Arcgis Online Will Change How You Think About Mapping and GIS Continued from Cover

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ArcNews Esri | Summer 2012 | Vol. 34, No. 2 Strengthening the GIS Profession Using Web Maps to Tell Your Story David DiBiase, Director of Education, Industry Solutions, Esri For centuries, maps have been telling stories—chronicling discovery and conquest, documenting an understanding of the patterns and interrelationships that underlie human and natural systems. Is GIS a profession? If so, what’s its relationship to other professions in the geo- But only in the past few years have new technologies and new media vastly expanded the potential spatial fi eld? How can you tell if someone who calls herself a GIS profession- of maps to weave narratives. al—or a GIS educator for that matter—knows what she’s doing? You might be Maps are now interactive. Th ey enable and refl ect data analysis; they’re constantly updated; and surprised to learn that these are contentious questions in the United States and they’re enriched with multimedia content. Maps are newly supercharged by digital technologies: other parts of the world. Th ey’re contentious because the demand for GIS work GIS, the web, the cloud, and mobile communications. Now, maps can take users from globe to continued on page 4 street corner in seconds; they can dynamically show change over time; they can organize and present charts, graphs, photos, and video. With the swipe of a fi ngertip across a tablet, map users can compare one theme with another, ask questions of maps, add their own information to maps, and cast votes on maps. ArcGIS Online Will Change How continued on page 22 You Think About Mapping and GIS

Th is month, Esri offi cially released ArcGIS Online for organizations. Th rough the purchase of an annual subscription, an organization gets a private instance of Esri’s secure, multitenant cloud that’s scalable and ready to use. No additional hardware or software has to be purchased or installed. It also gives users in the organization access to tools, basemaps, and other content to make and share maps and applications. City of Charlotte ArcGIS Online home continued on page 15 page to match its own brand.

Study Ranks Esri US Demographic Data Most Accurate

Many people assume that using accurate data is not a particularly important element of an overall project; however, incorrect data can negatively impact the results of any analysis and have dramatic consequences for aff ected populations. Data inaccuracies may occur either by overestimating or The swipe tool helps users quickly compare different maps—in this case, obesity and diabetes rates. Also, see the dramatic poster in the center of this magazine. underestimating populations or households. continued on page 20

$776 Million Saved During 18 Years King County Documents ROI of GIS

Home to Microsoft, Amazon.com, and Starbucks, King County, Washington, has a population close to two million people. GIS is critical to serving these citizens. Today, King County’s GIS program supports an estimated 1,000 county employees in 42 agencies who use GIS data and applications in their daily work. An economist at the University of Washington recently conducted a study measuring the return on investment (ROI) of the enterprise GIS program, which the county has operated for the past two decades. Th e study indicated that the county has accrued net benefi ts between $776 million and $1.7 billion during an 18-year King County’s My Commute map keeps period, with costs of about $200 million. citizens up-to-date on road closures and GIS applications help staff improve opera- traffi c conditions. tions in a wide range of departments, including the Department of Natural Resources and Parks almost 15 million hits a month from 150,000 (DNRP) and the Department of Community user sessions. and Human Services. Citizens also use GIS In addition to traditional GIS applications, frequently through public-facing maps like My the county uses GIS to support key campaigns Commute, which shows road closures and traf- like the Equity and Social Justice initiative. fi c conditions. Th e county estimates that its Th is agenda aims to ensure that the county popular iMap, which allows users to create cus- This simulated aerial view over Seattle can provide King County planners with an eye in tomized views of spatial information, receives the sky wherever they need one. (Created by Victor High, senior GIS analyst) continued on page 3 More ArcNews— GIS Education Made Easy Online-Only Articles

The Summer 2012 issue of ArcNews Online Amica Mutual Insurance Maps Real- (esri.com/arcnews) presents the following Time Data, Providing Better Service to special online-only articles: Policyholders

Florida’s Department of Transportation— Project Atlas Promotes Transparency and District 4 Turns to GIS for Better Project Progress for Puget Sound Restoration Management A Conversation with Carl Steinitz Charlotte Fire Department Links Live These days, conference travel and expenses are being slashed from budgets. Data, Multiple Systems Don’t fall behind on technology – attend our free webinars! Upcoming Topics Include: » What Would Steve Jobs Think About GIS Mapping Applications in the Mainstream? » Top 10 Ways to Streamline the User Experience for Your Geospatial Application » GIS-based Asset Management – From Citizen Request to Completed Work Order Featured in This Issue » GIS Program Maturity – Knock Down the Silos and Get to the Enterprise! » Ensuring High-quality GIS Data and Workflow Standardization 1 Strengthening the 34 Geodesign in Practice » So Many Choices, So Little Time – Developing a Mobile Framework for Your Organization GIS Profession » Cradle to Grave – Keeping your GIS and Spatial Applications Rock Solid by David DiBiase Visit webinars.timmonsgis.com to learn more. 24 Storytelling with Maps— Poster

Regular Columns and Departments 866.635.6951 | [email protected] | www.timmonsgis.com 6 More Top News 42 “Geo Learning” from Daniel C. Edelson 10 GIS Hero—Beth Timmons 42 Esri Partner Solutions 13 GIS Product News 43 “Managing GIS” from 26 GIS in Action URISA

40 Community News 44 New Training and Certification Offerings 41 “Crossing Borders” by from Esri Doug Richardson 45 Esri T-shirts Worldwide 41 URISA Announces 46 Career Opportunities 41 Esri Server Technology

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2 ArcNews Summer 2012 esri.com/arcnews $776 Million Saved During 18 Years King County Documents ROI of GIS continued from cover distributes services equitably and that all citi- versus without” approach. While costs for all zens experience fairness and equal opportunity. years were available, estimating benefi ts for the For example, GIS services help county leaders 18-year period was challenging. How opportuni- determine whether communities have enough ty cost was calculated had a substantial eff ect on parks and if social services are distributed the resultant ROI value. In addition, benefi ts are fairly to all neighborhoods. GIS is also used to GIS ROI Versus Cost for 2010 measured in outputs that are quantitatively and site waste transfer stations to ensure equity for qualitatively better with GIS, leading to increased county areas by not overloading them with cer- For the year 2010 alone, GIS cost demand for these outputs. Assigning a dollar val- tain types of facilities. the county $14.6 million, yet its ue to these more useful outputs is diffi cult. Th ese “Waste transfer station siting and disaster de- factors were expressed in the three estimates in bris planning are important,” says Gary Hocking, ROI was nearly $180 million. As net benefi ts between 1992 and 2010: a conser- King County Information Technology service de- many as 1,000 county employees vative estimate of net benefi t of approximately livery manager, who oversees GIS for the county. $776 million, a less conservative benefi t level of Like Hocking, Greg Babinski, King County use GIS data and applications in $1.76 billion, and the least conservative estimate GIS Center fi nance and marketing manager, their daily work. (Source: An of almost $5 billion. (See the original report for knows the GIS program provides value to users, a complete description of the methodology used: the county government, and citizens, but he Analysis of Bene t from Use of esriurl.com/KCROI.) wanted to see numbers. Net Bene t Geographic Information Systems “It’s important in this day and age in government to be able to validate your benefi ts and Determining Value $180 million by King County, Washington by provide cost-benefi t analysis for investments,” Babinski began talking with fellow URISA board Richard Zerbe and Associates.) says Hocking. “We had our own anecdotal evi- member and Oregon geographic information dence of the value of GIS, but now we have solid offi cer Cy Smith in 2008 about doing a return on evidence of that value.” investment study with an independent econo- King County chief information offi cer Bill mist to measure the ROI that has accrued as a Kehoe agrees and views the GIS service as a result of the King County GIS program. trailblazer for IT-based county services. “Our Th ose discussions led Babinski to the cost- GIS service is an example of a high-performing benefi t analysis work of Dr. Richard Zerbe, IT service that is providing a large amount of a renowned economist at the University of customer effi ciency for the investment,” he says. Washington and director of the UW Benefi t- “Th e GIS service is a model that we want all our Cost Analysis Center at the Evans School of services within King County IT to aspire to.” Public Aff airs. Zerbe agreed to conduct an ROI Th e ROI study doesn’t just validate King study on the county’s GIS program. He and his County’s investment in GIS; it also provides associates studied the 18-year period from the Cost of GIS strong evidence other governments can use beginning of the GIS program in 1992 until 2010, to show that GIS improves government opera- with Babinski participating in the study as the $14.6 million tions and delivers signifi cant value. project manager. King County and the State of Oregon cofunded the study. Smith explained To view the full ROI study, visit esriurl.com/ that an extensive literature review conducted understand the kinds of work GIS facilitates. Th e cost agencies to replicate their pre-GIS level of KCROI. For more information about King for the study indicated that no such study to team then sent a survey to employees to deter- output with GIS technology as well as the cost County Information Technology, contact Gary measure the accrued ROI for an enterprise GIS mine current production levels and the pre-GIS of replicating current GIS-aided production lev- Hocking, King County (e-mail: gary.hocking@ program had been done before. levels. One hundred seventy-fi ve GIS profession- els without GIS technology. kingcounty.gov), or visit www.kingcounty.gov/ To begin their research, Zerbe’s team met als and users responded to the survey. For 2010, for example, they determined that operations/it.aspx, or contact Chris Th omas, with county staff . Th ey conducted face-to-face Th e savings in time and eff ort were mon- the cost of GIS was $14.6 million and the net ben- Esri (e-mail: [email protected]). interviews with 30 county employees to gauge etized based on salary fi gures and full-time efi t was approximately $180 million. Th e study the role of GIS in various agencies and to better employee statistics to determine what it would by Richard Zerbe and Associates used a “with Location & Commerce

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esri.com/arcnews Cover Stories 3 Positioning & Analysis & Software & Application Strengthening the GIS Profession Data Acquisition Modeling Development continued from cover has surpassed the demand for other kinds of thought, I became convinced something more Professional Surveyors geospatial work, despite the fact that GIS is a rel- than competence is at stake. What’s at stake atively new branch of the fi eld. Th e rightful roles in the professionalization of GIS is the right of and qualifi cations of GIS pros are in dispute, and GIS practitioners—some of whom are my stu- GIS Professionals there’s competition for who gets to decide. dents—to work side by side as respected peers Do you consider yourself a GIS professional? with other geospatial professionals. Or are you thinking of becoming one? By GIS From the time that the US Department Geospatial Software Developers professional, I mean someone who makes a of Labor Employment and Training living through learned professional work (see Administration (DOLETA) showcased geospa- table below) that requires advanced knowledge tial technology as a high-growth industry, it The work roles of three geospatial professions cross boundaries of the geospatial indus- of geographic information systems and related warned that the absence of a coherent defi ni- try sectors and overlap one another. Each profession has a “center of mass” within one geospatial technologies, data, and methods. If tion and public awareness of the fi eld posed sector. Not all geospatial professions are depicted. that’s what you do, or what you might want to an obstacle to its growth. As the philosopher do, then you have a stake in the dispute. Your Michael Davis said, “Just as nobody likes a wise US geospatial workers in 2010, and nearly more Th e GIS profession’s center of mass is analysis right to make a living doing GIS work, your guy, nobody likes a defi nition” (2002). But to than one-third of new positions to be created and modeling. GIS professionals tend to be end ability to be part of an open and innovative defi ne something is, in a sense, to create it. I by 2020. Estimates of the size of the geospatial users of geospatial data and software. Th ey’re GIS community, and your chance to be part believe that the early crusaders and their suc- work force beyond the United States are harder employed in a wide range of allied industries, of something big that’s making a diff erence in cessors have helped create a fl ourishing GIS to fi nd, but some reckon that there were about such as natural resources, government, and the world all depend on how those contentious profession that is just now coming of age. two million professional GIS users worldwide in defense and intelligence. Th e character and questions are answered. 2005 (Longley et al. 2005). geographic distribution of GIS employment I’ve been interested in the professionalization Th e Geospatial Work Force Meanwhile, GIS employment prospects are diff ers from one industry to the next. However, of GIS work since Bill “Hux” Huxhold and oth- Until recently, we had to be content with anec- good in many locations. According to Richard the core responsibility of most GIS profession- ers raised these questions in the 1990s. Hux was, dotal evidence about the GIS profession’s size Serby, president of GeoSearch Inc., a leading als is to use specialized software technology to and is, a respected member of the GIS old guard. and scope. Reliable estimates of GIS employ- personnel recruitment fi rm specializing in the render actionable information from geospatial With his piercing blue eyes and close-cropped ment didn’t exist in the United States or most geospatial industry, employment opportuni- data. In addition, many GIS professionals also white hair, Hux looks a bit like Mr. Clean with anywhere else. However, the anecdotal evi- ties in most sectors have already rebounded to acquire and process geospatial data (within the eyeglasses. But unlike that cheerful ally of house- dence was enough to worry DOLETA and oth- prerecession levels in the United States, recov- constraints of government regulation over data keepers everywhere, Hux was mad in the late ers that work-force needs were growing faster ering faster than most other industries. Serby collection activities that pose risks to public 1990s, and he wasn’t going to take it anymore. than the capacity of the geospatial education points out that Indeed.com, which aggregates safety and welfare). Others design and imple- Hux was angry that there were no standards infrastructure. Good students tended to get job postings worldwide, listed more than 11,000 ment geospatial databases or develop custom- to ensure the qualifi cations of GIS profession- good jobs. Th en confi dence waned somewhat geospatial jobs just for the period February 15 ized software applications. als. “Can it be,” he asked, “that anyone can pass during the recession, when good jobs of every to March 15, 2012. Half of the geospatial jobs In this article, I defi ne GIS professional nar- himself off as a ‘GIS professional’?” Hux also kind became much harder to fi nd and keep. had GIS in their titles, and all but a few jobs in- rowly, as one who makes a living doing GIS work. railed at the absence of a formal quality control Th e size and scope of the GIS work force came cluded GIS in their requirements. Some object to scoping the fi eld so narrowly. mechanism for GIS education. “Can it be that into sharper focus when DOLETA established Directions Media editor in chief Joe Francica anyone can pass herself off as knowing what two new GIS occupations—geographic informa- Scoping the GIS Profession points out that “non-GIS people are becoming to teach GIS students?” To fi ll these gaps, Hux, tion scientists and technologists and GIS tech- In 2010, DOLETA issued a Geospatial more ‘location aware’ and thinking spatially.” Nancy Obermeyer, and a few others crusaded nicians—in late 2009 and when it identifi ed the Technology Competency Model (GTCM) that Gone are the days, Francica and others observe, for a formal professional certifi cation program core competencies of geospatial professionals in identifi es the specialized knowledge and abili- when knowledge workers had to rely on “the for GIS professionals. Hux convinced the Urban 2010. Along with the new occupation defi nitions ties that successful geospatial professionals map guy” to provide location-based informa- and Regional Information Systems Association came the fi rst rough estimates of the size and possess. Th e GTCM is useful for geospatial tion. Now “everyone is becoming a ‘map guy.’” (URISA) to establish a certifi cation committee growth of the US GIS work force. workers, who can use it to guide their continu- Even so, neither widespread access to mapping to study the problem and recommend a solu- Th e employment estimates and growth pro- ing professional development plans. Employers capabilities nor crowdsourced or “volunteered” tion. He also argued for a formal accreditation jections in the accompanying table don’t add up can use it for job descriptions and interviews. geographic information have displaced GIS pro- program for GIS in higher education. because some estimates overlap. However, even Students can use the GTCM to assess what fessionals. On the contrary, as the employment when the overlaps are accounted for, the esti- they know, what they need to learn, and which estimates above suggest, the demand for GIS Creating the GIS Profession mates are still impressive: nearly 425,000 geo- educational programs fi t their needs. Educators professionals seems to be increasing even as lo- I was an educator at Penn State University at spatial professionals were employed in 2010 in can use it to assess how well their curricula cation awareness proliferates. the time, and these arguments made a strong the United States, DOLETA work force analysts align with work force needs. And certifi cation impression on me. Like many other educa- say, and almost 150,000 additional positions will and accreditation bodies can use it as a basis for GIS as a Learned Profession tors, I was skeptical about the potential of be created by 2020. Signifi cantly, the two GIS their requirements. Th e GTCM is freely avail- Not everyone agrees that a GIS profession exists. certifi cation and accreditation to ensure com- occupations account for the largest share of able for use and reuse, without restriction, at Debates about whether GIS qualifi es as a true petence and quality. But the more I read and those employment estimates—about half of all www.careeronestop.org/competencymodel. profession date back more than 20 years. Today, In addition to 43 essential competencies however, by almost any defi nition, there’s not Occupation Estimated Projected Projected common to most of the geospatial occupations, much room left for debate. Consider, for exam- Employment Growth Growth Rate the GTCM identifi es 19–24 essential competen- ple, the defi nition of learned professional in the (2010) (2010–20) (2010–20) cies for each of three industry sectors: position- US Department of Labor’s Fair Labor Standards ing and data acquisition, analysis and modeling, Act (FLSA). To qualify as a learned professional Geospatial Information Scientists 210,000 51,600 3%–9% and software and application development. Th e under FLSA, a worker’s primary duties must and Technologists* sectors represent “clusters of worker competen- require advanced knowledge, involving the “ex- Geographic Information Systems 210,000 51,600 3%–9% cies associated with the three major categories ercise of discretion and judgment.” Advanced Technicians* of geospatial industry products and services.” knowledge “must be in a fi eld of science or Th e diagram above shows the scope of respon- learning” (comparable to the traditional profes- Remote-Sensing Scientists and 30,000 13,300 3%–9% sibilities for three geospatial professions in rela- sions of medicine, law, theology, accounting, Technologists* tion to the industry sectors and to one another. engineering, teaching, and others) and “must be Remote-Sensing Technicians* 62,000 33,500 10%–19% Debates about the rightful roles of GIS profes- customarily acquired by a prolonged course of sionals arise because their activities tend to over- specialized intellectual instruction.” Precision Agriculture Technicians* 62,000 33,500 10%–19% lap those of other geospatial professions. Overlaps Geodetic Surveyors* 51,000 24,200 20%–28% cause tensions but also aff ord opportunities for Advanced Knowledge Surveyors 51,000 24,200 20%–28% cooperation. J. Alison Butler, an experienced and Th e advanced knowledge that distinguishes the outspoken champion of the GIS profession, points GIS profession is now well defi ned. Th e fi rst com- Surveying Technicians 57,000 20,000 10%–19% out that overlaps tend to be complementary. For prehensive attempt to specify the knowledge Mapping Technicians 57,000 20,000 10%–19% example, professional surveyors and GIS profes- that characterizes the broad geospatial fi eld Cartographers and 14,000 6,100 20%–28% sionals do many similar things but usually at dif- was the University Consortium for Geographic Photogrammetrists ferent geographic scales (“Surveyors work at a 1:1 Information Science’s (UCGIS) Geographic scale,” Butler says, in contrast with GIS profession- Information Science and Technology Body of Totals ~424,000 ~148,700 als, who “work at smaller scales and do not need Knowledge (2006). Building on that founda- *New occupations established in late 2009. The geospatial software programmer is not yet recognized as a distinct occupation. to be so precise.”). And although professional roles tional work, DOLETA issued the GTCM in 2010. Estimated 2010 US employment for 10 geospatial occupations, along with projected overlap, each geospatial profession exhibits a dis- As discussed above, DOLETA also provides de- employment growth through 2020. (Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, available at tinctive “center of mass,” or concentration within tailed descriptions of 10 geospatial occupations, onetonline.org) one sector (see diagram above). including geospatial information scientists and

