, but if the line is very short, or if the radiation in this country. Very similar values load has a high or a leading power factor, are obtained for still air, and no solar radia­ care should always be taken to verify that the tion. If a higher temperature rise than maximum current-carrying capacity of the 30 deg. C is permissible, the currents may be conductor itself is not exceeded, even although the voltage drop may be small.

Current Limits The current limit of the conductor is usually determined by the temperature rise (under specified conditions of wind and ambient temperature) which will result in the maximum permissible sag. The large changes which occur in temperature rise owing to changes in wind velocity and solar radiation make it

Fig. 5.— 400 V line with 0.I0 sq. in. copper conductors increased in proportion to the square roots of the temperature rises. Thus, for a rise of 50 deg. C, the figures in the table should be multiplied by 1-3. The conductor material affects the tempera­ ture rise to some extent. Steel-cored alu­ minium conductors, with two layers of aluminium strands, have a current rating about 10 per cent. Table 2.— Currents fo r 30 deg. C. Temperature Rise higher than that of the equivalent copper Equivalent Amperes conductors. With steel- copper, sq. in. cored aluminium con­ 0 0 5 150 ductors having a single 0-075 200 layer of aluminium strands, the increase 0-10 250 Fig. 4.— 400 V line w ith 0.05 sq. in. copper conductors in AC resistance com­ 0-15 350 pensates for the difficult to specify precise limits for the current- 0-175 400 increased surface area carrying capacity of conductors. Approxi­ of the aluminium mate figures for the conductor sizes under 0-20 450 conductor, and the consideration are, however, given in Table 2. 0-30 550 current rating may be * The first article of this series was published in the 0-40 650 slightly less than that Electrical Review of June 22nd (p. 893). of the equivalent 12 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945 copper conductor. Such considerations are, extract the maximum information from the however, of little importance in practice, charts and solve almost at a glance practically and the figures given in the table may be any overhead line voltage-drop problem. used for copper, cadmium-copper, and steel- Charts for lines operated at 400 V are cored aluminium conductors. given herewith. Those for higher voltages Fortunately, peak loads seldom occur will appear in due course. These charts when the air temperature is high, and may be used without serious error for lines up to 100 miles in length. Longer lines will be considered more fully in a later article.

Example 1 (a) A 3-phase, 0-1 sq. in., low-voltage distribution line is 1 mile long, and supplies a motor load of 25 k W at a voltage of 400 V between phases and a power factor of 0- 7 lagging. W hat is the sending-end voltage? The transmitted load is 25 kW-miles as the line is 1 mile long, and reference to Fig. 5 shows that the voltage drop due

Fig. 6.—400 V line w ith 0.20 sq. in. copper conductors to this load at a power factor of 0-7 troubles due to the overheating of conductors lagging is 14 per cent. The sending-end are rare. Joint failures due to overheating, voltage is therefore 456 V. particularly in the case of steel-cored alu­ (b) What is the effect o f installing a 20-k VA minium lines, are not uncommon, however, static condenser at the receiving end e and care should be taken to ensure that the It is clear from Fig. 5 that the addition (in joints are at least equivalent to the con­ the leading direction) of 20 kVAR-miles will ductors in current-carrying capacity. increase the power factor to 0-98 lagging, It is hoped that with the aid of the previous and will reduce the voltage drop in the line introductory article the reader will be able to from 14 per cent, to 8- 5 per cent.

I.M.E.A. in the North-West HE annual meeting of the North-West suppliers would enable British industries »to T Eneland and North Wales Centre of the work off the gigantic burden of debt which Incorporated Municipal Electrical Association the war had placed upon them. at Liverpool on June 26th was preceded by a The Lord Mayor of Liverpool (Lord Sefton) luncheon given by the Liverpool Electric paid a tribute to the part played in the develop­ Power and Lighting Committee. Alderman ment of electricity supply bv the Association A. Critchley, chairman of the Committee throughout the country and he was supported presided and referred in a speech to the state­ in this by Councillor J. J. Sloan, vice-chairman ment of the power companies that 60 per cent, of the Liverpool Electric Power and Lighting of the municipal electricity supply authorities C om m ittee. had raised their charges during the war. He Mr. J. Eccles. dty electrical engineer, said said that only a few of the 350 municipal that it w as the Association’s duty'to see that authorities had increased their prices while 40 the rights of local authorities in the sphere of per cent, of the company undertakings had electricity supply were maintained and to done so. ... „ , . . . ensure that a cheap and abundant supply was Alderman Sir William Walker (president. made available to other industries. A vote of I.M.E.A.) referred to the importance ot Liver­ thanks to the Electric Power and Lighting pool in the national grid and said that by Committee was moved by Mr. W. P. Lilwall, producing power at a reasonable cost electricity immediate past-president. July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 13 CORRESPONDENCE] Letters should bear the writers' names ,and addresses, not necessarily fo r publication. Responsibility cannot be accepted fo r correspondents' opinions.

“ All-electric ” comparative lumen values, appears hard to believe, but when taking into account the 1VV AY I make a plea for greater care in the various types of lighting the electrical ^ use of the phrase “ all-electric ” ? In industry can give the public it is inconceivable. its correct sense it denotes the use of elec­ I feel that the decision, to revert from the tricity for all purposes, to the exclusion of twentieth century to the nineteenth has any other medium. But only too often been made without any regard to efficiency houses are described as “ all-electric ” when or economy. it is meant to convey thdt no gas is laid on, Feltham, Mx. K . C. D e r r i c k , regardless o f how many coal fires may be Student I.E.E. provided. For instance, it is reported that “ the The Domestic Consumer Stoke Newington B.C. has asked its Housing WN the beginning of his article Capt. J. M. Committee to consider the erection of a Donaldson in your issue of June 29th number of houses . . . with no provision expressed very fairly the feelings of the for coal fires, thus making them an experi­ average consumer about complicated and mental type of ‘ all-electric house.’ ” This varying charges for electricity. The result is clear. But more often one reads para­ was, alas ! only one more system added to graphs of the following type: “ Felling (Co. the list. Every engineer has his own ideas Durham)—All-electric Houses—The Urban on the subject and it is time that the tariff- District Council is to build 55 all-electric making mania ceased. houses at . . Here it is left to the Why is electricity so different from every imagination to decide what is meant; most other commodity bought by the man in the likely it denotes “ no gas,” with plenty street, not even excepting gas, that the highest of coal fires. mathematical brains must be employed to What is needed is a term to express the decide how much he shall pay per unit ? fact that in a house or housing estate no gas The secret is largely the “ promotional ” is laid on. “ All-electric,” however, should rate mentioned by your contributor. We be left to its proper province. must encourage consumers to use more, London, W.2. P. S c h i l l e r . and for longer hours. Do all these fancy rates produce that apparently much desired Is Retrogression Economical ? result ? I say definitely: “ No.” f AM enclosing for your attention, a A factory or a domestic consumer uses cutting from a leading newspaper the electricity when it is most needed, and not text of which appears to be paradoxical as otherwise, as it costs money. The fantastic it reports the proposed conversion of street floor space, blocks, rateable value, and other lighting at Sunbury and Ashford Common charges make no difference to the average from electricity to gas. It is difficult in tenant’s use of electricity. If he needs heat, these times of rapid development to imagine he will certainly use it regardless of the con­ the choice of gas for a new installation, but sequent expense. to convert from electricity to gas is, in my It seems to me that Capt. Donaldson estimation, alarming. confuses two distinct things. One is the cost Apparently gas is so economical that its of producing in country districts as compared installation, maintenance and fuel costs can with urban districts; the other, “ promotional ” compete against an established electrical charges to encourage the long-hour use of installation. Surely there must be something lots of electricity. While it is right to charge wrong somewhere; is it the incompetence more where capital charges caused by long of the electrical industry as a whole or an lines are heavier, this does not justify giving individual ? Such' a state of affairs is a town consumer choice of several ways of ridiculous and I would appreciate the paying for what he uses. He, the town user, comments of your readers. should pay per unit the m arket price, which This selection of gas against electric is regulated in the same way as the price of lighting for public use, if taken just on potatoes or butter, with no other trimmings i4 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945 such as floor space, size of rooms, lamps Portable Electric Tools installed, rateable value, maximum demand «MTTH reference to Mr. R . Bennett's and what not. letter in your issue of June 29th, the If the slightest proof were forthcoming use o f 25 V as a standard for portable tools, that all these fancy charges had any effect is, in my opinion, not justified from a safety in producing low peaks and steady twenty- point of view, nor do I think that it would four hour loads, then one uniform charge be practicable. and one only to that end should be instituted, Although by rewinding with the appro­ but all that happens is the consumer uses priate number of turns of heavier gauge wire, what he wants and when he wants it. The the standard 230-V universal tool can be undertaking supplies the power as and when converted for a 25-V circuit, the commutator, it is demanded. But, owing to his wise brush-gear and brushes, which having been choice of rates, one consumer, a fter he has designed to carry say, 1 A at 230 V, will, at used it in the way he chose at the time, pays 25 V, need to deal with 9 A. A number of less than another who had not studied such brushes rely on contact with the box brush- complex problems and chose the wrong rate holder only, and even brushes fitted with a for his particular habits. Moreover, the copper flexible lead would not carry the multitudes of poorer consumers to whom we boast we are introducing the conveniences heavier current. Pre-war switches for portable tools were of civilisation hitherto only within reach of reasonably good, considering that they were the rich, are paying the highest rates. They designed to be housed in the minimum space, are, in fact, paying for the large number of but even these would not stand up to many cheap rate units kindly supplied by benevolent “ stalls.” Switches now obtainable are often undertakings to factories and large domestic very far from satisfactory, and a robust type consumers with corresponding incomes. capable of dealing with the increased current W.E.B. could not be stowed away in the recess ■REGARDING Capt. J. M. Donaldson's already provided. constructive article in your issue of I have found, from long experience with all June 29th, I also am of the opinion that types of portable electric tools, that for only one system of charging should be the safety and trouble-free service there is very rule. When the grid was first mooted great little to complain about with 110-V three- things were promised such as cheap electricity phase, 200-cycle tools fed from a frequency for all, etc. Although the grid has been in changer. I know of no case of an operator commission for many years, what is the receiving a serious shock. position ? Consumers in some populous Many large engineering firms and most areas still have to pay anything from 6d. to car manufacturers use portable tools of this Is. per kWh for fighting; and electric heating, type. I know of one car firm which up to cooking, etc., are quite out of the question. the outbreak of war had used them for more In the writer’s business area, which is served than seven years, and their electrical engineer by the Glasgow Corporation, electricity is a stated that they had very little trouble— small item in one’s oncost and the electricity chiefly the renewal of ball races—and that undertaking has done exceedingly well for the cost of spares had averaged 2s. 5d. per its consumers. At my home address I am tool per annum. not quite so fortunate as my supply has to be Yeovil. C y r i l J. B e n n e t t , a . m . i .e .e ., purchased from a private company at a higher rate than that of the Glasgow Cor­ Electrical Engineer, poration, although my home is only a stone's Westland Aircraft, Ltd. throw from the latter’s area. I can sym­ pathise with the layman who cannot Jute Cables possibly be convinced as to the reason for t CONTRARY to expectations, jute-insulated such variations. cables have continued to be called for and There is certainly something wrong with they are still referred to in the I.E .E . W iring Rules. the numerous methods of charging for Therefore a new specification (8.S. 1216-1945) has been issued, dealing with sizes, resistances, electricity and if we are to get domestic voltage tests and the identification of cores, but consumers properly electrically minded, tt is not concerned with the composition, standardisation of price and drastic reductions quality, or durability of the insulating material. The document is obtainable i price 2s i from the in cost in all populous areas are necessary . British Standards Institution, 28 Victoria Glasgow, E.2. A l e x . M i l n e , S e n r . Street, London, S.W.l. July 6 , 1 9 4 5 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 15 PERSONAL and SOCLAL News of Men and Women of the Industry

Crompton Centenary Dinner.—To mark the Electric Supply Company, of which he has centenary of the birth of Colonel R. E. B. been a director for some years. He hopes to Crompton, C.B., the Association of Old Cromp- be back in civilian life in about five weeks’ time. tonians is holding a dinner at the Connaught Mr. J. N. Stephens, who has been re-elected Rooms on Wednesday, September 26th. The president of the Electrical Industries Benevolent hon. secretary of the Association would be Association for a second grateful if Old Cromptonians wishing to be year, has been working present would communicate with him at for the Association for Electra House,' Victoria Embankment, W.C.2. twenty-two years, for Wing Commander C. E. Verity, technical the last seventeen of engineer to the London Power Company, who which he had been a was seconded to the R.A.F. in 1941, was awarded member of its governing the O.B.E. in the recent Birthday Honours body. He had occupied List. the position of chairman of the Court for six Major C. V. Wattenbach, M.C.', who has years, and had been received the M.B.E., is a director of Dictograph chairman of the Relief Telephones, Ltd. He is at present serving with Committee for many H.M. Forces. years before that. Mr. J. W. Noble (Manchester) has been Mr. A. A. Rowse, M r. J. N . Stephens elected chairman of the Association of Super­ chairman of Venner vising Electrical Engineers and Mr. J. D. Griffiths Time Switches, Ltd., and S. G. Brown, Ltd., has (Birmingham), vice - been appointed honorary consultant and adviser chairman. Mr. J. J. to the Director of the Admiralty Compass Smith, M.I.E.E. (Lon­ Department. don) has been re-elected Mr. J. A. Hunn has retired from the board hon. treasurer. Messrs. of Laurence, Scott & Electromotors, Ltd., W. S. Gearing and G. H. and his position as director in charge of marine Parker have resigned sales will be taken by Mr. R. Clarke. Arising from the Council and out of the new appointment, Mr. J. Fitzgerald the vacancies have been becomes chief engineer, Switch Works, and filled by Messrs. A. E. Mr. J. Affleck takes charge of marine sales at Poole (Wolverhampton) the London office, where Mr. C. Jones remains and J. J. Wilson (Liver­ in charge of industrial sales. Two further pool). changes, not connected Mr. Noble is chief with the foregoing, are engineer to John Lewis, Mr. J. W . Noble the appointment of Mr. Ltd., Manchester. His P. Webb as chief of the Association activities include sixteen years A.C. Estimating Depart­ service as district representative for Lancashire, ment, in succession to Cheshire, North Wales and Isle of Man. Mr. Mr. A. Cook, who after Griffiths is supervising engineer with Reynolds a very long period of &- Bradwell, Birmingham; he was the first service with the com­ secretary, and is immediate past-chairman, of pany (and before the the Birmingham branch and represents the amalgamation, with Association on the City and Guilds Installation Electromotors, Ltd.), Advisory Committee. hopes to be a little freer Lieut.-Colonel R. M’Creary, M.C., general from the stress of com­ manager of Belfast Transport Department, will M r. R. Clarke mercial work as tech­ resume his duties with that Department on nical assistant to Mr. August 1st. Lieut.-Colonel M’Creary served P. A. Mossay, the director in charge of electrical in the 1914-18 War, and in the present war was development. mentioned in despatches and decorated for his Mr. Hunn, the retiring director, has been services in the Royal Engineers. with the company for forty-eight years. He Lieut.-Colonel N. R. Elliott until recently was apprenticed to the company and gained 163 C.R.E. Power to 21st Army Group, has his technical training at Finsbury. In the early been promoted colonel and appointed Deputy days of the application of electric power to Director of Works, 21st Army Group, with ships’ auxiliaries he was in charge of some of effect from April last. Colonel Elliott has also the pioneer work on battleships of the “ Dread­ been elected chairman of the Isle of Thanet nought ” class. He has been closely associated D? 16 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945 with the development of the company’s marine members of the Southern Divisional Meter electrical business and his service in the R.N.V.R. Engineers’ Group of the E.P.E.A. during 1914-19, when he attained the rank At the annual meeting of the Electrical Whole­ of commander and was awarded the O.B.E., salers’ Federation on June 20th, the vacancy on was of great practical value. But for the the Council, caused by the retirement pf Mr. volume of important Admiralty work in hand T. Woods (Downes & Davies, Liverpool) was he would have retired earlier. He will continue filled by the election of Mr. S. Whitlam (Hallam- to be closely associated with the company. shire Electric Co., Ltd., Sheffield). Mr. Hunn suffered the loss of his only son in the Mr. M. A. Fiennes has resigned from the Brush “ Thetis ” disaster. Electrical Engineering Co. to take up the post Mr. R. Clarke, the new director, was also of managing director of the Davy & United apprenticed to Laurence, Scott, in 1912, and Engineering Co., Sheffield. He will be leaving with short intervals in the army in 1914-19 the Brush organisation on July 31st. As and with the B.T.H. Co. on h,v. switchgear from August 1st Mr. D. B. Hoseason, design, has been with the company ever since. M.l.Mech.E., M.I.E.E., will be the director He has had considerable experience in the responsible for the turbine division of the design and manufacture of marine and industrial company, while still maintaining responsibility control gear and was appointed chief engineer for the electrical division. to the Switchgear Department in 1939. During the war, in addition to a great deal of develop­ Captain R. C. Petter, M.l.Mech.E., M.I.Mar.E. ment work on special control gear, he has been has resigned from the board of Associated responsible for the building and equipment British Engineering, Ltd. of a branch factory in which 90 per cent, Mr. H. J. Cox, who, has retired from the of the employees are unskilled women, many of position of assistant distribution engineer to the them out-workers—an experiment which has Birmingham Electric Supply Department after proved very successful. forty-three years’ service has been presented with an illuminated address. Mr. Cox is a The first meeting of the Social and Sports Club of Bruce Peebles & Co., Ltd., since the former chairman of the Midland Section of the start of the war was held on June 23rd. The Electrical Power Engineers’ Association. meeting was well attended and a most pleasant Aid. W. E. Sowter, M.B.E., chairman of the Bedford Electricity Committee, has been elected chairman of the South-East and East England Centre of the Incorporated Municipal Electrical Association for the ensuing year. He is the first local authority representative to be appointed to the office. The Marquis of Reading and Mr. G. Bradlaw have been elected directors of the Palestine Electric Corporation, Ltd., and Mr. James de Rothschild has rejoined the board after re­ linquishing the position of Joint Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Supply. I.E.E. Premiums.—The Council of the In­ stitution of Electrical Engineers has made the following award of premiums for papers read during the 1944-45 session or accepted for Mrs. Rodger presenting prizes at the Bruce publication:— Peebles sports m eeting G roup A. Kelvin Premium : M r. G . F. S hotter; John Hopkinson Premium: Mr. afternoon was spent by the employees with their R. J. Halsey, B.Sc. (Eng.). Group B. Non- families and friends. Among the guests were Section Premiums : Mr. H. Frohlich (Ayrton), the company’s chairman, Dr. James Watt ; Mr. G. A. Juhlin (Llewelyn B. Atkinson) and Mr. George M. Cowan, director ; Mr. J. W. Mr. R. Pohl, D.Eng. (Extra). Installations Rodger, managing director, and Mrs. Rodger ; Section Premiums : Mr. R. O. Ackerley Mr. William H. Morton, director, and Mrs. (Crompton), Mr. R. T. Lythall (Swan) and Morton. There was a full programme and the Mr. L. S. Atkinson (Extra). Measurements events were well contested. In addressing the Section Premiums : Messrs. L. Hartshorn, gathering Mr. Rodger commented on the high D.Sc. and W. Wilson, B.Sc. (Silvanus Thomp­ standard of performance in the many and varied son), Mr. D. J. Desmond, M.Sc. (Mather) and events, and congratulated the members of the Mr. H. J. Josephs (Extra). Radio Section organising committee on the success of its Prem ium s : _ Prof. Willis Jackson, D.Sc. and efforts. At the close of the sports, Mrs. Rodger Mr. J. S. A. Forsyth, B.Sc. (Duddell), Mr. presented the prizes. K. R. Sturley, Ph.D. (Ambrose Fleming) and On June 19th a visit was paid to the works Mr. D. G. Fink (Extra). Transmission Section of Sangamo Weston, Ltd., by a number of P rem iu m s: Mr. D. B. Irving, B.Sc. (Eng.) July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 17

(Sebastian de Ferranti), Messrs. W. Kidd ger at Leeds, later becoming manager at Dundee. and E. M. S. McWhirter (John Snell), Messrs. In 1930 he was appointed manager of the newly R. C. Hatton and J. McCombe, Ph.D. (Extra) opened branch at Liverpool and four years later and Mr. J. L. Carr, M.Sc. (Extra). Group C. joined the head office staff in London, where he Fahie Premium : Messrs. R. B. Armstrong, was responsible for the supervision of the B.Sc., and J. A. Smale, B.Sc. Paris Exhibition, company’s many branches. He will continue to 1881, Prem ium : Messrs. L. J. C. Connoll, act as joint general manager in conjunction B.Sc., O. W. Humphreys, B.Sc., and J. L. with Mr. W. G. Pavitt. Consequent on Mr. Rycroft B.Sc. Overseas Premium (for senior Masterton’s appointment, Mr. G. Tiffen, who members) : Mr. R. H. Paul, M.A. Students' has been with Brown Brothers since 1919 and Prem ium s (value £10) : Mr. W. M. Butler, has acted as assistant sales manager for a Mr. G. B. Downham, Mr. J. R. Hanchett, number of years, has been appointed sales Lieut. L. B. Knowles, R.N.V.R., and Mr. J. m anager. Willis. Students' Premiums (value £5) : Messrs. A “ Bring and Buy Sale ” is being held by the J. Banks, M.Eng., H.. Burton, B.Eng., T. E. E.A.W. London Branch at the headquarters, Calverley, B.Sc., J. B. Higham, B.Sc., A. C. 20, Regent Street, on July 12th, at 2.30 p.m., Robb, B.Eng., and W. B. Robertshaw. the proceeds to be devoted to the “ Caroline Mr. H. Shorland, B.Sc.(Eng.), has been elected Haslett Trust.” Friends will be welcomed and chairman of the London Students Section of the gifts or donations gratefully received. Institution of Electrical Engineers for the M. Georges Claude, the seventy-four-year-old 1945-46 session, with Mr. R. G. F. Stefanelli inventor of neon lighting, has been sentenced as vice-chairman. The secretary is Mr. R. V. to imprisonment for life by the French Court Darton, B.Sc.(Eng.), 27, Church Rise, Forest of Justice for treason. He was alleged to have Hill, S.E.23, and the hon. assistant secretary been the inventor of the flying bomb but he Mr. G. S. H. Mogford. denied this. Mr. S. E. Goodall, whose portrait we reproduce, The North of Scotland Hydro-Electric has been appointed deputy chief engineer to Board is advertising for an assistant commercial W. T. Henley’s Tele­ engineer. graph Works Co., Ltd. Details of Mr. Good- all’s career were pub­ Obituary lished in our last issue. Major C. E. S. Phillips, whose death occurred Mr. J. W. Lapthorn on June 17th at the age of seventy-four, was has been appointed one of the earliest workers in the field of X-rays m anager o f H enley’s and was responsible for many developments Order Department as in the construction of tubes. For his work from June 1st. He in this direction during the 1914-18 war he joined the company as a was awarded the O.B.E. He was one of the junior in the Stock founders of the Institute of Physics and was honorary treasurer of the Institute for many Room (later re-named years. In 1930-31 he was president of the Order Department) in British Institute of Radiology. He was also 1899 and in 1909 he was M r. S. E. Goodall honorary secretary of the Royal Institution for appointed chief assist­ ant. Mr. Lapthorn has thus served in the same about sixteen years. Major Phillips was the department throughout his forty-six years’ son of Samuel Phillips one of the founders of Johnson & Phillips. service with Henley’s. Mr. A. F.^ B. Andrew.—The death occurred Mr. Stanley W. Bowler has returned to on June 22nd of Mr. A. F. B. Andrew, who Richards & Bright, consulting engineers, from was with the London and Home Counties the Directorate of Instrument and Aircraft J.E.A. (Twickenham District) and formerly Equipment Production, Ministry of Aircraft in the chief engineer’s department. He was Production. fifty-one years of age. Mr. H. Osborne, mains superintendent in the Dover electricity undertaking, who recently • Wills.—The late Sir Henry Herbert Couzens, announced his intention to resign, has now formerly chief electrical engineer at West Ham asked for permission to withdraw his resigna­ and Hampstead and later president of the tion. Brazilian Traction, Light & Power Co., left Mr. J. T. Masterton, who has been joint estate valued at £140,033. general manager of Brown Brothers, Ltd., since Mr. G. Keith, chairman and managing director 1937 and general sales manager since 1938, has of Keith Blackman, Ltd., left £155,024, with net been appointed to the board of the company. personalty £151,217. Mr. Masterton joined Thomson & Brown Brothers, Ltd., in 1920, in Edinburgh, and was The late Sir Duncan Wilson, formerly Chief subsequently appointed assistant branch mana­ Inspector of Factories, left £50,194. 18 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w July 6 , 1 9 4 5

