Preparation of the Digital Elevation Model for Orthophoto Cr Production
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REMOTE SENSING a Bibliography of Cultural Resource Studies
REMOTE SENSING A Bibliography of Cultural Resource Studies Supplement No. 0 REMOTE SENSING Aerial Anthropological Perspectives: A Bibliography of Remote Sensing in Cultural Resource Studies Thomas R. Lyons Robert K. Hitchcock Wirth H. Wills Supplement No. 3 to Remote Sensing: A Handbook for Archeologists and Cultural Resource Managers Series Editor: Thomas R. Lyons Cultural Resources Management National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. 1980 Acknowledgments This bibliography on remote sensing in cultural Numerous individuals have aided us. We es resource studies has been compiled over a period pecially wish to acknowledge the aid of Rosemary of about five years of research at the Remote Sen Ames, Marita Brooks, Galen Brown, Dwight Dra- sing Division, Southwest Cultural Resources Cen ger, James Ebert, George Gumerman, James ter, National Park Service. We have been aided Judge, Stephanie Klausner, Robert Lister, Joan by numerous government agencies in the course Mathien, Stanley Morain and Gretchen Obenauf. of this work, including the Department of the In Douglas Scovill, Chief Anthropologist of the Na terior, National Park Service, the U.S. Geological tional Park Service has also encouraged and sup Survey EROS Program, and the National Aero ported us in the pursuit of new research directions. nautics and Space Administration (NASA). Fi Christina Allen aided immeasurably in the com nancial support has been provided by these pilation of this bibliography, not only in procuring agencies as well as by the National Geographic references (especially those dealing with under Society (Grant No. 1177). The Department of An water remote sensing), but also in proofreading the thropology, University of New Mexico, and the entire manuscript. -
Population Estimates from Satellite Imagery
l'RONTlSPIECE. Unmagnified high-altitude image ot tlremerton, wasmngwn \scale 1: 135,000). Original image recorded on false-color-infrared reversal film. CHARLES E. OGROSKY University ofWashington Seattle, WA 98195 Population Estimates from Satellite Imagery A high degree of association between urban area population and four variables representing urban size and relative dominance, as measured on high-altitude satellite imagery, indicated that such imagery may be useful for estimating urban population. (Abstract on next page) INTRODUCTION completely survey the population of the United States and its characteristics. Such UMERous examples of the useof conven methods of data collection have been criti N tional aerial photographs in analyzing cized as being overly costly and time con urban problems have been reported. The suming, given the accuracy of the resultant purpose of this study was to investigate the data. Use ofaerial imagery for collecting cer suitability of high-altitude satellite imagery tain types of census information has been for estimation of regional urban population. suggested as a procedure which can success fully supplement existing techniques.! Al CENSUS METHODS though much of the data presently collected Both field and mail questionnaire enumer by traditional methods would not be directly ation methods are frequently employed to obtainable from remotely sensed images, 707 708 PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING & REMOTE SENSING, 1975 ABSTRACT: The suitability ofmedium ground resolution, high altitude satellite imagery as a data source for intercensal population esti mates was evaluated. Four variables representing urban size and relative dominance were measured directly from unmagnified high altitude, color-infrared transparencies for each of18 urban test sites in the Puget Sound region. -
AERIAL SURVEYS in HIGHWAY LOCATION William T
AERIAL SURVEYS IN HIGHWAY LOCATION William T. Pryor, Highway Engineer Department of Design, Public Roads Administration HORTLY after the first World War highway engineers became interested in S the use of aerial photographs in highway focation. In 1924 aerial photo graJ?hs and mosaics were u~ed in the location of parkways in the S~te of New York and during the same year photogrammetric methods of large scale mapping became available. Until World War II, however, general a~ceptanceof photogrammetry as an aid in the highway engineering field has been relatively slow. We now have the benefit of experience by a number of State highway depart ments in the use of aerial phorographs and photogrammetric methods of map ping. It will be the purpose of this article to summarize the main points of what has been learned regarding the various methods of aerial surveying and types of photogrammetric equipment that now appear to be best adapted fOl:,use in the successive stages of highway location. STAGES OF HIGHWAY LOCATION In regions not adequately mapped small-scale maps must be prepared. On such regional maps a system of highways can be planned, with each class of high way including National and State systems, secondary and land service roads rep resented. Terminal and major intermediate control points can be selected on the basis of this classification. Once these controls have been selected, highway loca tion may be carried out in the consecilt'ive stages shown in Figure 1. In referring to this figure particular attention is directed to the relationship between map scales and width of coverage in each of the location stages. -