4 ArcNews Summer 2012 esri.com/arcnews 3. Join and be actively involved in one or more organizations that advance the interests of the GIS profession. Wise employers will help support your participation. If you don’t enjoy such support in your job, participate anyway and look for a better job.

4. Be able to explain the nature of your profession, its history, and its code of ethics.

5. Cultivate respectful working relationships with colleagues in kindred professions. Participate in eff orts to increase cooperation among the geospatial professions but stand up for your profession when its legitimacy is chal- lenged. Keep in mind that your adversaries are usually not your professional colleagues but rather the lobbyists and lawyers who stand to gain the most by monopolistic regulations.

6. Volunteer for GIS activities that benefi t society. Help increase public awareness on GIS Day (www.gisday.com). Become a mentor for a schoolteacher who wants to teach with GIS (edcommunity.esri.com/geomentor). technologists and geographic information sys- Certifi cation and Licensure in the shared beliefs and aspirations of mature Volunteer to serve on an industry advisory tems technicians. Another distinguishing characteristic of profes- professions like medicine, the law, and even board for a GIS certifi cate and/or degree pro- sions is specialized certifi cation or licensure. accounting. Darrell Pugh, the author so often gram at a nearby higher education institution. Specialized Education We typically think of these as mechanisms to cited for his checklist of the defi ning traits of Encourage such programs to use the GTCM to Formal, specialized education is commonly in- ensure that individual practitioners are com- professions, includes one he calls a “social ideal.” assess their curricula and students and to em- cluded in GIS job requirements and is required petent and trustworthy. However, another way For Michael Davis, serving a shared “moral ide- brace accreditation. for GIS professional (GISP) certifi cation. Many to think about certifi cation is as a road map for al” is a defi ning characteristic of all professions. thousands of students now pursue specialized continuing professional development. GISCI Physician and ethicist John W. Lewis argues 7. Articulate a “moral ideal” for GIS that ex- certifi cates and degrees in GIS at colleges and has conferred its GISP certifi cation on more that a profession’s “core product and service is presses your professional commitment to universities worldwide. Some 7,000 colleges and than 5,000 professionals who document suffi - [its] pledge to put the interests of others ahead society. universities worldwide—including over 85 per- cient formal education, experience, and contri- of [its] own while providing [its] specifi c ser- cent of the institutions included in Th e T i es m of butions to the profession. To qualify for renewal vices.” At the 2012 Esri Partner Conference, Jack So, what’s your moral ideal? London’s ranking of the top 400 institutions— of certifi cation, GISPs must document continu- Dangermond reminded attendees “we have maintain low-cost education licenses of Esri’s ing formal education and contributions. Th ese a driving purpose to make a diff erence in the About the Author ArcGIS software. And since Esri made free, one- requirements strengthen the profession by en- w orl d .” David DiBiase is Esri’s director of education in- year educational software licenses available for suring that professionals “keep current in the How can the GIS profession advance society’s dustry solutions. Before joining Esri in 2011, he individual student use in fall 2005, over 450,000 fi eld through . . . professional development” (GIS interests? What is the GIS profession’s moral founded the Penn State Online master’s degree students worldwide have requested DVDs or Code of Ethics Item II. 1.). ideal? For starters, here’s my suggestion: and certifi cate programs in GIS. As a member downloaded the software. Th e availability of Unlike the state licensure required for proof URISA’s Certifi cation Committee, he helped no-cost ArcGIS software that students can use fessional surveyors in the United States, GISP Th e GIS profession’s moral ideal is to apply design the criteria by which more than 5,000 on their personal computers has helped edu- certifi cation remains voluntary (though one geospatial technologies and spatial think- GISPs have been certifi ed. He is a past president cational institutions off er advanced GIS edu- state, South Carolina, requires that surveyors ing to design sustainable futures for people of GISCI. cation online for adult learners who can’t put who use GIS be licensed as “GIS surveyors”). In and places everywhere. their lives on hold to participate in traditional part, this diff erence is due to the fact that GIS For more information, contact David DiBiase campus-based education. is a much younger profession than surveying. Challenges (e-mail: [email protected]). GIS seems clearly to qualify as a learned However, recent developments suggest that GIS Th e GIS profession is relatively young. It has profession under the FLSA defi nition. Th e ad- certifi cation may not remain voluntary for long. weaknesses and faces some very real threats. References vanced knowledge that distinguishes the pro- According to Max Baber of the US Geospatial Some critics question the profession’s legitima- Butler, J. A. (2008). “Redefi ning Who We fession is well defi ned. Prolonged courses of Intelligence Foundation, the US undersecre- cy, citing the facts that GIS professional certi- Are.” Professional Surveyor Magazine, April. specialized intellectual instruction are widely tary for defense intelligence has mandated a fi cation remains voluntary and that no formal www.profsurv.com/magazine/article. available, attracting large and increasing num- formal policy for certifi cation of geospatial ana- GIS accreditation process is in place to hold aspx?i=2117. bers of enrollments. lysts. Th e policy is to be in place at the National colleges and universities accountable. Others Geospatial-Intelligence Agency by September seek to monopolize the use of GIS and related Davis, Michael (2002). Profession, Code, and Professional Ethics in GIS 2012. Baber believes that GIS professionals in technologies through government regulation. Ethics. Burlington, VT: Ashgate. Professions are more than just occupations, and the civilian side of government may be aff ected Given these challenges, GIS professionals need the distinction involves more than just special- in the longer term. It appears that GIS certifi ca- to do everything we can—individually and col- GIS Certifi cation Institute. Code of Ethics and ized knowledge and education. One of the dis- tion is fi nally taking root. lectively—to strengthen our profession. Rules of Conduct. www.gisci.org. tinguishing characteristics of a profession is its specialized code of professional ethics. GIS Professional Organizations Seven Th ings Every GIS Professional Can Do Lewis, John W. (2001). Ethics and the Learned In the early 1990s, Will Craig—another pio- Another characteristic of GIS and other profes- to Strengthen Our Field Professions (white paper). Th e Institute for neer of urban and regional information systems sions is specialized membership organizations 1. Become certifi ed as a GISP or its equivalent Global Ethics. www.globalethics.org/fi les/ and GIS—pointed out the need for a code for the dedicated to advancement of the profession. (depending on where you are and what you do). wp_professions.pdf/20. GIS profession and set out to write one. Craig Such organizations typically aim to serve mem- Professional certifi cation is a public commit- began by examining the existing codes in use bers through continuing professional development to competence, ethical practice, and con- Longley, P. A., M. F. Goodchild, D. J. Maguire, in other fi elds. He found “surprising similarity” ment opportunities and through advocacy on tinuing professional development. (Technical and D. W. Rhind (2005). Geographic Information among them. Most refl ected a “duty-” or “obli- their behalf in the policy arena. (A list of organi- certifi cations like Esri’s are valuable, too, but Systems and Science. 2nd ed. Chichester, UK: gations-based” approach to ethics. “Obligations zations for geospatial professionals is available are no substitute for professional certifi cation.) Wiley. to society,” he observed, “usually override other at edcommunity.esri.com.) Voluntary, active Formalizing that commitment, and fulfi lling it considerations” in the codes he studied. At its participation in such organizations is one ex- throughout your career, is one of the most sig- Obermeyer, Nancy J. (2007). “GIS: Th e founding in 2004, the GIS Certifi cation Institute ample of what GISCI means by “contributions nifi cant things you can do to strengthen your Maturation of a Profession.” Cartography and (GISCI) endorsed the GIS Code of Ethics he to the profession.” profession. And the larger your GIS professional Geographic Information Science 34, no. 2: 129–32. completed (with help from many members of community grows, the better your chances to the GIS community) and later developed its Toward a Moral Ideal for GIS control your own destiny. US Department of Labor (revised 2008). own complementary Rules of Conduct. To qual- Th e GIS fi eld has all the trappings of a profes- “Fact Sheet #17D: Exemption for Professional ify for certifi cation as a GISP, applicants must sion, including a distinctive body of advanced 2. Map out a professional development plan Employees Under the Fair Labor Standards pledge to uphold the code and rules. Coming to knowledge, specialized educational off erings, that includes continuing formal education and Act (FLSA).” www.dol.gov/whd/regs/ terms with its ethical challenges is another sign a code of professional ethics, mechanisms contributions to the profession. Whether you compliance/fairpay/fs17d_professional.pdf. of a profession that is coming of age. for professional certifi cation, and specialized opt in to certifi cation or not, use the require- membership organizations. What’s lacking is ments for renewal of GISP certifi cation—and a certain ethos—a characteristic spirit evident the GTCM—as guides. esri.com/arcnews Cover Stories 5 More Top News Will Breadfruit Solve the World Hunger Crisis? New Developments in an Innovative Food Crop By Matthew P. Lucas and Diane Ragone, National Tropical Botanical Garden

Non-Governmental Highlights NGO Organization Using ArcGIS, monthly rainfall and temperature data was represented low-maintenance life, breadfruit was spread on maps. throughout the tropical Pacific by intrepid voy- ArcGIS was used to create a map agers. Hawaii is one of the many island chains indicating areas of the globe ripe where breadfruit, or ulu in Hawaiian, was cul- for growing breadfruit. tivated as a major staple. It is fitting that now The results can help guide potential Hawaii is home to the headquarters of an breadfruit-growing countries organization devoted to promoting the con- in planning and implementing servation and use of breadfruit for food and re- planting projects. forestation around the world. The Breadfruit Institute, within the nonprofit A map can be a powerful visual tool, but can a National Tropical Botanical Garden (NTBG), is map help solve world hunger, rejuvenate agri- a major center for the tree’s conservation and re- cultural soil, and prevent mosquito-borne in- search of more than 120 varieties from through- fections? Can a map help slow global warming out the Pacific, making it the world’s largest and spur sustainable economic development in repository of breadfruit. As a result of this work, tropical regions around the world? Perhaps a the institute has received requests from numer- map alone can’t do these things, but a map can ous countries seeking quality breadfruit variet- Different varieties of breadfruit are conserved in the world’s largest collection of bread- help display the real potential of a very special ies for tree-planting projects. To address this fruit at the Breadfruit Institute in Hawaii. (Photo credit: © Jim Wiseman, courtesy of the tree, the breadfruit. need, the Breadfruit Institute has developed in- Breadfruit Institute) Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is a tropical novative propagation methods, making it pos- tree originally from Papua New Guinea with a sible to produce and ship thousands, or even rich and storied history. This starchy staple crop millions, of breadfruit plants anywhere in the has been grown in the Pacific for close to 3,000 world. years and was first introduced to other tropical These breadfruit tree-planting projects can regions more than 200 years ago. The trees are help alleviate hunger and support sustainable easy to grow and thrive under a wide range of agriculture, agroforestry, and income genera- ecological conditions, producing abundant, nu- tion. Most of the world’s one billion hungry peo- tritious food for decades without the labor, fer- ple live in the tropics—the same region where tilizer, and chemicals used to grow field crops. breadfruit can be grown. However, as Dr. Diane These multipurpose trees improve soil con- Ragone, author and director of the Breadfruit ditions and protect watersheds while providing Institute, has learned, stating these facts and food, timber, and animal feed. All parts of the illustrating them are two very different things. tree are used—even the male flowers, which are A strong realization is made when a person dried and burned to repel mosquitoes. Because sees the data from the United Nations Food of its multiple uses and long, productive, and Agriculture Organization global map on