the main, carried these, and they have not Wind Power advanced their charges much. It might have Plans f o r 7,500-kW Units been added that prices per kWh have been ^kPERATING experience with the 1,000- subject to regulation by the Electricity Com­ kW experimental wind turbine on Grand­ missioners. The reason that electricity has been pa’s Knob, Vermont, has led the U.S. Federal especially handicapped by increases in the cost Power Commission, it is stated in Pow er, to per ton is, of course, that these are of the flat- consider designs for units up to 7,500 kW on rate kind and take no account of the heat value towers up to 475 ft. high but with a much of the fuel, which is lower than that required broader base than in the earlier design. The generally in other industries. unit at Grandpa’s Knob, which is on a 110-ft. Whatever the future organisation of the tower and is claimed to be the first wind-power mining industry may be, the case for linking it generator to be connected to a commercial up with electricity supply is not convincingly supply system—the Central Vermont Public worked out. Better evidence is offered of the Service Corporation—was placed in commission need for a reduction in the number of indepen­ in October, 1941, and its salient features were dent undertakings, though it is admitted that described in the 'jElectrical Review. It ran for the largest units need not be the most efficient. about 16 months when a bearing failed and Referring to the McGowan Report, it is stated could not be renewed owing to war priorities. that no distributors were willing to sacrifice It was restarted on March 3rd last but on March autonomy in the interests of efficiency and that 26th one of the 65-ft. blades, weighing about for this reason alone distribution should be 7 tons broke. The unit is to be rebuilt. So administered by new a d hoc regional bodies far it has run for 838 hr. and has generated (the members of which would be chosen by the 360.000 kWh. central Government) under a national co­ The layout of the 7,500-kW set includes twin- ordinating authority of the C.E.B. or B.B.C. wheel propellers mounted at opposite ends of a type. All selected stations, it is recommended, 200-ft. rotating bridge and driving a single should become the property of the Central 1,200-V DC generator with speed range of Electricity Board, but their present owners from full value to 40 per cent. The DC power should receive a guarantee that their supplies is transformed to AC by a twelve-phase rotary would not cost more than they did previously. convertor and the voltage is transformed to 66.000 for feeding into the undertaking’s trans­ mission system. The electrical equipment and Thanet Joint Board auxiliaries are installed in a generating room OTICE has been given by the Margate at the centre of the bridge. With a maximum Corporation and the Broadstairs and St. wheel speed of 42-75 RPM and a maximum Peter’s U.D.C. of their intention to apply to the wind velocity of 34 MPH, the delivered out­ Electricity Commissioners for a Special Order put was 7,700 kW. The generator was designed empowering them to purchase the undertaking for average wind velocities of 23 to 25 MPH, of the Isle of Thanet Electric Supply Co., Ltd., which is comparable with the Grandpa’s Knob in the borough of Margate, the Broadstairs and design. A second design has been prepared St. Peter’s urban district and parts of the for average velocities of 18 to 21 MPH with a borough of Ramsgate and the parish of Acol rated capacity of 6,500 kW at 28 MPH. Overall (Kent). It is proposed to constitute a joint construction costs per kW for ten units erected board to exercise powers under the Electricity on two or three sites are estimated at $68 for (Supply) Acts and the Special Order. the 7,500-kW size and $75 for the 6,500-kW Copies of the draft Order are obtainable (at size. 2s. each) from the Town Clerk of Margate, the Clerk to the U.D.C., or from Sharpe, Pritchard & Co., Parliamentary agents, Palace Chambers, Fuel and Power Organisation Bridge Street, Westminster, S.W.l. Any objec­ A NEW 17-page pamphlet issued by Fabian tions to the Order must be sent to the Electricity J-™- Publications, Ltd., “ Fuel and Power ” Commissioners on or before July 30th, copies (Research Series No. 93, 6d.) deals with the being sent to the local authorities concerned or organisation and control of electricity, gas, coal their Parliamentary agents. and oil in relation to the pre-war position, wartime controls and post-war policy. Allow­ ing for its avowed political predilections, the Diamond Tools and Gauges pamphlet is moderate in tone and objective Following the closing of the- Diamond Tool as to facts. It contains no reference to diversity Advisory Centre, the Council of the Gauge & of tariffs regarding which such strange mis­ Tool Makers’ Association has established a conceptions have been shown in some quarters new section for manufacturers of diamond recently. tools and gauges. The section has eight mem- Mention is made of the fact that, although ?rerSit?nÎrthe chairman is Mr. E. Van Moppes (L. M. Van Moppes & Sons). Membership is electricity supply undertakings have been faced open to manufacturers of shaped diamond with rising costs, especially coal costs, during tools, diamond indenters, lens drills, glaziers’ the war, their increased power loads have, in diamonds, and diamond gauges. July 6, 1945* E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 19 E.1.RA. Report Reserve Reaches £100,000 r»3HE two highlights of the anftual general that E.I.B.A. was in a much better financial meeting of the Electrical Industries position than this, and was able to lay plans Benevolent Association, which was held on for the future, resulted from the stalwart way Friday last, were that the reserve funds of the in which old and new helpers had assisted it, Association had reached the £100,000 mark, and in this connection Mr. Stephens paid and that a special committee had been appointed particular tribute to Mr. E. E. Hoadley, Mr. to examine to what extent there was a need for P. V. Hunter and Mr. E. E. Sharp, the three homes for aged people associated with the who had immediately preceded him in office. electrical industry. To exemplify what was being done Mr. In his speech introducing the report and Stephens read a letter of appreciation from accounts Mr. J. N. Stephens, who was appointed a professional man of over sixty who, with president for a second year, said that the his wife, was seriously injured in a raid, whose amount paid out in relief in 1944 was the all- savings were exhausted, and who was receiving time record of £10,803, which was practically the princely pension in respect of his wife and four times the comparable figure for ten years himself of 8s. a week for their injuries. ago. It was most gratifying that, in spite of Mr. Stephens emphasised the last paragraph this, there was a sufficient surplus to have of the report, which read: “ The greatest art brought the reserve up to six figures, and it was of all has been said to be the art of living. It very fitting that this should have occurred in has also been said to be the art of giving. the year which included the fortieth “ birthday ” Surely these two statements are complementary of the Association. These and still bigger for we are only living to the extent that we give, reserves, however, were necessary to ensure whether it be in money, time, service, or cheerful the continuation of the E.I.B.A. work should inspiration.” there be a serious post-war slump in which calls Mr. L. C. Penwill proposed Mr. Stephens’s on the funds might greatly increase at a time re-election as president, outlining his long when subscriptions might possibly be seriously service with the Association. Mr. W. J. Jones reduced. was appointed as a new member of the Court, It would have been understandable, after Mr. L. C. Penwill was re-elected chairman nearly six years of extreme difficulties, if the of the Court, Mr. L. C. Sharp, vice-chairman Association had been faced with a deficit; and Mr. J. Y. Fletcher, honorary treasurer. E.D.A. Activities New Members of the usual three. From Edinburgh the exhibition will go to Newcastle-on-Tyne where ^¿EVEN new members have enrolled in the it will be on view from September 10th to 29th, * Electrical Development Association during and thence to Sheffield from November 12th to the first six months of this year. They are, in order December 1st. It was originally agreed that of enrolment, Bolsover U.D.C., Keighley Cor­ Birmingham should be the venue in the Central poration, Felixstowe U.D.C., Huddersfield England area, but it has now been decided that Corporation, Macclesfield Corporation, Lough­ Wolverhampton shall stage the exhibition borough Corporation and the West Gloucester­ instead, from January 21st to February 9th, shire Power Co., Ltd. 1946. Representation at Conferences Despite the fact that the VE holidays curtailed the time it was open to the public, the exhibition The Council of E.D.A. has appointed Mr. at Cardiff was very successful, being visited by V. W. Dale, the general manager and secretary, over 21,000 people. and Mr. J. I. Bernard as the Association’s delegates to the conference of the Association “ Women and Electricity ” Exhibition of Public Lighting Engineers. Mr. Dale will The E.D.A. Council has decided to organise also represent the Association at the conference an electrical exhibition in the Dorland Hall, of the National Chamber of Trade. He has London, during October. The exhibition, which been nominated to serve on the Building will coincide with the twenty-first birthday Industries National Council. celebrations of the E.A.W., will probably be called “ Women and Electricity.” It will Electric Kitchens- describe electrical development over the past On Monday last the Association’s exhibition twenty-one years, the part that women and elec­ of four all-electric kitchens for low-cost homes tricity played in our war effort, and the great was opened at Rossleigh’s Showrooms, 14-16, service that electricity has to offer women in Shandwick Place, Edinburgh, where it is to peacetime in the home, in industry and as a remain for four weeks (until July 28th) instead career. 2 0 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w • July 6 , 1 9 4 5 Views on the Mews Reflections on Current Topics HE recent i.M.E.A. report announced cate with any pipe belonging to the under­ T the dissolution of that wartime hybrid takers without their consent . . . or shall the Joint Gas and Electricity Committee. supply any other person with any part of the Adversity makes strange bedfellows but when gas supplied to him by the undertakers, shall conditions improve they invariably seek forfeit to the undertakers the sum of five separate quarters. I suppose that the pounds for every such offence, and also the Electricity Commissioners’ note to electricity sum of forty shillings for every day such pipe supply undertakings signifies another step shall so remain . . . or such supply fur­ towards the parting of the ways, especially nished.” Moreover, “ the undertakers may as the gas undertakings have had a similar take off the gas from the house and premises letter from the Ministry of Fuel and Power. so offending.” These provisions were em­ Nothing is said regarding changes from bodied, with the necessary modifications, in electricity to gas and vice versa which were the Electric Lighting (Clauses) Act, 1899. forbidden fqr the period of the war, but I It will be seen that if a tenant complains he think that the letters implicitly permit the stands to lose his supply altogether, to say resumption of such changes when they nothing of incurring the landlord’s odium. become possible. The Ministry, with whom * * * the idea originated, seems to be resigned to the fact that some people are so perverse as Although Russia must be credited with to wish to exercise a choice and sometimes many remarkable achievements some reports change their minds. from that country have to be treated with reserve. We have heard a lot about the Baba * * * traction system which, while no doubt founded From conversations with various members on some kind of fact, has some of the attributes of the public I have gained the impression of the “ Arabian Nights ” tales with which that much of the talk of big differences in the name is also associated. Now the domestic tariffs is due to the statutory Evening News, quoting Moscow Radio, says obligation on an undertaking to quote a that a woman academician in Moscow has flat-rate alternative to a two-part tariff. worked out a method of reviving electric This flat rate, normally adopted by a con­ shock victims by the application of high- sumer requiring a few lights only, is compared frequency current at between 2,000 and with the “ unit ” charge paid by someone 5,000 V. Experiments o f this kind were else in another area (the standing charge carried out in the United States some years being forgotten), even though the under­ ago, but my recollection is that the business taking criticised itself offers favourable terms was so risky that they were dropped. The for extended use. This kind of criticism attendant hazards are so great that such a could be avoided by repealing the statutory method would require a good deal of flat-rate requirement or by the general “ working out.” adoption of a variable-block tariff. * * * * * * Commendable optimism is displayed by I was asked the other day whether a land­ the Hong Kong Electric Co. in advertising lord was entitled to retail electricity to tenants for a deputy general manager for its under­ of a block of flats at 2d. a unit more than he taking “ to take up duty in Hong Kong paid for it. It is not the first time that this shortly after the reoccupation of the Colony has cropped up and it seems to be one of has been completed.” Recent news from those rare matters which has gone on for a the area gives grounds for hoping that the long time without its legality being properly expulsion of the Japanese from Hong Kong tested. Any action would seem to lie with will not be long delayed, although their the supply authority : if that authority knows continued possession of Formosa would about it and does not object the tenants can remain a threat to the Crown Colony. do nothing about it short of refusing to use * * * electricity (or gas if it comes to that, for the Perversity can surely be the only explanation legislation in the matter originated with of a reported decision to change over the public lighting at Sunbury and Ashford Common, Middlesex, from electricity to gas. Apparently something of the kind was So far I have seen no figures or facts quoted anticipated when the Gasworks (Clauses) Act in support of the proposal, but there must of 1847 was drawn up. Section 18 of this be something wrong somewhere for such a Act provides that: “ Every person who shall backward movement to be considered. lay or cause to be laid any pipe to communi­ —REFLECTOR. July 6, 1945 E lectrical Review 21 ^laxiiiiiiiii Dem and Tariff Explaining its Working to Industrial Users

ACTORY owners and man- By W. B . A s k e w , As an example, taking the F agers are not always fully a.m .i.e.e., A s s o c , a .i . e . e . running costs of the railway informed as to ways and supplying the two factories at means of extracting full value from a maxi­ £100 and the standing charges for factory mum demand tariff. The best method of “ A ” at £100, the running charges for “ B,” approach is not through starting a discussion on account of its higher load factor would be that entails quoting grid costs, distribution only £20, making the totals £200 and £120, costs, after-diversity demand, etc., but by respectively. The manager of factory “ A ” explaining the fundamentals of the tariff by would naturally consider whether arrival of means of some such convenient analogy a's is trains could not be arranged so as to spread provided by the operation of a ring railway the traffic more evenly over the day’s work. system serving a town and giving passenger Substituting the electrical equivalents, it facilities at a number of stations. After would probably be found that certain motors assessing the volume and frequency of the could be switched off during periods of traffic, the railway company can combine the maximum works output, e.g., a motor running charges of the individual trains with installed to maintain a level of water in a the standing charges of the various stations storage tank which could provide all require­ and operating staffs and then issue a ticket ments during the peak period. This sort of to each passenger on a unit basis of xd. per investigation can be carried into other fields mile. Similar conditions prevail when the as, for instance, the possibility of switching ordinary electricity consumer is charged a off heating apparatus for short periods without flat rate o f xd. per kWh. serious reduction of temperature. Whether it be railway or electricity supply, Standing Charge and Running Cost the main consideration is improvement of When, however, a factory requires facilities load factor. As the railway company will which cannot be met by the existing system, normally offer special terms to keep traffic the railway company may build a line for its off the main lines during the passenger peak special use, charging the factory xd. per hour, so in electricity supply an automatic mile, based upon the running cost of the reduction in charges is made when the load individual trains required at the factory, plus factor is improved by reducing the maximum a standing charge which will vary with the demand in relation to the number of kWh amount of use of the private line. used. This can be indicated to the works Suppose two factories to be supplied with manager by means of a chart showing the individual railway lines, factory “ A ” requir­ variation in overall cost per kWh at different ing twenty-four trains to arrive between 8 load factors. The attention of works and 9 a.m., and factory “ B ” receiving the managers should be drawn to the possibility same number of trains daily at the rate of of installing control devices which ensure one per hour. The running cost of the trains automatically that only essential apparatus is to each factory will be the same, but the used during maximum demand periods and demand made upon the individual traffic allow others to be switched in as soon as the lines by factory “ A ” will require a much risk of increasing the maximum-demand larger station and operating staff than that indications has passed. of “ B.” Its maximum demand charges must therefore be proportionately greater. Effect of Power Factor If the same system of charges were applied Another item which may have an important to factories “ A ” and “ B,” the latter would bearing upon maximum demand charges is be at a comparative disadvantage. Just as power factor. A homely analogy can be the railway company would place a “number taken of two horses pulling a cart in the same taker” on the side of the track to report upon direction and thereby producing maximum the number of trains passing a given spot work from their efforts. A sketch can be during the rush-hour, so a kVA maximum- made showing the horses pulling the cart but demand indicator indicates the maximum with an angular displacement between them flow of electricity during any one half-hour so that the useful work is less than maximum between meter readings. effort and then the effect of applying a force 2 2 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w July 6 , 1 9 4 5 at right angles to the line of straightforward It may, nevertheless, be possible to install pull in restoring maximum work. The condensers on sections of the main switch­ corrective force is the equivalent of connecting board which control individual power units. condensers to the circuit to restore the phase Failing this, the use of a block of condensers displacement. to correct the power factor of the whole Steps should be taken to ascertain the works under its worst conditions should be over-all power factor when the works are considered. With this method, however, the running at maximum output. Ideally, each question as to whether the power-factor piece of apparatus functioning at a poor correcting condensers should be switched off power factor is fitted with its own condensers, at light load should be examined. Often the but this is not always practicable, par­ capital charges on the condensers is liquidated ticularly when the wiring has already been in the second or third year by the reduction laid out. in maximum-demand charges. Electrical Development Commissioners Relax Wartime Restrictions N a* circular letter to electricity supply under­ It is pointed out that a licence will still be takings in April, 1942, the Electricity Com­ necessary for any building or civil engineering t missioners stipulated that new or additional work costing more than £100 in the provinces supplies of electricity should be afforded only if (£10 after August 1st) or £10 in London and they were shown to be necessary in connection S.E. England in any 12-month period. The with the war effort or were for domestic or other Commissioners propose shortly to address a purposes where serious or exceptional hardship letter to the undertakings concerned indicating would result if the supply were not provided. It a simplified basis on which authorisations will was later indicated that these should be the be given for such work costing more than £10 guiding rules, even where fuel economy might be but less than £100. achieved by substituting electricity for other In the case of public authority undertakings fuels. the Commissioners will be prepared to consider The Commissioners have now notified under­ applications for consent to borrow for develop­ takings that these restrictions may now be ment on the foregoing lines and in respect of regarded as suspended, provided that certain hire and hire-purchase schemes related to this considerations are observed. The position as development. Undertakings are asked to ease regards labour and materials will continue to the Commissioners’ task by applying for consents limit the amount of development which any or authorisations only in respect of those pro­ undertaking can carry out for some time and it jects which they expect to carry out within a is therefore important that precedence should reasonable period with the labour and materials be given to essential supplies, in particular those available. required in connection with the war effort or Labour requirements for housing and other with food production. post-war building are likely to delay the carrying- After these essential requirements have been out of the five-year programmes already sub­ met priority should be given to supplies for the mitted by undertakings; accordingly even following purposes :—(a) Those for essential essential works should be so designed as to. civilian needs, such as water or sewage pumping; require the minimum of building labour. The (b) Supplies to new buildings and to existing Commissioners therefore do not anticipate that buildings rehabilitated after war damage or they will be able to approve, save in exceptional released from requisition, re-instatement of circumstances, the carrying-out of schemes for supplies and facilities required by returning the building of new offices, showrooms or work­ evacuees, supplies to premises requiring shops or major alterations to such buildings additional facilities consequent upon the during the first post-war year. occupation of one house by two or more families; Undertakings’ attention is drawn to the and (c) Other supplies for domestic or other Government’s White Paper on Employment purposes where the withholding of a supply Policy (Cmd. 6527) and it is stated that the would result in genuine hardship. Government is considering the lines on which To ensure that the maximum number of people the procedure proposed in paragraphs 62 and 63 will benefit with a minimum expenditure on can be applied to the programming of capital labour and materials, priority should also be expenditure by public utilities. In conclusion given to the connection of premises on the undertakings are reminded that Treasury consent routes of existing mains though for the time to capital issues is still required. being preference within that priority should be It is stated that the Minister of Fuel and given to the connection of those premises which Power has sent a similar letter to gas under­ have no reasonable facilities already. takings. 5 July 6, 1945 E lectrical Review 23 ffili » i t t ( (M IH UU i: and IMM SHflS 1 tast Metal Licensing Relaxed. Hackney’s Lack of Staff. %. wildk Exports to Channel Islands remuneration and holidays with pay affecting certain workers employed in industrial and staff FB^HE Board of Trade has made the Export of canteens. A notice setting out the detailed »•&* Goods (Control) (No. 5) Order (S.R. & O. proposals will be sent to all employers in the idsj- 1945, No. 754, Stationery Office, Id.) which industry known to the Wages Board and a liH dispenses with the need for licences for the period of twenty-one days allowed within which export of goods to the Channel Islands, with iq ife written representations may be made regarding certain specified (non-electrical) exceptions. the proposals. A further meeting of the Board rofes will be held to consider representations received Cheaper Aluminium Hollow-ware and the question of submitting the proposals, Following a reduction in the price of with or without amendments, to the Minister aluminium sheet in March, the Board of Trade with a view to his makiifg an Order giving has now made Orders reducing manufacturers’, them legal effect. wholesalers’ and retailers’ prices for aluminium hollow-ware. The Hollow-ware and Kitchen Reinstatement Order Hardware (Control of Manufacture and Supply) Sub-Section (2) of Section 12 o f the R ein­ (No. 5) Order, 1945 (S.R. & O. 1945, No. 721) statement in Civil Employment Act, 1944, pro­ •nllsfi reduces the manufacturers’ cash maximum vides that men or women released from the prices for all the scheduled articles of spun or Forces or Civil Defence services and directed drawn aluminium hollow-ware, with the single to work of national importance by the Ministry «pro* exception of the cheaper type of 6-pint kettle, of Labour and National Service shall be deemed ■Oodosi the price of which is unchanged. The cash to have continued their war service until they eriod' maximum prices set out in the previous Order cease to be employed upon the work to which ■ a t e will continue to apply to any goods supplied they were directed or until the Minister makes before July 2nd. Wholesalers’ and retailers’ a limiting Order fixing a date on which their cash maximum prices for the same articles war service shall be treated as at an end. isa o o si will be correspondingly reduced by the Such an Order has now been made; it is entitled irethai Aluminium Hollow-ware (Maximum Prices) the Reinstatement in Civil Employment (Ter­ (No. 2) Order, 1945 (S.R. & O. 1945, No. 761) mination of Further Periods of War Service) DfiJffii which comes into operation on July 16th. Order (S.R. & O. 1945, No. 783, Stationery d i o s a Office, Id.). The limiting date is that on which forte Copper, Zinc and Nickel Licences the persons affected receive written notice from the Ministry or the Ministry of Labour for in rss The Ministry of Supply announces some easing Northern Ireland stating that they will no longer ikied s: of the licensing procedure with regard to copper, nickel and zinc. In the case of service and home be required to perform the whole-time service civil orders it is no longer necessary to submit to which they were directed. Such persons may iforcos exercise their reinstatement rights, even though schedules of orders to cover applications for they are still performing the whole-time service 3f those? licences for copper, zinc and nickel. Instead, OQI *l£ referred to, not later than the fifth Monday each application must be accompanied by the after the limiting date. and e e following signed statement :—“ We certify that the quantity requested on the accompanying Labour Shortage at Hackney ia aEi s application is needed to cover orders for lie cs: our products, and that in the case of applications At last week’s meeting of the Hackney for virgin metal full allowance has been made for Borough Council the Electricity Committee already! our expected intake of scrap.” In the case of reported further on the serious labour situation d i n g lj » export orders, there is no change in the existing at the generating station. The Committee signed a procedure. stated that since the previous report in Septem­ lab o D i.' Inquiries should be made to the Joint Con­ ber, 1944, there had been considerable corre­ iridpaiec trollers, Non-Ferrous Metals Control, Grand spondence with the Ministry of Labour, the a except Hotel, Rugby. Electricity Commissioners and the C.E.B. and as a result of pressure brought to bear there was seta® Ball and Roiler Bearings an improvement for a time in the number of jms orsr men submitted. The position had, however, di b# The Minister of Supply has issued the Control again deteriorated to such an extent that No. 1 of Ball and Roller Bearings (No. 3) Order, boiler house had been shut down for the past revoking the Control of Ball and Roller Bearings ten weeks and the full demands of the C.E.B. an li (No. 2) Order, 1942, the purpose of which was Enplop could not be met. to control the acquisition and stocking of ball The report referred to the abnormal sickness led f t and roller bearings by prime users. The No. 1 during last winter, the war strain on the men esoi*: Order still remains in force. and the imperative need for them to have their I l i i ’ S annual holidays although no assurance of this g Oi d? Industrial Canteen Wages could be given without additional labour. The conde The Industrial and Staff Canteen Under­ routine summer overhaul was already behind takings Wages Board, under the chairmanship schedule. In four months out of many inter­ sury1:058 of Mr. W. Gorman, K.C., has now reached a views only eight men were found for employ­ decision to give notice of its intention to submit ment at the station, and in the same period r Fuel [ to the Minister of Labour and National Service fourteen were released by the National Service gas wages regulation proposals for minimum Officer while a number of other applications 2 4 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w July 6 , 1 9 4 5 for release were pending. At the moment and materials for sale to the installers, industrial, twenty-six additional men were needed at the commercial and domestic. The A.G.E.M. is station in order to satisfy the anticipated require­ anxious to establish relationships with British ments of the C.E.B. manufacturers with a view to securing represen­ tation for Belgium and neighbouring countries AC Stator Units for Aircraft and as soon as circumstances permit Monsieur Bruno hopes to pay a business visit to this Since the equipment of the “ Shetland ” flying country. boat with AC motors of B.T.H. design and manufacture, further progress has been made Purchase Rights in Northmet Area and the accompanying illustration shows a group of 400-cycle AC stators made by the B.T.H. At a recent meeting of the Southgate General Company for a new type of aircraft. Purposes Committee a report was submitted of uhe two largest stators are for alternators, a conference convened by the London & Home the one in front being for a 1 -2-kVA high- Counties Joint Electricity Authority of local frequency inductor alternator for the radio and authorities in No. 4 area, of the authority possessing purchase rights over the electricity supply undertaking of the Northmet Power Co. The other authorities represented or invited to be represented at the conference were Enfield, Edmonton, Potters Bar, Tottenham and Wood Green. Similar conferences of the local authorities with pur­ chase rights in the remaining areas of the Joint Electricity Authority have been or are being held. It is understood that the conferences have been con­ vened by the Joint Electricity Authority at the request of the Electricity Commissioners and the Ministry of Fuel and Power in order that a post­ war reconstruction scheme might be evolved and better distribution of electricity Stators for aircraft motors and generators obtained. After discussion the No. 4 radar supplies. The larger stator at the back area conference decided to appoint a sub­ is for a 7-5-kVA, 400-cycle, three-phase alter­ committee to prepare a reasoned statement of nator for the main power supply; it runs at proposals for the exercise of purchase rights 8,000 RPM and feeds the smaller units shown, and to confer with the Electricity Cbmmissioners which are all for induction motors of the 4-pole if thought desirable. type running at approximately 12,000 RPM. The smallest, held in the hand, has an inter­ mittent rating of 0 1 HP and the others range Fatalities up to 1 -5 HP. All these units use glass insulation College Pupil’s Death.—The death of Eileen as a safeguard against the arduous operating Thornton (17), a pupil at the Lowther School conditions. for Girls, Bodelwyddan, near Abergele, was inquired into at an adjourned inquest held at New Ipswich Station Rhyl. It was stated that a smell of gas had been In our issue of June 22nd we reported the noticed in the store-room next to the gas- driving of the first of 6,500 piles to provide generating room, where vaporised petrol-gas foundations for the new power station' which the was produced for the laboratory bunsen burners. Ipswich Corporation is building for the C.E.B. At the close of some chemistry tests Miss The Franki Compressed Pile Co., Ltd., informs Thornton went to switch off the motor and us that it is doing the pile driving work, acting afterwards came running out of the engine- as sub-contractor to Edmund Nuttail, Sons & room with her clothing ablaze. Co. (London), Ltd. Mr. R. A. Picken, Electrical Inspector of Factories for North Wales and the North-West Belgian Trade Inquiry said that after examining the plant he formed the opinion that something must have gone We learn from Monsieur Carlo Bruno, the wrong as far as the gas-generator was concerned, managing director, of the formation of the causing gas to escape, and this was probably Application Générale Electro-Mécanique 1Anlte2.,by a sPark from the main switch when (A.G.E.M.) with offices at 130, Chaussée de Miss Thornton went to switch it off. He would Charleroi, Brussels. The new company, which suggest that all the electrical apparatus in the has a capital of 500,000 Belgian francs (to be room should be flameproof and also that the raised to 1,500,000 fr.), is to deal with all size ot the gas compressor should be so related kinds of electrical and electro-mechanical plant to the capacity of the generator as to reduce July 6 , 1 9 4 5 E l e c t r i c a l R evtevv 2 5 to an absolute minimum any risk of the seals personnel as shop managers, foremen, and on the generator being destroyed. Prof. F. J. charge hands, should be sent to the Exhibition Teago, Professor of Electrical Engineering at Officer, Anglo-American Services Exhibition, Liverpool University, agreed with Mr. Picken’s Central Ordnance Depot, Feltham, Middlesex. recommendations, and also with his theory as to the cause of the accident. Electrical Machinery Traders The coroner said that the college authorities seemed to have done all that was required of A general meeting of the Electrical Machinery them to ensure the safety of the gas-generating Traders’ Association will be held at the Holbom plant. Restaurant, Holbom, London, W.C.l, at 2.30 p.m. on Tuesday, July 17th. Used Iron to Heat Bath.—A nine-year-old girl, Joan Angell, who had no electricity in her own home, was stated at an inquest at Ludlow Trade Publications to have used an electric iron to heat a bath Metway Electrical Industries, Ltd., King while on a visit to her aunt's home. A cousin, Street, Brighton, 1, Sussex.—Very comprehen­ Norah Angell, said that after plugging into the sive illustrated and priced list (No. MYD.l) of light socket Joan put the iron into the bath and replacement heating elements of many shapes undressed. Later, hearing a scream, she found for different makes of fires, irons, kettles, wash Joan half in and half out of the water, clutching boilers, boiling rings and hair dryers. the taps. Mr. E. S. Sanderson-Hennard, of the British Insulated Cables, Ltd., Prescot, Lancs.— S.W. & S. Co., stated that the girl would have Pamphlet (NSC.13) describing the construction received the fatal shock when she took hold of and installation of non-bleeding cables of the the taps. A verdict of “ Misadventure ” was “ Sandwich ” type, built up of alternate layers recorded. of pre-impregnated and dried non-impregnated paper tapes. The Cable Companies’ Merger IEDA Publications Dept., Stanground, Peter­ borough.—Well illustrated booklet printed in We report in the “ Financial Section ” of this two colours briefly describing diverse kinds of issue the approval of the majority of the stock­ building and civil engineering works carried out holders of British Insulated Cables, Ltd., and by the Mitchell Construction Co., including Callender’s Cable & Construction Co., Ltd., power stations, hyperbolic reinforced concrete of the merging of the companies in British cooling towers and conveying plant. Also Insulated Callender Cables, Ltd. As from illustrated brochure concerned with new “ ML ” June 29th the new company acquires the main building products in the form of bricks, slabs assets of the two concerns and will be responsible and hollow blocks, made from waste ash, for their liabilities. Future communications offered by the Ieda Trading Co., Ltd. to the new company should be sent to the Elliott Brothers (London), Ltd., Century address to which correspondence has hitherto Works, Lewisham, London, S.E.13.—Illus­ been sent. trated booklet (list 812, fourth reprint) describing the construction and operation of different Crompton Parkinson Development types of electrical recorders of temperature, humidity, gas analysis, etc., including the latest Crompton Parkinson, Ltd., announce that “ S ” type which is smaller and cheaper than as from July 1st the three companies which the regular “ L ” types. they acquired in 1941, the Young Accumulator Co., Ltd., A. E. Morrison & Sons, Ltd., and Applicants for copies of these publications Electricars, Ltd., will cease to function as should write on business letter headings. separate sales entities and will be merged into the Crompton Parkinson organisation. Orders Trade Announcements outstanding and not invoiced at June 30th The General Accessories Co., Ltd., is are to be executed by Crompton Parkinson, closing its Bristol works from July 28th to Ltd., by whom the invoicing and rendering August 7th. A skeleton staff will deal with of accounts will be carried out. The brand urgent correspondence. names under which the products have been Dyson & Co., Enfield (1919), Ltd., will be previously sold—■“ Young ”, “ Morrison-Electri- closing their works from July 28th to August car ” and “ Electricar ”—will be retained. 8th. Tropical Packaging It has been decided to continue the Anglo- INFORMATION American Services Exhibition on Tropical DEPARTMENT Preservation and Packaging, which was opened at Feltham, Middlesex, in October last, for d i ENERAL inquiries from readers relating another three or four months. The number of W to sources of electrical goods, makers’ applications for invitations in the early months addresses, etc., are replied to by our Information was far in excess of the day-to-day capacity Department through the post. Inquiries should of the exhibition, and limitations had to be be accompanied by a stamped addressed imposed on the number of representatives sent envelope. by individual firms. It is now possible, however, Our extensive records enable us to reply to to accept a much wider representation from most queries, but occasionally we ask for our industrial firms, and managements can be readers’ assistance in tracing names and permitted to send key members of their staffs addresses not known to us. We should be glad engaged on preservation and packaging work. to have such information regarding the makers Parties will be organised from all parts of the o f the follow ing:— country- Applications for invitations for such “ Pluslite,” H orstm an (?). E lectrical Review July 6 , 1 9 4 5 RECENT INTRODUCTIONS Notes on New Electrical and Allied Products