Geomatic Assessment
WINTER 2017/18 GEOMATIC ASSESSMENT NC AWWA-WEA 3725 National Drive, Suite 217 •2 2018018 MembershipMembership DDirectoryirectory & Buyers’Buyers’ GuideGuide Raleigh, NC 27612 ADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTED • 9 97th7th AAnnualnnual CConferenceonference RRecapecap The official publication of the North Carolina Section of the American Water Works Association (NC AWWA) & the North Carolina Member Association of the Water Environment Federation (NC WEA) GEOMATIC ASSESSMENT How Unmanned Aerial Systems Are Changing the Surveying Industry: Comparing Real-World Accuracy and Cost with Traditional Survey Technologies By Christian Stallings, CP, Research & Development Manager, McKim & Creed, Inc. s a drone the best way to collect above ground to collect data at an developer. These types of surveys are data for your project? Unmanned accuracy of 5-cm root-mean square-error typically conducted using fixed-wing I aerial systems (UAS), aka drones, are (RMSE) or better. aerial photogrammetry, aerial lidar, certainly among the newest geomatics But is UAS right for every surveying and/or conventional ground surveying. technologies in the industry. UAS offers situation? In this article we describe three safe, accurate, cost-effective data case studies in which UAS technology UAS for Landfill Survey collection in areas that are inaccessible was compared with conventional To test the efficacy of using UAS technol- or too costly for conventional surveying surveying methods. We focused on ogy for volumetric surveys, McKim & Creed methods. Licensed and insured UAS three applications: a landfill volumetric teamed with landfill engineers Garrett pilots can legally deploy airframes into survey, a beach monitoring survey, and & Moore, Inc. to survey a 60-acre land FAA-controlled airspace up to 400 feet an elevation verification for a private clearing and inert debris landfill. -
The Global Positioning System As a Complementary Tool for Remote Sensing and Other Applications
The Global Positioning System as a Complementary Tool for Remote Sensing and other Applications Glen Gibbons GPS World 859 Willamette Street, P. O. Box 10460, Eugene, OR 97440-0460 ARLY IN AUGUST 1990, U.S. troops pouring into Saudi Arabia a limited amount of radio spectrum can support an unlimited Eas part of the Desert Shield build-up faced a critical chal number of users. Recent market studies have projected a world lenge: how to deploy men and equipment quickly and safely wide market for military and commercial GPS equipment reach across the treacherous sands of a trackless desert. In the days ing between $4 and $6 billion a year by the mid-1990s. following the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, maps of the area were Navigation, vehicle tracking, and geodetic surveying make more than a quarter-century old and of questionable accuracy. up the largest categories of civil GPS applications today, al If advance elements of the 82nd Airborne Division were to suc though more esoteric uses are rapidly emerging, such as ani cessfully confront the military threat and come to the aid of mal-habitat research, detecting structural deformation in dams Iraqi-occupied Kuwait, they would need accurate maps imme and oil platforms, resource management, and monitoring en diately. vironmental pollution and natural hazards such as volcanoes Traditional cartographic techniques require considerable time and earthquakes. In remote sensing, GPS has been used for to produce usable maps - too much time for this life-or-death several years to quickly survey ground control points for pho situation. So, the U.S. -
Corporations DEPARTMENT
○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Corporations DEPARTMENT Kucera International, Inc. to become one of the country’s largest full-service mapping 38133 Western Parkway firms. Headquartered in Ebensburg, PA, the Mapping Sci- Willoughby, OH 44094-5789 ences Division is staffed with 100 highly skilled professionals 216-975-4230; 216-975-4238 (fax) providing the following services: l Aerial Photography - We maintain two aircraft and two Kucera International Inc. is a professional corporation that aerial cameras for photography acquisition. Aircraft performs photogrammetric, surveying, engineering, cadastral, and cameras are operated by our own highly experi- and computer services for GIS, facility management, and re- enced crews. lated programs. l Surveying - We have adapted state-of-the-art technolo- Kucera’s capabilities and experience span all stages and gies such as GPS, electronic total stations and electronic elements of mapping program evolution. For program start-up field books. Our services range from property boundary and management, Kucera provides consulting, feasibility surveys to horizontal and vertical control/airborne GPS. studies, specifications, system recommendations, and pilot l Photo Lab - We maintain a full-service photographic projects. For program development, Kucera performs hard- laboratory that performs film developing, contact and ware/software acquisition, GIS data conversion, and data diapositive printing, enlargements and photo mosaics. collection/generation in the form of aerial photography, GPS l Analytical Triangulation -