This Hunger map is based on the 2011 Global Hunger Index score displayed per country.

world hunger (www.fao.org/hunger) coupled with a map showing areas suitable for growing breadfruit. It was originally this type of powerful visual aid Ragone wanted when she began working with NTBG’s GIS coordinator and coauthor Matthew Lucas. To create such a map, Lucas began by constructing a model within ArcGIS using WorldClim (www.worldclim.org) 30-second resolution global raster datasets of interpolated climate conditions compiled from the past 50 years (Hijmans et al. 2005). With the GIS, monthly rainfall and temperature data was condensed into total annual rainfall, mean annual temperature, and minimum and maximum annual temperature. Then, the annual climate data was reclassified. “Suitable” and “best” ranges of rainfall and temperature were identified after referring to the breadfruit profile written by Ragone for Traditional Trees of Pacific Islands (Elevitch 2006). The best ranges in mean temperature and rainfall were given a value of 2, whereas Map showing zones of “best” and “suitable” growing conditions for breadfruit. suitable conditions were given a value of 1; conditions that were deemed too low or high were

6 ArcNews Summer 2012 esri.com/arcnews given a value of -10. ArcGIS was used to combine all the reclassified climate datasets. The final output resulted in a global dataset that now displayed areas deemed unsuitable for growing breadfruit as < 0, areas assumed suitable with a value of < 4 and > 0, and best areas with a value of 4. This data was displayed in combination with 2011 Global Hunger Index scores entered into a vector dataset of countries. The resultant map helps the viewer see the real potential breadfruit development could have for tropical regions. With this new visual aid completed, Ragone and Josh Schneider, cofounder of Cultivaris/ Global Breadfruit, a horticultural partner that propagates breadfruit trees for global distribution, attended the World Food Prize sympo- sium in October 2011. The breadfruit suitability map was shared with Calestous Juma, professor of the practice of international development and director of the Science, Technology, and Globalization Project at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at the Harvard Kennedy School. Juma has extensive experience and contacts in Africa. Breadfruit is extremely productive, producing an average of 150–200 and up to as many as 600 nutritious fruits per season. The map was also shared with the former president of Nigeria, Obasanjo Olusegun. It was at Olusegun’s invitation that Schneider vis- amount of area each country has that is suitable About the Authors Citations ited Nigeria and met with government officials and best for growing breadfruit. Matthew Lucas is the GIS coordinator for the Hijmans, R. J., S. E. Cameron, J. L. Parra, and researchers to discuss breadfruit planting It became clear that this map, the data, and Conservation Department at the National P. G. Jones, and A. Jarvis (2005). “Very High projects. Due to the relatively fine scale (1 km) the ArcGIS methodology used to construct Tropical Botanical Garden. As a graduate of Resolution Interpolated Climate Surfaces for of the original datasets, a more detailed map it provided not only a powerful visual aid but the University of Hawaii, Hilo, Department of Global Land Areas.” International Journal of of Nigeria showing areas suitable for growing also a useful research tool. Armed with these Geography, Lucas hails from a conservation Climatology 25:1965–1978. breadfruit, along with roads and cities, was an maps and the information they convey, Lucas background where he uses models and maps to invaluable tool during discussions. and Ragone are continuing to pair what has guide more efficient decision making and prob- Ragone, D. (2006). “Artocarpus altilis (bread- The World Food Prize meeting also spurred been learned about breadfruit cultivation with lem solving. Diane Ragone, PhD, is director of fruit).” In Traditional Trees of Pacific Islands. other similar country-specific maps that ArcGIS to help understand and display future the Breadfruit Institute at the National Tropical Elevitch, C. R. (ed). Holualoa, HI: Permanent have been created and shared with organiza- breadfruit potential. They are currently working Botanical Garden. She is an authority on the Agroforestry Resources, 85–100. Available at tions and individuals working in Haiti, Ghana, on a climate change analysis that uses predict- conservation and use of breadfruit and has www.traditionaltree.org. Jamaica, Central America, and China. The maps ed climate datasets of various future climate conducted horticultural and ethnobotanical provide government officials, foundations, and models and scenarios in an attempt to quantify studies in more than 50 islands in Micronesia, Von Grebmer, K., M. Torero, T. Olofinbiyi, et al. potential donors with clear information about areas that would have the highest likelihood Polynesia, and Melanesia. (2011). “2011 Global Hunger Index: The Challenge the potential of breadfruit in specific areas. of sustainable breadfruit development. They of Hunger: Taming Price Spikes and Excessive The maps have spurred the question, What are also working on publishing an online map For more information about the Breadfruit Food Price Volatility.” International Food Policy other countries are best suited for growing displaying global breadfruit growing potential. Institute and NTBG, visit www.ntbg.org/ Research Institute, Bonn. Available at www.ifpri. breadfruit? ArcGIS was used to combine the Finally, it is the hope of the Breadfruit Institute breadfruit. To help support the work of the org/sites/default/files/publications/ghi11. breadfruit suitability data with a vector layer of and NTBG that future breadfruit development institute and breadfruit tree-planting proj- pdf. country borders. This not only resulted in a list will be expanded and that ArcGIS will help ects, visit ntbg.org/breadfruit/donate/ of countries that could possibly grow breadfruit guide potential breadfruit-growing countries in plantatree.php. For more information on but also made it easy to identify and rank the planning and implementing planting projects Global Breadfruit and how you can help, visit of this very special tree. www.globalbreadfruit.com.

esri.com/arcnews More Top News 7 An Interview with Jack Dangermond URISA at 50 URISA—the Urban and more commercial aura with a strong trade show Regional Information emphasis. And as the GIS industry began to Systems Association— shake out, the trade show business fell off , and will celebrate its attendance also declined. Discussions shifted 50th anniversary at to planning, organization, implementation, and the 2012 GIS-Pro policy issues. Likewise, the original core people Jack Dangermond Conference in Portland, who had founded or nurtured URISA as a venue Oregon, September 30–October 4. Here, Jack for sharing ideas and best practices continued Dangermond shares memories of URISA’s to come and dialog. I liked this. URISA gradu- early years, as well as thoughts about its fu- ally became one of the homes where GIS profes- ture. Dangermond earned URISA’s Horwood sionals could get together and discuss issues. Distinguished Service Award in 1988. URISA: Which URISA people come to mind URISA: How and why did you get who really made a diﬀ erence in the GIS fi eld? involved with URISA? Dangermond: URISA’s founder, Horwood, was a Dangermond: I was a young graduate of the big infl uence on me. He was also a really fun guy. Harvard Lab when Alan Schmidt advised me to Horwood liked the idea of using computational attend the 1969 URISA meeting in Los Angeles. methods for doing transportation planning. He I wasn’t really sure what URISA was, but I trav- especially liked getting people together to share about urban information systems. His think- methods within cities around the country. Th is eled to the meetings for three days and met their experiences in urban information systems. ing, writing, and presentations led to a Housing got the private sector interested in selling hard- many interesting people. It was there I fi rst met Dial was another key visionary and infl u- and Urban Development program that funded ware, software, and services to build these ex- Ed Horwood, Tom Palmerlee, Bob Aangenbrug, encer. He pushed some of the early thinking experiments in implementing automated perimental systems. Bob Dial, and other people who introduced me to early concepts of urban information systems. At that time, there were a lot of innovative people and organizations thinking about urban information systems in the Los Angeles area, and many of them showed up at the URISA meeting, for example, the Community Analysis Bureau (CAB) in the city and the Southern California Regional Information Study (SCRIS), an outgrowth of the Census Use Study activities sponsored by the Census Bureau in New Haven, Connecticut. People I remember meeting were Caby Smith, Matt Jaro, Ross Hall, Lee Johnson, Al Evans, Ken Duecker, and Mike Kevany. Th ey were playing around with everything from the fi rst generation of ADMATCH address geocoding and census DIME fi les to transportation modeling. I realized this was a special meeting where public-sector people, private consultants, and entrepreneurs were mixing and shar- A HIGHER DEGREE OF ing ideas about applications of computers and information systems within local government. I discovered that URISA wasn’t just another academic conference. It was a place where professional relationships were established and GIS CAREER SUCCESS new concepts were discussed. In those days, the atmosphere of the meetings was highly charged and competitive. People were actively trying to forward their vision, create business, and get business. At least a third of the participants were consultants like me, who talked about their off erings and wares in various sessions. BACHELOR OF SCIENCE I got one small computer mapping job for ACCREDITED the 1970 election campaign for George Leyland, GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS with whom I’d worked at Harvard and who ONLINE later became head of the Federal Emergency & Management Agency. FLEXIBLE

URISA: How did URISA evolve as the ASSOCIATE OF SCIENCE AFFORDABLE GIS industry matured? GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS Dangermond: I liked URISA because it provided a forum of colleagues where a young professional and entrepreneur like me could share my work. People were genuinely interested and would give me feedback. We talked about technology and approaches to the kinds of problem solving that eventually became known as urban GIS. Th is kind of open culture of sharing and learning fl ourished, especially during the 1970s and early 1980s. Around 1982 or 1983, URISA decided to invite vendors to exhibit at the annual meeting. At that point, the complexion of URISA began to change. By the late 1980s, URISA had become identi- 866.922.5695 l [email protected] l www.americansentinel.edu/ARCBSGIS fi ed with local government GIS. Th e membership grew dramatically into the thousands. But at the same time, the association took on a

8 ArcNews Summer 2012 esri.com/arcnews Dial was one of the fi rst to envision how the URISA: Why did URISA gravitate to GIS? multiple fi efdoms in cities could share common databases. I grabbed that notion personally Dangermond: URISA was, in a sense, one of to drive some of the concepts of urban GIS in the birthplaces of information system technol- the early days of ArcInfo, and it really worked. I ogy for local governments. Th is was a hot topic credit Scott Morehouse for listening to my rants at the time—kind of like social networking is and systematically implementing a toolbox today. Remember that the best computers we of tools that could be customized (using ARC had were huge, very expensive mainframes, and Macro Language) to build application views to a there really wasn’t much of a database manage- common, shared database. We saw eager adop- ment technology at all. IMS [IBM’s mainframe tion—by planning departments, public works, system] was a hierarchical data structure and land records organizations, and environmental considered the best of breed. Th is technology agencies—of this vision of sharing a common was designed primarily for accounting systems GIS database. and fi nancial back-offi ce work. In those days, Duane Marble was another early leader. if you put simple things like property records Marble brought in systematic user needs as- into a database and could get lists of them, it sessment methodology and later the whole was rocket science. So there was a need for a concept of doing geographic and GIS research forum where people could come together and in the academy. All this activity eventually led to share, because computers and information sys- the National Center for Geographic Information tems were so new. Only a few people in trans- Analysis at Santa Barbara, California; Buff alo, portation and urban planning were interested New York; and Maine. Marble’s research think- in computational approaches and database ap- ing, together with that of Aangenbrug and proaches. URISA brought these people together. Left and above: Jack Dangermond produced these drawings by hand for the 1979 URISA Roger Tomlinson, and others, helped balance When GIS began to emerge as a commer- conference. Here he looked into the future with 1980 as a near-future milestone. out the somewhat aggressive commercial forc- cial product in the late 1970s and early 1980s, es that were pushing URISA along. it attracted more people from more organizations. Th ey were excited to discover that GIS was a real information system just like an accounting system or a fi nancial system or a permitting system, all of which had already been commercialized. So the introduction of a commercial off -the-shelf platform for sale from multiple vendors caused a stir and a lot of common interest. People and organizations wanted to buy these products because they saw their value, and there was lots of competition during the 1980s and 1990s for brands from diff erent vendors.

URISA: Do you think Esri’s User Conference has aﬀ ected URISA?

Perhaps. As more organizations purchased and implemented this software, some of those who attended URISA to help select a platform now attend our conference because of its strong emphasis on supporting users with technol- Your most valuable assets walk in and out the door every day. ogy refreshers and training. What the User Conference does not replace is a forum for dis- Send your GIS with them. cussion of data policies, professional standards, new methods, new approaches—the kinds of conversations that URISA was known for. The NeW TRIMBLe JUNO URISA: Looking ahead, URISA has proposed a new emphasis on GIS management. What’s your perspective on this potential new role?