Electronic Process Timer further alarm signals should the fire spread. In addition, continuity tests can be made on A SMALL self-contained timing device of the each circuit separately, including the appropriate electronic class for the control o f a variety of line indicator, without interrupting the avail­ processes is announced by the G. G. C. D e v e l o p ­ ability of the system for instant operation. m e n t Co., 109, Belgrave, Road, London, S.W.l. The indicator panel with screens appropriately lettered, corresponding line-jacks, a warning bell and lamp and a relay are all mounted in a strong hardwood case. When an alarm is given and has received attention all bells are silenced by inserting a plug in the appropriate line-jack, thereby cutting out the alarm bells for that circuit only. At the same time, the insertion of the plug lights a red lamp on the panel which will continue to glow until the circuit has been restored to normal by replacement of the glass in the alarm contactor. When this is done the lamp is extinguished and a bell rings on the panel to indicate that the circuit has been Type PT. 101A is assembled in an ironclad case opened again. Withdrawal of the plug silences measuring 6 by 6 by 3 inches and weighing 10 this bell. lb. Its standard range extends from 0 to 25 seconds and only one T. 41 “ Mazda ” valve Domestic, Appliances is used, the controlling circuit being suitable B. & T. Components, Ltd., 4-12, W histon for AC*up to 5 A at 230 V, or 1 kW, although Road, E.C.2, have introduced a “ streamlined” larger contactors may be fitted. Control can iron. The handle of the iron is bakelite, the be effected by setting a dial to the time required metalwork being either chromium-plated or for repetition of operations, or for providing anodised aluminium in primrose, light green delay between functions. or light blue. A special feature is the ease of Although originally intended for machine replacement of the element and resetting of the tools, this device may be used for regulating the thermostat. Another type of iron is shaped operating cycle of such machines as bar twisters to fit the hand. for making concrete reinforcing rods, the A heater-cooker produced by the same concern moulding time of rubber and plastics presses, has a 1-kW rod-type element protected with a heat treatment of metals as well as for timing “ Perspex” guard for the heater section, which is photographic exposures and similar purposes arranged almost vertically, the horizontal cooker needing variable control. position having two 500-W elements concealed under a sheet-metal plate. Anodised aluminium Improved Fire Alarm System in two colours will be the final finish. A com­ bined rubber flex and plug is used on both the Many fire alarm systems are limited in scope appliances. by the fact that once the circuit has been closed (by breaking the glass in the alarm contactor) Intensive Engineering Courses the system becomes inoperative until such time R. W. C. S. Phillips, Head of the Depart­ as the glass has been replaced and the circuit ment of Electrical Engineering and restored. Then again, it is impracticable in Physics, Borough Polytechnic, S.E.l, tells us some systems to carry out thorough tests without that his department has again arranged intensive causing an alarm signal to be given. courses in electrical and radio engineering The system recently developed by the G e n e r a l under the Hankey Scheme. They will commence on Monday, October 2nd, and intending E l e c t r i c C o., L t d . , Magnet House, Kingsway, students should apply as soon as possible. The London, W.C.2, overcomes these limitations. conditions for entry are the same as for previous Thus, when an alarm has been given on a par­ courses; they are full-time six-month courses ticular line, that line can be immediately isolated in which students obtain free tuition and a and the remaining lines will be ready to register maintenance grant. July 6, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 27 Tran§mi§§iou-Liiie Surges With Special Reference to Travelling Waves rWIHE most severe stresses By R. J. Birkinshaw, such severe stresses as light­ that line elements of a A.R.T.C.S., Graduate I.E.E. ning. Other factors tending to transmission line have to produce surges include cable withstand are due chiefly to atmospheric faults, birds and insulator failures. disturbances, switching operations and arcing In regard to arcing grounds, at one time grounds. These take the form of impulse it was the practice to insulate the neutral waves, the shape of which is illustrated in point, thus confining a fault to its own Fig. 1, causing a changing electrical condition particular phase, keeping the' line operative to be transferred along the line, away from and eliminating zero-phase-sequence currents. the point of initiation. This change may be Within limits this proved successful, but considered to occur as two travelling waves with the advent of longer transmission lines and higher operating voltages a serious trouble arose due to arcing grounds. Arcing occurs from the faulty line to earth and continues until the line reaches earth potential, when the arc is extinguished. The line potential then begins to rise again and the process is repeated. This produces a series of waves or oscillations which are cumulative in character and tend to break down the other two phases. Elimination of arcing grounds is accomplished either by solidly earthing the neutral (British and American practice) or by arc-suppression or Petersen coils (Continental practice). Equations for travelling waves are similar mutually sustaining each other, one being to those for vibrating strings which, being a change in current and the other a change less abstract are possibly more easily appre­ in voltage. ciated. If a string is held taut between two Atmospheric disturbances caused by light­ supports as in Fig. 2 and given a displace­ ning are due to cumulative electrical charges ment in t seconds with a velocity b, then at on droplets of water vapour suspended in this point y = f(x — bt) or ^(x + bt), air. As the accumulation of these charges according to the direction of the displace­ increases, the electrical strength of the ment. If b is constant and t is increased surrounding air is exceeded and a discharge the term bt increases and x must also or lightning flash is initiated, usually negative. Lightning strokes to earth are of two kinds, a and p strokes. An a stroke is a com­ paratively slow stroke and relies upon induced electrostatic charges to ionise the air surrounding the highest points. Its characteristics are the lengthy time of pro­ duction of discharge and the striking of tall objects. A p stroke is usually caused by intercloud discharges. Its characteristics are extreme rapidity of discharge and apparently random way of reaching earth (i.e., not ^¡g-2 necessarily striking high objects). Switching surges in the majority of cases increase. Therefore y = f(x — bt) represents are a result o f switching-in operations. travel to the right or positive travel. Similarly In practice their maximum value is seldom if the string is displaced to the left y = more than four times the phase-to-neutral (\ + bt) and the travel is negative. voltage and they do not subject the line to From the foregoing, the following equation 28 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945

can be set up y = f(x — bt) + (* + bt).. .(1) tance in henries X rate of change of current. Eliminating the arbitrary functions, 8i Se Si n n 8e = L8x s ior Si = h Tt ...... (10) “Sx = f ^x " bt^ + ¿ '(x + b t). . . : ...... (2) Sv = — bf'(x — bt) + b'(x + bt) ...... (3)

= f"(x - bt) + 0"(x + bt)...... (4)

= b2f"(x — bt) + b2 ■¿"(x + bt) . (5) &HB] • 82y = 1 r 82yi ifii • ■ Sx2 b 2 L St2 J ...... w Consider now a travelling wave. Equations are obtained in exactly the same way as for vibrating strings. Referring to Fig. 3, ■consider y = f(x) referred to Ox, Oy. During S2i time t this has moved a distance d, hence Differentiating (9) with respect to —gj- = considering co-ordinate axis Oy to move c 82e with it y = f(x') referred to O'y, O'x or 'St2 (11) y = f(x — vt) where vt = d, v being the Differentiating (10) with respect to x, S2e = S2i Sx2 — St.Sx’ ’ ‘ Sx282e=Lc — 4 St!f ...... (12, In establishing equation (8) the assumption of a moving y axis was made; in effect it is the voltage which travels, therefore y = e may be substituted. By comparing equations (8) and (12) ^ T= LC or V = -^ = ^ ....(13) Assuming the dielectric of the line is air, the capacitance of two parallel feeders spaced d.cm. apart with a radius r.cm. is 1 x 9 x 10-11 given by — 4 logh d//[.— farads per cm. Adopting the same symbols, inductance L = 4 logh d/r x 1 0 ~ 9 henries per cm. From equation (13) V = ^ VLC velocity of propagation of the wave. This 1 has already been proved to be positive travel. .’. y = (x + vt) is negative travel. V 4 logh d/r x 4 loghd /r x 1 0 - 9 x 9 x 10- Hence from (1) y = f(x — vt) + {x + vt). .(7) 1 1 S^y _ 1 r S 2y l ) From (6) 1 1 Sx2 v2 [W\ 9 x 1011 x 109 V\! 9 x ^ 102 82y ' S2y (8) or .'. V = 3 X 1010 cm. per second. This is 8t2 approximately the velocity of light. Thus Fig. 4 shows a section of two parallel waves travelling along air-surrounded lines feeders of an “ ideal cable ” {i.e., resistance have a velocity approaching 186,000 miles per and leakance neglected) having a capacitance second, which is quite independent of the and self-inductance per unit length of C frequency of the wave. and L respectively. Imagine a small section A practical application of this velocity of line 8x: the capacitance of this will be occurs in the design of delay cables in C8x. Since current = capacity in farads cathode-ray oscillography. Suppose the X rate of change of voltage, 8i = incidence of sweep tripping impulse is to 8e Si _ Se come into operation one micro-second before C8x 8t or S x ~ St • •(9) the actual transient to be recorded arrives Similarly for inductance, voltage = induc- at the voltage deflection plates of the instru- July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 2 9 ment. Then, length of delay cable required, symbols are employed: iit, eit = reflected 5 x 1 0 10 current and voltage waves; iT, eT = trans­ assuming air dielectric = jq ,. m etres = mitted current and voltage waves; ii, ei 300 metres. incident current and voltage waves; Z0 Similarly, if a single-conductor concentric surge impedance and R = terminating pure rubber cable was used having a specific resistance. inductive capacity of 2-2, length of delay In the first two examples e = Zii e» = 3 x 1 0 1» — ¡rZ. Total voltage = ei + eR. Total cable = 10" x 100 x 2-2~ 138 metres' current = ix + iE. .-. ei + eR = R [ii + i»]. To investigate surge impedance two assumptions are made, viz., during time of Z0[ii — in] = R[ii + in] ; iR = disturbance the power- . _ r(R - Z)i . , . frequency voltage and eR _ - lRZ0 = [(R + Z)J ei. .-. n + ir - + gi current are constant (which is justifiable [ z7 + r ] i,; ei + eK = r ] 61' considering the high [zT+ In (1) R = oo. Total current = O. velocity of propagatoin Total voltage = 2E (Fig. 5). In (2) R = O. of the surge impulse) .•. Total current = 2ii (first reflection). and wave shapes are Total voltage = O (Fig. 6). rectangular. In the third example, u = ¡r + ii; ei = Travelling waves may eR i eT _ eR ei - —fTl consist of a single •*—fcftL. 1 eK + ei> fT - Z- --- °’ h - R- eR- surge or a train of et — eT = Rii — eT =.R[iR -I- h] — eT = surges. It will be ap­ ReE Rei preciated that the - e T ; eR - eT. 7 steepness of the wave R [ ~ Z 0 + Zo “ ~ Z0 Ren ReT I Zo + front is proportional e, ; eK 1 F ig . 5 eR to the stress in a Z0 Z~o . Z0 dielectric. Obviously the most onerous con­ Re^ — Z0eT TR Z ol c . .. . ditions exist when the maximum value is ZT - ;-''eB^eTLR + ZoJ- Similarly> reached instantaneously and remains constant, iK = ix Fw—— . Hence if terminating whence rectangular waves. LK + ZoJ Consider section of the line Sx. Charge q resistance R is equal to the surge impedance on this section = CSxe. Wave, of velocity there is no reflection. Sx r. . A great danger accompanying travelling V passes this section in time -y q = I l.dt. waves is the risk to inductive apparatus, CSxe „ n ,, in particular transformers. At 50 cycles the S ^ = Cev ...... (,4) e e 1 . Surge impedance Z0 = X = ~Cev^ = ~CV~ Substituting value of V from equation (13) 1^ Z0 = n / T = /L ohms .(15) V LCl'c . Vy Cj In practice this has a value of approximately 500 12 for overhead lines and 50 S2 for cables. Pursuing the stretched string analogy a little further, imagine the string given a displacement within its elastic limit. Assum­ ing no energy loss, it will spring back to a corresponding position on the other side of the datum line from which it was originally displaced. This is analogous to- the incident and reflected waves of travelling wave theory. Three examples are considered below for characteristics of a transformer (neglecting an infinitely long line or open-circuited resistance) are similar to those for a pure line, a short-circuited line and a line ter­ inductance, the small turn-to-turn capacit­ minated by a resistance. The following ance being negligible. 3 0 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945

At higher frequencies, however, the in­ the voltage produced will equal the product ductive reactance becomes higher while the of the surge current and tower-footing tum-to-tum capacitative reactance becomes resistance, upon which will depend the lower, therefore currents due to high- severity of a flashover. As the surge current frequency voltages have a marked tendency is uncontrollable, the tower footing resistance to take the path of lower reactance. A must be kept as low as possible. travelling wave meeting a transformer behaves In its simplest form, the horn-gap arrestor as a high-frequency yave, the steepness of (Fig. 7) consists of two arms set at too small the wave front being equivalent to the first a distance apart for the normal line voltage quarter-cycle of the high-frequency wave to initiate an arc. Any flashover will occur (in the case of a rectangular wave it would at XX and, owing to the heating of the air be of infinite frequency). Therefore the surrounding the arc and to electromagnetic initial voltage distribution depends upon forces, the arc will be forced upwards to the capacitance, but the steady distribution YY, where the gap.is wider and the normal depends upon the inductance. During this voltage insufficient for maintenance of the arc. As the horn gap is unable to rupture heavy-current arcs, a current-limiting resistor is usually placed on the line side of the apparatus. A drawback with this type of arrestor is its high-impulse ratio, i.e., the ratio of impulse flashover voltage to the peak value of the normal power-frequency flash- over voltage. The surge absorber consists, in effect, of an inductance in series with the line, having an appreciable earth capacitance due to its finite time dangerously high voltages pile being mounted inside a steel tank. A high- up on the line end turns of the transformer,' frequency surge induces eddy currents in the tending to break down the insulation. tank which acts as a short-circuited secondary, There are various ways in which this thus dissipating the energy which the surge initial voltage stress may be reduced. One supplies. The effect of the absorber is to method employs specially wound coils. uniformly distribute the surge voltage. Another common preventative is the static In recent years, ceramic non-linear resistors end ring. It is sometimes the practice to have found an increasing field of application increase the insulation of turns adjacent to in both light and heavy engineering. The the line. This method while working quite chief materials in use are “ Atmite ”, well under certain conditions cannot be “ Wittonite,” “ Thyrite ” and “ Metrosil.” applied universally. The main criticism is, These all exhibit an inverse resistance that by increasing the insulation of the end characteristic, i.e., as the voltage increases turns the corresponding turn-to-turn capacit­ the resistance decreases thus:— ance is reduced, thereby increasing the initial concentration of voltage stress. Other ^ ^ | V and I are not small, where B = ' 1 =HVa ) a devices to minimise the effect of surges on transformer windings include auxiliary Usually the resistors are in disc form, a number of which are connected together in capacitance connected in series or parallel. series with a spark gap, and the whole The duty of system protection devices is to connected between line and earth. When the reduce the wave-front slope, the impulse- wave peak and the impulse-wave tail. The line voltage rises to, or above, a certain predetermined value, the spark-gap flashes apparatus may be included in the line or over. While the voltage remains high a large branch from the line. In both cases the current is permitted to flow to earth. When underlying object is to dissipate the maximum amount of energy under transient conditions. the surge is discharged the non-linear resistor restricts the normal follow-through current Earth wires carried above the overhead to a small value, which the gap easily clears. lines and connected to earth at frequent intervals provide ' an efficient protection against a lightning strokes and also tend to Reference : E.R.A. Publication S/T 35. diminish the effect of travelling lightning Throughout this article the symbol 8 has been disturbances. If the line is struck by lightning employed to denote partial differentiation. July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 31 ELECTRICITY SUPPLY Birmingham Accounts. Canadian Water Power.

Birmingham.— Net Profit. —The annual re­ that a large proportion of the water power of port of the Electric Supply Department for Canada still awaits development. The wartime the year ended March 31st shows a surplus of expansion in hydro-electric facilities was virtually £33,130. The revenue for the year was completed in 1944, the net increase for the year £4,703,820 and the trading expenditure amount­ being only 69,250 HP—the smallest recorded ed to £3,S03,279. The total capital raised to since 1939—and no large power projects are date for the undertaking is £23,768,912, of now under constmction. The provinces of which £10,659,685 has been redeemed. The Quebec and Ontario (5,848,572 and 2,673,443 HP quantity of electrical e,nergy sold within the respectively) contain nearly 83 per cent, of the undertaking was approximately 1,261 million total developed water power. kWh. Bonneville Power C ontract. —Bonneville London.— School Lighting. — The L.C.C. is Administration and the British Columbia Electric to install electric lighting at the Gordon School, Railway Co. have signed a contract by which the Woolwich, at an estimated cost of £1,000. former will build a line to meet one to be built from Vancouver, B.C., for delivery of Columbia Mansfield.— Extension of Area. —It is pro­ River power to 'Vancouver. The initial demand posed to apply for a Special Order extending will be for 22,000 kW, but this will eventually be the area of the electricity undertaking so as to increased to 60,000 kW. Transmission will be include Scarcliffe and Shirebrook parishes in by a 23,000-V wooden pole line from Arlington, the Blackwell rural district, together with Washington, northwards.— Reuter's Trade Carburton, Cuckney, Holbeck, Nether Lang- Service. with, Norton and Welbeck in the Worksop Spanish Morocco. — Power Supply. — The rural district. Spanish journal Metalurgia y Electricidad St. Faith’s and Aylsham.—Electricity for reports that there are sixteen power stations in Temporary Houses. —The Rural District operation in Spanish Morocco, all but one of Council has decided to ask for its temporary which are thermal. The two most important houses to be provided with electrical domestic plants in the area are those of the Sociedad equipment. Electras Marroques, Tetuan, and of the Com­ pañía Española de Minas del Rif. The two Skipton. — C harges Increased. — Electricity charges, which have remained unaltered through­ stations of the Tetuan concern represent 70 out the war, have been increased as from July per cent, of the aggregate productive capacity 1st the Electricity Commissioners having and the Rif concern’s plant 17J per cent. The approved the revision. Under the “ all-in ” latest figures of power output are those for tariff the running charge is now id. instead of 1941, when it am ounted to about 30 m illion kW h. ■}d., adjustments are made in the fixed charge,- and all tariffs are increased by 10 per cent. TRANSPORT Tynemouth.— L o a n s . —The Town Council has Norway.— Railway Electrification. — A c­ applied for sanction to borrow £8,000 for mains cording to a statement by the Director General and services and £4,000 for substation plant. of the State Railways, electrification of all W atford. — Electricity on the Farm. — Norway’s main railway lines is to be undertaken Working demonstrations of electrical equip­ immediately in response to general public ment for farm and home will be given at the demand. Work on the Bergen-Voss line will Watford and District Agricultural Show at start immediately.— Reuter. Cassiobury Park on July 14th. South Shields.— Trolley-buses. — The Town Pumping P lant. —The W ater Com m ittee is to Council’s last tram service operating to the consider the electrification of one of the pumping Ridgeway will be replaced by trolley-buses by stations where the plant is thirty years old. the end of this year provided labour and Willesden.—Supply to Emergency Houses. materials are available. Trolley-buses are also —Application has been made to the Electricity to be run to the Lawe. Commissioners for sanction to borrow £14,000 Wolverhampton.— Extension of Time. — The for substation equipment and mains for the Ministry of War Transport has made an Order sites of the emergency factory-made houses. extending for three years the time for the com­ mencement of running of trolley-buses on Overseas certain routes. Canada. — W ater-Power Resources. — According to the annual review of the Dominion RADIO and TELEPHONY Water and Power Bureau, Surveys and Engineer­ India.— Telephone Link w ith China. — The ing Branch, Department of Mines and telephone line between Calcutta and Kunming Resources, the present recorded water-power has now been completed, and India has been resources amount to 25,439,400 HP under linked with China by telephone for the first conditions of ordinary minimum flow and time. The new line is about 1,750 miles long 39,511,700 HP ordinarily available for six and runs through some of the most difficult month’s of the year, which corresponds to a and undeveloped country in the world. It has potential -turbine installation of more than been built with British material by American 51 350,000 HP. The total turbine installation engineers and Indian and Chinese labour. (as at January 1st, 1945) is 10,283,763 HP, so Work on the line began in April, 1943.— Reuter. 32 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945 FEIM O iL SECTIOV Company News. Stock Exchange Activities.

quality and service, should place the companv Reports and Dividends in a strong competitive position. Steps had VV. T. Henley’s Telegraph Works Co., Ltd.— alreadv been taken to recapture and develop In the course of his speech at the annual meeting overseas markets. With a view to providing last Friday the chairman, Sir Montague Hugh- space additional to that available at the main man, spoke at some length of the wartime Acton factory’, negotiations were well advanced achievements of the company, particularly the for renting another factory. manufacture of buoyant cable for magnetic The Chloride Electrical Storage Co., Ltd.— mine sweeping and the " Hais ” oil pipe line The net profit for the year ended March 31st across the Channel both of which developments last, after taxation, was £301,033, as compared have been described in the Electrical Review. with £267,672 for the previous year. Reserve In addition to this, Sir Montague said that the for development, etc., again receives £50,000: company' had produced more than seven million £57,000 is allocated to employees’ benefit and parts for bombs and shells, as well as parts of pension funds (including subsidiaries). As re­ rocket-firing apparatus, petrol tanks, radio­ ported last week, a final dividend of 5 per cent, location, cable connectors and for small arms and a bonus of the same amount are again being ammunition—a total of over 170 million parts. paid on the “ A ” and “ B ” ordinary stock, mak­ The Tyre Company had made 14 million gas ing the total distribution for the year 15 per cent. masks and 23 million tennis balls for the buoyant A sum of £203,913 (£176.905) is carried forward. cable. Well over 150,000 “ Solon” soldering irons had been supplied to Government Depart­ The Electric Construction Co., Ltd., in its ments and munition factories and electrical accounts for the year ended March 31st last equipment for the Forces had passed through shows a net profit of £86,488, after provision their factories in abnormal quantities. for E.P-X-, against £90,120 for 1943-44. From The Contract Department had carried out this is deducted income tax provision of £42,500 work on 576 sites all over the British Isles, as (£41,000). General reserve receives £20,000 well as a number of secret and important cable- (£15,000), but this year there are no allocations laying jobs for the R.A.F. and Admiralty and to deferred repairs and the superannuation cable installations for some large new generating fund which last year received £4,600 and £2,500 stations. Two contracts for 132-kV gas-cushion respectively. The dividend on the ordinary- cable had been carried out for the Central stock is maintained at 12£ per cent, and £40,149 Electricity Board. The company had sustained (£38,411) is carried forw ard. a good deal of damage from air attacks including British Insulated Callender’s Cables, Ltd.— the loss of their head offices in Holborn Viaduct The resolutions for the amalgamation of British in 1941. Millions of yards of all kinds of cable Insulated Cables. Ltd., and Callender's Cable had been turned out under great difficulty and & Construction Co., Ltd., were passed by very much Had been done in the development and large majorities at meetings of the different application of plastic insulation. classes of stockholders of the two companies All this had naturally prevented them from last week, and at the subsequent extraordinary meeting all their customers’ requirements but general meetings. now, although the war with Japan had still to be won, it was hoped that some of the depart­ Johnson, Matthey & Co., Ltd.—Some of the ments would be able to get back to normal company’s activities during the war were peacetime production. Sir Montague men­ referred to by' Mr. H. W. P. Matthey', chairman, tioned the company’s educational work which at the annual general meeting on June 27th. was in the hands of Mr. V. B. Twiss, M.A., and The company's rhodium plating process, he spoke appreciatively of the work of the com­ said, had been used in the protection of millions pany’s chief engineer, Dr. P. Dunsheath. He of components of electrical and radio apparatus. said* th a t 1943 w as a record year for the com ­ Platinum was indispensable in aircraft magnetos pany and that general home business (except and sparking plugs and as a contact material outside contracts) and overseas business (16-4 in telephone relays, radio and radiolocation of their total) had been maintained in 1944. equipment, and many other types of control gear. The use of platinum rhodium-platinum The Telegraph Condenser Co., Ltd.—Speaking thermocouples had been extended to tem­ at the annual general meeting on June 28th, peratures of over 1,600 deg. C. encountered Mr. W. H. McFadzean, chairman, said that in in steel making. Over 250 million silver and every type of radio set and instrument used silver alloy contacts had been made in the last by the Forces, the components manufactured five years in the form of rivets, turned parts, by the company had played a vital part. The pressed parts formed from silver inlaid in main problems had been to meet all demands, copper and complete sub-assemblies. both for quantities and for special and ever- Several tons of “ liquid silver ” had been changing purposes. Output had been increased prepared for depositing on to mica for electrical to manyr times its .pre-war level. The company- condensers and. having invented both a new had originated many novel designs of condensers silver paste and a new method of depositing as, for example, for use in aircraft flying at great it. they had produced several millions of silvered heights and extremely low temperatures and by mica condenser plates. They had also recently our armed forces operating under severe tropical developed a material and a method for depositing conditions. Technical improvements made silver w hereby it could be fused on to electrical during the war, added to its reputation for porcelain or glass, thus providing a metallised Ju ly 6, 1945 Electrical Review 33 surface to which other metal could be soldered. prepare themselves during the war years to Beryllium copper had been rapidly adopted exploit commercial markets now opening. This during the war for contact springs in switch- was a matter—as well as the threat of foreign gear, instruments and radio equipment, for infiltration into British markets—to which it pressure gauge tubing and similar applications. was hoped the Government would give urgent Other alloys of this type were extensively used attention. as resistance welding electrodes and as castings for structural parts of switchgear, arc furnaces The Rothermel Corporation, Ltd.—The total and other electrical equipment. Elkonites were net profit of the company and its two sub­ employed in heavy-duty switchgear where sidiaries for the year ended December 31st last great hardness and resistance to electrical amounted to £7,437. After providing for taxa­ erosion were required, but where high electrical tion it is proposed to pay a dividend of 20 per conductivity was essential. cent, and to carry forward £4,209. At a general meeting held on July 5th, a resolution was Cable & Wireless (Holding), Ltd.—Sir Edward to be submitted to increase the capital of the Wilshaw, chairman, and managing director, company from £50,000 to £140,000 by the stated at the annual general meeting on June creation of 1,800,000 Is. shares, of which 28th that taxation in the war years for the 1,798,960 will be utilised for the purpose of group of companies reached a grand total of acquiring the share capital of Remax, Ltd. On about £30,000,000. These payments bore the completion of the amalgamation Mr. W. H. rather hardly on them because at the outbreak Gatty Saunt, chairman of Remax, and Mr. of the war they were beginning to reap the A. S. Gregg and Mr. M. A. Hassid, joint manag­ benefit of a forward policy of development. ing directors, will join the board of Rothermel. With regard to the discussions afoot involving the creation in Britain, the Dominions and Walsall Conduits, Ltd.—At the annual meeting India of public utility corporations, owned by a statement presented by the chairman (Mr. the state, to take over the conduct of external A. E. Read) referred to the company’s wartime telegraph and telephone activities now in production of many kinds including equipment private hands, he said that talks were still in for use in radiolocation, flarepath lighting progress and stockholders would be consulted and other special lighting apparatus, mobile before any irrevocable steps were taken by the workshops, flame throwers, etc. Most of the board. During the last few years the group of work caused little departure from their ordinary companies had provided a noteworthy example peacetime efforts and so there would have to of the part that private enterprise could play in be no change-over in methods of production. an emergency. Labour shortage had proved troublesome and while the company was anxious to extend its Cable & Wireless, Ltd. (the operating com­ works the production of consumer goods would pany).—In a statement made at the annual remain unsatisfied until additional factory general meeting on Thursday last week Sir space and labour were available. Edward Wilshaw, chairman, outlined the con­ tribution which the company had made to the The Rheostatic Co., Ltd., at a meeting last war effort. They had continued to operate week approved an increase in capital by the all cable and wireless services from London. creation of an additional £50,000 of 6 per cent, In May, 1941, the central telegraph station in cumulative preference and £80,000 of ordinary Moorgate was destroyed by enemy action but capital. It is proposed to issue £50,000 of the thanks to careful planning their activities were new capital to preference and ordinary share­ transferred to their present headquarters in holders. Electra House, Victoria Embankment, without W. & T. Avery, Ltd., show a net profit of seriously dislocating the flow' of traffic. In £139,250 for the year ended March 31st last. 1944 there was a direct hit on the new office by a This is £127 less than the previous year’s figure. flying bomb. Despite the damage their emer­ The final dividend is maintained at 10 per cent., gency power supply was brought into action and again making 15 per cent. General reserve all the overseas telegraph circuits were working receives £20,000 (£10,000) and £45,000 again within twenty minutes. goes to war contingency reserve leaving £70,477 Forty-seven new wireless circuits had been (£68,465) to be carried forward. opened since September, 1939. Photo-telegraph services were now handling two thousand The Electrical Finance & Securities Co., Ltd., pictures a month compared with one hundred records a net revenue for 1944, after tax, of before the war. Four relay stations had been £74,027 (against £68,184). The final ordinary opened to overcome the fading of the wireless dividend is 6 per cent., making 10 per cent., beam and to help provide a continuous wireless and with a bonus of 3£ per cent, the total service, principally to Canada, Australia and distribution for the year is again 134 per cent. New Zealand. Charges for telegrams over A sum of £76,705 (£64,003) is carried forward. many circuits had been reduced. J. Stone & Co., Ltd., report a profit for 1944 Marconi’s Wireless Telegraph Co., Ltd.—The of £224,114 (against £238,305). With a final lack of young and talented technicians suited payment of 15 per cent, the dividend on the to the company’s specialised work was a handi­ ordinary shares is again 25 per cent., and cap to post-war business mentioned by ’Admiral £353,660 (£318,660) is carried forward. H. W. Grant, chairman and managing director, Radio Rentals, Ltd., propose shortly to offer at the annual general meeting last week. The 34,000 5s. ordinary shares at 22s. 6d. a share to company was, he said, doing its utmost to ordinary shareholders On the basis of one new prevail upon the authorities to return those in share for every twelve held. the Forces and Government establishments. Like most other British manufacturers the Hick, Hargreaves & Co., Ltd., have declared company was at a disadvantage compared with a final dividend of 8 per cent., again making 10 its competitors abroad who had been able to per cent, for the year. 3 4 E l e c t r ic a l R e v i e w July 6 , 1 9 4 5