ICSM Guidelines for Digital Elevation Data
ICSM Guidelines for Digital Elevation Data VERSION 1.0 August 12, 2008 ICSM Guidelines for Digital Elevation Data Version 1.0. Preface The purpose of this document is to provide investors, providers and users of elevation data with guidelines and recommendations for acquiring elevation data depicting the earth’s surface based on current best practice. The Guidelines for Digital Elevation Data were prepared by the Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping Elevation Working Group under the auspices of the National Elevation Data Framework (NEDF) initiative currently under development. The Working Group involves experts from State and Federal mapping agencies, industry and academia. The purpose of the NEDF initiative is to develop a collaborative framework that can be used to increase the quality of elevation data and derived products such as digital elevation models (DEMs) describing Australia’s landform and seabed. The aim is to optimise investment in existing and future data collections and provide access to a wide range of digital elevation data and derived products to those who need them. The guidelines represent a first cut in the preparation of ‘best practice’ guidelines for Australia and have been prepared as an outcome of a review of existing available material from around Australia and selected countries. These guidelines are considered a living document. If you have any questions or comments on the guidelines please email [email protected]. For further information on the NEDF or these guidelines please visit the ANZLIC site at http://www.anzlic.org.au/nedf.html and the ICSM site at http://www.icsm.gov.au/icsm/elevation/index.html. -
Chapter 4 Aerial Surveys
Survey Manual Chapter 4 Aerial Surveys Colorado Department of Transportation December 30, 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 4 – Aerial Surveys 4.1 General ............................................................................................................................................. 4 4.1.1 Acronyms found in this Chapter ................................................................................................ 4 4.1.2 Purpose of this Chapter .............................................................................................................. 5 4.1.3 Aerial Surveys ............................................................................................................................ 5 4.1.4 Aerial Photogrammetry .............................................................................................................. 5 4.1.5 Photogrammetric Advantages / Disadvantages .......................................................................... 6 4.1.6 Aerial LiDAR ............................................................................................................................. 6 4.1.7 LiDAR Advantages / Disadvantages .......................................................................................... 7 4.1.8 Pre-survey Conference – Aerial Survey ..................................................................................... 9 4.2 Ground Control for Aerial Surveys ............................................................................................ 10 4.2.1 General .................................................................................................................................... -
CDOT Survey Manual Chapter 4 Aerial Surveys
CDOT Survey Manual 10/19/2015 Chapter 4 Aerial Surveys - Update 2 Survey Manual-Chapter 4 Aerial Survey Update BACKGROUND All CDOT aerial mapping is contracted out to aerial mapping consultants Purpose of Chapter 4 To define the specifications to be followed by aerial mapping consultants conducting aerial surveys and geospatial data processing under authority of a CDOT Region Survey Coordinator To provide general information and guidelines to ensure CDOT staff are well-equipped to determine best application of aerial mapping. • Strengths and limitations of applied technology • Economies of application • Engagement and oversight of the mapping consultant 10/19/2015 4 Survey Manual-Chapter 4 Aerial Survey Update Previous Chapter 4 content – dated October 2003 Specifications/guidelines assumed application of mature technologies • Procedural guidelines aligned with assumptions • Guidelines specific to analog cameras • Included references to deliverables no longer regularly sought, such as film, photographic prints and hardcopy maps • Ground control guidelines designed to accommodate aerial imagery lacking any geo-referencing data Specifications didn’t consider application of newer technologies • Digital cameras • Airborne GPS • LiDAR 10/19/2015 5 Survey Manual-Chapter 4 Aerial Survey Update Objectives of Current Update – June 2015 To update the specifications recognizing of technology advances: • Acknowledge current camera technology • Acknowledge Airborne GPS to benefits to ground control requirements • Introduce LiDAR To provide -