IT NO LONGER TAKES A GIS EXPERT Dangermond: Today, GIS is maturing as a TO ADD EXPERTISE TO YOUR GIS technology and as a profession, and GIS operations within organizations are maturing as well. They may not be GIS experts, but with the new Trimble® Th ere’s a need for a forum to bring together the Juno® handhelds, your mobile workforce is your secret to multiplying GIS field expertise across your organization. professionals who are responsible for managing large, complex GIS operations. URISA is the This rugged compact device replaces paper notes and logical place where managers come together to sketches from various departments with GPS data and talk about how to use new technology and new geotagged digital images in real time—improve the scope methods to make cities better places. and accuracy of your GIS with every report. I have, year after year, supported URISA Simple and reliable, straight from the box, the new because I believe it’s one of the best places Juno handheld is the latest innovation from Trimble to where local government professionals can get help you get more out of the field and into your GIS than together and discuss their common interests ever before. with respect to information system technology. It was certainly one of the birthplaces of urban For product demo and pricing: Esri.com/trimbleoffers GIS and continues to have much to off er its members. Be sure to visit Trimble at During URISA’s fi rst two or three decades, Esri International User Conference 2012. there was perhaps a greater spirit of excite- Booth #1615 ment when the meetings were held. URISA’s number-one asset was its ability to get people together to share ideas, renew old friendships, have a chance to share their work, get acknowl- edgment from friends, network, and also have a great party. Th ese were the magical ingredients that kept URISA alive through thick and thin. © 2012, Trimble Navigation Limited. All rights reserved. Trimble, the Globe & Triangle logo, and Juno are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited, registered in the United States and in other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. MGIS-022 Reengaging that spirit is what’s needed. And the 50th anniversary conference in Portland this October is a good time and place to start. esri.com/arcnews More Top News 9 A self-proclaimed volunteer freak, GIS Hero Timmons contributes to the Oregon Framework Implementation Team for Emergency Preparedness, the Volunteering Is Heroic Region 10 Regional Response Team for Oil Spill Response, and the West Beth Timmons Coast Regional Ocean and Coastal Data Framework for Ocean and Coastal Health. She also started a local GIS user GIS professionals under- group. A few years ago, she got together stand workfl ows, devel- with some other GIS users at the lo- opment, and technology. cal pizza restaurant to talk about GIS. Th ey are profi cient prob- Th is GIS social continues to be a regular lem solvers who under- event that gives local users an opportu- stand how to analyze nity to learn from their peers, share tips and approach a project, and tricks, and get advice. plan it, complete it, and Timmons enjoys her natural resource educate others. Many of these on-the-job skills GIS day job but says that it is hard to can be applied to helping a local organization or ask a job to be 100 percent fulfi lling. She community better address its concerns and meet fi nds her volunteer work to be highly its goals. GIS volunteers apply their talents in gratifying and encourages other profes- ways that make huge diff erences. Esri acknowl- Beth Timmons is a GIS volunteer for the US Coast Guard. District 13 needed to identify its sionals to get involved locally. edges the work of many volunteers by highlight- personnel in the event of an emergency, so Timmons digitized information from the Command Timmons off ered suggestions for get- ing one of them, Beth Timmons, as a GIS Hero. Center’s three-ring binders. ting started as a GIS volunteer in a local Timmons is a full-time GIS professional em- community: ployed by GeoLogics as a contractor for Natural for map display. If the Coast Guard receives a create a geoenabled PDF so that staff can get Resource GIS in Corvallis, Oregon. She also distress call, the user sees the location on a map accustomed to a GIS map using familiar Adobe • Join the US Coast Guard Auxiliary and be- serves in the volunteer branch of the US Coast along with contact information about the near- Reader skills. Once they are comfortable, she come part of its GIS team. Guard, where she donates her GIS expertise est volunteer to call and get visual verifi cation. moves them to ArcGIS Explorer or ArcReader. • Attend a city council meeting and listen for an average of 50 hours per month. Along with Other key projects Timmons has created Th e next step is working with them to use GIS. opportunities to use GIS skills. having expertise in soil and GIS, which is highly are a geoenabled PDF of tribal fi shing zones Coast Guard personnel move every few years. • Reach out to small cities that don’t have a GIS valued by GeoLogics, Timmons has experience and a Coast Guard Auxiliary personnel loca- Timmons not only trains new people who ro- and off er assistance. and is very interested in using GIS for emer- tor; the latter is used should members be in tate into a position; she also provides stability • Do a simple project, such as mapping culvert gency response. She looked for opportunities a disaster area and need assistance. She also to the organization. Moreover, the people she locations using existing data. Create the PDF with the Coast Guard to see if it needed her GIS mapped accidents and fatalities in inland lakes has trained take these skills to their next assign- and send it to the department’s manager. skills. Th e answer was a resounding “Yes!” and waterways to show Coast Guard personnel ment. Th ey may even become GIS evangelists • Talk with the fi re department. Perhaps you District 13 of the Coast Guard includes the most dangerous locations. Her crab trap at their next assignment, saying something like, can help improve its response system. Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington. Th e project convinced people not to lower traps “In District 13 we could just turn on this layer • Check in with city or county park depart- Coast Guard has an enterprise license agree- into the shipping lane. Traps get caught in pro- and do such and such.” ments. Put a department’s data layers over a ment with Esri for ArcGIS but doesn’t have the pellers and rudders and jam steering mecha- GeoLogics, where Timmons works, also ben- basemap from ArcGIS Online and give park trained staff it needs to take full advantage of nisms. Overlaying a nautical chart with Oregon efi ts from her volunteerism. “On my volunteer staff a planning map to post on a wall. it. Rolling up her sleeves, Timmons began by Department of Fish and Wildlife data, she cre- projects, I get to do GIS the way I want to do leveraging the existing datasets to create geo- ated a map that shows that the best crabbing GIS,” says Timmons. “Working on these proj- “I believe everyone should volunteer at some spatial products that staff could use on their spots are actually outside the channel. ects has increased my GIS skills because I have level,” Timmons says. “We can use our GIS skills desktops. For example, she worked with the Th e benefi ts to the Coast Guard staff extend had the freedom to explore other options and to do even a tiny project, such as overlaying Citizens Action Network, a group of local vol- far beyond the maps Timmons has produced. come up with a better way of doing something. I fl ood zone data on the town’s topography and unteers who have a view of waterways and can She has saved it money by explaining how to have learned what works and what doesn’t. Th is creating a PDF. It could make a big diff erence.” confi rm problems that have been called into the use its existing system to solve a problem rather makes me a better employee. I can say, ‘I can do Coast Guard. She digitized information from than buy new technology. One of her roles has that because I have already done it for a volun- For more information, contact Beth Timmons the pages of the Command Center’s three-ring been to train staff members to use ArcGIS on teer project.’ Th e proof of concept has already (e-mail: [email protected]). binder and turned these into a geospatial layer their desktops. Her teaching process is fi rst to been completed.”

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10 ArcNews Summer 2012 esri.com/arcnews Beyond Visualizing Spending, the Application Enables Reporting of Fraud and Waste Mobile Application Illustrates US Recovery Projects

Citizens can now use their smartphones to see Board, “we have to stay current and keep up just how the United States government is spend- with the ways people are accessing information ing stimulus funds from the American Recovery and communicating. You can really get to a lot and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA). Shortly of information from the app. It’s very easy for ArcNews after the act passed, the Recovery Accountability anyone to use.” and Transparency Board launched a web appli- Th e mobile application launches with a view cation based on Esri technology that enables from the user’s GPS location to provide an im- Submit Your Story the public to track the $276 billion being spent mediate view of projects in the area. Users to ArcNews on contracts, grants, and loans throughout the may also search for projects by entering a spe- country. In late 2011, the board released a mo- cifi c location. By touching a colored dot on the Many of the user success stories in bile version of the application for iPhone and map—green for ArcNews are written by our users iPad that off ers the same functionality on the go. contracts, blue and partners. We look forward “We felt that in order to do what we do, which for grants, or pink to receiving yours. is ensure transparency and accountability,” says for loans—users Edward Pound, director of communications for can access project If you would like your article to be the Recovery Accountability and Transparency details, includ- considered for publication, please ing the amount of the award and the follow the article jobs funded. Th ey submission guidelines at can also send feedback on projects, esri.com/ansubmission along with an image, or use the application to report Award details are provided for fraud or waste re- each selected project location, lated to recovery and citizens can send feedback funds. or report misuse of funds directly In February, the from the application. ArcNews application was CUSTOM REPRINTS named the 2011 Government Mobile App of the Year by the to provide transparency and communicate with An effective way to promote your Government Technology Research Alliance at citizens by sharing data in an app that is easy to products and services its GOVTek Awards gala in Washington, DC. use and understand.” • Enhance your company’s visibility. Th e awards recognize government and industry • Reinforce product image. IT leaders whose work improves the way gov- Th e custom application is available • Develop direct mail campaigns. ernment delivers services, interacts with citi- free through the Apple App Store at store. • Compile reference materials. zens, shares information, and protects national apple.com. Search for “Recovery.gov” to fi nd assets. the application. To view the board’s mapping Tel.: 909-793-2853, ext. 1-3467 “While all the nominees were worthy of the application online, visit www.recovery.gov and Fax: 909-307-3101 recognition,” says Parham Eftekhari, director select Where is the money going? Anyone can E-mail: [email protected] Anyone can download a free application of research at the Government Technology download the free application from the Apple from the Apple App Store to an iPhone Research Alliance, “we felt that the Recovery App Store and use it on an iPhone or iPad to see or iPad to see how ARRA funds are being app was one of the best examples of how mo- how ARRA funds are being spent. spent. bile technology can be used by the government

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ArcGIS for Desktop Integration Visualization ~ Data Quality Check Elevation Modeling ~ Feature Extraction a GeoCue company www.QCoherent.com Trademarks provided under license from Esri esri.com/arcnews More Top News 11 Keynote Highlights How Geospatial Analysis Is Transforming Global Challenges US Ambassador Betty King Addresses GIS for UN Conference

More than 200 attendees from the United Nations, academic fi elds, nongovernmental organizations, and the private sector participated in the GIS for the United Nations and the International Community Conference held in Geneva, Switzerland, April 3–5, 2012, at the World Meteorological Organization headquarters. Th e conference opened with a keynote from Ambassador Betty E. King, the United States’ permanent representative to the United Nations Offi ces in Geneva. King spoke on the role of technology and information as a transformative tool empowering local actors to address global challenges and development opportunities. “On behalf of the US government and President Obama, I applaud your use of technology in your work,” stated King. “Th e world’s current resources are insuffi cient to address all the major global development and humanitarian crises that we face. Th rough the use of science and technology, including innovative uses of GIS applications, we can become more eff ective and effi cient in this endeavor and stretch the power of limited resources.” Th e United Nations (UN) Institute for Ambassador Betty King presenting at the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for the United Nations and the International Training and Research’s (UNITAR) Operational Community Conference. (Photo credit: US Mission/Eric Bridiers) Satellite Applications Programme (UNOSAT) and Esri organized the conference to demon- community at large, especially for decision impact assessment, human security and human Africa, GIS enables better collaboration and vi- strate and discuss the role of GIS in global chal- makers,” said Francesco Pisano, manager of rights, and territorial planning and monitoring. sualization and rapid dissemination of critical lenges. Attendees gathered to discuss how GIS UNOSAT. “Th e more GIS is understood and ad- Attendees participated in 10 sessions fo- information when and where it’s needed most. can provide the analytic knowledge required to opted, the more our work as experts in satellite cused on advancing the use of GIS and spatial No matter the mission, geography is at the heart make better decisions on issues that are critical analysis will be useful and relevant. I am very analysis for the missions that humanitarian and of a more resilient and sustainable future.” for the planet. pleased with the partnership with Esri.” international agencies commonly undertake. UNITAR’s UNOSAT and Esri jointly orga- Th e aim of the conference was to bring to- UNOSAT is a program of UNITAR that uses Th e fi nal day of the event included a postcon- nized the conference. Astrium, Esri Suisse SA, gether experts from the United Nations and specialized skills to perform satellite imagery ference workshop where attendees learned how GeoEye, and TomTom sponsored the event. Th e other international and nongovernmental analysis, design integrated solutions in GIS and to extend the reach of their GIS using various conference will be held again next year and will organizations, government agencies, and the geopositioning, and develop the capacity of free resources from Esri. Th e workshop includ- be attended by humanitarian and development private sector. During breakout sessions, panel agencies and countries via training and techni- ed presentations on implementation, resource senior executives, practitioners, researchers, discussions, and networking opportunities, cal support. UNOSAT is designed to produce topics, and demonstrations from Esri staff as nonprofi t consortia, and others. they learned how to best apply geographic in- concrete output for identifi ed users and ben- well as a hands-on exercise showing how to get formation science to devise better responses to efi ciaries. It does this by turning technology started with ArcGIS Online. To read King’s address in its entirety, visit regional and global challenges. into concrete and usable applications for UN “In today’s world, we face many global chal- geneva.usmission.gov/2012/04/04/gis. “Th is conference was a good opportunity agencies, member states, and communities in a lenges brought on from natural and man-made to take stock of geographic information tech- variety of areas with prime focus on humanitar- events,” said Jack Dangermond, Esri president. nology and its benefi ts for the international ian aff airs and relief coordination, damage and “From an offi ce in Geneva to a refugee camp in

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12 ArcNews Summer 2012 esri.com/arcnews GIS Product News ArcGIS 10.1 Simplifies Sharing of Geographic Information Changes the Way Users Think About Their Geospatial Content

Users are already finding that ArcGIS 10.1 In addition, imagery is further integrated into makes it simpler to put mapping and geospa- the ArcGIS system. Enhanced tools for analyz- tial analytics into the hands of more people. GIS ing, creating, and editing mosaic datasets sim- professionals can now deliver any GIS resource plify all aspects of working with large collections as a web service. These resources include, but of imagery and raster data in ArcGIS. Imagery is are not limited to, maps; spatial analysis tools; easier to add to ArcGIS with the introduction of and different file types containing location data, raster product support that automates the set- such as shapefiles, and KML, GPX, and CSV up of functions to process traditionally complex files. data. The imagery also looks better, with many This newest release encompasses a host of new ways to enhance its appearance; and auto- improvements that will satisfy desktop, server, mated image-to-image georeferencing enables and mobile users, as well as provide develop- images to be easily georeferenced to each other ers with a richer, more accessible environment for better analysis. in which to build, test, and deploy applications ArcGIS 10.1 directly supports lidar. Lidar and solutions. Log ASCII Standard (LAS) files can be directly viewed as point clouds, surfaces, and rasters, Desktop enabling access to a wealth of information, ArcGIS for Desktop has hundreds of new im- such as ground surface information, tree cano- provements at 10.1. Many of them make it pies, or the structure of buildings and electrical easier to create and share content, while others lines. Users can take advantage of combining improve a user’s ability to clearly visualize the lidar with other features to perform QC of lidar patterns and trends in complex data. A user can data; change classifications; and view, measure, edit virtually any aspect or component of a map, and perform analysis. Lidar can also be served Example of sharing a geoprocessing service from a desktop in ArcGIS 10.1. including feature-level metadata. ArcGIS for directly as image services, making lidar data ac- Desktop also has dozens of new spatial analysis cessible to large numbers of users. she can take whatever work is done in ArcGIS In addition, the ArcGIS Web Adaptor, an op- tools, such as spatial autocorrelation, which al- At 10.1, desktops are connected to servers for Desktop and then deploy it immediately and tional setup, is included for configuring a cus- lows users to predict and explain things better. more than ever before. A user can author a share it as services. This is also true for imagery. tom URL for a site with multiple machines and Esri is advancing a new world of 3D GIS. One beautiful map, a model, or analytics and simply integrating with an organization’s web server of the ways this is being done is through the right-click and send it over to a server. The serv- Server security model. integration of Esri CityEngine into ArcGIS 10.1. er then caches the data, tiles it, and makes it The primary engine for geospatial infrastruc- CityEngine provides users with a unique con- available as either feature services or visualiza- ture is ArcGIS for Server, which allows users to Mobile ceptual design and modeling solution for the tion services. In other words, a user doesn’t have turn any location-based resource into a fast, de- The world is becoming increasingly mobile, efficient creation of 3D cities and buildings. to be an administrator to create services—he or pendable service that can be used in web, desk- which is why Esri supports a spectrum of mo- top, and mobile applications. bile platforms—both with open SDKs that are At 10.1, ArcGIS for Server is completely customizable for developers and with end-user rearchitected, making it much easier (and applications that can be downloaded from app quicker) to install. It is now a native 64-bit ap- stores and marketplaces. These applications plication that runs on Windows and Linux. can be used to access intelligent web maps Servers can be deployed on physical, virtual- and can also be used to share data. In this way, ized, and cloud infrastructures or any combina- crowdsourced information can be exploited, tions of these. with every person a sensor. This will affect how Administration tools make ArcGIS for Server people approach science, public service, and more versatile and secure. ArcGIS for Server has citizen engagement. It also affects people’s abil- a completely new architecture that does away ity to take GIS with them wherever they are and with the previous server object manager/server access knowledge in context. object container model. Instead, ArcGIS for Server is deployed as a “site.” A site can contain Developer one or more GIS server machines; each running Esri continues to support multiple platforms ArcGIS for Server. This new architecture makes and APIs for application development. The new installation much easier, but more importantly, ArcGIS Runtime SDK for WPF and Java allows it simplifies the process of adding and config- developers to build applications that are easy to uring new GIS servers to the site. The Manager deploy and fast, plus they have a small footprint application has been redesigned to simplify (read “Build Dynamic Mapping Applications remote access and provides an improved look with ArcGIS Runtime SDK” on page 18 to learn and feel for managing services, deploying server more). In addition, Esri now has two levels of object extensions, and monitoring server logs. Esri Developer Network (EDN)—Standard and Sites can be organized into clusters, which can Advanced. EDN Standard includes ArcGIS be configured to run dedicated subsets of ser- Runtime SDK and has optional add-ons for vices. ArcGIS for Server includes an adminis- ArcGIS Online and ArcGIS for Desktop (Basic, trative API for scripting complex or repetitive Standard, or Advanced). EDN Advanced also in- tasks, including setting e-mail alerts when a ser- cludes ArcGIS Runtime SDK, as well as ArcGIS vice is unavailable, querying log files, or grant- Online and ArcGIS for Desktop Basic, along with ing permissions to services. all ArcGIS for Desktop extensions. Developers In addition to these back-office capabilities, have the option to add ArcGIS for Desktop ArcGIS for Server includes a collection of ready- Standard or Advanced to EDN Advanced. to-use services, such as the geometry service (for an expanded set of geometric calculations), Online the search service (for creating a searchable Underlying many of the powerful sharing ca- index of an organization’s GIS content), and pabilities in ArcGIS 10.1 is ArcGIS Online (read the print service (for configuring high-quality “ArcGIS Online Will Change How You Think About printing in web applications). Mapping and GIS” on page 1 to find out about All editions of ArcGIS for Server (Basic, this important technology that is helping carry Standard, and Advanced) include the Spatial ArcGIS into the future). Data Server, a separate installation that allows feature-service-only access to geometries, at- For more information about ArcGIS 10.1, visit tributes, symbols, and template information for esri.com/whatsnew. vector data stored in a database or geodatabase. esri.com/arcnews GIS Product News 13 ArcGIS Online What’s New?