ence stock and ordinary stock units taken up. New Companies £4,469,015 paid. £2,400 considered as paid. Ritchie & Co. (Electrical Contractors), Ltd.— Mortgages and charges: £1,261,977. Private company. Registered June 21st. West Gloucestershire Power Co., Ltd.—Capital, Capital, £1,000. Objects: To carry on the £885,000 in £518,500 61 per cent, participating business of electrical contractors and engineers, preference stock, £303,500 ordinary stock and etc. First directors: M. W. Ritchie, 1, Newton 63,600 ordinary shares of £1 each. £518,500 Road, Stoke Hammond; and A. C. Long, 23, preference and £303,500 ordinary stock taken Napier Street, Bletchley, Bucks. Registered up. £587,500 paid. £234,500 considered as office: 1, Newton Road, Stoke Hammond, paid. Mortgages and charges: £510,255. Bletchley. Graham Bracewell, Ltd.—Private company Increases of Capital Registered June 21st. Capital, £1,000. Objects: London Electrical Co. (Blackfriars), Ltd.—An To carry on the business of manufacturing extraordinary general meeting on June 11th, electricians, mechanical, radio and electrical approved an increase of £5,000 in the nominal engineers, etc. First directors: W. Graham, capital of the company, divided into 5,000 170, Halifax Road, Briarfield; and A. Bracewell, ordinary shares of £1 each, beyond the registered 71, Halifax Road, Briarfield. Registered capital of £32,500. office: 11, Nicholas Street, Burnley. Pioneer Telephone Manufacturing Co., Ltd.—- B.C.R. Installations, Ltd.—Private company. The nominal capital has been increased by the Registered June 21st. Capital, £100. Objects: addition of £9,000 in 4,000 ordinary and 5,000 To carry on the business of manufacturers of, 5 per cent, preference shares of £1 beyond the and dealers in, electrical apparatus and goods, registered capital of £1,000. etc. Subscribers: W. S. Corlett, 201a, Birkbeck Road, Beckenham; and A. R. Elliott, 80, Cop- Mortgages and Charges thome Avenue, Harrow. Registered office: Blackburn Edwards & Co., Ltd.—Mortgage 45, Berwick Street, W .l. on 290-292, Scotswood Road, Newcastle-on- D. B. MacKie & Swaffield, Ltd.—Private Tyne, dated June 2nd, 1945, to secure sums company. Registered June 23rd. Capital, not exceeding £600. Holders: Grainger Build­ £10,000. Objects: To carry on the business ing Society. of manufacturers of, and dealers in, electrical Turner & Booth, Ltd.—Satisfaction on March equipment and plant, etc. Directors: D. M. B. 12th o f debenture dated N ovem ber 17th, 1936, Mackie, 143, Rickmansworth Road, Watford; and registered December 1st, 1936. (Notice and G. C. Swaffield, 35, Brangwyn Drive, filed June 22nd.) B righton. Ellvin & Co., Ltd.—Private company. Regis­ Winding-up Orders tered June 19th. Capital, £100. Objects: To Princely Radio & Television Corporation (of carry on the business of manufacturers, im­ Great Britain), Ltd.—In the Companies Court, porters, exporters, factors, wholesalers and Chancery Division, last week, Mr. Justice retailers of dynamos, motors, armatures, mag­ netos, batteries, lamps, wireless and television Cohen made an order for the compulsory sets and accessories, etc. First director: L. H. winding up of this company. Mr. Danckwerts, for the petitioners, stated that the company had Sayer, 9, Castleton Road, E.17. Registered a nominal capital of £100 and owed the Crown office: 252, Risley Avenue, N.17. £300. Ryan (Wanstead), Ltd.—Private company. B. & B. Batteries, Ltd., 61, Caxton Road, Registered June 20th. Capital, £500. Objects: Wimbledon.—Winding-up order made June 18th. To carry on the business of manufacturers of and dealers in electrical, radio, television and mechanical apparatus and accessories, lamp Bankruptcies shades, etc. First directors: E. E. Fradd, C. R. G. W ebb (trading as the Southern Tredannick, Broadfield Way, Buckhurst Hill, Electrical Mechanical Co.), 94, St. George’s Essex, and three others. Registered office: 10, Road, Brighton, electrical engineer.—Bankrupt High Street, Wanstead, Essex. discharged May 31st, subject to his consenting to judgment for £50 being entered against him. (£50 paid to Official Receiver in lieu of entering Companies’ Returns judgm ent). Statements of Capital J. Boult and J. H. Boult, trading in co-partner­ Euston Manufacturing Co., Ltd.—Capital, ship as “ John Boult,” 3, Grosvenor Street, £2,000 in £1 shares. Return dated February Chester, electricians. (Separate estate of J. H. 9th. 1,137 shares taken up. £1,137 paid. Boult.)—Last day for receiving proofs for divi­ Mortgages and charges: £633 6s. 8d. dend July 17th. Trustee, Mr. A. H. Ward, Hunter Street (Friends’ Meeting House), Liver­ Wilkinson, Bentley & Co., Ltd.—Capital, pool, 3, Official Receiver. £3,000 in £1 shares. Return dated December 6th, 1944. 1,850 shares taken up. £1,850 paid. C. H. Boot, 29, Lyndon Road, Rubery, Mortgages and charges: Nil. Worcs., radio and electrical engineer.—Receiv­ ing order made June 25th, on debtor’s own Lancashire Electric Light & Power Co., Ltd.— petition. Capital, £4,571,415 in 571,415 first preference stock units, 1,000,000 7 per cent, preference W. B. Ralphs, 2, M ulgrave R oad, M iddles­ stock units and 2,900,000 ordinary stock units, brough, electrical contractor.—Application for all of £1 and 1,000,000 unclassified shares of £1 discharge to be heard on July 19th at the Court each. All first preference stock, 7 per cent, prefer­ House, Wilson Street West, Middlesbrough. July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 41 CONTROL

VERITYS L td. ASTON, BIRMINGHAM 6

Sales Headquarters : Drum type Reversing BRETTENHAM HOUSE, LANCASTER PLACE, W.C.2 Controller

e v c t

MAKE REGULAR USE OF . . MARTINDALE COMMSTONES 0 Cut copper, brass and steel without Over 50 sizes in stock, in 3 grades: coarse, clogging. Edges of every bar left clean ; medium and fine. 20 different types of no dragging of copper. Save 75% of time handle. and cost of turning commutator in lathe. Over 25,000 regular users all over the Give longer life to motors, etc. world.

MARTINDALE ELECTRIC C? LlD WESTMORLAND road , LONDON, N.W.9 Phone : C o lin d tle 1*41-3 C r a m s : Commstones, Hyde. London IIIIU U U IIH IIlllllllH llU U IU llliU U IU U U IIIIlllllllllU JIIIIIIIIIIIIIIliilllllllllllllllllU lllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllll 4 2 fcLECTRICAE REVIEW July 6, 1945

WITH ADOlTiONAL CORO GRIP

This illustration shows W. & G. Lampholders, and Ceiling Rose, some of the many types of Electrical Accessories supplied with and without porcelain interior. A wide and comprehensive range of Electrical Accessories is available for Essential Services.

WARD&GOLDSTONE U-D Pen d leto n Ma n c h es t er 6. (ESTABLISHED OVER HALF A CENTURY) July 6, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 3 5

but its effect is obvious in the strength of STOCKS AND SHARES Siemens shares. Others have also been in­ T u e s d a y E v e n i n g . fluenced by the same consideration, and the HE more closely that polling day, Thursday market in shares of the equipment and manu­ in this week, approached, the more confi­ facturing companies is decidedly good. Johnson T dent Stock Exchange markets became in their& Phillips have risen Is. 6d. to 76s. 6d. expectation that Mr. Churchill would obtain a Hopkinsons hardened to 84s. 9d. Inter­ majority for his party. The anticipation of a national Combustion at 8£ are ex dividend, a.nd Conservative success at the polls has served to 5s. 6d. higher. Midland Electric Manufacturing dissipate any immediate apprehension in re­ put on -¡V, to 7-$. In Vactric, a fair turnover gard to the nationalising of the railways, the left the price Is. 3d. higher at 23s. 3d. utility services, the coal industry and others. Brush Electrical From the Stock Exchange point of view, the result of this has been to advance still further The Brush Electrical Engineering Company prices which had already shown a substantial issued three years ago £143,170 ordinary stock recovery from the depression that overtook to the Associated British Engineering Company them two months ago. at par. The Stock Exchange Council has just given leave to deal in this stock. In the market, Home Railways Proposal it is thought unlikely that any large amount will come in, and the price of the existing 5s. units In the Home Railway market, the Southern remains at 10s. At the last-paid rate of dividend, group is better, and there has also been a little 9 per cent., the yield is 4E per cent, on the money. support for London Passenger Transport “ C ”. An interesting proposal, put forward in Man­ Ward & Goldstone, Ltd. chester, suggests that the profit made by the The price of Ward & Goldstone ordinary shares Government out of the Railway Agreement seldom alters from week to week. It would seem should be treated as a pool, or cushion, for the to have become static at the present quotation of railway companies to draw upon, should 30s. 6d. One reason is that there is but little earnings in any one year after the termination market in the shares. Efforts have been directed of the Agreement fall below the standard on several occasions to the creation of a better revenue. Southern preferred is 10s. up at 73-J-. market for the shares in London, but they met Transport “ C ” remains at 67^. with little success. The price is quoted also in Liverpool. The company has paid dividends of Communication Stocks 20 per cent, per annum since 1938 inclusive, The statement by the chairman of Cable & giving a capital bonus of 10 per cent, in 1939. Wireless, read at the meeting last Thursday, The earnings throughout this period have been lifted the war-veil sufficiently to give some slight on a substantially higher scale than the distribu­ indication of the service which the organisation tions. Goodwill was written off some years ago. has rendered to the war effort. One striking The year ends with March and the report appears illustration is that of the number of words early in July. At the present price of 30s. 6d., carried. In the year before the war, 1938, the the yield on the money is a modest 3£ per cent. company dealt with 231,000,000 words ; in The current price is the highest reached for ten 1944, this had swollen to 705,000,000. N o t­ years, during which period it fell, in the black withstanding all the handicaps imposed by war days of 1940, to 12s. 6d. The issued capital is conditions, Cable & Wireless played a leading £174,367, of which £94,367 is in ordinary part in communication work, and the claim of stock in 5s. units. the chairman, Sir Edward Wilshaw, that what has been done has developed, on behalf of the Miscellaneous Matters Empire, the finest telegraphic service in the world, Less activity has characterised the market for is not likely7 to be challenged. The chairman radio shares. A. C. Cossor continue the most maintains that private enterprise is largely active in the group ; the price, after narrow responsible for the achievement of the organisa­ fluctuations,- is again 39s. 6d. Philco remained tion in lessening the cost of messages, as well as unchanged a t 14s. 6d. The Cinem a Television increasing the value of the service in other Company proposes to take over the Bush Radio, directions. The ordinary stock is better at 87 : and when this is effected, the Cinema Television the 5J per cent, preference keeps firm at 115. deferred shareholders will get three “ B ” shares in addition to the present one share which they Siemens and Others now hold. The price of the latter is 8s. 6d. for Siemens have risen sharply during the. past the sixpenny share. few days and the price at 37s. is 2s. 6d. up. The De la Rue have risen 3s. 9d. to 10-Jf. Tube fusion of British Insulated and Callender’s Cable Investments at 5| are higher. Indian utilities has given rise to conjectures as to whether other have been bought for investors on, or near, amalgamations on similar lines may be expected the spot. Cawnpore Electrics at 58s. 6d. are to take place. If they should, it is thought that 6s. 6d. to the good. Delhi Electrics touched Siemens may prove one of those likely to be 54s. before reverting to 53s. The Home elec­ concerned. This is purely a matter of surmise, tricity group is practically unchanged. 36 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945 Hanufachirer§* War Work—VII From Relays to Multiple Rocket Guns

Londex, Ltd. the Duchess Works were constructed for the ^lEV ERA L hundred thousand relays have winding and assembly of standard and frac- ^ been manufactured by Londex, Ltd., for tional-HP motors. Rolls-Royce, Ltd,, alone, the Admiralty, Ministry of Aircraft Produc­ was ordering Brook motors by the thousand, tion, Air Ministry and for its three main factories and engine testing Ministry of Supply. plants, and motor output reached 1,500 Harbour and railway a w eek. authorities have in­ In November, 1942, the company was stalled the company’s asked to become a parent firm for the manu­ relays for remote con­ facture of predictors for the Bofors gun. trol of outdoor lighting This complicated instrument, containing four where it was essential electric motors, absorbed 100,000 man-hours. that work should not Eight “ daughter ” firms undertook the sub­ stop during darkness units, whilst Brook Motors produced the except in case of air chassis and electrical gear and carried out the attack. For one very final assembly. Five hundred jigs and gauges extensive harbour in­ and twelve months’ spadework were required stallation, relays had to make the first instrument. to be ready for the By this thousands of motors were being night before D-Day. sent to help rebuild Russian industries and Floatless liquid level Malta also called for and received Brook controls have been products by air and sea, together with India, supplied for special South Africa, New Zealand, Australia and pu rp o ses, e .g ., the Middle East. Many motors never penicillin manu­ reached their destination and shiploads facture, while had to be replaced. By 1942 motor remote flow in­ output had risen to 1,800 a week, of dicators have which many were flameproof for the been manufac­ Chorley, Thorpe Arch and many other Londex electrical signalling equip­ tured for the m ent for air and sea navigation protection of mobile power plant and wireless transmitters. Automatic process timers Were incorporated in complete remote control equipments for war plant installations. New signalling apparatus for air and sea navigation has been developed and several research contracts have been carried out in co-operation with the Fighting Services'. Brook Motors, Ltd. At the outbreak of war Brook Motors, Ltd., were making AC motors at the rate of 100 a day of every type and size up to 200 HP, in a works extending over three acres. The winter of 1940 passed with increasing demands for motors, but direct armament contracts were' obtained to stimulate a spirit of interest and enthusiasm throughout the works. Contracts for high-frequency air­ A.A. No. 3 Mark I predictor for the Bofors borne generators used for radar equipment gun partly manufactured and assembled by Brook Motors, Ltd. of fighting planes were the first undertaking, involving machining to limits far beyond filling factories, petroleum stations, and coal standard practice. mines. Fourteen hundred people were making At the time of the Dunkirk withdrawal in them, including more than 200 part-time May, 1940, parts for the Rolls-Merlin engine em ployees. were being produced, and the radiolocation The call-up of many of the younger girls generators were going into battle within was an acute problem. Electric motor forty-eight hours of leaving the factory. As winders take many years to train, and where the works were now no longer large enough, a skilled worker took six hours to wind a July 6, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 37

Ml motor part-timers took thirty for the same generally, suspension gear for jettison tanks, machine, while apprentices needed one food warmers for York aircraft, air warmers hundred hours. Finally, all the skilled for administrative and other buildings, rocket winders who had left and were at home with containers for assisted take-off, metal anchors children were asked to help, and twenty- for airfield distribution, glim lights for aero­ eight of them started motor winding in their dromes, armature drying ovens for F.A.A., H ilt own homes. Output had risen from three humidity ovens for accelerated test purposes, motors per person to 6-5 motors, mainly anti-vibration trays for aircraft, and film due to increases in production efficiency with spools for reconnaissance work. Many mul­ ached |jj roller and power conveyors throughout and tiple rocket guns as well as hot-cupboards by rigid inspection to ensure interchange­ pup» n ability of all parts. 0t|ht®4 To other direct contracts had now been Bofors g added “ Squids ” (anti-submarine radar con­ »laiéjij trolled depth charge throwerj) and a small magnet clutch unit, both on 'behalf of the Admiralty. By 1944, when the company celebrated its fortieth anniversary, the military outlook was changing and defence was giving aniedoui igs and gia way to attack. Predictors, of which 150 had «ere rqr: been made, w'ere wanted no more, and in their place electrically operated bomb release units were produced, together with generators R were la for military transport and airborne equip­ ment, the output of airborne generators ecfived h reaching 20,000 machines. her withlHS More orders came from Empire countries Australia i while at home 2,000 motors were made for y motors la radar and 500 for penicillin production. By n and shipka this time 1,500 people were employed, and By 1942 a more than 9,000 motors per month were É a »reU leaving the factory. Kproolfdi, In 1945 again the demand changed. All and mam oa parts of all motors had to be specially treated to withstand the conditions of the tropics. Although this has doubled the work on

every motor, output has been maintained. Belling food storage cabinet for the Y o r k ’ During the war over 1,000 additional em­ transport plane ployees have been and are still employed. Constant research has entirely changed the and radiators for fighting ships were supplied electric motor, higher quality ‘ steels, new to the Admiralty, and some thousands of air electrical insulations and methods of wire warmers were made for merchant ships. impregnation, electric welding of copper and On the home front shelter heaters of all kinds heavy-gauge steel pressings having improved were manufactured in great numbers. The the pre-war machine. items mentioned above are those of which large quantity production was undertaken; Belling & C o., L td. space does not permit reference to hundreds In the very early days of the war a start of other stores made in small quantities. was made on hand grenades and trench in the company’s research laboratory, mortar bombs, the castings being made in the much development work was done on new company’s own foundry. From 1940 onwards offensive weapons, and as an indication of the whole facilities of the company were the diversity of the products made it may be gradually transferred to war production. mentioned that the lightest item weighed a Large quantities of Sten gun parts, mortar fraction of an ounce whilst the weight of the for the Botw sights, light beacon directors, radio and wave- heaviest was 7f tons. At present the com­ ala*di meter cases, shims for gun mountings, jeep pany is engaged on a large quantity of * guards, telescope cases for tanks, transport- cookers for the Government’s emergency ations,and1® able compartments for screening from radio housing scheme. and other interference were produced, special equipment for D-Day including periscope New Telephone Factory for Lisbon covers for tanks, ducts and vents for tank The International Standard Electric Corpora­ gujger.ii wading, also the release gears for jettisoning tion, through its subsidiary company, the ¿trie these p arts. Standard Electrica Portuguese, is to build a jjjdss F o r the R .A .F ., F leet A ir A rm an d A llied large factory in Lisbon for making telephones „lo F°rces ah classes of cases were made, for and all types of radio equipment.— R euter r> ‘ radio transmission, reception and radar work (Lisbon). 3 8 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w July 6 , 1945 \i:n PATENTS Electrical Specifications Recently Published

The numbers under which the specifications will be Marconi’s Wireless Telegraph Co., Ltd., printed and abridged are given in parentheses. F. E. Baum and J. W. Graham.—“ Light Copies of any specification (Is. each) may be current electrical switches such as may be used obtained from the Patent O ffice, 25, Southampton on radio receivers.” 14745. September 8th, Buildings, London, W.C.2. 1943. (569956.) . „ , J. W. Meaker.—“ Perforation of sheet KT. Ges. Brown,. Boveri & Cie.— material by electrical discharges.” 21744. A “ Choking coil with a double bend December 28th, 1943. (569968.) characteristic.” 6637/43. April 11th, 1942. T. D. Parkin.—“ Multi-range inductance (569853.) capacity tuning circuit arrangements and tuning H. Aron.—“ Electrode assemblies or anvils scales therefor,” 50. Jan u ary 1st, 1942. for electrical billet heating machines.” 18019. (569845.) , „ „ November 1st, 1943. (569996.) Ransomes, Sims & Jefferies, Ltd., D. P. D. G. E. Barrie.—“ Bar elements for electric fires.” 15387. September 20th, 1943. (569985.) Ransome and B. S. Rogers.—“ Contact fingers British Thomson-Houston Co., Ltd. — for electric controllers.” 19711. November 25th, 1943. (569904.) “ Electric valve circuits for controlling current W. H. Riddle, D. Wright, Metropolitan- impulses in Welding and other load circuits.” 16059/42. November 22nd, 1941. (569847.) Vickers Electrical Co., Ltd., and Automatic “ Electric current converting systems.” 3788/43. Telephone & Electric Co., Ltd.—“ Protection March 18th, 1942. (569850.) “ Toasting of electric power systems.” 15406. September apparatus.” 19546/43. November 23rd, 1942. 20th, 1943. (569986.) (569903.) “ Speed governors.” 16765/42. J. Sankey & Sons, Ltd., and G. W. Stockton. December 3rd, 1941. (569910.) “ Electric —“ Electric insulating material.” 14960. Sep­ tember 13th, 1943. (569960.) cable terminals.” 11872/43. July 28th, 1942. G. R. Shepherd (Westinghouse Electric (569926.) “ Vent structure for ovens and the International Co.).—“ Automatic electric circuit- like.” 13052/43. August 18th, 1942. (569929.) “ Compressors.” 1313144. January 26th, breakers.” 21936. D ecem ber 31st, 1943. 1943. (569939.) (569971.) British Thomson-Houston Co., Ltd. (General F. Sigmund and W. S. Hlavin.—“ Electro­ Electric Co.).—“ Diode rectifier circuits.” 16880. deposition of rubber-like substances on the October 14th, 1943. (569990.) windings of electrical devices.” 9872. June Cable & Wireless, Ltd., and F. Warburton.— 18th, 1943. (Convention date not granted.) “ Telegraph apparatus.” 15223. September (569921.) Standard Telephones & Cables, Ltd., and 16th, 1943. (569961.) A. Charles and Smith Meters, Ltd. — F. Fairley.— “ Electric in sulators.” 19373. “ Indicator gauges and like instruments.” November 19th, 1943. (570000.) 18007. December 18th, 1942. (569912.) Standard Telephones & Cables, Ltd. (Inter­ “ Means for reducing clearance or backlash national Standard Electric Corporation).— between the moving parts of instruments such “ Radio receivers.” 19766. November 26th, as indicator gauges.” 18008. December 18th, 1943. (569905.) 1942. (569913.) ' W. E. Stilwell, Jun.—“ Circuit-breaker and A. Charles, A. Turner and Smith Meters, overload protective device.” 13591. August Ltd.—“ Indicator gauges for linear dimensions.” 20th, 1943. (569945.) 17952. December 17th, 1942. (569911.) United Aircraft Corporation.—“ Means for J. A. Crabtree & Co., Ltd., W. E. Hill, generating high-frequency electric oscillations.” T. D. G.'Wintle and R. W. Morgan.—“ Coup­ 11404/43. June 29th, 1942. (569858.) “ Super­ lings for electrical wiring systems.” 15265. sonic inspection devices.” 14924-6/44. June September 17th, 1943. (569983.) 29th, 1942. (Divided out of 569858.) (569872-4.) R. W. Fisher.—“ Electric power systems.” 11600. July 16th, 1943. (569978.) F. J.*Flux, H. Lowe, J. Baron and C. C. Electric Fences Ramsden.—“ Electric control switches.” 21299. n p o ensure that the energy supplied to fencing December 20th, 1943. (569965.) for the enclosure of livestock shall Heating Construction, Ltd., and H. G. be so limited and controlled that under the Darby. — “ Washing machines.” 20761. most extreme conditions it shall not cause December 11th, 1943. (569906.) danger, a specification (B.S. 1222-1945) has Igranic Electric Co., Ltd., and J. R. Taylor. been issued, restricted to fences operated from —“ Control gear for 3-phase induction motors.” batteries. Equipment energised from supply 11864. July 21st, 1943. (569888.) mains is in use, mainly in other countries, but Kingston-upon-Hull Corporation and R. E. is not recommended for use in this country and Mell.—“ Methods of and apparatus for testing is therefore not regarded as standard. The and calibrating meters having a continuously most important section of the new specification rotating element such as electric energy meters.” is that relating to the performance of the 16049. November 13th, 1942. (569940.) controlling unit. Special attention is also given Marconi Instruments, Ltd., and W. B. to earthing and to the enclosure of the con­ Bartley.—“ Method of and apparatus for trolling unit. Copies may be obtained from determining moisture in various substances.” British Standards Institution, 28, Victoria 12136. July 26th, 1943, (569889.) Street, London, S.W.l, price 2s. each, post free. July 6, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 39 CONTRACT INFORMATION Accepted Tenders and Prospective Electrical Work Requirements for twelve months. Tenders Contracts Open accepted include the following:—Cable cover Where “ Contracts Open ” are advertised in our tiles (six months’ contract).—H. J. Baldwin & “ Official Notices ” section the date of the issue Co.; Cable Covers, Ltd. Concrete slabs (six is given in parentheses. months’ contract).—Callender’s. Conduit and Birkenhead.—July 16th. Electricity Depart­ accessories for wiring.—L. Andrew & Co. In­ ment. Transformers. (See this issue.) sulating cloth.—Hamnett & Andrew. Steam and water tubes and fittings.—S. Gratrix. Birmingham.—July 20th. Electricity Depart­ Tapes.—Callender’s; Henley’s; L. Andrew & ment. Circulating water pipework, etc., for Co.; Rykneld Mills. Insulated wires.—B.I. Hams Hall “ B ” power station extensions. Cables; Connolly’s. Tinned copper wire.— (June 29th.) E. & E. Kaye. Darlington.—July 10th. Electricity Depart­ Public Health Committee.—Platform type ment. 6-6-kV overhead line. (June 29th.) goods truck.—Electricars. Hull.—July 13th. Electricity Department. Oldham.—Centrifugal pump, motor, etc.— Pumps. (June 15th.) Mather & Platt. Additional cabling and equip­ ment for carbonising plant at Higginshaw.—■ Littleborough.—July 23rd. Electricity Depart­ W. J. Furse. ment. 11-kV ring-main unit and l.v. switchgear. (See this issue.) Sheffield.—Transport Committee. Accepted. Tramcar motors. Ten pairs at £686 per pair.— Manchester.—July 12th. Electricity Com­ Metropolitan-Vickers. Five pairs at £667 per mittee. Water valves for Stuart Street generating pair.—G.E.C. station, and ash sluicing plant at Barton. (June 29th.) Worthing.—Highways Committee. Accepted. July 20th. 33-kV and auxiliary and telephone Lamp reinstatements (£443).—G.E.C. cables between Barton generating station and Benchill substation. (See this issue.) Contracts in Prospect New Zealand.— Septem ber 18 th. Public Particulars of new works and building schemes for Works Department. One 23,000-BHP turbine the use of electrical installation contractors and and 16,667-BHP generator for Waitaki power traders. Publication in this section is no guarantee scheme. that electrical work is definitely included. Alleged Oulton, near Leeds.—July 16th. West Riding inaccuracies should be reported to the Editors. Mental Deficiency Act Committee. Rewiring of Oulton Hall Institution. Specifications, Aldridge.—Houses (46), Pelsall and Rushall, etc., from the county architect, County Hall, for U.D.C.; surveyor. Anchor Road, Aldridge, near Walsall. • Wakefield. Plymouth.—July 10th. Electricity Depart­ Bexhill.—Reconditioning De La Warr Pavi­ ment. Ash conveyor belts. (June 29th.) lion (£6,205); borough engineer. Willesden.—July 16th.—Electricity Depart­ Brierfield (Lancs.).—Completion of houses ment. Street lighting columns and lanterns. (28) for U.D.C.; H. L. Smith, town clerk, Town (See this issue.) Hall. Brighton.—Convalescent home (£25,000) and junior school, Hanover Terrace (£5,970); Orders Placed borough engineer. Ashton-under-Lyne.—Electricity Committee. Conversion of showroom, East Street and Accepted. 500-kVA indoor type transformer.— Grand Junction Parade to children’s theatre; Ferranti. 3-panel truck-type switchboard with Charles Burnham. drop-down pattern isolators.—Switchgear & Broughton Moor (Cumberland).—Houses (32) Cowans. 5-unit distribution board with provi­ for the N orth-E astern H ousing A ssociation; P. L. sion for increased fuse rating.—English Electric Browne, Son & Harding, architects, Pearl Co. Buildings, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Burton-on-Treiit.—Public Assistance Com­ Castle Ward.—Houses (26), Hazlerigg; mittee. Accepted. Installation of automatic R.D.C. surveyor. telephone system at assistance offices (£624).— Automatic Telephone & Electric Co. Cheshire.—Grammar school, Hazel Grove and Bramhall; E. M. Parkes, county architect, The London. — Southwark. — Electricity Com­ Castle, Chester. mittee. Accepted. Condensate extraction pump (£120).—W. H. Allen Sons & Co. DC Chesterfield.—Additional classrooms, Old motor (£41).—G.E.C. Switchgear ring main Road Municipal School; A. Greenhough, chief units (£159).—Long & Crawford. L.v. switch­ education officer. gear (£136).—Lucy & Co. Meter testing Cranbrook (Kent).—Houses (22), Benenden, equipment (£280).—Ferranti. Hawkhurst and Goudhurst, for R.D.C.; W. Lynn-Thompson, architect, Eastcote, Orpington. M anchester. —Electricity Committee. Accept­ ed. 33-kV feeder protective gear.—A. Reyrolle. Dunfermline.—Houses (60), with electrical 33-kV switchgear extensions.—Ferguson, Pailin. work, Headwell; Andrew Shearer, town clerk, 10,0 0 0 -kVA transformer.—Ferranti. City Chambers. 4 0 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w July 6 , 1 9 4 5