Trying to Break New Ground in Aerial Archaeology
remote sensing Opinion Trying to Break New Ground in Aerial Archaeology Geert Verhoeven 1,* and Christopher Sevara 2 1 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection & Virtual Archaeology (LBI ArchPro), Franz-Klein-Gasse 1/III, Wien A-1190, Austria 2 Department of Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology, University of Vienna, Franz-Klein-Gasse 1/III, Wien A-1190, Austria; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +43-699-1520-6509 Academic Editors: Kenneth L. Kvamme and Prasad S. Thenkabail Received: 24 August 2016; Accepted: 26 October 2016; Published: 4 November 2016 Abstract: Aerial reconnaissance continues to be a vital tool for landscape-oriented archaeological research. Although a variety of remote sensing platforms operate within the earth’s atmosphere, the majority of aerial archaeological information is still derived from oblique photographs collected during observer-directed reconnaissance flights, a prospection approach which has dominated archaeological aerial survey for the past century. The resulting highly biased imagery is generally catalogued in sub-optimal (spatial) databases, if at all, after which a small selection of images is orthorectified and interpreted. For decades, this has been the standard approach. Although many innovations, including digital cameras, inertial units, photogrammetry and computer vision algorithms, geographic(al) information systems and computing power have emerged, their potential has not yet been fully exploited in order to re-invent -
Arcgis Online Will Change How You Think About Mapping and GIS Continued from Cover
ArcNews Esri | Summer 2012 | Vol. 34, No. 2 Strengthening the GIS Profession Using Web Maps to Tell Your Story David DiBiase, Director of Education, Industry Solutions, Esri For centuries, maps have been telling stories—chronicling discovery and conquest, documenting an understanding of the patterns and interrelationships that underlie human and natural systems. Is GIS a profession? If so, what’s its relationship to other professions in the geo- But only in the past few years have new technologies and new media vastly expanded the potential spatial fi eld? How can you tell if someone who calls herself a GIS profession- of maps to weave narratives. al—or a GIS educator for that matter—knows what she’s doing? You might be Maps are now interactive. Th ey enable and refl ect data analysis; they’re constantly updated; and surprised to learn that these are contentious questions in the United States and they’re enriched with multimedia content. Maps are newly supercharged by digital technologies: other parts of the world. Th ey’re contentious because the demand for GIS work GIS, the web, the cloud, and mobile communications. Now, maps can take users from globe to continued on page 4 street corner in seconds; they can dynamically show change over time; they can organize and pres- ent charts, graphs, photos, and video. With the swipe of a fi ngertip across a tablet, map users can compare one theme with another, ask questions of maps, add their own information to maps, and cast votes on maps. ArcGIS Online Will Change How continued on page 22 You Think About Mapping and GIS Th is month, Esri offi cially released ArcGIS Online for organizations. -
Digital Orthophoto Generation with Aerial Photos and Satellite Images and Analyzing of Factors Which Affect Accuracy
Digital Orthophoto Generation with Aerial Photos and Satellite Images and Analyzing of Factors which Affect Accuracy Eminnur AYHAN, Özlem ERDEN, Gülçin ATAY and Esra TUNÇ, Turkey Key words: Digital orthophoto, accuracy, DEM, land characteristic, satellite image, aerial photograph SUMMARY With the development of technology Digital photogrammetry has been started to be used widely in almost all area about mapping. Especially digital orthophotos which are a photogrammetric products, are being used common by lots of private sectors because of theirs easy interpretability. This has increased the demand on maps and has led to the need of researching on about accuracies. The resolution and the scale of the used aerial photos or satellite images, the quality and the scale of the DEM (Digital Elevation Model) and land topography are some of the factors that affect the accuracy of the orthophotos. The affects of the DEM and land topography on orthophoto accuracy have been investigated in this study. Firstly the affects of DEM on orthophoto maps which are produced either by aerial photos or satellite images has been investigated. Secondly, to determine the affect of topography on the process, some scanned aerial photos and the panchromatic (PAN) band of IKONOS satellite have been used. These scanned aerial photos are belong to the different regions in Turkey like Trabzon, Aydın, Tekirdağ ve Siirt, with different scales and resolutions (14μm-21μm) and they also represent different topography properties (rough, flat). Then the orthophoto maps, generated