This regular column contains information contributing your bathymetric data, e-mail us at about the latest updates to ArcGIS Online base- [email protected]. maps, including content contributed by the Esri maintains and expands the level of detail user community through the Community Maps of World Topographic, World Street, and World Program, and new features and capabilities in Imagery maps through the contributions of GIS ArcGIS Online. organizations around the world. Authoritative data from these organizations is contribut- Basemap Updates ed through the Community Maps Program, GeoEye’s IKONOS one-meter resolution imagery expands coverage and adds more Last year Esri announced the acquisition of blended into one of the three basemaps that are detail to the World Imagery Map. a large set of high-resolution imagery from published and hosted by Esri, and made freely GeoEye IKONOS, which will add almost 50 mil- available to anyone. The World Topographic viewer. These include three configurable story Chinese (Simplified Han), French, German, lion square kilometers of one-meter-resolution Map is updated on a monthly basis, and the map templates that provide different layout op- Polish, Spanish, and more. Specific content for imagery to the World Imagery Map. The first World Street Map is updated at least twice tions for telling better stories with maps, and 40 regions around the world is now also avail- updates have been released; they include ex- annually. To get the IKONOS imagery into the the Elevation Profile template, which includes able. This includes Argentina, Belgium, Bolivia, panded coverage for Korea, Nigeria, multiple hands of users faster, the release schedule for a service that has been integrated into the tem- Iraq, Ireland, Kenya, Morocco, the Netherlands, countries in the Middle East, Northern Africa, the World Imagery Map has been accelerated plate and provides the elevation data for any New Zealand, Russia, South Korea, and many and Southeast Asia. In addition, more re- to a monthly release schedule. For a complete map used with the template. There are now a other regions. The language users see when cent and detailed imagery from the National list of all Community Maps updates and more number of preconfigured templates in the tem- signing in to ArcGIS Online will automatically Agricultural Imagery Program and other data details, visit the Community Maps resource plate gallery users can choose from to quickly be presented based on the browser/machine sources was added for the United States and center at resources.arcgis.com/content/ and easily embed and share their maps with language settings. Users can switch to the lan- Puerto Rico from 1:36K down to 1:1K. community-maps/about. others. Some templates have been retired from guage of their choice simply by changing those The World Topographic Map was updated For users who cannot access these online the gallery but are still available in the Web settings. Regional content, such as featured with several contributions from the global maps or need to provide these maps secure- Application Templates group in ArcGIS Online. maps and applications, also becomes visible user community, which include new and up- ly behind their organization’s firewall, Data These can be found by entering the group name after signing in and updating an ArcGIS Online dated content for the country of Slovakia from Appliance for ArcGIS is a great solution. It pro- in the search box on arcgis.com. The search account profile with a region preference. Once 1:577K to 1:4K; the country of Ghana from 1:9K vides the same mapping content on a network- preference must be set to Search for Groups. users have updated their profile, the ArcGIS to 1:1K; and the state of Maryland from 1:577K attached storage device that plugs right into the Users can now add a CSV or text file that Online home page and gallery will be updated to 1:18K. Content was updated for several areas organization’s internal network. Visit esri.com/ contains up to 250 addresses to their web with content for the preferred region, and the in Canada, including the Northwest Territories, dataappliance for more information. maps. Previously, addresses were not sup- map viewer basemap will default to a country- Ontario, and British Columbia, as well as for ported in the map viewer; the file needed lati- specific basemap extent as a starting point for Alaska and other areas in the United States. Give Us Feedback tude and longitude information. Now features authoring new web maps. The ArcGIS Online World coverage for the Ocean Basemap has Users who see a problem or think something can be added from files based on address or team worked with Esri’s international distribu- been expanded to 1:577K, and the basemap is incorrect in the World Imagery Map, World latitude-longitude. tors to identify and feature numerous maps and now also includes the Great Lakes region of Street Map, or World Topographic Map can eas- Because of user feedback, the ArcGIS Online applications for each region and will be add- North America down to 1:72K. Originally re- ily give us feedback. Enter the keyword Feedback team has added the ability to set the visibility ing support for more languages and content leased in June 2011, the Ocean Basemap is now in the search box on arcgis.com (make sure the (or scale) range on an editable layer. Before, us- for different regions in upcoming releases. For being used by many ocean GIS users around search preference is set to Search for Maps) and ers could only set a scale range on feature layers a complete list of all supported languages and the world. Due to its great success and to en- follow the steps outlined under Description. All in ArcGIS for Server map and feature services. regions, visit Help on arcgis.com and go to rich and improve data resolution, the Ocean feedback is reviewed by the ArcGIS Online team Now they can also set the scale range on edit- “Getting started: Setting language and region” Basemap is now part of the Community Maps and considered for inclusion in one of the future able layers they create in the map viewer. in the table of contents. Program and open to receive bathymetric updates. data contributions from users and organi- ArcGIS Online Is Now Localized To start using ArcGIS Online basemaps, con- zations worldwide. If you are interested in Map Viewer Improvements In addition to English, ArcGIS Online is now tent, and capabilities, visit arcgis.com. For New templates have been added to the map available in 14 languages, including Arabic, more details on what’s new, go to Help.

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14 ArcNews Summer 2012 esri.com/arcnews Organizations Can Purchase ArcGIS Online Subscriptions and Immediately Unlock Their Geospatial Content ArcGIS Online Will Change How You Think About Mapping and GIS continued from cover

ArcGIS Online services, such as storing feature Highlights services or tile services (e.g., map packages and GIS professionals can now easily layer packages) in Esri’s cloud, and geocoding. make their maps accessible to Providing a pool of credits gives an organization others in the organization. a lot of fl exibility to use the system that best fi ts Organizations can customize their its organizational workfl ows and other needs. home pages to represent their Organizations that have an existing enterprise brand and identity. license agreement (ELA) with Esri receive an A fl exible, annual subscription plan ArcGIS Online subscription as part of their can accommodate organizations or agreement, with a certain number of service departments of different sizes. credits allocated and unlimited users.

Users can catalog and discover maps and appli- Managing Your ArcGIS Online Account cations; set up groups to collaborate; and share Th ere are three roles in ArcGIS Online: admin- items with each other, the entire organization, istrators, publishers, and users. Administrators or publicly. For example, without any program- of the ArcGIS Online subscription have the abil- ming, any user that’s part of an ArcGIS Online ity to publish and use content and also moni- organizational account can quickly share tor service consumption through a dashboard. maps by embedding them in a website or blog, If the dashboard indicates that the service through social media, or by using a preconfi g- credits are at a low level, more credits can be ured web application template. purchased either online or by contacting Esri. Administrators also have the ability to invite ArcGIS Online is a totally new technology for You can feature maps and applications in your organization’s web and mobile gallery. mapping and GIS. It provides existing GIS users and add users, remove users, assign user roles, with a cloud-based content management system created by GIS professionals can now be made to extend the system or integrate a custom so- delete content and groups, and set and manage for maps, applications, and data. At the same accessible to others in the organization using lution with the ArcGIS Online system. the security policy. Publishers do not have ad- time, it empowers organizations by providing the same system. Everyone in the organiza- ministrative privileges but can publish and use easy access to their authoritative content using tion can view and interact with these maps via Flexible Subscription Options content published by others, whereas users can web and mobile applications that are easy and a browser, smartphone, tablet, or other mobile A fl exible, annual subscription plan structured only interact with and consume content. It is freely available. Early adopter organizations have device. Registering ArcGIS for Server services in to accommodate organizations or departments important to note that organizations retain all realized immediate benefi ts by using ArcGIS ArcGIS Online only takes a few steps and puts of diff erent sizes is available—from a small the rights and title to and interest in any con- Online to extend their existing GIS. Enterprise the services into the hands of those who need workgroup plan to an enterprise-wide imple- tent they publish in ArcGIS Online. users are discovering how to easily make maps this information to get their work done. In addi- mentation. Which plan to purchase depends Administrators also have the ability to custom- with their tabular data across their organization. tion, non-GIS professionals, such as knowledge on the size of an organization and the online ize an organization’s ArcGIS Online home page to Finally, users are seeing increased collabora- workers who have a need for GIS, now have a resources to be consumed. Separate subscrip- represent the organization’s brand and identity. tion among teams and departments, the abil- way to quickly create maps from the unstruc- tions can be purchased for each department or Customization options include adding a logo and ity to provide self-serve mapping, and making tured information they work with in spread- one large subscription for the entire organiza- banner, creating a custom URL, and featuring geospatial content accessible to anyone. Th ese sheets and text fi les and share these maps with tion. Th e subscription plans start as small as maps and applications important to the organiza- have created new insights and opportunities others, who can access them on any device. Th is 5 named users and 2,500 service credits and tion. As a best practice, organizations should as- for organizations. ArcGIS Online is essentially type of on-demand and self-serve mapping frees increase to a multidepartment plan with 1,000 sign more than one person to be an administrator. changing how GIS managers and professionals up GIS professionals from having to respond to users and 110,000 service credits, or even larger For organizations that didn’t have the op- think about mapping and GIS. constant requests for maps and instead allows for an enterprise plan. Regardless of the plan an portunity to participate in the ArcGIS Online them to concentrate on making and publishing organization chooses, more users and service beta program or be part of the early adopters Integration with ArcGIS for Desktop and authoritative information products. An ArcGIS credits can be added to the plan at any time. program, a 30-day evaluation is available. ArcGIS for Server Online subscription also includes access to an Service credits are the currency of the ArcGIS Because ArcGIS Online is integrated with API that developers in the organization can use Online system. Each service credit entitles To get more details about ArcGIS Online and ArcGIS for Desktop and ArcGIS for Server, maps an organization to consume a set amount of sign up for the evaluation, visit esri.com/agol.

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esri.com/arcnews GIS Product News 15 ArcGIS Online Case Study

ArcGIS Online Facilitates Effortless Data and Map Sharing Collaboration Is Easier in Sussex County, New Jersey