Glasgow.—Nurses' accommodation, Eastern Newcastle-on-Tyne.—Temporary houses; Gee, District Hospital (£4,100); city engineer. Walker & Slater, contractors, Derby and Hamilton.—Carpet factory (1,000 hands); A. L ondon. Stevenson, Bertram Street, Burnbank. Additions, tobacco factory, for John Sinclair & Co., Ltd., Bath Lane; J. Walton Taylor & Huntingdon.—Permanent houses, Ambury Son, Norwich Union Buildings, Westgate Road. Hill site; surveyor, Town Hall. Ogwen.—Houses (50) and community centre Levland.-^Houses (30), Sandy Lane, for on Glasinfryn estate for R.D.C.; Roland T. U.D.C.; J. Turner & Son (Preston), Ltd., Jones, architect, Midland Bank Chambers, builders, William Henry Street, Preston. Bangor. Liverpool.—Junior department of the School Ormskirk.—Extension to operating theatre of Art, and erection of a new F. L. Calder and new nurses' home, Ormskirk General College of Domestic Science; L. H. Keay, city Hospital and Dispensary, Hants Lane; Dr. H. E. architect, Blackburn Chambers, Dale Street. Marsden, hon. secretary. London.—Flats (£81,065), Maitland Park, St. Radcliffe.—Houses (22), Bolton Road; bor­ Pancras; L.C.C. architect. ough surveyor. Kensington. — Flats ( 4 3 ) , and child welfare Ruthin.—Houses (84), Drill Hall site; F. A. centre, Bramley Road; borough engineer, Roberts, architect, Earl Chambers, Mold, Flints. Town Hall, Kensington, W.8. D e p t f o r d . —Rebuilding works, Evelyn Street; Southgate. — Housing scheme, Barrowell Molins Machine Co. Green; borough engineer. Sheffield.—Rebuilding 19 houses on Council Middlesbrough.—Estate plan, Belle Vue estates; R. Charlesworth, Ltd., M. J. Gleeson, Grove; alterations, Longlands Bakery; sub­ Ltd., and Cowley, Murfitt -& Sons, Ltd. station, James Street, for Middlesbrough Case­ ments, L td.; alteration to bakery, for Meredith & Staffordshire.—Temporary school, Goldthorn Son ; factory additions, for Greco Bros. ; Park, Sedgley; county architect, Stafford. alterations, for Richardson & Son; and rebuild­ Sunderland.—Temporary houses (403) and ing of premises, Newport Road, for Eaton & permanent houses (100); borough surveyor. C o.; architects for all schemes: Kitching & Co., Wallsend-on-Tyne.—Kitchen, Westerh School; 40, Albert Road. borough surveyor, Town Hall. Middlesex.—Maids’ home, - Central Hospital VVednesbury.—Houses (36), Dale Street; A. (£21,700); county architect. Booth, borough surveyor. Middlewich (Ches.).—Houses (60) and shop­ Worcester. — Extensions and alterations ping centre, Rolt estate, for U.D.C.; R. J. B. (£4,000), Grand Stand Hotel; Ansells Brewery, Wilkinson, surveyor, Council Offices. Ltd., Aston, Birmingham. Supply in Jlancliestei* Electricity Committee’s Report for 1944-45 B#ROGRESS in the development and re- the distribution^equipment was overloaded no construction of the Stuart Street generating breakdown of apparatus occurred. On one station is detailed in the report of the Manchester day the C.E.B. called for a load reduction of Electricity Committee for the year ended 20,000 kW in Manchester, and to meet this March 31st last. This work was further 2,822 consumers were disconnected for nearly advanced by the conversion of two boilers to an hour. operate at the increased pressure of 375 lb. The total quantity of electricity sent out from per sq. in. while forced draught equipment the power stations last year was 954 million was fitted to ten boilers. Four turbo-alternator kWh, 691,411 tons of fuel being used at an sets were dismantled to make room for modern average price of 37s. 3d. a ton. Sales of elec­ plant, and preparatory work was carried out tricity, apart from export to the C.E.B., increased for the installation of a new 60,000-kW turbo­ by 2-3 per cent, to 729-5 million kWh. Lighting generator set and two new boilers. Two new heating and cooking supplies were largely wagon tippers and a coal conveyor were com­ responsible for this advance, rising bv 22-9 pleted and a new ash disposal system put into per cent, to 184-57 million kWh. service. Two of the older wooden cooling Revenue from the sale of electricity amounted towers have now been completely removed. to £2,698,437 (against £2,484,694), total income Civil engineering work in connection with a being £2,797,228 (£2,578,088). Working new reinforced concrete tower and recon­ expenses, inclusive of all generation costs, were struction of the turbine and boiler houses for £2 386,791 (£2,191,028), leaving a balance of the new plant has been started but progress £410,437 (£387,060). After meeting interest, has been limited by shortage of labour. This etc., charges there was a net surplus of £15,213 and weather conditions have also to some (£2,722), most of which has been used to meet extent retarded the work of laying additional expenditure of a capital nature. 33-kV feeders. During the year covered by the report Mr. During the cold spell in January there was H. C. Lamb retired from the position of chief a record rn.d. on the system of 243,860 kW (an engineer and manager and was succeeded by increase of 19-3 per cent.). Although some of Mr. R. A. S. Thwaites. July 6, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 4 3

A 70kVA Auto Transformer for operating an American mach­ ine from a stand- ard 400 volt th ree -phase supply.

$ u i/t fn , Jjistin Q SeJtA/tCe. ftft, £i/eh 4j

C te c & iic a l ■PuJtftosc. Single and Three Phase, Air Cooled and Oil Cooled. List 103 5 de­ OTHER HEAYBERD tails sizes and weights PRO DUCTS:—Rectifying of Transformers up to Equipment, Battery Chargers, 27kVA, open and enclosed Industrial Electrical and types. Scientific Apparatus.

■ mu m m m iAi u c r * am v ^ w ■ Qa ■ ■

Head O/lice r 28, RUSSELL S Q U A R E , W. C . 1. Telep'n c M u % . 6 4 1 ?

Precious Metal Contacts. Silver-on-Copper Bi-Metal. Bi-Metal Contact Units. Non-Ferrous Metal and A llo y W ires and Strips fo r Resistances and Fuses. Platinum, Silver and Precious Metal Alloy Wires and Strips. Silver Plated Copper Wires. Low Temperature Brazing Alloys including “ Easy-Flo,” “ Sil-Fos” and “ Silbralloy.” Nickel Valve Tubes, Pure Nickel Gauze. Fusible Alloys. Selenium, Mercury and other Non-Ferrous Metals. You are invited to write for fuller information on any of the above to : JOHNSON, MATTHEY & C° LTD HEAD OFFICE : 73/83 HATTON GARDEN, L O N D O N , E .C .I 4 4 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945]

s e t * 0 * c * *

* w s 0 4

It isn’t surprising that the Micanite

& Insulators people are having to

supply more and more Empire Cloths

and Tapes made from woven glass. Woven

glass provides an insulating material of great

durability which doesn’t give a chance to Messrs. Volt and Amp and Mr. and Mrs. W att even when things get hotted up much more than usual. Apart from woven glass, we .make Empire Tapes and Cloths from a number of other materials, so that people who must keep electricity in its place can be sure of getting

exactly the right material for every particular purpose. and i THE MiCANITE & INSULATORS CO. LTD. EMPIRE WORKS, BLACKHORSE LANE, LONDON, E. 17

Makers of MICANITE (Built-up Mica Insulation). Fabricated and Processed MICA. PAXOLIN (Synthetic resin laminated sheets, rods, tubes and cylinders). High-voltage Bushings and Terminals for indoor and outdoor use Empire Varnished Insulating Cloths and Tapes arrd all other forms of Electrical Insulation Suppliers of Vulcanised Fibre, Leatheroid. Presspahn, etc. Distributors of Micoflex-Duratube Sleevings Micoflex Durasleeve (plastic covered flexible metal conduit) and Kenutuf Injection Mouldings (P V C ) 4 5 July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w

On the road to Victory j ^ c a t io ^

Heed. Tra&tMark - No's. 666 J U * *

•MEMBERS OF THE CABLE MAKERS ASSOCIATION The London Electric St. Helens Cable & Crompton Parkinson W. T. Henley’s Tele­ ! Anchor Cable Co. W ire Co. and Rubber Co. Ltd. Ltd. (Derby Cables Ltd.) graph W orks Co. Ltd. Ltd. Smiths Ltd. tish Insulated Cables Johnson & Phillips Ltd. The Macintosh Cable Siemens Brothers So The Enfield Cable Co. Ltd. (Siemens Ltd. W orks Ltd. Co. Ltd. The India Rubber, Electric Lamps & lender’s Cable & The Metropolitan Supplies Ltd.) Edison Swan Cables Ltd. Gutta-Percha & Tele­ ¡(instruction Co. Ltd. graph Works Co. Ltd. Electric Cable & Construction Co. Ltd. Standard Telephones nnollys (Blackley) W . T. Glover & Co. Ltd. (The Slivertown Co.) Ltd. Pirelli-General Cable & Cables Ltd. Greengate & Irwell Liverpool Electric Cable W orks Ltd. (General e Craigpark Electric Co. Ltd. Electric Co. Ltd.) Union Cable Co.Ltd. Cable Co. Ltd. Rubber Co. Ltd. — f t h e Cable'Makers' Association, High Holborn House. 52-54 High Holborn, London, W .C.I. ’Phone Hotborn 7633 46 Electrical Review July 6, 1 9 4 5

y W u lc i / n q ( ettfh m eetf

We have a wide range of Standard 2, 3, and 4 Way Terminal Blocks to meet the requirements of manufacturers of electrical equipment. We have designed and produced many mouldings for the Electrical Trade, and these are some of the few which we can still manufacture for present-day needs. However, we look forward to the time when we shall be solving your post-war problems, assisted by the extensive knowledge we are gaining in

manufacturing to exacting war-time specifications. INSULATORS LTD J\\vuAAJLi*vas /PLeSvvt

LEOPOLD ROAD • EDMONTON . LONDON • N 18 • PHONE:, TOT 1491 ( 4 lin e s ! July 6, 1 945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 4 7

DESIGNED AND MANUFACTURED •< BY SPECIALISTS WITH OVER 35 YEARS EXPERIENCE - ■ < <

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rté- the Htumejfoi.

^ 0 0 A p?iI0C£S"\

. F / f i p s

PREMIER ELECTRIC HEATERS LTD • B I R M I N G H AM 9 -

R P -3 7 2 48 Electrical Review J u ly 6 . *945

A pply for Leaflet Lo n d o n O f f ic e , No. 13-1044 WINDSOR HOUSE, v i c t o r i a S t r e e t , Lo n d o n S . w . I. Phone, ABBEY 5559

NOTHER E l e c t r i c a l M aster

D ir e c t -O n -Lin e CONTACTOR U N IT WITH ISOLATOR 12 AMPS MAXIMUM

A ir e d a l e E l e c t r i c a l s M n f g .C o .,Lt d . Macta Works, Low Moor, B radford. 'Phone. Low Moor 7 0 3-4

We make mouldings in any plastic Contact arc assembly blocks, terminal blocks and covers, coil formers and turrets and mounting blocks, material, thermo-setting or thermo­ switch couplings and spindles, brush arms, trans­ plastic. We also make laminated former bobbins and covers, lead guide bars, trimmer rotors, damper caps, brush boxes and caps, brush mouldings. Our press capacity is holder bodies, caps and flanges, commutator end shield covers, terminal strips and connector bushes, from 10 to 1,500 tons, and here are junction-box escutcheons and insulators, transmitter a few of the mouldings we make for braces, covers for operator lamps, bezels, hand-wheel push-button sleeves, aerial insulators, meter bases the electrical industry : and covers.

ASHDOWN8 LTD, EGGLESTON WORKS, 8T. HELEN8, LANCS • TELEPHONE: ST. HELENS 3206 July 6 1 945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 4 9

ELECTRIC MOTORS

W E are most busily w ill be fairly taken in its engaged in making turn. We are gratified that motors and apologies. so many know that the Straining every effort to quality of Neco Motors will overtake demand we can only justify their kind exercise assure you that every order of patience in the delay.

DELIVERY IN STRICT ROTATION

THE NORMAND ELECTRICAL CO. LTD.

NORTH STREET, CLAPHAM COMMON, LONDON, S.W.4. TEL. : MACAULAY 3211-4

ECO MOTORS 5 0 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945

These approved and certified Conduits and Fittings a re consistently reliable under the most arduous conditions INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS of service. You can specify none better. The problem of providing HILDICK &HILDICK a D.C. supply—for the WALSALL TUBE YVOBKS operation of electric loco­ motives, trucks, cranes and PLECK ROAD.W ALSALL. waI 01^ hoists, electrolytic plant, London Stores: 9 Howland Mews West, Howland St., W.l. Phone: Museum 6225 lifting magnets, magnetic clutches and magnetic separators ; for small scale or bulk charging of batter­ ies for electric vehicles, miners’ lamps, etc., for almost every application where D.C. is required— is most effectively solved by installation of a Hewittic floor-mounting HEWITTIC RECTIFIER,the pattern battery charg­ simplest, most reliable ing rectifier for electric vehicle operation. converting plant made.

WRITE FOR CATALOGUE E .R ./llO

Larger rectifier installation for heavy industrial loads— electrolytic plants, crane installations, etc. ADASTKA* HEWITTIC ELECTRIC CO. LTD. POLES WALTON-ON-THAMES, SURREY Telephone : Telegrams : D m r r I TD TYBURN R? ERDINGTON Walton-on-Thames760(8 l¡nes).,,Hew¡ttic.Walton-oh-Thames” rULti L_ BIRMINGHAM.24. THE STRONGEST OF THE STRONG

In addition to having great strength and long life, the Alklum Steel-Alkaline Battery is compact, light in weight, unaffected by long periods of idleness, easy to install and in­ expensive to maintain. It is the ideal battery for switch operation.

ALKLUM FOR SWITCH CLOSING AND TRIPPING, EMERGENCY LIGHTING, SIGNAL OPERATION, REMOTE AND STEEL-ALKALINE BATTERIES SUPERVISORY CONTROL & MANY OTHER PURPOSES

Made by BRITANNIA BATTERIES LIMITED 46 Victoria Street London, S.W. I A4Q/

DURAWIRES & DURACABLES ARE NOT A WAR EMERGENCY SUBSTITUTE They »re not a substitute at all in the sense in which this irritating word it generally used. DURAWIRES AND DURACABLES have their own OUTSTANDING PROPERTIES and will play their part in building the New World as they arc helping to win the war.

DURATUBE a WIRE LTD. Telephone: FELtham 3332 & 3803 FAGGS ROAD, FELTHAM MIDDSX 5 2 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945

HE forms of control for Street T Lighting are many and varied, but now CENTRALISED CONTROL is generally accepted as essential. Sordoviso Street Lighting Control units embodying the Sordoviso non­ tilting Mercury Switch with its inherent features of non-burning contacts, low energising current, silence in operation and freedom from climatic effects, provide a most efficient remote or automatic control with low installation and main­ tenance costs. If you are contemplating a new scheme or modifications to an exist­ ing one, the advice of our Technical Staff is always available. We should be pleased to forward, on application, our brochure, “ Con­ trolled Street Lighting.” VACTITE W IRE Co., Ltd. SORDOVISO SWITCHGEAR LTD. IS QUEEN ANNE'S GATE, WESTMINSTER, S.W.I Falcon Works, Loughborough Telephone : W HITEHALL 2552 LOUGHBOROUGH 3131 July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 53

TAPPING. A n y re cog­ oyt m ac/unifta nised hand or machine W F l i o l arrangement is suitable THE ENGINEERS MATERIAL. NO N-M ETALUC. LIGHTW EIGHT for tapping holes drilled in the face of Tufnol sheet. Countersinking on either side eliminates the possibility .of “ lifting” . To tap edge of sheet drill slightly oversize and clamp Tufnol in vice or other fixture whilst tapping. Use Tufnol bar in preference to sheet when tapped holes are required on both face and edge. D rill blind holes for tapping slightly oversize to give Further information on Tapping and all machining clearance for the tap and remove all swarf. processes is given in our A little oil on the tap will be beneficial. “ Manual on MachiningTufnol.” TUFNOL LI2 p e r r y 8 a r ft B i r m i n g h a m 220

142

LOOK AFTER YOUR INSULATING OIL The importance of maintaining the full insulating value of oil in circuit-breakers and transformers at all times can hardly be exaggerated.

This desirable result, ensuring freedom from electrical breakdown, can be achieved reliably and conveniently by means o f a portable Stream-Line filte r.

Complete de-hydration, de-aeration and purification in a single passage ! STREAM-LINE FILTERS LTD. Write to-day for details i n g a t e p l a c e , L o n d o n , s .w .s 5 4 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945 HART St o r a g e Ba t t e r ie s FOR

El e c t r ic Li g h t i n g a n d Po w e r Installations

SUPPLIES ARE AVAILABLE ! (bul only against orders supported by Government : Contract Numbers) for all kinds of Masking and BY APPOINTMENT TO H.M. THE KING. Protection & Identification MAKERS OF ACCUMULATORS. of Pipe Lines HART ACCUMULATOR CO. LTD. MARSHGATE LANE. STRATFORD. LONDON. E.15 Telephone : MARyland 1361/3 SAMUEL JONES t CO.LTD. Branches at 18-17 NEW BRIDGE ST.E.C.4. PHONE: CENtral 6 500 Birmingham, Bristol, Cork, Dublin, Glasgow, Manchester Newcastle-on-Tyne * Nottingham and Westminster

U niversal Switches Design Engineers looking for a small compact Switch for test and experimental work in Engineering Departments, Research Laboratories and Production Lines should enquire INSULATED from Pye Ltd., for full details and samples of their Universal Switches. WIRES AND Tens of thousands of these fine-limit switches are on active service on STRIP British Aircraft all over the world. COVERED WITH ENAMEL COTTON SPECIFICATION — Snap Action. Balanced movement. Weight— 2 ozs. approximately. SILK VARNISH GLASS Overall size— 2 " x J " x If Contact rating— 5 a m p s, a t 2 5 0 v. A.C. High Contact pressures. ENAMEL AND PAPER Proof against ordinary vibration. Internal Override Spring incorporated. Sealed against Samples and Prices on Application petrol, oil, dirt, m oisture, etc. Robust case. Short plunger requires depression of .0 20" to MADE BY operate. Long plunger requires depression o f .060" to operate. Numerous switching F. D. SIMS LTD. combinations available. Silver contacts. HAZELHURST WORKS, RAMSBOTTOM, LANCS. PYE LTD ■ RADIO WORKS Telegrams : Telephone : CAMBRIDGE "SIMS, RAMSBOTTOM” RAMSBOTTOM 2213/4 July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w

“ TANGENT ” TELEPHONES are Installed throughout the country In Government and Corporation Departments, Hospitals, Hotels, Cinemas, Offices, Factories, Mines, etc. Although our war-time activities limit their Installation to priority require­ ments, we look forward to the time

© A N G EN © when we can satisfy the demand for them.

"mtco n -

SOUND RGfcL&Li LUM&404J3 CALL SYSTEMS • SYAF-s3 LOCATORS SIGNALS RftE. BURGLAR AND SANK RA39 ALARMS • mEPMONB ¡MT£RPHCN£5 * WATCHMAN*! CLOCKS • 61£CmC V m j l U CLOCKS AND SYNCHRONOUS CLOCKS ‘ STIUKtNO, CW3H?3*G AND TOLUNG HSCHANS3W LIQUID-LEVEL IND4CATVNC, RECORDING AND ALARM APPARATUS IDLE MACHBNtE AND OUT/'UT R£CORO€*5 SPECIAL APPARATUS c GENT 6 CO. LTD. Fared«? W erks. LEICESTER tÖHOOn «*SW£A»Ti.«-®®-TTI»» • «UHiW • MlfMT • «»BUM INSTAL INSULAR1 / C i/ H C f tAicrcuifr ifow oidpujt

Workers cannot be expected to give of their best with poor lighting. Whether in Factory or Office—if the lamp is not the best obtainable—output will fall. Consult the makers of Insular Lamps If you have any lighting problems—we shall be glad to advise you. There Is an Insular Lamp for every Industrial —and domestic—need, exhaustively tested and fully guaranteed B.S.S. INSULAR ELECTRIC LAMP WORKS LTD 40-50 NEW CLE VE LAN D ST RE ET, H U LL Telephone 33836-7 5 6 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945

imvrMm m t # r Sv

% r^v.-vac* i' \ w w m y j p & w

0 For S qu irrel Cage Motors direct-on line

Donovan A.C. Direct-Switching Contactor Starters with Isolator and H.R.C. Fuses are specially suitable for works where machine tools are moved about frequently, or the ring main wiring system is used. Suitable for 3, 2 or I phase supply—from 200 to 550 volts. Let us send you full particulars. DON BARBER & COLMAN LTD. ^ MARSLAND ROAD • BROOKLANDS MANCHESTER • TEL. SALE 2277 (3 LINES)- GRAMS. ‘•■ARCOL" SALE THt DONOVAN ELECTRICAL Cl BIRMINGHAM. 9 A®-,-STEc«o-o 2 2 7 7 IP.

NON-FERROUS SAND CASTINGS In all non-ferrous YEARS m e ta ls PRESSINGS • triONite STAMPINGS • TRIONITE LTD. SPINNINGS CLIFFE VALE, STOKE-ON-TRENT < TELEPHONE 2171-2 For 35 years this Company has been engaged in the production of Pressings, Stampings, Spinnings, Sheet Metal Work, Capstan and Automatic Work for the ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY. WIRE WIRE Fully approved A.I.D. GRIBS 6UARDS RACKS HAHBLES FRAMES BASKETS

BALSALL HEATH WIREWORKS On M.O.S.. Admiralty and M.A.P. Lists ■W M nT»;h..n- BIRMINGHAM 12 Calthorpe 1733 | REGENT PLACE, BIRMINGHAM I July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 57 We have killed one tyranny in Europe. Now we can kill another tyranny in Asia. Then, we can kill hundreds of tyrannies in everyday life — all the little tyrannies that come from pinprick inconveniences, from things being heavy when they could be light, from Now things that rust and corrode when they needn’t. We can kill these and larger economic tyrannies with new we are technical knowledge, derived from new and revolutionary experiences in war­ time production, and aided by all the improvements and advances achieved free by those revolutionary materials — aluminium and its alloys.

We can give you FA CTS about A lum inium

NORTHERN ALUMINIUM COMPANY LTD., . a n . u k v . o x o n Kakensof NORAL Products

M W S HIGH EFFICIEflCY PL IT FQRU0DU5TRIRL R R STflTIOnS A

RICHfiRDSOilS WE5TGRRTH- BROWfl BOVERI LTft HRRTIEPOOL 5 8 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945

McCLORE & WHITFIELD BOOKS from MERSEY DYNAMO WORKS, STOCKPORT PROTECTION Telephone : Telegrams : OF ELECTRIC PLANT (Modern Methods) STOCKPORT 3653 4 " MOTORS, STOCKPORT " By P. F. Stritzl, D.Sc.Tech. (Vienna). Describes MOTORS the latest protective methods and apparatus used in connection with modern large-scale electrical D.C. GENERATORS distribution systems and power plant. 1 8 s . n e t EXPERIMENTAL ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING for COMPRESSORS By E. T. A. Rapson, M.Sc.(Eng.), A.C.G.I., etc. CRANES Covers the experimental work necessary for students intending to take the ordinary and HOISTS higher National Certificates in Electrical Engineering. Fourth Edition. 6 s . n e t PUMPS SHORT WAVE RADIO MACHINE By J. H. Reyner. Recommended to all students TOOLS, of radio engineering as a reliable textbook on modern developments in the use of the short, etc. ultra-short and micro-waves. Fourth Edition. 10s. 6d. net LIGHTING SETS for CATHODE RAY OSCILLOGRAPHS Ships' Auxiliaries. By J. H. Reyner, A.C.G.I., etc. The author’s Anodising and Plating. reputation as a foremost authority on the IV1G. Sets. subject is amply justified by this work. It is an easily understood guide to the practical appli­ cation of Cathode Ray Tubes to numerous London Office : purposes. 8s. 6d. net Fulwood House, Fulwood Place N.B.—Paper rationing means a shortage of books The one you want may be temporarily out of stock. High Holborn, LO N D O N , W.C.I Telephone : Telegram s : Pitman House, Parker Street WMWrW1 MW M JMT H O LB O R N 1594. “ TRIBORD, PH O N E. L O N D O N “ Kingsway, London, W.C.2 W M. W AtMaMIM

Cjrelco TERMINAL BLOCKS quality, black bakelite,Terminal OlRDEX Blocks or Connectors. Used extensively for telephones, telegraphs, radio, bells, signals, . . Looklncj to relays, traffic signals, etc., a, 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 8, 10 and 12 way in Four Types. (jour future Fully illustrated descriptive Folder on application GRELCO Ltd., Grelco Works, Hopcott.Mlnehead,Somerset W e have earned a reputation for taking trouble and for delivering the goods on time, even during the war.

The firm and its equipment are capable of considerable adaptability. W hy not adapt us to your future? Mark your letters for the attention of the Managing Director, who will personally deal with these. BATTERY CHARGERS RECTIFYING EQUIPMENT TRANSFORMERS PRESSWORK G ir d ex {.MACHINING (INDUSTRIES)

GIRDEX ENGINEERING CO. LTD. WILLIAMSON ST, WESTON LANE. TYSELEY, BIRMINGHAM 11 Phone: Acocks Groan 2205 Gram.: GIRDEXPRES WOLVERHAMPTON.

® P M . l ^u ’v ®» 1945 Electric al Re\tew 59

e l e c t r ic

SIZES RANGING FROM UNIVECTAIRS 5 kW TO 100 kW

Bectnc Un.vectairs can now be supplied si m, ar to the steam or hoc water heaters as used for factcry heatmg. They are a useful adjunct where extensions of existing plant cannot be earned out by the usuaJ methods. They can be suppl ed in sizes ranging from 5 kW to 100 kW, suitable for thermostatic control and also electrical ■'teHocking wrtb the fan motor. Further cecaib on application-

BRITISH TRANE Co. Ltd. VeenL'* House. 52 Qerkenwell Close. London. E C . I . TeL: Clerkgxszeil 6S6* S' 3826 -^enÖGs st Belast, Btrm lngh2m, Czrxiiff, Dublin. Qssgcw, Lnrerpoc/, Newcsstfe. Shefftàà snd Torquay

YESTERDAY'S

Standards are

not good enough TO-DAY! PLASTICS MAY HELP TO IMPROVE YOUR PRODUCTS W hy not ask our advice? We rr.ake- Potential users of High Frequency Equipm ent • RADIO SLEEVING should write for particulars of «INSULATING TUBING « SPECIAL TUBING FOR TENAPLAX CONVEYING LIQUID FOOD. ETC « COVERED WIRES AND CABLES Co-axial Cable TENAPLAS LIM ITED PIONEERS IN PLASTICS 7 PARK LANE • LONDON • W.l 6 0 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945

^SYNTHETIC RESIN LAMINATED PAPER ^

TEXOLEX

<3832^ ‘MINOR’ TEST SET FOR INSULATION TESTING You could not have a more reliable or more con­ venient test set than the " Record Minor.” Made with the high “ Record ” precision, this compact unit gives direct and dead accurate readings inde­ pendent of voltage variation. The case is of TU BES. reinforced bakelite, size 5 i " X 3£" X 3|', with clear open scale 5 ,0 0 0 ohms to 2 0 megohms. Weight only 3 lb. Height allows full swing of handle. A free handle is fitted to prevent the SHEETS. generator being turned in the reverse direction. INSULATORS. RECORD ELECTRICAL CO. LTD. BROADHEATH ALTRINCHAM • CHESHIRE Tel.: Altrincham 3221/22. Grams: "Infusion,” Altrincham THE BUSHING CO. LTD. London Office: 28, Victoria Street, S.W.I. HEBBURN-ON-TYNE

AUTOMATIC REPAIRS As a result of extreme pressure of Priority VOLTAGE, A.C. FEEDER work we regret we are unable to accept F. H. P. motors for repair or rewinding until further notice ; which will be notified SPEED AND OTHER to our customers immediately the situation becomes easier. OUR ELECTRIC HEAT­ REGULATORS ING PAD AND BLANKET REPAIR DEPT. WILL STILL MAINTAIN ITS 48 HOUR SERVICE ON ALL MAKES. COX=WALKERS LTD. THERMOELECTRICS LTD. COXPAR DARLINGTON II Copse Hill, Wimbledon, S.W.20

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL

Twin-Cell Cycle Batteries — 6 Months’ Guarantee Mono U.2. Cells ...... — 6 „ „ 1839 Baby 2-Cell — 3 No. 8 Bijou 2-Cell .... — 2 „ „ All Goods Despatched Carriage Paid per Road Transport SEARCHLIGHT BATTERY CO. 44 Worship Street, E.C.2 ' ' The Dalyte Electrical Co., Ltd., West Row, London, W.10 July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 61 E L E C T R O D E BOILERS

Electrode Boilers are more con­ venient, more compact than any other source of steam or hot water supply. The B & A Electrode Steam Boiler can be put alongside the machines employing the steam, under the operator’s control. For Central Heating : The temperature can be regula­ ted within the finest limits. Full heat output is obtained immediately on switching on ; you switch off when heat is no longer required. B & A Electrode Boilers are easily installed, need neither flue nor ventilation, are the cleanest and most hygienic sources of heat. BASTIAN & ALLEN LTD. II BEDFORD SQ., W.C.I 62 Robertson Street, Glasgow, C.2 WITH CONTINUOUS-BALANCE PRINCIPLE

The Brown electronic potentio- metric pyrometer is a self-balancing REGISTERED ■ j| V TRADE-MARK instrument for indicating, recording PHASE-SHIFTING TRANSFORMER or controlling temperatures. It employs a conventional null- balance potentiometer-type measur­ 3-PHASE ing circuit, but its re-balancing 600 VA system is in continuous balance, and vibration has no effect on its simple and robust mechanism.

In fact, it brings to industry an advanced and practical application of electronics.

These instruments are not immedi­ ately available, but their advantages are well worth noting for the time, perhaps in the very near future, Particulars when we hope to be able to offer on request them. The ZENITH ELECTRIC CO. Ltd. Sol, Makers ot the well-known “ Zenith ” Electrical Products Zenith Works, w Villiers Road, Willesden Green, London, N.W.2 phnn. . Grams : W ll I..H°n 4087-6-9 “ Voltaohm. Phone. London " E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945

SPECIALISTS IN RUBBER RESEARCH

A.C. D.C. UNIVERSAL “FRACMO” FRACTIONAL H.P. MOTORS For Every Purpose MOULDED RUBBER PARTS For the present we can deal only Delivery of urgent priority with enquiries for permitted essential Moulded Rubbers and orders as follows :— look ahead and prepare for . I 150th— I 30th h.p. 5-6 weeks the future restoration of [the complete “ DAINITE ” Service I 20th— 1,8th h.p. 6-7 weeks 6-250 volts FRAaiOHAl H.P. MOTORS LTD. ROOKERY WAY, HENDON, N.W.9 COLINDALE 8022-3 THE HARBORO’ RUBBER CO. Ltd, MARKET HARBOROUGH

Make Contact with S C R E E N I N G & PROTECTION O F C A B L E S

C0NTACTUM W IT H ^ 'PRANA" Sw it c h e s WOVEN WIRE ARMOURING FLEXIBLE OURA8LE ECONOMICAL S w i t c h P l u g s Write Jor booklet to Dept. 52 SPARKLETS LIMITED % LONDON. N.I8 C e il in g S w it c h e s T '**4 m Iiiik iu

B e l l P u s h e s

S o c k e t s A POWERFUL, ROBUST, SELF- UE SUSTAINING W INCH P l u g s Snullal »»11 «a l, or front dririnL nine iMcinl «to»

M u l t i p l u g s ,

ETC.

CONTACTUM LTD. Phone: Uplands 4 8 7 1 ¡ 2 VICTORIA WORKS, EDGWARE ROAD I f t N ÿ o r J E l ê ç j r j c FiREt.QigYDOiL CRICKLEWOOD, LONDON, N.W.2 RATCHETS, PAWLS, SPRINGS NO ______OR GEAR WHEELS July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a i R e v ie w 6 3

QUflLITV C3 KD fiCCURflCV

ALUMINIUM DIECASTINGS OR COMPLETE ASSEMBLIES

A DEPARTMENT OF PERRY BARR METAL COMPANY LTD LIGHT ALLOY FOUNDERS AND ENGINEERS BIRMINGHAM

DIECASTINGS ARE AVAILABLE AS COM­ Available for essential requirements only PLETE PARTS ACCURATELY MACHINED TO DRAWING SIZES — OR AS GRAVITY PROCESS HIGH QUALITY DIECASTINGS.

HEAT TREATMENT, RADIOLOGY. DECORAT­ IVE FINISHING AND ASSEMBLY ARE ALL WITHIN THE COMPANY’S SERVICES.

À LARGE WAR-TIME OUTPUT OF COM­ PLETELY FINISHED CASTINGS OR ASSEMBLIES HAS SATISFIED THE MOST EXACTING A.I.D. REQUIREMENTS OF MANY AIRCRAFT FIRMS. SIMILAR P.B.M. QUALITY IS NOW AVAILABLE FOR POST-WAR NEEDS IN ALL BRANCHES OF THE ENGINEERING INDUSTRY

TECHNICAL INFORMATION ON SPECIFIC PROBLEMS INVOLVING ALUMINIUM DIE­ CASTINGS, DIFFICULT MACHINING OR ASSEMBLY REQUIREMENTS WILL BE PROV­ IDED ON APPLPCATION TO ANY OF OUR WORKS.

PERRV BURR RlETflL COfllPIMV. Engineering Works : Middlemore Rd., Handsworth Wellhead Lane, Perry Barr Birmingham 21 Birmingham 22B Telephone: NORthern 3366-7 Telephone: BIRchfields 4592-3

Laboratories : Oscott Works, Shady Lane EARLE BOURNE iC 9 UP Great Barr, Birmingham 22A Telephone: GREat B»rr 1794-5 6 4 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w July 6,' 1945

SAVE R U B B ER -u se

Stocks available at all Crompton Depots

Full particulars from : CROMPTON PARKINSON LIMITED, ELECTRA HOUSE, VICTORIA EMBANKMENT, LONDON, W .C.2, or Branches July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 6 5

T e s t i n g

INSULATION TEST— There is a wide margin of safety built into all W ylex electrical accessories. Every W ylex product before leaving our works must satisfy a high insulation test at 1,000 volts. Another reason why

¿V iflexm ustbeqw d

GEORGE H. SCHOLES & CO. LTD. WYLEX WORKS, WYTHENSHAWE, MANCHESTER. Te!: Wythenshawe 2251/2. Grams: “ Kilowatt,” Manchester.

RELAYS FOR TRAM i TROLLEY WORK FOR CABLE CONSTRUCTION £ REPAIR • FOR USE IN CHEMICAL FACTORIES

STANDARD RELAYS SPECIAL RELAYS

TIME DELAY RELAYS LIMIT SWITCHES

MERCURY SWITCH CONTACTORS

LABORATORY APPARATUS

CONTROL EQUIPMENT TO P & B Insulating Tape retains CUSTOMERS’ REQUIREMENTS Its adhesiveness and offers permanent resistance to mechanical damage. It Is proof against water and the fumes • PeB of acids and alkalis. Supplied In INSULATING rolls from width upwards. As our industry is controlled our ability to execute orders is HENDREY RELAYS Ltd. subject to the regulations im­ BOU RN E END, BUCKS. Tel. 327. TAPE posed by the M inistry of Works. O N ADMIRALTY LIST. THE RUBEROID CO. LTD. 92 Commonwealth House, New OxJord Street, W.C. I 6 6 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945

We make Trans­ formers of many ty p e s u p to 10 k V A for Industrial pur­ poses. Supplied to all branches of the Services and built and tested under c o n d itio n s a s g ru e l- ling as those pre­ vailing in opera­ SPIRALS tional areas, they represent the last MICA-ELEMENTS word in reliability.

Send us your enqui­ ries ; we may be able to help YOU. You can rely on Woden Eq uipm ent.

The ELECTRIC ELEMENTS Co.) NOTTINGHAM.

MEK-ELEK Engineering Ltd. IT Western Road, Mitcham, Surrey

ALUMINIUM ALLOY-v-CAST IRON Aluminium Die Castings cut out machining and give a better and cheaper article MAYBREY'S SPECIALISE IN : HIGH GRADE SAND AND GRAVITY DIE CASTINGS IN LIGHT ALLOYS PATTERN AND DIE MAKING X-RAY AND MECHANICAL TESTING H. J . MAYBREY & CO. LTD. ALUMINIUM ALLOY FOUNDERS A.I.D. APPROVED AIR MINISTRY. MINISTRY OF SUPPLY AND ADMIRALTY CONTRACTS WORSLEY BRIDGE ROAD, LONDON, S.E.26 PLOIN f^ENOMELLED H. C. COPPER 5TRRND5 BECKENHAM 0044 July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w G7

THE D EFEAT OF THE MAGNETIC MINE

Assembling buoyant centres and electrode tails for Buoyant Cables in the HENLEY factories

Hitler’s first “ secret" weapon, the Magnetic Mine, was conquered by the gallant minesweepers of the Royal Navy using Buoyant Cables. A completely successful design was produced by Henley’s in record time, and we have supplied many hundreds of complete sets, involving over 1,000,000 yards of cable. This is yet another major victory of the war in which a leading part was played by Henley’s. HENLEY (¿ABLES

W T HENLEY’S TELEGRAPH WORKS CO. LTD. rm iR T • WESTCOTT • DORKING • SURREY m o /he: dopking 324/ (io lin e s ) MILTON COURT ______TELEGRAMS,: henletel, OOPk in g 6 8 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w July 6, 1 9 4 5

at the service of the E m p ir e

Industrial electrification schemes have required vast num­ G.E.C. Electrification bers of G.E.C. motors of all sizes—standard types, motors Schemes have been for individual requirements, and some of the largest applied to all industries, including: Aircraft motors in use for driving rolling mills and winding engines. Factories ; Chem ical G.E.C. experience and resources were invaluable to the W orks; Collieries ; Food Nation when a swift expansion of industrial electrification Factories ; Gold Mines ; became imperative and vital issues rested upon Britain’s Iron, Steel and Copper ability to produce munitions and supplies in ever-growing W orks ; Locomotive and Railway Carriage and abundance. During these years when the entire resources of Wagon Works ; Motor the G.E.C. have been devoted to the war effort the Company Car Works ; Ships and has made important advances in all applications of elec­ Shipyards; Textile tricity, including electronics, which will be available to all Mills, etc., etc. concerned with electrification schemes for reconstruction.

aàwufs iAe joteficnł of deduced jjicÿieK

THE GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. LTD., MAGNET HOUSE, KINGSWAY, LONDON, W.C.2 July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 69 Cable R acks & H angers F n g in e s &F l e c t r ic s Itd. SUDS PUMPS Used on British and American Machine Tools, either submersible or flanged design. T y p e s :— E E .l, 2 , a n d 4. Capacity :—From 7 to 38 galls, p e r m in .a t 6-ft. h ead .

Submersible Flanged

AUTOMATIC m SUMP PUMP

T o deal with M otor is in accord­ flooding in base- ance with B.S.S. ments, boiler 170/1939 and rated houses,cable to ensure continu­ trenches, etc. ous and reliable serv ice.

Installation : Is extremely simple. Only necessary to connect pump to delivery pipe, plug motor to nearest socket.

SEND FOR LIST OF STANDARDISED SIZES ENGINES & ELECTRICS THE ELECTRIC DEPOT LTD., PRITCHETT ST., 3, ST. JAMES SQUARE • LOUDON • SW1

ROVED r s r T “ PRODUCTS TIME * * Reg. Design 9 No 337744/5 SWITCHES Paient No 545772

W e can supply certain CONTRACTS FOR HOME MARKET' & ENQUIRIES FOR EXPORT INVITED models from stock for Retailers please apply to their Wholesalers priority purposes only. MANUFACTURERS, .B LT D -SINGER ST CHAMBERS The HORSTMANN GEAR CO. LTD. C L E V W GT. EASTERN STREET. E.C.2 Albion Works, BATH Telephone : CLERKENWELL 7 7 4 4 - 5

IT 7 0 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945

l e l l « LI. sWE

'sdas ta ik wo, nuHt !> ^Cotmdl do i ¿y talk.

new era of brightness in the home, office and • aaafuta factory! Brightness, ûJjüu-VûLT cheerfulness, cleanli­ ÎEUPBii.' BOłfl ness, fresh air, good SCffilSTIi health and good i ighting sdoim * ’•Í H 1 are the order of theday. aoj Btuii Good lighting is a tonic ■(ni i i U -especially witbOsram!

fKBESS lantera t&de! n

'llitettt Stel Li

Advt. of Th« General Electric Co. Ltd., Mejnet Houw, Kinpwey, London, ŸV C.J WaRs Dyne 1 "7 0 July 6, 1 945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 71 -CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS' Fn(W RTISEM EN TS for insertion in the following REPLIES TO advertisements published under a v«n y s issue are accepted up to First Post on Box Number if not to be delivered to any particular S E i at Dorset House, Stamford Street, London, firm or individual should be accompanied by instruc­ tions to this effect, addressed to the Manager of the TH E CHARGE for advertisements in this section ELECTRICAL REVIEW . Letters of applicants in ¿1- per line (approx. 8 words) per insertion, such cases cannot be returned to them. The name minimum 2 lines 4/-, or for display advertisements of an advertiser using a Box Number will not be th with a minimum of one inch. Where disclosed. All replies to Box Numbers should be 22—rtisement includes a Box Number there is addressed to the Box Number in the advertisement, 5 8 4 5 ^ » cfaarge of 6d. for postage of replies. c/o ELECTRICAL REVIEW , Dorset House, Stam­ h ONS WANTED. — Three insertions ford Street, London, S.E.l. Cheques and Postal under this heading can be obtained for the price of Orders should be made payable to ELECTRICAL two if ordered and prepaid with the first insertion. REVIEW LTD. and crossed. Original testimonials should not be sent with applications for employment.

OFFICIAL NOTICES, COUNTY BOROUGH OF Bl RiKEN HEAD TENDERS, ETC. Electricity Department

LITTLEBOROUGH URBAN DISTRICT COUNCIL fJTENDERS are invited for the supply and delivery of: 1 300-kVA. 6.600/425-volt Outdoor Type Transformer. Electricity Department 1 500-kVA. 6.600/425-volt Indoor Type Transformer. 1 500-kVA, 10.600/420-volt Indoor Type Transformer. rpH E above Council invite tenders for the supply and delivery of the following : — Specification, conditions and form of tender may be obtained from the 'Borough Electrical Engineer. Craven One E.H.T. RING MAIN UNIT. 11.000 volts. Street. Birkenhead. L.T. SWITCHGEAR. Tenders, on the form provided, enclosed in a plain Specifications and form of tender may be obtained on envelope (which shall not bear any name or mark indi­ application to Mr. G. Hill. Electrical Engineer and cating the sender), sealed and endorsed “ Tender for Manager. Council Offices. Littleborough. Transformers—Electricity Department.” must be delivered to the undersigned not later than 2 p.m. on Monday, the No tender will be received except in a plain sealed 16th of July. 1945. envelope endorsed “ Tender for Switchgear.” It must Tenders which do not comply with these instructions not bear any name or mark indicating the sender. will not be considered. Tenders on the prescribed form, sealed and endorsed The Corporation does not bind itself to accept the lowest as above, must be delivered to the undersigned not later than Monday. 23rd July. 1945. or any tender. E . W. TAM E. The Council do not bind themselves to accept the lowest or any tender. Town Hall, Birkenhead. Town Clerk. R. C. CLOUGH. 22nd June. 1945. 2256 Council Offices. Clerk of the Council. Littleborough. Lancs. 5th July. 1945. 2257 SITUATIONS VACANT None o1 the vacancies for women advertised in these C IT Y OF M ANCHESTER columns relates to a woman between 18 and 40 unless such woman (a) has living with her a child of hers under the age of 14. or (6) is registered under the Blind Persons Aqts. npHE Electricity Committee invites tenders for the or (c) has a Ministry of Labour permit to allow her to manufacture, testing, delivery on site and laying obtain employment by individual effort. complete o f : — LONDON COUNTY COUNCIL 33.000-VOLT AND AUXILIARY PILOT AND TELEPHONE CABLES BETWEEN BARTON T7TSITING Teachers will be required during the session GENERATING STATION AND BENCH ILL ▼ commencing in September. 1945, for evening or part- SUBSTATION (Specification No. 833). time day classes in the following subjects, at the School of Engineering and Navigation. Poplar High St.. E.14 : Specification, etc.. may be obtained on application to Mr. R. A. S. Thwaites. Chief Engineer and Manager. Electrical Engineering. SI, S2 and S3, and Laboratory. Electricity Department. Town Hall. Manchester. 2, on Elec. Welding. City and Guilds Certificate. payment of a fee of one guinea, which amount will be Institutional Maintenance Engineering. refunded on receipt of a bona fide tender. Electrical Installation Work. City and Guilds “ B ” Tenders, addressed to the Chairman of the Electricity Certificate. Committee, to be delivered not later than 10 o’clock a.m. Forms of application obtainable from the Principal at on Friday. 20th July. 1945. the School (stamped addressed envelope must be sent). PHILIP B. DINGLE. Fees, for a teaching period of 2 to 2 \ hours. 16s. or 22s. Town Hall. Town Clerk. according to subject, plus war allowance of 2s. 6d. a day. Fees include payment for any duties required beyond the Manchester. 2. 28th June, 1945. 22/0 teaching period. 2258

BOROUGH OF W ILLE S D E N WATSON & SONS (ELE C TR O -M E D IC A L) L IM IT E D

Electricity Department PPLICATIONS are invited for senior appointments on rpENDERS are invited for supplying Columns and A our sales staff after the present M.O.L. restrictions _ L t anterns for Street Lighting. Specifications and forms have been removed. For those possessing initiative, a nf tpnder may be obtained from the Borough Electrical good personality and knowledge of X-ray equipment there Fnoineer and Manager. Electric House. 296. Willesden are exceptional opportunities. lane N W 2, and must be returned to the undersigned Write in confidence in the first instance, giving details not later'than 5 p.m. on Monday. 16th July. 1945. endorsed of experience and age. Interviews will be arranged later ‘ Street Lighting- in London. W. T. PIRIE, Town Clerk. WATSON & SONS (ELECTRO-MEDICAL) LIMITED. T°gyn?Road. Kjlburn. N.W.6. Temporary Head Office: 76, Castle Street. Reading. 27th June. IMS. 2298 2263 7 2 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945

COUNTY BOROUGH OF ST. HELENS BOROUGH OF GRAVESEND ELECTRICITY DEPT.

Electricity Department Senior Electrical Draughtsman

Appointment of Senior Demonstrator A PPLICATIONS are invited from men released from the Forces and Merchant Navy (under Class "A " PPLICATIONS are invited for the above appointment arrangements) during their period of paid leave, or men A at a salary in accordance Vith the Lancashire and over 51, for the above position in the Electricity Depart­ Cheshire Provincial Council Scale P.T.A., Grade B. ment at a salary in accordance with Class F, Grade 8a. (Female), £‘214 per annum, rising by annual increments of of the N .J.B. Schedule, commencing at £371 per annum £11 to £236 per annum, plus war bonus which is at present and rising to £386 per annum. £48 2s. per annum. The appointment will be subject to the provisions of Candidates must have had a good general education and the Local Government Superannuation Act, 1937. and hold a recognised Diploma in Domestic Science and Elec­ the person appointed will be required to pass a medical trical Housecraft and possess a thorough knowledge of the examination. use of electrical domestic appliances. They must be com­ Candidates should have had a good practical training petent to conduct lecture demonstrations both in the and also theoretical training up to Ordinary National Showrooms and on consumers’ premises and to advise Certificate in Electrical Engineering or higher, and have consumers on the selection and use of electrical apparatus. had sound experience, employing modern methods, in all Experience of large-scale industrial Canteen Work and branches of the drawing office work of an Electricity School Feeding will be an advantage. Undertaking with a generating station and extensive The appointment will be subject to the provisions of the distribution system. Local Governmerit Superannuation Act. 1937, and the Applications, stating age, whether married, practical successful candidate will be required to pass a medical and theoretical training, experience and previous appoint­ examination. ments held, should be forwarded to the Borough Elec­ Applications, accompanied by copies of not more than trical Engineer and Manager. Electricity Department. three testimonials, must be made on the form obtainable Harmer Street. Gravesend, not later than July, 20th. from the undersigned and be received by him not later H. H. BROWN. than July 23rd, 1945, in an envelope endorsed “ Senior 4, Woodville Terrace, Town Clerk. Demonstrator." Gravesend. 2259 P. BREGAZZI. Electricity Works, Borough Electrical Engineer. Carlton Street. St. Helens, NORTH OF SCOTLAND HYDRO-ELECTRIC BOARD Lancs. 2272 Assistant Commercial Engineer

COUNTY BOROUGH OF CROYDON PPLICATIONS are invited by the Board for the post A of Assistant Commercial Engineer. Applicants must Electricity Department have a good all-round experience on the commercial side of an electricity undertaking, operating preferably in a rural area and also giving supplies in bulk to other undertakings. Control Engineer Ability to carry out the technical and commercial in­ vestigations and calculations required by the Electricity A PPLICATIONS are invited for the appointment of (Supply) Act, 1926, and the Hydro-Electric Development Control Engineer from candidates who have taken (Scotland) Act. 1943, is essential. a recognised Course in technical training and are ex­ Salary £750/£1,000 per annum, according to qualifica­ perienced in the operation of the Control Room of a large tions and experience. The successful candidate will be Power Station. required to join the Board’s superannuation fund after The salary will be in accordance with Grade 9a. Class H, satisfactory medical examination. of the National Joint Board Schedule, at present £367 per Applications, stating age, qualifications and experience. , annum, and is subject to deductions under the Local to be sent to the Secretary, 16. Rothesay Terrace. Edin­ Government Superannuation Act, 1937. burgh, 3, not later than Monday, 23rd July, 1945. The selected candidate will require to pass a medical The Ministry of Labour and National Service, A.9.D.. examination and to reside within the Borough. have given permission under the Control of Engagement Applications, giving full particulars of age, training and Order, 1945, for the advertisement of this vacancy. experience, and accompanied by copies of recent testi­ monials, should be sent to me endorsed "Control Engineer," T. LAW RIE, Secretary. • not later than noon on Monday, 16th July, 1945. ______2264 The Ministry of Labour and National Service have given permission under the Control of Engagement Order, LIVERPOOL EDUCATION COMMITTEE 1945, for the advertisement of this vacancy. E. TABERNER, City Technical College, Byrom Street, Liverpool, 3 Town Hall, Town Clerk. (Principal: R. R. Butler) Croydon. 2287 HHHE Committee invite applications for the appointment of a LECTURER (full-time) in the Department of COUNTY BOROUGH OF GREAT YARMOUTH Electrical Engineering in the above College. Candidates should possess Graduate Qualifications in Electricity Supply Department Electrical Engineering and Corporate Membership of the Institution of Electrical Engineers. Industrial and teach ing experience is desirable. Demobilised members of Appointment of Deputy Borough Electrical Engineer H.M. Forces are invited to make application. Salary will be in accordance with the Burnham Tech­ PPLICATIONS are invited from Chartered Electrical nical Award, and will be subject to 5% contribution under A Engineers for the position of DEPUTY BOROUGH the Teachers’ Superannuation Acts. ELECTRICAL ENGINEER to the Great Yarmouth Forms of application and conditions of appointment Corporation. Salary in accordance with the N .J.B1. Scale. may be obtained (on receipt of a stamped addressed Class G, Grade 1 (commencing at £771 per annum). envelope) from the Director of Education, 14. Sir Thomas Candidates must have been engaged on Electricity Street, Liverpool, 1, and applications should be received Supply for an extended period, and have had practical by him not later than 18th July, 1945. experience in the Generation and Distribution of Elec­ W. H. BARNES. Town Clerk. tricity in both Town and Rural Areas. , Clerk to the Local Education Committee. Applications, on forms to be obtained from the under­ ______2252 signed, must be returned by Monday, 16th July, 1945. Canvassing members of the Council directly or indirectly PPLICATIONS are invited for the position of Testing will disqualify a candidate. The Ministry of Labour and National Service have A Superintendent by a well-known firm of manufac­ given permission under the Control of Engagements Order, turers in the South-West London district. Salary £450- 1945, for the advertising of this vacancy. £550 per annum. Applicants must have first-class ex­ perience in A.C. watt-hour meter testing, together with FARRA CONWAY. knowledge of small switchgear and instrument work. Town Hall, Town Clerk. Write for appointment, stating age, experience, etc., to— Great Yarmouth. 2224 Box 2178, c/o The Electrical Review. July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 7 3

DUNDEE TECHNICAL COLLEGE NVOICE and Order Clerks required. Excellent pros­ I pects. permanent positions. Male, under 18 or over ‘ Assistant Lecturer is required in the Electrical 51. Female, under 18 or over 41.—Young & Wildsmith pionfr; nf ,r^ ering Apartment to tearh junior classes in Ltd.. Wholesale Electrical Engineers. 35. Little Russell Enginering and in Radio Work. Candidates Street. New Oxford Street. W.C.l. 2286 tm aP°ss?s51 a good degree, or equivalent qualification, TUNIOR Estimating Engineer. Class "A " man, required in Jiuectrical Engineering; they should have had industrial for London sales office. Applicants should be con­ experience and. while teaching experience would be an versant with A.C. and D.C. motors, control gear and advantage it is not essential. The existing salary scale, Ventilating fans. Write, stating age and experience to— which is under review, is £300-£15-£400 with addition of Box 2281, c/o The Electrical Review. War Bonus of £60 and placing according to experience. I ONDON manufacturer of electrical accessories wishes Applications, on the official form, with copies of not more to appoint Designer-Draughtsmen, over 51 years of than three recent testimonials, should be lodged not later age or outside present engagement restrictions only. than 16th July, 1945. with the Clerk and Treasurer. Positions offered have good prospects and will carry good Technical College. Bell Street. Dundee, from whom forms salaries. Please give age, experience and salary required. and particulars may be had. 2273 —Box 2199, c/o The Electrical Review. j\ f .K. Electric Ltd. invite applications for vacancies for A SSISTANT Designer with previous experience (over 51 Designer-Draughtsmen, over 51 years of age or out­ or outside present Engagement Restrictions) required side present engagement restrictions only. Applicants for Electric Motor Manufacturers. State age. Permanent should have had previous experience in design and develop­ progressive position. Applications welcomed from men ment of electrical accessories. Please write, giving age, shortly due for demobilisation. Apply—Higgs Motors experience and salary required, to—M.K. Electric Ltd.. Limited. Witton. Birmingham. 6. 2292 Wakefield Street, Edmonton. N.18. 2198 ASSISTANT-to General Manager required by firm /"OVERSEAS Employment. First-class Motoi; Mechanics, specialising in Electrical Repairs and Maintenance. ^ age not over 45 years, are required for Ceylon. Applicants should have held executive position and have Candidates should preferably have served an apprentice­ practical experience in works administration, factory costs, ship. or equivalent, with a reputable firm of M /T vehicle etc.. and be familiar with the design and construction of makers, repairers or general engineers, and they must have electrical machines. Knowledge of winding an advantage. had not less than three years’ experience in repair shops Age not over 45. The successful applicant would he in the overhaul of engines and other units comprising the required to pass a medical examination and to become a chassis of various makes of cars and light and heavy goods member of the Staff and Widows' Pension Scheme.—Box vehicles. They must also be good drivers and prepared G.1718. W. H. Smith & Son Ltd.. Manchester, 3. 2282 to undergo a driving test. Experience with compression /CATHODE Ray Tube Engineer required. University ignition engines and a good practical knowledge of the trained, with at least 10 years’ experience of cathode electrical equipment of M /T vehicles is essential. Appoint­ ray tube development and manufacture. Must possess ment for 2 years. Free passage, outfit gratuity. Wages, initiative to follow a new type through to the shop and en­ including overtime and allowances, will approximate from sure economical manufacture. Applications from Class "A ” £10 to £15 per Week according to whether single or married. ex-service men only. Write in confidence to—Box 7340. Exemption from Imperial Income Tax. Written applica­ A.K. Advg., 212a, Shaftesbury Ave., London. W.C.2. 2201 tions (no interviews) giving the following essential details: pEN TRAL Electricity Board. S.W.E. and S.W. Area, (1) Full name; (2) Date of birth; (3) National Service ^ Bristol. Assistant Control Engineer. Applications registration number and local office shown on registration are invited for the position of Assistant Control Engineer. card N .S .2; (4) Medical grade, if known; (5) If discharged Grid House. Bristol. Candidates not exceeding 35 years from the Forces, particulars of Service number, rank, of age with some knowledge of power station work and unit and reasons for discharge; (6) Industrial training and technical qualifications at least of graduate I.E.E. experience; (7) Name and address of present employers; standard are preferred. Applications to the Manager, (8) Details of present work, should be sent to the Secretary. C.E.B., Grid House. 26. Oakfleld Road, Clifton. Bristol. 8. Overseas Manpower Committee (Ref. 3516). Ministry of 2291 Labour and National Service. York House. Kingsway. plH IEF Draughtsman required (over 51. or Class "A ” London. W.C.2. Applications cannot be acknowledged. 2289 ^ ex-service men only) by well-known electrical and ADIO Valve Engineer required, university trained, radio instrument manufacturer. Previous experience R with at least 10 years’ experience of valve develop essential. Good prospects. Write, stating age and full ment and manufacture. Must possess initiative to follow particulars to—Box 2212, c/o The Electrical Review. a new type through to the shop and ensure economical IESEL Engine Estimator required by old-established manufacture. Applications from Class ’’A" ex-service D engineering company in East Midlands. Experience men only. Write in confidence to—Box 7339, A.K. Advg.. in preparing tenders and handling contracts for marine 212a, Shaftesbury Avenue. London. W.C.2. 2200 generating sets, marine propulsion units, and engines for ALES Manager required by medium-sized company in industrial applications. Knowledge of D.C. and A.C. S London area manufacturing special electric motors, equipment and of export business would be an advantage. generators and allied equipment. Sound technical know­ Permanent position with good prospects as assistant to ledge essential. Progressive post for man with good Diesel sales manager. Staff pension scheme is in force. personality, initiative and energy. Apply, giving age and Salary according to age. ability and experience. Apply, full particulars and salary required, to—Box 2261, c/o giving particulars of education, experience, age and The Electrical Review. present position, and state when likely to be available. HHRANSFORMERS. Works Manager required for N.W. Address—Box 2296. c/o The Electrical Review. J- London. Must be fully experienced in manufacture OMESTIC Electric Appliances. Cooking and Heating of transformers of all types up to 500 kVA and capable D Apparatus. Production Manager required for small of managing labour. Salary £750. plus commission on but progressive works in Midlands. Excellent prospects. profits. Full particulars of age. experience, etc., to - Full particulars to—Box 2196, c/o The Electrical Review. Box 2223. c/o The Electrical Review. "E^LECTRICIAN required by Electrical Contractors 'YTTORKS Manager required by small firm in Midlands. (Central London). Permanency to suitable man. »» employing 100/150 work people. Must have ex­ Applicant must be over 51. Apply—Box 2192, c/o The perience in manufacture of transformers and rectifying Electrical Review. equipment. Sound managerial qualifications essential. LECTRIC Lamp Works (non-combine) require the Excellent salary and prospects for right man. Apply in E services of a Technical Manager capable of taking confidence, giving full details of qualifications and salary complete charge of production of all types of standard required, to—Managing Director, c/o Enoch Cox & Co.. lamps. Commencement of service can be arranged. Our Berrington Chambers. Tettenhall Road. Wolverhampton. staff know of this vacancy. Apply in strictest confidence, 2243 giving full details of previous experience, etc.. to—Box \\7'ELL-known Electrical Engineering Company have 7272. c/o The Electrical Review. * * vacancies for suitable lads, under 18 years of age, [EXPERIENCED and reliable Sales Manager required with matriculation or general school certificate, for -t-J by manufacturers and stockists of all electrical in­ apprenticeship in the above industry. Good rates of pay sulating materials, including panels, blocks, strips, punch- and living accommodation provided.—Box 2245. c/o The ings. etc.. in laminated sheets, vulcanised fibre, ebonite, Electrical Review. etc.’ Buying and estimating experience an advantage. Apply, giving full details of experience, salary required, etc to Willmott. Son & Phillips Ltd.. 52a. Blackstock Rd.. SITUATIONS WANTED Finsbury Park. N.4. Interview by appointment. 2255 CCOUNTANT (36), 20 years’ varied and extensive AN manufacturers require Junior Estimator, under 18 A practical experience with eminent London chartered F or from Class "A” men only. Able to estimate for accountants (final figures, taxation, secretarial duties, A C and D.C. motors and preferably some knowledge of costings, etc.). desires responsible Secretary-Accountant ventilation Apply, stating age. experience and salary position with commercial firm.--Box 7269. c/o The Elec­ ieiuir^d to-B ox 2290. c/o The Electrical Review. trical Review. 7 4 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945