its character is unique, the county is like most Highlights across the United States in its desire to improve ArcGIS Online is a cloud-based, communication inside the organization and collaborative content management with partners and citizens. system for maps, applications, data, Historically, when a county division, such as and other geographic information. engineering, wanted to make citizens aware of The county is hosting a map of its activities (e.g., road or bridge closures), some- common places in Esri’s cloud. one in the division would request a map from Departments throughout the the GIS department. Th en a PDF of a map, county are using ArcGIS Online to which was often outdated soon after it was communicate with each other. created, would be posted on the county web- The Sewer Service Area (SSA) application shows proposed areas in 2008 (right) com- site—standard operating procedure for many pared with proposed and existing SSAs in January 2012. Sussex County, New Jersey, in the northwest governments. corner of the state, is a rural place with 40 miles When GIS manager David Kunz discovered closures, he began taking advantage of the tech- “ArcGIS Online provides us with an easy-to- of the Appalachian Trail, 80 lakes and streams, he could use ArcGIS Online to post current, nology to improve workfl ows. use way to distribute our data out to the public,” and historic one-room schoolhouses. Th ough dynamic maps with information like bridge says Kunz. “Th ey are able to view applications, like our polling place app and the bridge and road closures, so they’re able to access information in a way that’s easy to understand, up-to- date, and available 24/7.” To create the bridge and road closure application, the GIS department provided a simple database where the engineering staff could input A Breakthrough in Handheld Accuracy a bridge identifi er and status (open or closed, and reason for closure). As information changes, the map service that is published in ArcGIS Online is automatically updated. Adding this feature service to a basemap gives the Board of Elections an internally editable map it can share with the public. “We wanted to develop tools that allow staff Compatible to work independently so they can manage ® with ArcPad 10 their own GIS data,” says Kunz. “Now they don’t have to wait for the GIS department to create maps for them—it’s automatic.” In addition to improving the speed with which they post geographic information online, departments throughout the county are using ArcGIS Online to communicate with each other. A private group gives them a place to collaborate. Instead of sending data and maps back and forth, group members can share real-time data and comment through the ArcGIS Online ™ group. MobileMapper 100 “Th e use of the ArcGIS technology has af- forded the county the opportunity to more Powerful GPS+GLONASS handheld for high-precision mobile mapping quickly and eff ectively address both ongoing and emerging constituent issues,” says John MobileMapper 100 is the ultimate GNSS handheld designed for high-precision Eskilson, county administrator. “Th e emer- GIS data collection and mapping. Combined with MobileMapper Field software gency road and bridge closure mapping during or a third-party application, it quickly maps and positions assets in real-time with Hurricane Irene is a perfect example of how the Features technology can be used to better communicate sub-meter down to centimeter level accuracy. Powered by the Ashtech BLADE n Handheld sub-meter, decimeter with the public. A second but no less important technology, the receiver can reach high accuracy in urban canyons and under or centimeter accuracy modes benefi t has been to allow ease of access and dense canopies. sharing of data among the many county depart- n Very lightweight and compact ments and divisions, saving time and ensuring n Extended built-in communications MobileMapper 100 is a rugged handheld with built in communications and RTK the common data is used to address issues that n Flexible Windows Mobile® network compatibility. It is the perfect solution for demanding mobile GIS jobs. cut across departmental boundaries.” 6.5 platform Very lightweight for maximum comfort, the MobileMapper 100 is a true handheld solution for the field workforce. It provides maximum flexibility and GNSS reliability Creating Mapping Power n Ruggedized for professional use for optimal data collection, virtually anytime and everywhere. ArcGIS Online is a cloud-based, collaborative content management system for maps, applica- MobileMapper 100—develop your taste for precision GIS. tions, data, and other geographic information. Please visit www.ashtech.com for more information. Although Sussex County has GIS servers, Kunz notes that having Esri host maps and applications in the cloud benefi ts the county. “We have hardware and our own private Spectra Precision Division Ashtech S.A.S. 10355 Westmoor Drive, Rue Thomas Edison cloud,” he says. “But with Esri’s cloud, we now Suite #100 ZAC de la Fleuriaye, BP 60433 have the fl exibility to choose where we want to Westminster, CO 80021, USA 44474 Carquefou Cedex, FRANCE host our content.” www.spectraprecision.com www.ashtech.com Th e county is choosing to host a map of its ©2012 Trimble Navigation Limited. All rights reserved. Spectra Precision is a Division of Trimble Navigation Limited. Spectra Precision and common places in Esri’s cloud. Th e Sussex the Spectra Precision logo are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited or its subsidiaries. Ashtech, the Ashtech logo, Blade and ProMark are trademarks of Ashtech S.A.S. or its subsidiaries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. County 911 Common Places and Dispatch Zone map allows public safety staff to add location

16 ArcNews Summer 2012 esri.com/arcnews “ArcGIS Online facilitates a good dialog between the county and municipalities in trying to finalize these boundaries,” says Kunz. “In the ArcNews past, we would have used hard-copy maps that would have been distributed to all the munici- Reach more than 700,000 palities for review and comment. This year, we GIS professionals by have one map in one place, and they can review advertising in ArcNews. it at their own pace. Unlike the hard-copy maps, Maximum Exposure. they can zoom in to clearly identify where the boundaries should be.” Minimum Investment. When Kunz looks ahead, he sees the potential to improve data sharing up to the state level. “A lot of the state’s data comes from the counties, so the county GIS program sits in a very unique position to support the local governments, as well as provide the information we obtain from them to the state,” says Kunz. “With ArcGIS Online, we are better able to serve the needs of governments at all levels.”

For more information, contact David Kunz, GIS manager, County of Sussex (e-mail: dkunz@ sussex.nj.us). esri.com/arcnews or contact [email protected]

The Sussex County home page created with ArcGIS Online. data, such as names of popular businesses, and other well-known places with a valid address. Members of the sheriff ’s office and police See us at Esri UC booth 617 departments had been submitting this information in Excel spreadsheets and via e-mails requesting that the GIS department geocode them. That workflow created a lag in getting the places identified on a map. When a name changed, it wasn’t quickly reflected on the map; public safety staff had to request deletions or changes. Now that public safety staff members have a map on ArcGIS Online, they can update names and post new ones immediately, which is proving to be a tremendous benefit to the municipalities. “We created a small, easy-to-use editing application built on one of the editor templates in ArcGIS Online, and now they can create or edit existing records in the database,” says Kunz. Produce, access, update “They know the data better than I do, so they can post it and verify that it’s correct.” and share GeoPDF® The Common Places application, which uses maps and imagery with Esri’s ArcGIS for Local Government Information Model, is generating a single authoritative anyone, anywhere. source for addresses in the county. This source will be used to improve the 9-1-1 dispatch system and support a new paperless inspection application in the health department. Download the new v.6 Publisher™ “An advantage of using ArcGIS Online is that for ArcGIS® trial software and no- it’s hands off. I don’t have to send data updates; I don’t have to be concerned about what the data cost TerraGo Toolbar™ today at structures are,” says Kunz. “I can just have my ser- www.terragotech.com/products/ vice sitting on ArcGIS Online for a department or a municipality to access when they want current terrago-publisher-arcgis data. It’s not a copy; it’s not a ZIP file; it’s our live, current data that people can consume without having to wait for us to send it.”

Changing the Way Governments Operate The Sussex County government has long supported the GIS needs of its municipal partners, since many of them don’t have GIS resources. If they do, the resources are limited. Now the county is improving the way it extends its re- Trademarks provided under license from Esri sources to the municipalities. For Byram Township, the county created a mapping application to show information related to dog ownership, registration, and reported problems. The county health department and public safety staff will also be able to use the application to understand incidents, such as dog bites. As the Division of Planning updates sewer service areas, municipalities provide critical input. Effectively sharing information on where there is existing infrastructure and the potential for toll-free: 866-453-1609 · [email protected] · www.terragotech.com infrastructure in the future is core to the project. esri.com/arcnews GIS Product News 17 Download Free Application from Amazon Appstore for Android ArcGIS for Android Now Available on Kindle Fire

Esri users can now access ArcGIS data and map- ArcGIS Runtime SDK for Android ping capabilities on Amazon’s popular Android Th e ArcGIS for Android application is built on tablet, Kindle Fire. In addition to Android, the Esri’s ArcGIS Runtime Software Development ArcGIS application is also supported on iOS de- Kit (SDK), which adds the power of the ArcGIS vices and Windows Phone. It lets users access, system to Android applications. Th is Java-based edit, and share maps. With this release, the free SDK lets developers create custom spatially application can be downloaded directly from enabled applications for Kindle Fire and other the Amazon Appstore for Android. Android devices and is designed to use web services available from ArcGIS Online and ArcGIS ArcGIS for Android Application for Server. It also lets users add cached base- ArcGIS for Android is a native application that maps, which are stored locally on the Kindle serves as a mobile gateway into the ArcGIS Fire or other Android device, to their maps. system and promotes collaboration and infor- ArcGIS Runtime SDK for Android can be down- mation sharing between users and GIS com- loaded from the ArcGIS Resource Center. munities. Th e application provides an intuitive Java developers and Esri Partners can use the user experience for viewing rich map content, SDK to build custom applications that work querying map layers and data, and collecting with their own published web services. Th e SDK GIS features. With it, users can quickly access includes a plug-in to the Eclipse integrated de- their own maps and data authored in ArcGIS velopment environment that provides a set of Online, as well as collect and edit geographic tools, documentation, sample applications, and information. For example, users can access the templates to help developers create powerful application to edit specifi c GIS features and at- geospatial solutions that extend GIS to a wider Left: Browse featured content tribute information while collecting fi eld data audience. Th ese applications can be deployed in ArcGIS Online using the or performing inspections in real time. within the enterprise or to the public via the ArcGIS for Android applica- ArcGIS for Android also includes a Favorites Amazon Appstore for Android and Google Play. tion on Kindle Fire. Above: Soil feature to access popular maps quickly; a tool survey thematic map from the for measuring area and distance; and the ability To learn more, visit esri.com/android. To United States Department of to display data in pop-up windows that support download the ArcGIS application, visit the Agriculture’s Natural Resources images, charts, links, and more. Amazon Appstore for Android or download it Conservation Service shown directly from your Kindle Fire. here on the Kindle Fire.

Introduction to Esri’s New Developer Technology for Desktop and Mobile Devices Build Dynamic Mapping Applications with ArcGIS Runtime SDK

ArcGIS Runtime SDK is a new developer tech- services that can be consumed in a custom ap- enterprise and fi le geodatabases. deploying applications with previously released nology from Esri for creating powerful, light- plication. An ArcGIS Runtime SDK application • Perform geographic operations that leverage SDKs for smartphones and tablet devices are al- weight GIS applications that are fast to display, can be a client to ArcGIS for Server or run com- the power of ArcGIS geoprocessing tools. ready taking advantage of ArcGIS Runtime SDK are fast to deploy, and work with the entire pletely disconnected. Advanced geoprocessing, technology. ArcGIS system. It features a new modern archi- editing, and analytical capabilities can also be What Can Users Do with Currently, Esri supports ArcGIS Runtime tecture for developers to build focused, stand- integrated into applications built using ArcGIS ArcGIS Runtime SDKs for WPF and Java? SDKs on the following mobile platforms: alone mapping applications for both desktop Runtime SDK. • Create focused applications that are easy to and mobile devices. Software development kits deploy. • ArcGIS Runtime SDK for iOS—Developers (SDKs) are available from the Esri Developer Why Use ArcGIS Runtime SDK on • Select the desired capabilities, from simple can build and deploy applications for iPhone, Network (EDN) and make it easy to create Windows or Linux? map viewing and navigation to powerful spatial iPod touch, and iPad. Th is SDK is integrated compelling custom applications that integrate • Rapidly build GIS-enabled apps with out- analysis. directly with Apple’s Xcode integrated devel- geospatial data and GIS capabilities. ArcGIS of-the-box developer controls, templates, and • Build touch screen applications for laptops, opment environment (IDE) and uses Apple’s Runtime SDK is designed to support very sim- samples. tablets, or in-vehicle mounted systems. Objective-C programming language for iOS ple deployments, as easy as plugging in a USB • Navigate and display maps and data created • Develop location-aware applications that use devices. drive. with ArcGIS for Desktop. GPS. • ArcGIS Runtime SDK for Android— • Create and edit geographic features stored in • Create applications using local content, on- Developers can build Java-based mobile ap- ArcGIS Runtime SDK on Desktop Devices line content, or a combination of both. plications for the Android platform. Th is SDK Developers can use Windows Presentation includes a plug-in for the Eclipse IDE that pro- Foundation (WPF) or Java to embed dynamic ArcGIS Runtime SDKs for Java and WPF are vides a set of tools and a rich Android-specifi c mapping and geospatial applications into ex- now in prerelease for all current EDN subscrib- API to help developers create custom mobile isting applications or custom build new ones. ers, Esri Partners, and Esri Developer Summit mapping applications. Users can author maps, content, and GIS func- attendees. Th e offi cial 1.0 release is expected in • ArcGIS Runtime SDK for Windows Phone— tionality in ArcGIS for Desktop or publish web Q3 2012. Th is SDK takes advantage of the Windows Phone application platform, which supports ArcGIS Runtime SDK on Mobile Devices Visual Studio, Expression Blend, Silverlight, and ArcGIS Runtime SDK on mobile devices con- XNA Framework. sists of a collection of SDKs for building and deploying custom mobile mapping applica- To learn more, visit esri.com/runtime. tions. Th ese SDKs are integrated with the ArcGIS system and make developing, testing, and deploying applications faster and easier. For Additional Information Th ey combine geospatial data and maps into About Esri Products intuitive mobile applications. Users can access local data and web services in both connected Visit esri.com/products. Custom tsunami and disconnected environments, collect and Inside the United States, please call Esri at report data, perform GIS analysis, and take evacuation zone 1-800-447-9778. application advantage of the wealth of user-contributed built by the City content from ArcGIS Online. After a custom Contact your local offi ce: and County of mobile application has been created and tested, esri.com/locations Honolulu using it can be distributed through various applica- ArcGIS Runtime for WPF lets developers build rich GIS mapping ArcGIS Runtime tion stores, marketplaces, or private enterprise Contact your local Esri reseller: applications that take full advantage of the WPF platform. SDK for Android. networks. Users who have been developing and esri.com/partners

18 ArcNews Summer 2012 esri.com/arcnews The Power of Place in Retail Mobile Access to Market Data Technology and the recession have changed retailing forever. Gone is “Clonetown USA”; its The Business Analyst Online free mobile These new capabilities make the mo- repetitive retail landscape has been redesigned application provides smartphone or tab- bile application a critical, and truly in- to engage customers on their own terms. Today, let access to key demographic and mar- tegrated, component of an enterprise it’s all about doing business locally—bringing ket facts about any US location. Business Analyst system. For instance, stores to the customer rather than expecting This anytime, anywhere access is key for while out in the fi eld, a market planning the customer to seek out products at particular market planning and real estate profes- specialist for a national retailer may see stores. More and more potential customers are sionals who are frequently out in the fi eld. a competitor preparing to open in a new using smartphones to do this. nearby strip mall. The location can be Recent statistics have shown that more than Using Business Analyst Online helps retail- New Enterprise Capabilities pinpointed on a map, pictures can be half of shoppers consult their smartphones ers get the full picture of all the data that Beginning this summer, new enterprise added, and then all can be uploaded to and other mobile devices while shopping in is crucial to making a more informed busi- capabilities will be added to the applica- the corporate database, giving every- order to compare prices or fi nd the best place ness decision, including geographic location when it’s combined with a subscrip- one in the company immediate access to purchase products. If these mobile shop- tion, income, and population counts. tion to the Business Analyst Online web to this new data. The viability of the site pers search for a store, they usually visit it, and application. Users will be able to do the under consideration could change when a little more than half make a purchase. While marketplace, every retailer understands that its following: the new information from the fi eld is this may seem positive, these numbers refl ect a bricks-and-mortar strategy has got to be about built into predictive models of market marketplace where consumers have many ways fulfi lling customers’ needs in every store, in ev- • Access all reports available in the web share generated by Business Analyst. to search for a particular item. Once found, that ery market, everywhere. application, including reports generated item can be easily located at the nearest store at Th is shift to local, store-specifi c awareness using proprietary data For more information and to download a price the customer is willing to pay. To make means an explosion in the size and types of • Collect data on-site to share, or up- the iOS or Android applications, visit matters even more competitive, smartphone data that need to be tracked, stored, analyzed, date corporate data, including adding esri.com/baoapp. applications can provide incentives that drive cross-tabulated, and made sense of. Data from attributes and photos customers out of one store to a competitor’s customer relationship management systems, • Access and edit feature services in site. Suddenly, all the work a store owner has loyalty programs (such as grocery store club ArcGIS Online done to optimize the price, quantity, and assort- cards), online and web marketing, local promo- ment mix of merchandise may be lost. tions, coupons, and store-level transactions all Esri Business Analyst provides location intel- need to be collated. ligence to retailers and other business owners Th at’s where location analysis and Business who want to harness the power of location in- Analyst come in. Business Analyst enables us- telligence and put themselves back in the drivers to identify, track, and understand every er’s seat when it comes to attracting customers. customer shopping at that particular store and By merging demographic and business data, get actionable intelligence about why, shifting detailed maps, advanced spatial analytics, and the power back to the retailer. With Business their own data, they can make more accurate Analyst Online, retailers can access this loca- decisions about business operations, includ- tion analysis from a smartphone. Using this ing how best to engage customers and create a technology, key demographics and market facts more profi table marketplace. about any location in the United States can be accessed on an enterprise scale, from the cor- Place Matters in Retail porate offi ce to each retail location. Th e very Retailers are realizing that they need to keep systems that marketing managers are using to on top of these trends, and that means place optimize the competitive landscape in corpo- matters. Where they open their storefronts rate headquarters are now also the very ones Left: Quickly pull up demographic information on any and whether they can refl ect the locality in that can enable savvy shop owners to shift their location in the United States on an Android phone their businesses are the new normal. Many focus and understand their local customers or iPhone. Above: With the Business Analyst Online companies now diff erentiate merchandise as- better. application, retailers can compare demographics of sortments so they are tailored to local tastes a location to county, state, and national populations. and market potential. In today’s competitive For more information, visit esri.com/ba.

esri.com/arcnews GIS Product News 19 Study Ranks Esri US Demographic Data Most Accurate continued from cover

Highlights Independent, blind study by credentialed researchers ranks Esri’s demographic data best among fi ve vendors. Study proves that Esri’s demographic update methodologies produce the industry’s most accurate demographic data. Esri’s demographic data is benchmarked to US Census 2010 results.