first-class Maintenance Electrician. 25 years’ experi­ K ILLE D Draughtsman requires change, release A ence of the erection and maintenance of all types S promised, age 35. 15 years’ exp. covering radio, elect, of factory installations. Used to handling labour. insts., small mechanisms and general engg.—Box 7239. Southern Counties preferred.—Box 7268, c/o The Elec­ c/o The Electrical Review. trical Review. SUPERVISING and Estimating Engineer seeks to im- DVERTISER (50). experienced all branches, sales- prove position. Adaptable, C. & G. Final. Used to A office organisation, many years administrative posi­ all classes and big industrial installations. Excellent refs. tion. methodical and efficient controller, seeks change.— Min. sal. £550.—Box 7281. c/o The Electrical Review. Box 7256. c/o The Electrical Review. OUNG Electrical Engineer (21), apprenticeship. Higher ISTRIBUTION Mechanician, overhead lines, cables Y National Cert., Stud. I.E.E.. good draughtsman, con­ D (33-kV jointer), switchgear. protective gear, etc.. versant with H.T. and L.T. switchgear. layout and design seeks working administrative position, home or abroad. 20 rotary and static substations, heating, lighting, willing to years’ experience.—Box 7267, c/o The Electrrical Review. learn, desires interesting post, preferably design.—Box LECTRICAL Engineer, exempt, H.N.C., 5 yrs. works. 7213. c/o The Electrical Review. E 1 yr. admin., desires position Technical or Sales Repre­ sentative Midlands.—Box 7237, c/o The Electrical Review. LECTRICAL Engineer, trained technically and prac­ FOR SALE______E tically. thirty years’ experience in installation work, industrial and residential power and lighting, fourteen Traders buying and selling hereunder must observe the years with public supply authority, inspecting and testing Restriction of Resale Order. S. R. & O. 1942 No. 958. and S. and D. used to estimates, costing and accounts. South or South-west districts preferred. Could manage technical side and office for electrical contractors.—Box OQA-h.p. PETTER VERTICAL 4-CYLINDER 7258. c/o The Electrical Review. "O U ‘ ATOMIC” DIESEL ENGINE, new 1934. LECTRICAL Engineer, twenty-two years’ experience No. 220497. 300 r.p.m.. complete with bedplate, outer E of cable manufacture, including testing at works and bearing and pulley, starting Compressor, with Engine and on site, also fault location, and the installation of under­ Air Bottle, Cooling Tanks and Streamline Filter. First- ground mains and overhead lines, requires progressive class condition. post.—Box 7222, c/o The Electrical Review. 120-h.p. RUSTON & HORNSBY VERTICAL TWIN LECTRICAL Engineer (24). student I.E.E. up to B.Sc. CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE. No. B.222. 333 r.p.m.. E standard, experience in design, manufacture and testing complete as above, first-class condition. of electric motors, also knowledge of French and German, 60-h.p. DAVEY PAXMAN VERTICAL TWIN- seeks change of post providing scope for initiative and CYLINDER SPRING INJECTION DIESEL ENGINE. organising ability.—Box 7274. c/o The Electrical Review. No. 23477. new 1933, 370 r.p.m.. complete with bedplate, LECTRICAL Supervision. Energetic man (30). re­ electric type flywheel. Tanks, Compressor, etc.; 41-kVA E quires position. Installation, maintenance or inspec­ CROMPTON PARKINSON Alternator. 365 volts. 3- tion. Factory and contracting experience. Good organiser. phase. 50 cycles, available for this machine. —Box 7219, c/o The Electrical Review. 45-h.p. PETTER VERTICAL SINGLE-CYLINDER NERGETIC Sales Engineer invites representation or “ATOMIC” DIESEL ENGINE, new 1933. 375 r.p.m.. E agencies. First-class connection, all branches. Mid­ complete with Tanks, Flywheel. Bedplate. Starting Bottle, lands and North, own car.—Box 7208, c/o The Electrical etc., overhauled and ready for despatch; 29-kWT. 460/230- Review . volt D.C. Generator available for this Engine. NGINEER. Mechanical and Electrical, desires position 37£/42-h.p. CRO SSLEY VERTICAL SINGLE­ E as Works Manager with reputable firm engaged on CYLINDER ENCLOSED ” COM PRESSORLESS ” instruments, radio, clocks, communications ox F.H.P. DIESEL ENGINE. No. 103235. new 1935. 500 r.p.m.. motors. Advertiser experienced in modern methods and complete with Tanks, Filter, Shaft Extension. Pulley and machine tools, also planning, estimating, time study, rate Bearing. Air Bottle, etc.. overhauled and ready for fixing, tool design and work layout, small or large quan­ tities; 15 years administrative includes works and produc­ 22-h.p. BLACKSTONE HORIZONTAL SINGLE­ tion manager. Age over 40. Any firm desiring to go CYLINDER SPRING INJECTION DIESEL ENGINE. straight ahead with its peace-time programme on common- No. O.P. 23505, Type OP. new 1942. speed 600 r.p.m.. sense lines and prepared to pay a minimum salary of complete with water-cooling Tanks. Service Tank. Filter. £1.000 please communicate with—Box 7277, c/o The Shaft Extension and Belt Pulley; 220-volt D.C. Generator. Electrical Review. Battery and Switchboard available. T^XPERIENCED in production, design of power units. electronics. 4 yrs. development auto telephone appa­ NEWMAN INDUSTRIES LIMITED. YATE, BRISTOL ratus and circuits. M.V. apprentice Grad. I.E.E.. seeks 2182 position requiring a general knowledge of electrical in­ dustry or technical post.—Box 7286. c/o The Electrical Review . REBUILT MOTORS AND GENERATORS XPORT Manager, A.M.I.E.E. (37), good education, E works training, wide experience, requires position with progressive firm.—Box 7224, c/o The Electrical ONG deliveries can often be avoided by purchasing Review . L rebuilt secondhand plant. We can redesign or replace OREMAN, supervisor, experienced power and lighting, surplus plant of any size. F practical and technical qualifications, shortly free, SEND US YOUR ENQUIRIES. genuine.—Box 7282. c/o The Electrical Review. LUMBER-Jointer (36), married, requires situation. OVER 1.000 RATINGS ACTUALLY IN STOCK HERE. P South or South-east coast preferred. 15 years’ ex­ perience supply and contracting.—Box 7252, c/o The Electrical Review. DYNAMO & MOTOR REPAIRS LTD.. RODUCTION Engineer (38) desires change in similar Wembley Park, Middlesex. P capacity. 22 years’ planning. D.O., time study, tool room. T.D.O. and shop experience on light elect./mech. Telephone: Wembley 3121 (4 lines). products. Salary £650/£700. London. Surrey or Middle­ sex.—Box 7273. c/o The Electrical Review. Also at Phoenix Works, Belgrave Terrace, Soho Road, EPRESENTATION offered, thoroughly practical in Handsworth, Birmingham. R all things electrical, with old-established connection Telephone : Northern 0898. in Midlands and East Anglia, guaranteed large turnover 26 in good solid business. Firms requiring post-war results can rely on this service. Highest references, many years with Siemens. Korting & Mathiesen Ltd., Tuckers and six FOR years Diamond H. Switches on cookers, etc Working H Y D R A U L IC PLA NT, . PU M PS. PRESSES. with son. William, thoroughly trained, or separate ELECTRICAL PLANT AND agencies. This is genuine business, please communicate— POWER P L A N T OF A L L Arthur Walkington, “ Ridsdale.’’ Burton Joyce, Notting- DESCRIPTIONS ham. ^<2 220 OYAL Engineers. Electrical and Mechanical Officer, R immediate demobilisation, desires suitable position of send your enquiries to trust. Twenty years’ civilian experience in technical and commercial sides of electrical contracting, accustomed to THOS. W. WARD LTD., handling labour, could take complete control. Lcmdon Brettcnham House. Strand. London, W.C.2. district preferred.—Box 7205, c/o The Electrical Review. Temple Bar 9631. 2220 Ju,y 6, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w 75

GEORGE COHEN, SONS & CO. LTD. A A A kW OERLIKON TURBO ALTERNATOR. 3 »vJvJV J 200 lbs. working pressure, 6,600 volt. 3- for phase, 50 cycles. 3.000 r.p.m., with Condenser, Pumps. Motors and Switchgear. g u a r a n t e e d e l e c t r i c a l 1,250-kW BROWN BOVERIE GEARED TURBO GENERATOR. 215 lbs. pressure, speed 3,600 r.p.m.. PLANT. Generator for 500 volts D.C.. speed 550 r.p.m., complete with Condenser. Pumps, Motors and Switchgear. m o t o r s , g e n e r a t o r s , 500-kW BELLISS/WESTINGHOUSE TURBO ALTER­ NATOR. 155 lbs. working pressure, speed 3,000 r.p.m., s w i t c h g e a r .' 500 volts 3-phase. 50 cycles, complete with all auxiliaries. 500-kW WESTINGHOUSE MIXED PRESSURE etc. TURBO ALTERNATOR, 95 lbs. and 16 lbs. working pressure, speed 3,000 r.p.m., 500 volts. 3-phase, 50 cycles, complete with all auxiliaries. 350-kW RATEAU PASS-OUT TURBO ALTERNATOR. WOOD LANE, LONDON. W.12. 150 lbs. working pressure, pass-out 2,200 lbs. at 21 lbs. Telephone: Shepherds Bush 2070 pressure or 6,600 lbs. at 49 lbs. pressure, voltage 400 and volts, 3-phase, 50 cycles, speed 3,000 r.p.m., complete STANNINGLEY. NEAR LEEDS. with all auxiliaries. Telephone : Pudsey 2241. NEWMAN INDUSTRIES LIMITED, YATE, BRISTOL Established 1834. 2181

large stock of Searchlights (sale or hire), also Winches WATER TUBE BOILERS IN STOCK A of our self-sustaining type. Hundreds of thousands supplied during the last 40 years to Government depart­ ments, corporations and innumerable traders. Mirrors. Two 25.000 lbs. evaporation. 175 lbs. W.P. Lenses. A.I.D. Turnbuckles, etc., also surplus Carbon Rods, Three 20,000 lbs. .. 175 lbs. .. Ehonite and Fibre.—London Electric Firm. Croydon. 42 One 12.000 lbs. .. 200 lbs. .. number of portable Alternating Lighting Sets, fully One 12,000 lbs. .. 160 lbs A guaranteed, for quick delivery, 3-5 kVA, 230/1/50.— One 9/10.000 lbs. .. 200 lbs. .. The Electroplant Co.. Wembley, Middlesex. 2266 quantity of nearly new Storage Cells by Young. 350- We install complete, including brickwork. Economisers. A amp.-hour capacity at 10-hour rate, heavy duty, Pumps, Piping Valves. Generating Sets and Motors in only a few weeks old, fully charged. Low price for quick stock. Please send us your enquiries; we can give cTearance.— G.P .U . Ltd.. Wembley. 2267 immediate delivery. .C. and D.C. House Service Meters, all sizes, quarterly A and prepayment, reconditioned, guaranteed one year. BURF0RD, TAYLOR & CO. LTD., Repairs and recalibrations.—The Victa Electrical Co.. 47. Boiler Specialists, Middlesbrough. Battersea High Street. S.W .ll. Tel. Battersea 0780. 19 Telephone: Middlesbrough 2622. .C. and D.C. Motors, all sizes, large stocks, fully ______32 A guaranteed.—Milo Engineering Works, Milo Road. East Dulwich. S.E.22 (Forest Hill 4422). 6781 FINCHLEY CORPORATION .C./D.C. Generating Set. input 400/3/50. slip-ring A type by Holmes, coupled to dynamo. 150 kW. 230 v.. 500 r.p.m.. reconditionedv—The Electroplant Co.. Wemb­ Electricity Department ley, Middx. 2268 .C. Motors, 1-10 h.p., L. Dynamo. 400/3/50, 725 A r.p.m., S.C., B.B.; 3 25-h.p. Brookes, 400/3/50. T^HE Council have for disposal : One 500-kW G.fi.C. 1,500 r.p.m., S.C., B.B. Many others in stock. A.C. and Steel Tank Rectifier Mobile Substation, complete with D.C.. new and secondhand.—Cox & Danks Ltd.. Wolver­ 6.6-kV Switchgear. Transformer with on-load tap change, hampton New Road. Tipton. Tel. Tipton 2213/4. 2288 L.T. Switchgear and Balancer. D.C., 3-wire. 440-550 .C. Motors. 1 /50th h.p. to 10 h.p.. from stock. Also volts. A D.C.—The Johnson Engineering Co.. 86, Great Port­ Further details will be supplied on request, and the land Street. London. W.l. Tel. : Museum 6373. 57 Substation may be inspected by appointment. ELT Grinders or Sanders, 471 wide belt, £5 5s.; 6" wide The purchaser will be required to make his own arrange­ B belt. £10 10s.—John E. R. Steel, Clyde Mills. Bingley. ments for collection and removal from site. Phone 1066. 52 Offers, in writing, should be submitted to Mr. ( . R . .C. 220-volt Motors. 3 h.p. to 10 h.p.. various speeds. Westlake. M .I.E.E.. General Manager and Engineer, Elec­ D —City Electrical Co., Emerald St., W.C.l. 2285 tricity Works, Squires Lane. N.3. 2280 LECTRIC Lamp Shades and Standards, unique design E and finish. Send for prices and particulars from— ELECTRIC MOTORS AND DYNAMOS Art Shades Ltd.. 46. Market Place, Reading. 7206 LECTRIC Light Plant complete, in splendid condition. E 12-h.p. Ruston Hornsby Oil Engine, air pressure E hold one of the largest stocks of New and Second­ starter, 9.75 kW, 100/150 volts. 1,100 r.p.m.. Newtons W hand Motors. Secondhand machines are thoroughly Taunton Generator; storage batteries. 60 cells. Pritchett & overhauled. Inspection and tests can be made at our Gold. Can be seen working. Apply to—H. J. E. Simmonds, Works. 787. St. Albans Road. Garston. Herts. Tel. 2063. 7270 XHAUST Fans, new. 14", 1-phase, 200/250 v., 1.900 For Sale or Hire. Send your enquiries to: — E cu. ft./min.. £11 15s.— Southern Ignition Co. Ltd.. 190. Thornton Road. Croydon. 75 BRITANNIA MANUFACTURING CO. LTD.. OR disposal 12£ cwt. non-corrosive Jaydalene Flux. 22-26. BRITANNIA WALK. F B.l.C. manufacture. Perfect condition. Price not CITY ROAD. LONDON. N.I. important.—The Ever Ready Co. (Great Britain) Ltd.. Hercules Place. Holloway. N.7. 2283 Telephone : 551gj_Cleriten^ll:______ENERATING Sets for sale, 18 kVA, 400/3/50. petrol; G 2£-kW. 220-v. D.C. Crude Oil Set.—Fyfe. Wilson & ALTERNATORS Co. Ltd.. Bishop’s Stortford. 2276 EAVY#duty Arc Welding Plants, 200 amps. Price Suitable for 400-3-50. in perfect condition. H £31 10s. complete. Also Spot Welders, £36 15s.— 1.000 r.p.m. with exciter John E. R. Steel. Clyde Mills, Bingley. Phone 1066. 50 65 kVA 300 r.p.m . 160 kVA for coupling NSU-Glass covered Plain or Enamelled Instrument 1.000 r.p.m. with exciter I Wires. No. 18 s.w.g.. No. 40 s.w.g., stock deliveries.— 170 kVA 300 r.p.m. 235 kVA for coupling Saxonia. Roan Works, Greenwich. S.E.10. 29 600 kVA 300 r.p.m . for coupling ARGE quantity of various types Insulated, Screened. L P.V.C. and Polythene-covered Wire, can be inspected th e ELECTROPLANT CO. at—Brookside Metal Co, Ltd., Honeypot Lane. Stanmore. Wembley, Middx. Middlesex. 2206 7 6 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945

T ESLIE Dixon & Co. for Dynamos, Motors, Switchgear. 1/ki^-h.p.. 400/3/50. S.R.. 730-revs.. Louvre Vent.. Chargers and Telephones.—214. Queenstown Road. JA JU B.T.H. (ball bearings), with Ellison O.I. gear.— Battersea. S.W.8. Telephone, MACaulay 2159. Nearest Greenhalgh Bros.. Burton’s Field Mill. Atherton. M/cr. 2294 Rly. Sta.: Queen’s Road. Battersea (S.R.). it 1 A /\-kVA Beiliss/Crompton Alternator, 400/3/50. 4 ONOMARK. Permanent London address. Letters re­ X t f c v f wire. Seen running.—Stewart Thomson & Sons. M directed. 5s. p.a. Write—BM/M0N053, W.C.l. 68 Fort Road, Seaforth, Liverpool. 21. 47 ORRIS Electric Lifting Blocks, i-ton, 220 v., 1 and 1 r^fVh.p., 420-volt D.C. Motor by English Electric Co.. M 2-ton. 440 v. D.C.^-S. C. Bilsby, Crosswells Road. X « Jv J 0ii ring bearings. 716 r.p.m., compound interpole, Langley Green, near Birmingham. 2279 C.I. bedplate. 3rd pedestal bearing, pulley 21" x 21*". OTOR Generator Set. 110 h.p., 3-phase. 400/440 and slide rails. “ Igranic ” floor type starter panel with M volt, drip-proof, slipring motor direct coupled volt- and ammeter. This motor is in excellent condition on bedplate to 66-kW, 110-volt. 1,450-r.p.m. D.C. dynamo and is being changed due to an A.C. supply being taken. with accessories.—Britannia Manufacturing Co. Ltd.. Best offers to—Messrs. T. S. Bell & Co.. 35, Tangier St.. 22/26, Britannia Walk. London. N.I. 2275 Whitehaven, Cumberland. 48 ]VTOTOR Generator Sets and Convertors, all sizes and I 500-volts, 700-revs. S.I., two ped. brgs.. on voltages from £ kW up to 500 kW in stock.— X v> v/ bedplate.—Greenhalgh Bros., Burton’s Field Mill. Britannia Manufacturing Co. Ltd.. 22/26. BTitannia Walk. Atherton, nr. Manchester. 2295 City Road, London, N.I. Telephone. Clerkenwell 5512. ^)r\/ykV A . oil-cooled Transformer, 11.000/400-440 v., 5513 & 5514. 28 3-ph.. 50 cycles, with O.I. circuit breaker. New A/TOTOR Generators. Small D.C./D.C. Motor Genera- 1940.—Box 2278. c/o The Electrical Review. tors, drive off 12-volt accumulator and give 230 Or\/Y-kW . 250-volt. 600-r.p.m. Single Pedestal Com- volts. 30 m.a. D.C. output; off 6-volt, 110 v., 15 m.a. pound Met.-Vickers Generator.—Box 2177, c/o output. Originally made for Gvt. radio; two commuta­ The Electrical Review. tors. ball bearings, laminated fields, insulated brush gear, yards 19/.052 single new L.C. Cable.—Electricals covered armature windings. In new condition. 75s. each. Ltd.. 14, Claremont Place. Newcastle-upon- Aluminium Tubing, in approx. 12-foot coils. 5/16" I.D.. Tyne. 3. 2222 new. surplus W.D. stock, 3s. 6d. each.—Leslie Dixon & Co.. O C /V kV A Alternator, 400 volts, 3-phase. 50 cycles, 750 214, Queenstown Road. Battersea. London. S.W.8. 65 revs., with direct-coupled exciter; also two 250- A/TOTORISED £" Bench Drilling Machine. 13 speeds. kW Rotary Converters, with transformers and switchgear. -*XX £12 2s. 6d.—John E. R. Steel, Clyde Mills. Bingley. input 6.600 volts. 3-phase, 50 cycles, output 420/210 volts Phone 1066. 51 D.C.—Midland Counties Electrical Engineering Co. Ltd.. ■pj"AMEPLATES. Engraving, Diesinking, Stencils, Steel Grice Street. Spon Lane. West BTomwich. 36 X i Punches.—Stilwell & Sons Ltd., 152, Far Gosford A /Y/Vvolts. 3-phase. 50-cycles, ball-bearing Motors, slip Street, Coventry. 14 ring induction type; one 140 h.p., 975 r.p.m .; one NE new totally enclosed vertical Lancashire Dynamo 150 h.p., 730 r.p.m.; two 200 h.p., 980 r.p.m.—Qldfield O 8-h.p. Fan Motor, for 200 v., 2-ph., 50 cys.. with Engineering Company Ltd., 96, East Ordsall Lane. Sal­ four facings, without feet, shaft 2£" dia., 10" long, key­ ford. 5. Blackfriars 3842. 2026 way 6" long, with starter complete. Ex stock. For price Electric Motors, Dynamos, Transformers, Con- apply—H. J. H. King & Co. Ltd., Engineers. Nailsworth. verters. etc., etc., at low prices.—S. C. Bilsby. Glos. 7 1 A.M.I.C.E., A.M .I.E.E., Crosswells Road. Langley, near HONE 98 Staines. 130-kW, 110-v. D.C. Diesel Birmingham. Phone. Broadwell 1359. 21 P Generating Set; 60-kW, 220-vo. D.C. ditto; 7/9-kW, 110-vo. D.C. ditto; 50-kW, 440/220-vo. D.C. Steam Set; ARTICLES WANTED 400-kW Beiliss Surface Condenser; Weir Feed Pumps, 9£" x 7" x 21" and 8£" x 6" X 13".—Harry H. Gardam & Co. L td ., Staines. 60 T V C . MOTORS. 1. 2 and 3 h.p., 1,000 to 1.500 r.p.m. U A N T IT Y a . E .g . and B.I. Coin Collector Meters for X-/ Any voltage 200 to 500. Must be good make, Q disposal. All in good condition. Write offer—Payne modern machines. Bros. (Catford) Ltd., 38. Ravensbourne Park, S.E.6. 7285 Also OTARY Converters in stock, all sizes; enquiries A BRAKE TESTING EQUIPMENT OR DYNAMO R invited.—Universal Electrical, 221. City Road, METER, suitable for testing motors up to 20 h.p. London, E.C.l. 16 ELF-Priming Electric Pumps. 300 g.p.h., £12.—John Full details to S E. R. Steel, Clyde Mills, Bingley. Phone 1066. 53 SE V E R A L Telescopic Tower Ladders ready for essential I E. CO. LTD .. OFFORD STREET WORKS. work. Extensions, Trestles and Steps to order.— LONDON. N.1. 2271 Shaftesbury Ladders Ltd., 453, Katherine Road. E.7. Grangewood 3363. 15 A CCUMULATOR Plates (old) and lead Peroxide; as TAFF Time Checking and Job Costing Time Recorders TX- actual smelters we pay top price. Also old storage S (all makes) for quick cash sale. Exceptional con­ batteries, transformers and whole installations purchased. dition. Write — Box 528, Smiths. 100, Fleet Street, —Elton. Levy & Co. Ltd.. 18. St. Thomas Street. S.E.l. London. E.C.4. 31 H op 2825-6. 39 TEAM Alternating Sets. Two. 150 kVA, by BTowett (^O IL Winding Machines wanted for essential work.— S Lindley, vert. H.S. engine, 150 lbs. pressure.—Norman Box 63, c/o The Electrical Review. E. Potts (Birmingham) Ltd.. 105, Alcester Road South. "C^NAMELLED Copper Wire wanted. Please state quan- Birmingham. 14. 2204 X J tity, make, gauge and price.—Box 61. c/o The WITCHBOARDS suitable for dynamos and alternators, Electrical Review. S all sizes from 100 amp. up to 1,500 amp.—Britannia X^NGINEERING Technical Books (new or secondhand) Manufacturing Co. Ltd., 22/26, Britannia Walk. London. -XJ wanted in any quantity. Attractive cash offers. Call N .I. 25 —Third floor, 356, Oxford Street, W .l, or “ Stoneleigh." RANSFORMER Lead-in Wire, 7/38 and 14/38 s.w.g., St. George’s Avenue. Weybridge. 62 T Insu-Glass finished, various colours, stock.—Saxonia. X^QUIPMENT as hereunder (or near) is wanted for early Greenwich, S.E.10. 34 X-i delivery: 60-h.p. Motor. 250 v. D.C.. 1.400 r.p.m.. 1 to 5-h.p.. 400/440, 3-phase, 50-cycle Motors, ex Govern- with starter; Frequency Changer or M.G. Set. A.C. or X ment stock, no permit required.—Dawson. Caledonia. D.C. input, output 25 kW. 490/3/75; M.G. Set. 250 volt Oakengates. 2249 D.C. to 125 kVA, 400/3/50 at .8 P.F.: Transformers. f*-h.p., 220-volt, shunt wound. 3,000-rev. ball-bearing 500 kVA. 6.600 to 440/3/50.—Box 2277, c/o The Elec­ Metro.-Vic. Motor, with Brookhirst starter, I.C. panel. trical Review. £18 10s.; 2-h.p. ditto, speed 720/1,440. £16.—Dawson. 1%/TERCURY (Quicksilver) wanted.. Write for packing Caledonia. Oakengates. 2250 TJX instructions. Gold. Silver and Platinum also pur l-kW Turbo-Generating Set, 110 volt D.C., £40.— chased.—Collingridge & Co. Ltd.. Riverside Works. River &2 Stewart Thomson & Sons. Fort Road, Seaforth, side Road. Watford (Tel. 5963). 20 Liverpool, 21. 55 rpHREE-phase Motor required, slip ring, 100/120 h.p.. H 1-h.p. Blackstone Crude Oil Horizontal Engine, com- X 400/440 v.. 960 r.p.m. preferred, but other speeds con­ • 2 plete with water-cooling tank, filter a*d silencer, sidered.—Smith Bros. Ltd.. Aylestone Park. Leicester. 2247 and fuel tank and fuel storage tank. 5 ft. long x 3 ft. 6 ins. \\T ANTED. Crypton “ Constant Potential" Battery diameter, direct coupled to a “ Bull ” Dynamo. 23 amps.. Charging Equipment complete. 100-amp. capacity 100/160 volts, 320 r.p.m., fitted with a series/shunt for 12-volt batteries. Particulars, etc.. to—C. S. Ltd.'. switch. The complete unit is in a first-class condition. Staffa Road. Leyton. E.10. 2274 Best offers to—Messrs. T. S. Bell «Sc Co., 35, Tangier VI/'ANTED. Rotary Converters, any size.—Universal. Street. Whitehaven. Cumberland. 49 221, City Road, London. E.C.l. 22 Q fYkW . 220-v., 350-revs., S.I., two ped. brgs.. on bed- T\/'ANTED urgently, a Kohler Lighting Set. 110 volts. plate.—Greenhalgh Bros., Burton’s Field Mill. ▼ f must be good modem job.—Electrogenerators Ltd.. Atherton, nr. Manchester. 2293 14, Australia Road, Slough. 2246 July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w (Supplement) 77