Faulty population data could cause health care providers to underestimate the population and miss vaccinating vulnerable people or waste The researchers conducted the study for all 50 states. This map Data from a leading competitor was signifi cantly less accurate. doses by overestimating numbers. Retailers inset of data from vendor 2 (Esri) shows a less than 2.5 percent error This map inset of data from vendor 5 illustrates the percentage that locate a new store based on overestimated for most counties in Michigan and Wisconsin. of error for the same areas of Michigan and Wisconsin. population data risk losing signifi cant revenue and market share. Local government offi cials could lose grant funds if poor data is used to a disaster. Does data accuracy matter? Indeed How Do Data Providers Verify Accuracy? Esri data was confi rmed to be the most ac- calculate the area population. Public safety and it does—in terms of dollars, health, grants, ser- Th e release of each US decennial census enables curate overall. risk management agencies could overlook spe- vice—or perhaps life itself. data vendors to evaluate the accuracy of their Precision measures the percent diff erence cial needs populations before, during, and after annual demographic estimates, because these between a forecast and a census count and is estimates are benchmarked against census particularly accurate at measuring small-area Geography Vendor 1 Esri Vendor 3 Vendor 4 Vendor 5 results. Data vendors can also learn how their forecasts. Th erefore, because Precision is the Total US 315.9 247.7 276.7 295.7 304.7 data compares to those of other providers. In best single measurement of accuracy, it is dis- 2011, Esri took advantage of this once-a-decade cussed in the excerpted study report located at State 21.4 12.6 17.9 19.3 29.7 opportunity and commissioned an indepen- esri.com/accuracy. County 49.2 39.8 52.1 46.5 55.7 dent study to obtain an unbiased answer to the Census Tract 106.6 89.5 93.3 106 99.6 question of its data accuracy. Esri Ranked First for Precision Th e results are in: Esri ranked fi rst for Precision Block Group 138.7 105.8 113.4 123.9 119.7 Research Team among the fi ve vendors at each geography lev- Population and household data. Lowest score refl ects highest accuracy. Th e eminent research team of Matthew Cropper, el. Esri’s estimates were also the closest to the GISP, Cropper GIS; Jerome N. McKibben, PhD, Census 2010 results. McKibben Demographic Research; David Th e researchers note in their study summary, A. Swanson, PhD, University of California, “After reviewing the results for all quartiles at all Riverside; and Jeff Tayman, PhD, University of levels of geography, it is concluded that Esri had California, San Diego, conducted the study. the lowest Precision error total for both popula- Cropper has a broad background in GIS and de- tion and households. Th e results also show that mographic analysis. McKibben, Swanson, and at smaller levels of geography, which are more Tayman are noted authorities on small-area diffi cult to forecast, Esri tends to perform even forecasts and measures of forecast accuracy. better, particularly for households.” Th ey have written and presented papers exten- sively on these subjects. What Does Th is Mean to Data Users? Th e data was provided to the research team Th is study proves that Esri’s demographic up- without identifying the individual vendors, en- date methodologies produce the industry’s abling a completely blind study. Th e researchers most accurate demographic data. Users can be had no idea which vendor data was included or confi dent that Esri’s Updated Demographics which methodologies were used by the respec- data will provide them with the best possible tive vendors. Esri’s motivation for the study was analysis results. twofold: to test the accuracy of Esri’s demographic data to identify areas for improvement in its About Esri’s Data Development Team update methodologies, and to ensure that Esri is With more than a century of combined ex- providing the most accurate data to its users. perience, Esri’s data development team is composed of geographers, demographers, stat- How the Study Was Conducted isticians, economists, and programmers. Th is Th e researchers compared the total popula- team has compiled a distinguished record of tion and total households data variables from producing innovations to Esri’s demographic Esri and four other major data vendors. Th e update methodology to continually improve team conducted the study for the entire United the accuracy of the data. States at the state, county, census tract, and block group geographies. All the vendors, in- How to Access Updated Demographics Data cluding Esri, had created their forecasts using Esri’s Updated Demographics data is available 2000 Census geography. To analyze the accu- as a database in a variety of formats, including racy of the vendor forecasts without modifying shapefi le, fi le geodatabase, and Microsoft Excel. their data or compromising the original results, Updated Demographics is also available in the 2010 Census counts were assigned to 2000 Business Analyst Online, Community Analyst, Census geography. Business Analyst Desktop, Business Analyst Th e research team investigated and evalu- Server, the Business Analyst Online APIs, and ated a range of direct and supporting mea- the Community Analyst APIs. sures to assess vendor accuracy and reported the results as a scorecard. Th e scorecard was To learn more about Esri’s Updated then used to measure forecast accuracy across Demographics data, visit esri.com/ three dimensions of accuracy—Precision, Bias, demographicdata. and Allocation—to obtain a total (unweighted) score. Th e lowest score denoted the highest accuracy.

20 ArcNews Summer 2012 esri.com/arcnews Add Image Analysis to Your GIS Workflow. Update Your Geodatabase with Information from Imagery. Understand More About the World Around You.

Geospatial imagery is a powerful and cost effective way to update your geodatabase with the most current and detailed information about a geographic area. Exelis Visual Information Solutions provides you with a seamless integration of ENVI TM image analysis tools and the ArcGIS® platform to deliver the power of advanced image analysis directly to the ArcToolbox .

ENVI. Information from Imagery Means a Better GIS.

www.exelisvis.com/ENVI-ArcGIS All rights reserved. ENVI, E3De, and IDL are trademarks of Exelis, Inc. All other marks are the property of their respective owners. ©2012, Exelis Visual Information Solutions, Inc. Trademarks provided under license from Esri. esri.com/arcnews GIS Product News 21 Using Web Maps to Tell Your Story continued from cover

Highlights Use ArcGIS Online to tell stories with maps. ArcGIS Online now includes intelligent web maps and storytelling templates. Geographic data once secured within organizations can now serve new audiences.

Some maps may still hang idly on walls and lurk in glove compartments, but more and more they flash and sparkle on web browsers, tablets, smartphones, and flat screens. The storytelling potential created by these exciting changes has barely been tapped. Storytelling is rapidly becoming one of the most important reasons that organizations use GIS. A result is that GIS is emerging from the back office and becoming accessible—and useful—to everyone. Similarly, geographic data that used to be secured within organizations is being released by them to serve new audiences. The uses of GIS for analysis, planning, management, and decision support remain vitally important,

A swipe tool helps users view the distribution of health care in the United States.

but organizations now perceive the need to tell Online. It’s easy to change the basemap at any the story of their analyses, plans, and decisions. point in the process of creating a web map. Esri is exploring storytelling techniques and de- • A web map usually includes one or more map veloping new tools to empower this new medium services. These might be chosen from among and to more fully enable organizations to build the thousands of existing services available on and publish their own map-based stories. The pri- ArcGIS Online. Frequently, users will create a mary expression of this work is the story map. map in ArcGIS for Desktop and enable it as a map service to incorporate into a web map. What Is a Story Map? • Tabular data from a spreadsheet can be add- Story maps are interactive and combined with ed to a web map. Spreadsheet data can include Users can explore this story by clicking map icons or perusing a thumbnail list. text and other content to tell a story about the URL links to photos, statistical data to be visu- world. Typically, story maps are designed for alized as charts and graphs, and text for titles nontechnical audiences. They include all the and descriptions. elements required to tell a story: web-enabled • Pop-up windows are a key component of web Thinking About Story Maps maps, text, multimedia content, and function- maps. A user’s mouse click on a point or poly- Creating a story map requires strikingly different thought processes than many of the alities that enable users to interact with them. gon spawns a pop-up window that can contain traditional tasks of GIS. A map that tells a story for a general audience, for instance, Story maps can be built not only by graphic text, charts, and photos derived from elements will likely look different from a map that shows the results of a spatial analysis. designers and journalists but also by GIS us- of the map service and/or spreadsheet. ArcGIS Before assembling a story, GIS users should ask some basic questions: ers, web developers, and anyone with a basic Online allows story creators many ways to cus- familiarity with web and mobile platforms. tomize, or configure, these pop-up windows. • What is the story? What am I trying to communicate? A good first step is to sum- They can serve not only the general public but • Title and text descriptions accompanying web marize the story concept in a sentence or two. A second step might be to sketch out also other audiences, including managers, pol- maps usually become a component of the story a storyboard that diagrams the basic elements of the story and the means by which icy makers, special interest communities, and map. users will access it. organizations. • Who is the audience? What background or contextual information does my audi- The process of creating web maps is de- ence need to understand the story I’m telling? ArcGIS Online to Tell Stories with Maps scribed in greater detail in the ArcGIS Online • What things do I need to tell my story? Can I tell my story with a single map? Do I Many map-based stories are custom produced resource center and in a Workflows and Best need two or more maps? How will I set the stage for my story with text? What sorts by GIS professionals, web programmers, and Practices document available at storymaps. of additional content—graphs, charts, photos, video—will I need to tell the story? other specialists who build map viewers and esri.com. • Does my map do its job? An effective GIS map usually isn’t the same as an effec- functionalities from scratch. Knowing that The web maps are then published into tem- tive story map. Colors, symbols, and categories should be clear and simple. these skills are often beyond the reach of many plates that provide the remaining key story el- • What don’t I need to tell my story? The key to an effective story (and an effective users, Esri is facilitating storytelling by provid- ements, including title and subtitle and places map) often lies in what is omitted. Simpler is usually better. ing two key capabilities on ArcGIS Online: intel- for text and map legends, as well as functional- • What parts of my story can be told visually? Introduce the story and interpret the ligent web maps and storytelling templates. ities for interacting with web maps. Esri has de- maps using as few words as possible. Maps are powerful purveyors of information; Users can build and edit web maps on ArcGIS veloped a series of templates to enable various they should do most of the talking. Online from several components: kinds of storytelling, summarized below. • How will users navigate my story? Traditionally, stories are linear narratives. More This process of assembling raw materials, often than not, story maps are not linear. Effective story maps usually introduce a • A basemap is chosen from the gallery of building web maps, and publishing them into topic within a user experience that requires little or no explanation and then enables options (including topographic, street, satel- templates makes it relatively easy to create sto- users to explore and discover on their own. lite, and reference maps) provided by ArcGIS ry maps without a large investment and without needing special programming skills.

22 ArcNews Summer 2012 esri.com/arcnews Summarizing a status or situation—Many professionals in fields such as emergency response, utilities, or facilities management use maps to monitor the status of systems or help keep track of an ongoing issue or crisis. This sort of map can be informative for general audiences as well. Esri publishes situational maps that combine near real-time data, such as earthquake epicenters, with location-based social media feeds (see esri.com/services/ disaster-response/global-viewer.html).

Enabling participation—Web and mobile applications enable users to actively participate in mapping. OpenStreetMap is perhaps the best-known example of volunteered geographic information (VGI); VGI is also a key component of more specialized maps and applications that enable users to add their own content or express their own opinions. Esri’s PollMap template enables users to place votes by location and has been used to map team loyalty for sporting events like the Super Bowl. The map at esri.com/news/maps/2012/elections/ voting-persona-map/index.html invites users to share their voting persona.