WORK WANTED AND OFFERED V I 7 ’ANTED. Agencies for British India. Burma, Ceylon ’ “ for A.C. and D.C. Motors. Fractional H.P. Motors. e?tensive technical and practical ex- Alternators. Generator Sets. Switchgears. Pumping Sets. tslppvinff ¡S5?e er / u^ n? P.V.C. for cable covering, tubing. Arc Welding Units. Power Tools. Cables. Meters. Trans­ hd sections—small modern equipped plant formers. Convertors. Fans (Table. Exhaust and Ceiling). to contact interested party with view to A.C. and D.C. Cinema Carbons and Sound Equipments V^TFi?ft™lon-~Box 72S±- C/O The Electrical Review . for theatres. Radios. Lamps. Fittings, with all accessories, / lArAUXlY available for Chokes. Transformers. Resis- by a well-organised firm, throughout above areas. Five wound and vitreous enamelled) and other offices, with sub-agents in all towns. Sound business electrical work.—Midland Electric Resistance & Trans- guaranteed. Apply Havells Electrical Sales Corpn.. 59. ( o ™ 1 03. Conybere St.. Birmingham. 12. 7278 Forbes Street, Fort. Bombay, with prices, catalogues and ^VTACHIMNG Work, for Centre Lathes up to 6i in. terms. 2188 , centres and medium-sized milling (good grade work preferred). The London Electric Firm, Croydon. Up­ 'VAjTELL-established firm specialising in the manufacture lands 4871. 56 1 T of springs for electrical products of all kinds require ■\TOVING Coil Instruments rewound and scaled to first-class Agents for several areas of British Isles.—Box ^ -L special requirements.—Electrical Instrument Repair 2190, c/o The Electrical Review. Forle»se Road. Maidenhead. 7244 OMALL Armatures, etc.. winding or re-winding, in ^ quantity. High-class work, prompt delivery.— BUSINESSES FOR SALE AND WANTED Southern Ignition Co. Ltd.. 190, Thornton Road. Croy­ A DVERTISER wishes purchase retail or wholesale don. 59 -f-*- business. Chester area. Would consider active TRANSFORMERS, single and three-phase. All types directorship or partnership supplying capital.—Box 7280. up to 10 kVA.—Woden Transformer Co. (Phone. c/o The Electrical Review. Bilston 41959). Moxley Road. Bilston, Staffs. 11 T^LECTRICAL Engineers (old est.). West London. specialising in switchboards and switchgear. good AGENCIES connection. Premises, leasehold. £120 p.a.: plant and goodwill, £2.500 plus S.A.V. Full pars, of—Henry Butcher \ Refrigerator Distribution and Service Agency required & Co.. 73. Chancery Lane. W.C.2. 2284 by reputable Nottingham firm of electrical engineers. ]>JEON Company, factory in London. West End. —Box 2251. c/o The Electrical Review. valuable lease, small rent, goodwill, well-equipped A young man desires London Agency from manufacturer. glass-bending and pumping room, also assembling, drawing Good connection with electrical and wireless whole­ rooms and offices.—Box 7275. c/o The Electrical Review. salers and retailers.—Box 7103. c/o The Electrical Review. /'ALD-established Electrical Contractor, Radio and Retail A GENCEES required. South of England.- including the Business, in best thoroughfare of important Southern A*- London area: (a) Cables: (b) Small Switchgear: (c) town, with flat over. No agents. Particulars—Box 7238. Transformers: or any lines suitable for distribution for c/o The Electrical Review. wholesalers’ business.— Box 40. c/o The Electrical Review. A GENCIES required for London. South of England, for W A N T E D to purchase in or near London, small busi- the following: (1 ) Domestic electrical appliances: » * ness, capable of manufacturing fractional h.p. electric (2) Brass electrical accessories, switch plugs, etc.: (3) Con­ motors.—Box 7287. c/o The Electrical Review. duit. Advertisers have clientele with every wholesaler in the territory mentioned. Im m ediate turnover can be guaranteed. Either commission or buying basis. Post­ PARTNERSHIPS war arrangements considered. Box 64. c/o The Elec­ X^NGINEER (30) seeks another of highest integrity. trical Review . having initiative, skill and manufacturing facilities, A GENTS required for following areas : Birmingham. view to Partnership. Making plans for resumption of Manchester. Newcastle. Glasgow, South Wales, to successful pre-war business, London area, holding sole handle on commission basis wide range Electric Con­ British manufacturing rights new precision domestic densers.—Box 2151. c/o The Electrical Review. appliances and i.e. engine components. WTrite in full /COMMISSION Agency. Swedish business man wants to confidence to—Advertiser. Box 7271, c/o The Electrical contact manufacturers of electric porcelain and Review . steatite, nickel-alloys, asbestos goods, mica and micanite. etc. R ep ly to— M r. H . Lagerstedt. Lindvallsplan 8. Stockholm. Sweden. 2254 EDUCATIONAL NOTICES "C’XPORT to India: An export house with well-estab- lished connections in the Indian market desires to LATEST A.M.I.E.E. RESULTS hear from manufacturers of Electrical Accessories. House­ hold Appliances. Refrigerators, etc., who seek to expand their export business. W rite, giving full details, to the— N the recent Examinations held by the Institution of Empire Export & Import Company. 2. Broad Street Place. I Electrical Engineers 477 Candidates sat who had London. E .C .2. 70 taken B.I.E.T. courses. Of these 457 were successful in TNDIA. Established firm of merchants in India, with passing the examinations. We believe this record of 457 -*- connection throughout the country, desires to get in successes out of 477 entrants has never before been touch with British m anufacturer of Elect. Equipm ent and approached by any oral or correspondence tutorial Appliances with view to representation.—*’ 2866.” Wm. organisation, and indicates the very high efficiency of Porteous & Co., Glasgow. 7276 the modern system of Technical training which we have T ONDON firm wish to contact manufacturer with a laid down. view to sole sale. Excellent connections throughout The B.I.E.T. tutorial organisation is waiting to assist England and Wales with manufacturers of domestic and you either with a short specialist course or complete other electric appliances and with radio valve manufac­ training for a recognised examination. turers. Prepared to hold London stock.—Box 2253, c/o The Electrical Review . We have available a large full-time staff of instructors, T ONDON Office in best commercial thoroughfare, repre- while the efficiency of our extensive organisation is a sentation and all facilities available to substantial byword among engineers. manufacturer. Heavy engineering, heating or building trade preferred. General effectiveness, financial and cul­ WE G U A R A N T E E — ' NO PASS— NO F E E ” tural status of advertiser will be obvious when identity is revealed. Write in first instance to—Box 122. Parrs. May we send a copy of “ ENGINEERING OPPOR 121. Kingsway. London. W.C.2. 2231 TUNITIES ” ? Containing a great deal of useful advice A fANUFACTURERS’ Agents, covering the whole of and detailed information on over 200 Home-Study Courses and examinations, this handbook is of very real value to Great Britain and Colonies, are desirous of contact­ the ambitious engineer. ing manufacturers with a view to sole selling rights (either commission or buying), post-war arrangements considered. Our highly informative handbook will be sent FREE —Box 23. c/o The Electrical Review. and without obligation on request. ('AFFICER. demobilised October, good commercial ex- ^ perience. requires agency in Chester for Electric BRITISH INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Domestic Products of leading concern. Willing finance TECHNOLOGY. purchases stock.—Box 7283, c/o The Electrical Review. Established 1927—over 200.000 students. ORTUGUESE house with service garage and connec­ P tion in Electricity branch wishes represent good 12. Shakespeare House, 17, 18 & 19. Stratford Place. English exporting house. Write—Box 639. Williams’s Oxford Street, London. W.l. Advertisement Offices, Bradford, 2205 33 7 8 ( Supplem ent) E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945

EDUCATIONAL NOTICES —Continued

Great Possibilities for TECHNICALLY QUALIFIED ENGINEERS

Key Men in War-Time and Afterwards

HE finest posts and the great majority of posts in T Great Britain in this war are technical. The same will be the case when the war is over. The vast increase in mechanisation now being applied to war purppses will then be suitably utilised in reconstruction, and in trade and commerce. Take a recognised Engineering Quali­ fication through home-study with the T.I.G.B.. whose Students have gained 35 FIRST PLACES in the A.M.Inst.C.E.. A.M .I.E.E., A.M.I.Mech.E.. A.F.R.Ae.S., etc.. examinations. Write to-day for “ The Engineer's Guide to Success.” containing the world’s widest choice of engineering Courses—over 200—covering all branches : Electrical. Aeronautical. Mechanical. Wireless, etc.

THE TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF GT. BRITAIN 35. Temple Bar House. London. E.C.4.

MISCELLANEOUS HOTOGRAPHY. a photograph says more than a P thousand words. Realistic photographs for catalogues, brochures and general reproduction purposes. All branches LITHOUTE INSULATORS & of photographic work undertaken. Records made 9f present work, premises, etc.—Miles & Kaye Ltd.. Industrial Photo­ graphers. 100, Southampton Row, London. W.C. . Tele­ ST. ALBANS MOULDINGS LTD phone. HOLborn 6858. Established over 50 years. 2248 ECHNICAL Translators required for preparing occa­ T sional summaries of electrical articles from French, Spanish and German. — Box 7217, c/o The Electrical Review . WATFORD - OU will encourage your profits, if you will encourage Y our skilled craftsmen to undertake mass production, •PHONE: WATFORD 4494 winding and assembly of electric motors, transformers, radio components, panels.—Electro Production House. 161. Hillside. Stonebridge. N.W.10. 7279 ADVERTISEMENT ELECTRICAL REWEW'S- INSTRUCTION CHART COPY AND BLOCKS F O R DEALING WITH APPARENT should reach us 15 da/s preceding DEATH FROM ELEGTRIG date of Issue addressed to SHOCK ELECTRICAL REVIEW In accordance with H.O. ELECTRICITY REGULATION 29 Donat Houn, Stamford Stroat Doraet Houie LONDON. S.E.I Stamford St., S.E.I

r n s n o n !”

says FATHER TIME in the National and Provincial Press. Planning for the time when, freed from important war contracts we shall be able to concentrate all our resources on the manufacture of TEMCO, the finest of Electric Clocks. - r

IMfCWWHOffj ttlC TR /c CLOCKS A product of TELEPHONE MFG. CO. LTD. Marketed by T .M X. HARWELL (SALES) LTD. 233 Shaftesbury Avenue, London, W.C. 2 “ly 6, 1945 Electrical Review (Supplement) 7 9

COMPANY MEETINGS CABLE AND WIRELESS (HOLDING) LTD.

w - T. HENLEY'S TELEGRAPH WORKS Confidence in the Future

HP HE Annual General Meeting of Cable and Wireless Great W ar Record (Holding Limited was held on 28th June, 1945, in London. T H,E ,66th Ordinary General Meeting of W. 'I'. Henley's Sir Edward Wilshaw (chairman and managing director) onn, ■ Tra j Works Company Ltd. was held on .June 29th m London. said that Lord Pender, on the completion of 45 years' service in the telegraph industry, commencing with the Sir Montague Hughman (the chairman) said that from old cable companies, had now retired from active partici­ the early days of tne war up to the present time one of pation in the group of companies. He had joined the old their most important contributions had been the manu­ facture for the Admiralty of a cable of unique design for cable companies in 1900. served on the boards of those combating magnetic mines. Many designs had been companies since 1906, and been the governor and manag­ worked out and. after preliminary investigations with a ing director of Cable and Wireless (Holding) Ltd. since number of heavier than water cables, towing different types of electiode. the Admiralty had decided that a the merger in 1929. Many would remember, in the cable which would float on the surface of the sea was difficult days of the company’s early years, the outstand­ necessary. By Christmas, 1939. their chief engineer. Dr. ing ability with which he conducted the general meetings Percy Dunsheath. had conceived the idea of using tennis in face of great difficulties. He had inspired confidence balls to support the weight of the heavy copper conductor required to carry many thousands of amperes. Altogether in the stockholders, and in these more prosperous days on that particular job they had to make over 23 million they should not forget that and should express their tennis balls and draw some 200.000 miles of copper wire, gratitude and wish him well in his retirement and leisure. and they had supplied over 1 .000.000 yards of that cable to the Admiralty to date. Many lives as well as valuable In round figures the profit for 1944 was £1.199,000. as ships and cargoes had been saved by the tennis ball being against £1.221.000 in the previous year. The proposed employed in that original manner. dividend was 4 per cent. The dividends received from Another outstanding contract which they had executed the subsidiary companies and Cables Investment Trust was the H.A.I.S. cable for Operation “ Pluto." The Ltd. were the same as for the previous year. £1.314.000. supply of millions of gallons of petrol to the Forces on while income from other investments at £43.000 showed the Continent through pipe lines laid across the Channel had been one of the outstanding British engineering an increase of £1,00Q. The taxes on profits paid and to achievements of the past few years. By the time one be paid in this country by this group of companies million gallons of fuel was being transm itted daily under amounted to about £7,000,000 for E.P.T. and about the Channel the bulk of that had been through Henley’s £4.000.000 for income tax, in addition to a further pipe. £2,000.000 to be paid in the Dominions, Colonies and The contract department under Mr. Burnett had carried foreign countries, making a grand total of about £13.000.000 out work on 576 different sites during the war. spread taxation upon their income. over the whole of Great BTitain. Northern Ireland. Scot­ land. the Orkneys and Shetlands. This department had The investments of the group, which appeared at also carried out a number of secret and important sub­ £18.314.000, had on December 31 last a market value of marine cable-laying jobs for the R.A.F. and the Admiralty and completed cable installations for some of the large £18,598.000, showing an appreciation of £284,000. as new generating stations in the country. During the year against a depreciation of £164,000 last year. The income two important contracts for the Central Electricity Board received from investments amounted to £737.000. as for the installation of Henley’s 132-kV gas cushion cable against £701.000, and the average yield on the book value had been carried out. Both were put in commission during the year without hitch, and so far are working of the securities was just over £4 0s. 6d. per cent. with complete success. Telecommunications Proposals Much damage by enemy action had been suffered at both the London offices, at Milton Court, and at Wool­ There had been references in the Press to various com­ wich. In spite of all these difficulties efficiency has been mittees and missions which had been examining Imperial well maintained, and tribute was due to Mr. McArthur Telecommunications problems. It had been stated in and his very fine staff, who carried on with the greatest November that discussions were afoot involving the courage and fortitude. creation in Britain, the Dominions and India of public Many special types of cable were made at Woolwich utility corporations, owned by the State, to take over during the war period, and the Ministry of Aircraft Pro­ the conduct of external telegraph and telephone activities duction placed over-riding contracts for cables to enable production to be rationalised. Many millions of yards now in private hands. Later it was announced that Lord of cable were manufactured to different patterns and Reith had been invited by the British Government to thousands of mile? of field communication cables were visit the Dominions and India to discuss the future organi­ made for equipping searchlights., A.A. guns and other sation of the telecommunications services of the Common­ needs of the Forces for the M inistry of Supply. wealth. Customers could now appreciate that they could not Those proposals and the negotiations which had resulted have been supplied with all their requirements during the war when they realised the amount of war work for which had given the directors much thought. Whatever might the company had been responsible. be the trend of the discussions, the stockholders would 1943 was a-record year in this company’s history in be consulted before any irrevocable steps were taken by output, tonnage and profits, and this after over 100 years the board. of working. 1944 was not a record; but the results were For the moment he need say no more than that their satisfactory bearing in mind the extraordinary conditions group of companies during these last few years had pro­ existing. vided yet another noteworthy example of the part that General home business had been maintained at approxi­ private enterprise could play in an emergency. mately the same level as in 1943. but outside contracting work had declined. While in the case of so many other commercial under­ Overseas business, in spite of continued restriction on takings the transition period from war to peace presented export and the many difficulties in connection with foreign some temporary dislocation in their functions, they them­ trade had been satisfactory, and turnover had been main­ selves, however, were fortunate in that their main task tained. which is 16.41% of our total business. of providing the means by which nations and individuals The report and accounts were unanimously adopted, could communicate rapidly with one another remained and the proposed final dividend of 10 % and cash bonus unchanged. of 5 % were approved. The report was adopted. 2269 80 (Supplem ent) E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w July 6, 1945

COMPANY MEETINGS —Continued CABLE AND WIRELESS LTD. (The Operating Company) TELEGRAPH CONDENSER COMPANY Traffic Expansion

Radio in Modern Warfare HE following is an extract from the speech by Sir T Edward Wilshaw. chairman of Cable and Wireless Ltd., at the Annual General Meeting of the company in HE Twelfth Ordinary General Meeting of the Telegraph London on 28th Ju n e. T Condenser Company Ltd. was held on 28th June, in London. Mr. W. H. McFadzean. C.A. (chairman of the The profit for 1944 shows a small increase of £8.865 company), presiding. at £1.237,757. In the following brief review I can, I hope, show you The following is an extract from'his statement circu­ some part of the contribution which your company has lated with the report and accounts : — made to the common victory. In May. 1941, our Central Telegraph Station in Moorgate, with much valuable equip­ Output for 1944 showed a further improvement over ment. was destroyed by fire caused by enemy action. the previous record achieved in 1943, but, as a result of Due to forethought and careful planning, it was possible increased costs and higher depreciation requirements, little to transfer our activities to our present headquarters in benefit has accrued to the company. The total available Electra House, Victoria Embankment, and the flow of profit from 1944 is £1.842 higher at £63,781. It is pro­ traffic was never seriously dislocated. Throughout all the posed to pay a dividend of 7£% and a cash bonus of 2£% periods of air raids, messengers, in cars or on bicycles, (both less income tax) on the Ordinary capital. continued to deliver messages, and I know no case where a message failed to be delivered owing to an air raid. War-Time Activities Abroad, on Italy’s entry into the war, all the cables The story is being gradually unfolded of the essential west of Malta were cut by the Italians. In the Far East part played by radio in modern warfare, and most people the Japanese, on their entry into the war. over-ran all are aware of some of its diversified uses. To both the our cable and wireless stations in that area, depriving the Navy and the Air Force the use of radiolocation has been company of th? best and fastest route to Australia and of invaluable assistance in successfully combating enemy New Zealand. The West African route to Capetown had submarines and bombers, while in attack accurate bomb­ to carry a large share of the traffic thus necessarily ing by the Allied Air Forces at night and through cloud diverted, while the long route via the Atlantic. Canada has only been possible by the use of radio instruments. and the Pacific was called in to relieve the strain. With our armies radio has played an equally important role, and has often been described as the “ eyes and Supply Difficulties ears " of our forces. Despite the heavy losses of equipment and the necessity for expanding our services to meet war-time demands, In every type of radio set and instrument the com­ we have had the utmost difficulty in obtaining supplies ponents manufactured by your company have played a and transporting them to distant stations. vital part and our main problems have been to meet all Nevertheless.the services have been maintained; 47 new demands, both for quantities and for special and ever- wireless circuits have been opened since September. 1939; changing purposes. Output has been increased to many the total traffic carried in 1938 comprised 231.000.000 times its pre-war level through more intensive production words against no fewer than 705.000.000 words in 1944. at our main factory at Acton and the operation of four whilst we have expanded our phototelegraph services dispersal factories and several outworking units. In the until we are . now handling as many as 2,000 pictures a field of development we have originated many novel month, compared with 100 before the war. designs of condensers, as, for example, for use in aircraft flying at great heights and extremely low temperatures This brief outline of our contribution to the war effort and by our armed forces operating under severe tropical would be incomplete without a heartfelt tribute to our conditions. staff, both here and all over the world, operating often in the most dangerous and uncomfortable conditions. The Shareholders have every reason to be proud of the crews of our cable ships have stuck grimly to “their work war-time achievements of the company, but I can assure despite all hazards. you these have only been accomplished through organisa­ Recovery of the Far Eastern circuits will throw a great tion of the highest degree under the main direction of strain on the company, which can be met only if we have our general manager, Mr. P. A. Sporing. and the com­ the men and the equipment. plete co-operation received from all employees. We have emerged from the war strengthened by the With the ending of the war in Europe the total demands thought that by drive, initiative and foresight we have of the Services are naturally decreasing and we are. there­ surmounted great dangers and formidable difficulties. We fore, able to give increasing attention and supplies to have shown that private enterprise in the right hands can home and overseas markets. In these spheres the tech­ achieve much. Experience has shown that the present nical improvements we have developed during the war. system offers the merits of Government control without added to the deservedly high reputation for quality and its disabilities. If left to our own resources and given service which your company has always enjoyed, should reasonable encouragement and goodwill by the Govern­ place us in a strong competitive position. As regards ments. we and our associated companies overseas can export business, steps have already been taken and others continue to keep abreast of developments and to offer are under consideration to recapture and develop over­ cheaper and extended telegraph services without adding seas markets so that your company can play its full part to the taxpayer’s burden. in this vital national requirement. The report was adopted. 2260 Achievement of Private Enterprise In the transition from war-time to peace-time operation there are. however, many problems to be faced. Over­ riding all other problems in importance and urgency is the question as to the conditions under which industry is to be allowed to operate. This issue is now being put to the nation for its decision, and until this is known one must be reserved about the future. But I can. in concluding this review, make two claims. The first— that your company has achieved its present position under the system of private enterprise, and in that achievement the benefits accruing have, in my opinion, been equitably distributed between shareholders, custo­ mers and employees. My second claim is—that the future prosperity of this country and. therefore, of each com­ pany and individual lies in a continuation of private enterprise, provided that in our freedom we take full advantage of past experience and tackle all our post-war difficulties with that same determination and team spirit which have been such features of the war-time years. BIRMINGHAM 16 I BUCKHURST H ill The report was adopted. 2262 July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w ( Supplement) 81

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PAGE M a rtin d a le E lectric C o . L td ...... 41 Index to Advertisers Maybrey, H. J., & Co. Ltd ...... 66 PAGE M c C lu re 8c W h itfie ld ...... 58 Airedale Electrical 8c Manufacturing Co, Ltd ...... 48 M.C.L. & Repetition Ltd ...... * Mek-Elek Engineering Ltd ...... 66 Alton Battep' Co. Ltd ...... 5 Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Co. Ltd ...... 38 Asea Electric Ltd ...... 23 M ic a n ite 8c Insulators Co. Ltd ...... 44 Ashdowns Ltd ...... 48 Ministry of Fuel and Power...... 22 B a rb e r 8c Colman Ltd ...... 56 Normand Electrical Co. Ltd ...... 49 B astian 8c A llen L td ...... 61 Northern Aluminium Co. Ltd ...... 57 Benjamin Electric Ltd ...... 4 Parmiter, Hope & Sugden Ltd ...... 83 B erry ’s E lectric L td ...... 40 Perry Barr Metal Co ...... 63 Braithwaite 8c Co. Engineers Ltd Cover iii Pitman, Sir Isaac, 8c S ons L td ...... 58 Britannia Batteries Ltd ...... 51 P oles L td ...... 50 m British Central Electrical Co. Ltd ...... 28 Premier Electric Heaters Ltd 47 # r British Electric Transformer Co. Ltd ...... 19 P u ltra L td ...... 26 f 1 British Insulated Cables Ltd ...... 9 Pye L td ...... 54 f British KLlockner Switchgear Ltd ...... 84 Record Electrical Co. Ltd ...... 60 British Trane Co. Ltd ...... 59 Redfern Stevens Ltd ...... 28 Brook Motors Ltd Cover i Rediffusion Ltd: ...... 14 Brush Electrical Engineering Co. Ltd ...... 35 Rhodes, Brydon 8c Youatt Ltd ...... 34 B u rco L td ...... 29 Rich & Pattison ...... 83 Bushing Co. Ltd ...... 60 Richardsons Westgarth-Brown Boveri Ltd ...... 57 Cable Makers’Association ...... 45 RoJLnick & Gordon Ltd ...... 26 I Canning, W., 8c C o . L td ...... § Ross Courtney & Co. Ltd..../. 1 I Carter, H. W„ 8c Ja m e s L td ...... 56 Ruberoid Co. Ltd ...... 65 I Churchouse, C. M., Ltd ...... 34 Runbaken Electrical Products ...... 84 I City Electrical Co ...... 82 Sangamo Weston Ltd ...... 40 ' Cohen, George, Sons & Co. Ltd ...... 81 S a n to n L td ...... Contactum Ltd ...... 62 83 Saxonia Electrical Wire Co. Ltd ...... 66 Cork Manufacturing Co. Ltd Cover iv Scholes, George H., & Co. Ltd ...... 65 Cox-Walkers Ltd ...... 60 Searchlight Battery Co ...... 60 Crabtree, J. A., 8c C o . L td ...... 3 Simmonds & Stokes Ltd ...... 39 Cressall Manufacturing Co. Ltd ...... 28 Sims, F. D., Ltd ...... 54 C ro fts (E n g in eers) L td ...... 34 Sordoviso Switchgear Ltd ...... 52 z'TH V f Crompton Parkinson Ltd ...... 2 & 64 Sparklets Ltd ...... 62 C ryselco L td ...... 30 Standard Telephones 8c Cables Ltd ...... 37 JuPC-iC Dalyte Electrical Co. Ltd ...... 60 S te atite 8c Porcelain Products Ltd ...... 10 :v D av is & T im m in s L td ...... 84 Stream-Line Filters Ltd ...... 53afu) JW Desoutter Bros. Ltd ...... 15 Sturtevant Engineering Co. Ltd ...... 7 Donovan Electrical Co. Ltd ...... 56 Dowsing Co. (Electrical M anufacturers) Ltd ...... 36 Sun Electrical Co. Ltd ...... 24 Taylor & Petters Ltd ...... C o v e r ii D u ra tu b e 8c W ire L td ...... 51 Tempered Spring Co. Ltd ...... 3.»------Earle Bourne Co. Ltd ...... 63 Tenaplas Ltd ...... 5< Electric Construction Co. Ltd ...... 12 Thermoelectrics Ltd ...... 6( Electric Depot Ltd ...... 69 Thew, Edward H., Ltd ...... 8* Electric Elements Co ...... 66 T.M.C.-Harwell (Sales) Ltd ...... 71 Ellison, George, Ltd ...... 17 T rio n ite L td ...... 5« J S H ) E ngines 8c Electrics Ltd ...... 69 Tufnol Ltd.. N...... 5 English Electric Co. Ltd ...... 21 Tullis Russell & Co. Ltd.* ...... C o v e r I Erskine, Heap & Co. Ltd ...... 33 Tyne Truck 8c Trolley Co. Ltd ...... 3 i Ferguson, Pailin Ltd ...... 13 Vactite Wire Co. Ltd ...... 5 | Ferranti Ltd ...... ¡1 Vent-Axia Ltd ...... Foster Transformers 8c Switchgear Ltd ...... 16 Veritys Ltd ...... 27 8c * Fractional H.P. Motors Ltd ...... 62 Viscose Development Co. Ltd ...... 1 | General Electric Co. Ltd ...... 68 & 70 Walsall Conduits Ltd ...... General Lighting Equipment Co ...... 69 Walter, D., & Co. Ltd ...... G e n t 8c C o . L td ...... 55 Girdex Engineering Co. Ltd ...... 58 Ward & Goldstone Ltd ...... ‘l i S s ] Wardle Engineering Co. Ltd ...... C o v e r I Gordon & Gotch Ltd ...... 63 West Insulating Co. Ltd ...... C o v e r | g g | G re lc o L td ...... 58 W estminster Engineering Co. Ltd ...... U Griffiths Bros. 8c C o . London Ltd ...... 24 Hackbridge Electric Construction Co. Ltd ...... 25 Woden Transformer Co. Ltd ...... I H a r b o r o ’ R u b b e r C o . L td ...... 62 Zenith Electric Co. Ltd ...... < ^ * Hart Accumulator Co. Ltd ...... 54 H a ss e tt 8c Harper Ltd ...... 56 Heatrae Ltd ...... \ Heayberd, F. C., 8c C o . L td ...... 43 H ed in L td ...... 80 Hendrey Relays Ltd ...... 65 Henley’s, W. T., Telegraph W orks Co. Ltd ...... 67 Hewittic Electric Co. Ltd ...... 50 Hildick & Hildick ...... 50 Honeywell-Brown Ltd ...... 61 H o o v e r L td ...... 36 Horstmann Gear Co. Ltd ...... 69 Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd ...... 20 Insular Electric Lamp W orks Ltd ...... 55 Insulators Ltd ...... 46 Johnson, Matthey 8c C o . L td ...... 43 Johnson & Phillips Ltd ...... 31 Jones, Samuel, & Co. Ltd ...... 54 Kautex Plastics Ltd ...... 29 Legg (Industries) Ltd ...... 58 Lithohte Insulators 8c St. Albans Mouldings Ltd 78 L o n d ex L td ...... 84 London Electric Firm ...... 62 TMT

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July 6, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w (Supplement) 83

HOPES PAT ENT FUSES

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The Aeroflex range of PARMITER, HOPE & SUGDEN LTD. fuses is supplied in capacities up to 1500 amps Longsight, Manchester 12 1 .... .M London : 34 Victoria Street, S.W.I ..O f f « 1! .... » tO .... N 74 - BEFORE ENTERING ...Coraii INTO COMMITMENTS M h i (fit* Soineihing don't fail to write for details ..27 4« * t different forfi^ SANTON LT0 NEWPORT 14 (Mon.) ...Cava * b est Cava i Telephone 7 I 2 I I - J

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MICA AND M ICANITE BRAITHWAITE INSULATORS Pressed Steel Tanks Precision Gauged and Stamped Condenser Plates BRAITHWAITE & CO. ENGINEERS, LTD. London Office (Temporary Address) : Radio Valve Spacers, etc. 45 King’s House, Haymarket, London, S.W. I TAYLOR & PETTERS LTD. 3-11 WESTLAND PLACE, N.l Telephone : WHI 3993 Telegrams : Bromkirk-Phone Insulation Engineers Tel. : Clerk. 4105

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CORK MANUFACTURING CO. LTD., South Chingford, London, E.4 Telephone : Silverthorn 2666 (7 lin es) (Associated with Flexo Plywood Industries Ltd.)