Presenting a briefing—Story maps can assist managers and policy makers in understanding issues and making decisions. Traditionally, briefing documents have been static, with Tabs provide access to maps predicting coral reef risk levels. maps playing a minor supporting role. Briefing documents can now do much more, with web Esri Story Maps Comparing two or more themes—Story An example is a story featuring the rapid maps providing interactivity, allowing continu- Allen Carroll, former chief cartographer at maps often compare and draw parallels be- adoption of cell phones around the world at al updating, and enabling users to sketch and National Geographic, leads a team at Esri tween two or more phenomena or themes. storymaps.esri.com/mobilephones. Its sim- comment on maps. ArcGIS Explorer Online that publishes story maps; they’re viewable at Comparison maps can take many forms and plified time slider enables users to view maps in lets users assemble PowerPoint-style presenta- storymaps.esri.com. Producing these stories serve many purposes. They frequently seek to rapid sequence, simulating an animation, and tions featuring interactive maps. An example helps Esri discover and develop storytelling explain a phenomenon or trend by compar- to pause to more closely study individual maps. is a guided tour of the National Geographic techniques, tools, and best practices. More ing it to other themes that may be causes or Then-and-now pairs of images or maps can basemap at storymaps.esri.com/stories/ importantly, the stories have spurred develop- influences on the subject being explored. The effectively reveal change over time. The story nationalgeographic. ment of templates and other resources with story at storymaps.esri.com/uninsured, for at storymaps.esri.com/wordpress/change the goal of enabling thousands of people—GIS instance, relates patterns of health insurance provides a guided tour of locations around the Esri is developing a briefing book template professionals, web developers, graphics special- coverage to the distribution of Hispanics and to globe that have changed dramatically in the last that will combine a text narrative with one or ists, and others—to build and publish their own median household income. Thematic web maps 20 years. more web maps. In fact, the story maps team story maps. are published in a template that displays them is continuing to develop innovative ways to in a series of tabs. Forecasting the future—Stories can use sim- tap the power of maps to weave narratives. As Kinds of Story Maps Another storytelling template uses a swipe ilar techniques to show projected change. The these techniques are refined, new templates Maps tell many kinds of stories. They can sum- tool to enable easy comparison of two themes. World Resources Institute provided data for will be made available on the storymaps.esri. marize a situation, trace a route, and show The template consumes a single web map with the above story map predicting a dire future for com site and ArcGIS Online. Some of these change over time. They can examine causes and two thematic layers, exposing the layers to the the world’s coral reefs. It uses the tabbed theme templates will be fully configurable, requiring effects and reveal interrelationships. They can left and right of the slider. The story shown on viewer to present coral reefs today, in 2030, and no web programming skills. All will be available help people make plans, predict or model the the cover compares obesity and diabetes rates in 2050. for download, enabling users to make their own future, and support decisions. Different kinds of (see storymaps.esri.com/stories/doctors). modifications. Users are encouraged to develop stories suggest different designs and functional- A third alternative places two or three separate Providing a place-based narrative—In and share their own storytelling tools as well. ities. To that end, Esri is developing storytelling web maps next to each other. As users pan and some sense, all story maps are narratives. But As with any new medium, there is a time lag techniques and templates to support a variety zoom on one map, the other one moves along some stories are best told by presenting a series between the availability of new tools and their of needs. Here are some examples. with it. A story at storymaps.esri.com/diversity of location-specific items in sequence. A story full and effective use. The Esri story maps team uses census data to highlight the rapid increase in on New York City’s High Line uses a format that is exploring this exciting realm in hopes that Describing a place or a series of locations— ethnic diversity between 2000 and 2010. combines a map, carousel (below) viewer, and thousands of people will soon be making and Many times, a map depicts a location or region Esri has developed a thematic atlas viewer series of photos and captions to document an sharing their own story maps. In that event, so- to give users a sense of its character. Combining that enables users to quickly browse a dozen or early-spring walk through the park. ciety will surely benefit. a reference or thematic map with pop-up- more map themes. A Health in America Atlas at enabled point features can vividly describe a atlas.esri.com/Atlas/Health_Atlas.html en- place or places. A story on World Heritage sites ables users to click on counties to spawn infor- used a basic map viewer with pop-up windows mational windows displaying clear, simple bar illustrating each site. See storymaps.esri.com/ graphs. worldheritage. A playlist viewer goes one step further by Showing a distribution pattern—Many adding a browsable list of thumbnails in a panel maps use points, graduated circles, or polygons beside the map. In the story map at the far left, to represent distribution or density. Story maps the playlist provides previews of photos and ar- can bring topics like these to life. A map depict- ticles depicting America’s watersheds. ing the hometowns of Titanic passengers, for instance (see following poster), looks cool and Explaining a geography-related topic— dispassionate at first glance, but clicking the Many maps are made to explain something: the locations reveals passenger details that evoke extent of damage from an earthquake, the num- human dramas of disaster and survival. ber of registered voters in an area, or the pattern of vegetation in a national park. Simple but ef- Showing change over time—Most maps rep- fective stories combine a web map with click- resent the earth’s three-dimensional surface on able points or polygons within a template that a two-dimensional sheet or screen. Some maps displays a text summary and the map legend in also seek to represent the fourth dimension a side panel. For an example, see storymaps. of time. Just as maps compress space through esri.com/wealthandpoverty. scale, temporal maps compress time by a variety of techniques. A narrative viewer presents a virtual walk in New York City. esri.com/arcnews GIS Product News 23 Storytelling with Maps

Geography, class, and fate: Passengers on the Titanic A century ago, the Titanic collided with an iceberg in the North Atlantic and sank. Mapping travelers’ hometowns reveals the immigrant status of most third-class passengers, who also suffered the highest fatality rate.

Select a class to view survival rates and hometowns

Click on locations for passenger lists and destination cities

Totals do not include Titanic’s crew of nearly 900 people.

Source: Wikipedia’s list of Titanic passengers Storytelling with Maps

GIS helps us understand our world . . . and tell stories about it.

Some 2,200 people were on board the Titanic when it struck an iceberg and sank in 1912. In 2012, the story of the Titanic’s passengers is told in a new way by tapping the power of ArcGISSM Online to build, re ne, and publish intelligent maps.

Map-based storytelling enables you to serve your colleagues, customers, and constituents by combining geospatial data with text and multimedia content into compelling and intuitive user experiences.

Visit Esri’s map gallery: esri.com/mapgallery

Copyright © 2012 Esri. All rights reserved. Esri, the Esri globe logo, ArcGIS, and esri.com are trademarks, service marks, or registered marks of Esri in the United States, the European Community, or certain other jurisdictions. Other companies and products or services mentioned storymaps.esri.com/stories/titanic herein may be trademarks, service marks, or registered marks of their respective mark owners. GIS in Action GIS Takes Public Prague’s Development Plans

Highlights The web system for remark collection and processing was the only efficient way to handle the enormous number of entries. An online application form built with ArcGIS software allowed citizens to provide their remarks on the plan. The digital system made possible the collection and assessment of 16,000 public comments.

Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic, is re- garded by many as one of Europe’s most charm- ing cities. While its historical center is listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, the town itself is home to more than 1.3 million inhabit- ants, expanding with residential houses on the outskirts. What is needed to control the growth of this pulsating town?

City Development Authority— GIS and Mapping Hub City Development Authority (Utvar rozvoje hl. m. Prahy [URM]), based in Prague, supplies professional services in development planning, as well as GIS and mapping, for the city administration. The core activities in planning are preparation and maintenance of the citywide planning documents and the analytic materials, as well as strategic planning expert services. Supporting all activities of public govern- Users can show detailed information about the content of a remark and statements of involved planners. ment that depend on map or geographic information, URM is also the municipal center planning process and promote the unique op- volume of geolocated data. Users were allowed The table interface provided access to the re- for geographic data collection, processing, ad- portunity to make remarks on and objections to to enter point, polyline, and polygon geome- cords in the form of well-arranged lists. Entries ministration, and distribution. URM provides the draft plan. tries. Registered users could access their entries could be sorted and filtered by many fields: IDs, a high-accuracy basemap, the Digital Map of (locked for further editing after confirming sub- applicants, type of entry, etc. Information detail Prague; orthoimagery; 3D modeling of the city; Remarks and Objections Collection System mission) anytime later and download them as on each entry was editable by planning experts and a rich collection of frequently updated After the draft had been finished and published, PDF documents. until a final statement on how the remark or ob- thematic datasets (cadastre, utilities, buffer the one-month period for public remarks and jection would be handled was negotiated. Both zones, demographic data, transportation, etc.). collection of objections took place. This pe- Processing and Evaluation as Web GIS Task map and table interfaces are cross-linked. This GIS data warehouse and these GIS ser- riod was the highlight of the draft elaboration, The full power of the application system was For consequent political negotiations, the ap- vices form an essential platform for all planning as everyone had a chance to express his or revealed during the sorting, study, and evalu- plication system was enriched with PDF report activities. her opinion on the development plan content. ation of the collected remarks and objections. generation functionality. Development plan re- The expectation was to collect around 10,000 Each record was adjusted for the sake of clari- mark and objection assessment was finished at Development Plan for Prague remarks and objections. To address this wide fying meaning and to validate spatial location. the end of 2011. Development and building activities in the spectrum of stakeholders, it was decided that In many cases, the initial study requirements Czech Republic at the local level are regulated the public remarks and objections would be had to be reworded completely to better re- Conclusion by development plans. The core of the develop- accepted in any form—far beyond the legal flect the language of development plan regula- The development of an application system for ment plan is the zoning and spatial regulation requirements: mail, e-mail, and personal entry tion. Similar requirements were identified and the collection and further processing of re- map, setting the binding building constraints at the information office. In addition, a special grouped. Entries with multiple remarks and marks and objections has proved to be the only for each zone type. The scale of Prague’s zon- web GIS application form (with interactive objections were split into separate items. Also, feasible way to handle the enormous number ing regulation map is 1:10,000. The currently maps) was developed for public use. Entries an overall completeness check of the database of entries. ArcGIS API for JavaScript, together valid development plan has its origin in the into this form were geolocated and aided city was provided—no delivered remark or objec- with PHP, provided a reliable, flexible, and easy- mid-1990s and, during its lifetime, has been af- staff to evaluate the results. tion could be missing. This process took nearly to-use platform. During the collection period, fected by more than 2,000 minor alterations and At the end of the collection period, 16,000 six months. users recorded no critical problem with user- several large-scale systemic changes. To reflect entries were collected, of which 2,500 were en- After all entries were adjusted and checked, friendliness or general performance. The as- the present-day economic and social condi- tered directly through the web form, the rest be- each remark and objection was examined and sessment period has been followed by ongoing tions, opportunities, limits, and development ing via the other means of delivery. The degree assessed in terms of its relevance and how it adjustments and by extending the application challenges, the municipal assembly decided to to which the web form was utilized represents a fit the overall planning conception. The as- functionality together with new needs and re- provide the new development plan at the end clear success, considering that this was the first sessment was provided simultaneously from quirements of users and planning experts. The of 2007. development plan with electronic commenting many views: urban structure, zoning regula- success of the project marked the way for the Work on the development plan for a million- available in the Czech Republic. All the nondigi- tion, transport, utilities, greenery, environmen- decision to develop a new version of the appli- resident city is a long-distance run. The guide- tal remarks and comments were then manually tal impact, etc. This process was facilitated by cation system, which should be used in further lines for the new plan were approved in May entered by city staff into the same application another special web GIS application derived phases of preparation of planning documenta- 2008. In November 2009, a draft of the new that the general public used. A PDF scan of each from the public commenting website. This new tion. The expectation is to optimize the search development plan was finished for public pro- remark was also provided and stored in the da- application had two main user interfaces: map and general system response performance ceedings. The plan draft, containing 26 thematic tabase store. centered and table centered. and provide further improvement of the user maps in scales from 1:10,000 to 1:50,000, covers The web entry form was built with ArcGIS The map interface provided a quick spatial interface. an area of 500 square kilometers. The draft pro- API for JavaScript and the PHP application overview of the distribution of entries within posals are elaborated in variants, two for each system and based on an Oracle Spatial data- the Prague area. The application supported For more information, contact Jiri Ctyroky, map. The draft had been presented to the public base (geometry was stored as ST_Geometry strong search functions (search for entries, ad- Spatial Information Department, Utvar rozvoje by an extensive information campaign covering data type). The general public could enter its dresses, and parcels) and contained a rich col- hl. m. Prahy (e-mail: [email protected], information days, a website, leaflets, announce- remarks and objections after a simple login lection of basemaps and thematic datasets to web: www.urm.cz), or Jan Soucek, ARCDATA ments in newspapers or public transport areas, into the application system. When the nondigi- concentrate all relevant decision support map PRAHA, s.r.o. (e-mail: [email protected], etc. The aim of the campaign was to raise gen- tal data was entered afterward, city staff were materials at one place. web: www.arcdata.cz). eral awareness of the development plan and the then able to administer and evaluate this huge

26 ArcNews Summer 2012 esri.com/arcnews Understanding Deforestation in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo By Fabiano Godoy, Conservation International, and Wegener Vitekere and Luc Lango, Tayna Center for Conservation Biology

Non-Governmental best representation of the results. The Highlights NGO Organization polygon-vector files were then con- ArcGIS is used to integrate local verted to rasters and the boundaries knowledge and science. the natural resources, primarily firewood, fish, smoothed. To generate the soft sur- GIS helps improve the management clean water, and plants for food and medicine. face, random points were allocated of reserves. Habitat destruction, mainly caused by for- over the study area, and the kriging ArcGIS maps the drivers of est conversion to agriculture and unsustain- interpolation tool was applied. Local deforestation. able logging, is advancing toward the reserves knowledge was validated by compar- and jeopardizing the integrity of ecosystem ing the past threat distribution map Created in 1998, the Tayna and Kisimba-Ikobo services. According to the atlas produced by with the actual deforestation map Nature Reserves are located in the province of the Observatoire Satellital des Forêts d’Afrique generated by satellite imagery classi- North Kivu in eastern Democratic Republic of Centrale, between 2005 and 2010, DRC lost fication. The future threats maps will Congo (DRC). Both reserves were created and 1,976,000 hectares of forest, the equivalent of be used to validate the output from a are administered by the local customary pow- about 1,000 soccer fields, per day. Local human deforestation model. “This approach ers given to the Bamate, Batangi, Kisimba, and population has grown in the same period, in- was an excellent example of combin- Ikobo traditional communities, with the inten- creasing the timber demand for housing mate- ing local knowledge and science, and tion to preserve the biologic heritage and foster rials and land for crops and pasture. the final product could be a very pow- social development. In 2006, after dialog with In response to these issues, the local com- erful management tool for the com- the Ministry of Environment and the Congolese munities have partnered with Conservation munities,” says Susan Stone, senior Field researchers collecting biodiversity data in the Wildlife Authority, the reserves were recog- International to implement a project to im- director for social policy and practice nature reserves. (Photo © CI/Photo by John Martin) nized, opening a new model of community- prove human well-being while conserving the at Conservation International. managed conservation areas. natural resources and the provision of ecosys- Information about biodiversity is Together, the reserves cover an area situated tem services. To better design strategies to miti- currently being added to the GIS—for example, strategies, as well as to define expected impacts between the lowlands of the Congo Basin and gate the causes of forest loss, local leaders and observations of gorilla and chimpanzee groups and establish a monitoring system. the highlands of the Albertine Rift. This area experts are engaged in a consultation process and nests that have been collected by the com- is noted for its globally significant biodiversity, to identify the main agents and drivers of de- munities since 2002. This data will be used to About the Authors containing more than 45 threatened species of forestation in the region. They are also working measure the impact of mitigation activities on Fabiano Godoy is a cartographic engineer fauna and flora recorded in the Red List by the to determine the correlation with the underly- biodiversity. In addition, maps depicting de- with an MSc in sustainable development and International Union for Conservation of Nature. ing causes and map the distribution of threats forested areas, critical areas for conservation, conservation biology. He has been working at In addition, there are high numbers of endemic in the past (approximately 2000 to 2010) and in and potential areas for sustainable use are be- Conservation International since 2006 devel- and restricted-range species, like the east- the future (approximately 2010 to 2020). Six ma- ing used to raise conservation awareness in oping deforestation models. Wegener Vitekere ern lowland Grauer’s gorilla (Gorilla beringei jor threats to the forest were identified: conver- the community and among the students of the has been a junior lecturer and researcher at the beringei), the okapi (Okapia johnstoni) and the sion to agriculture, conversion to pastureland, Tayna Center for Conservation Biology (TCCB). Tayna Center for Conservation Biology since African elephant (Loxodonta africana cyclotis). infrastructure/new settlements, mining, fire- Wegener Vitekere, a lecturer at TCCB, high- 2010. Luc Lango is from the Batangi communi- The region contains the largest remaining block wood collection, and illegal logging. lights that “The GIS should not be considered ty and since 2008 has been working as research of intact forest in the Congo Basin, which is at The data was compiled and analyzed by only as a tool but also as a service that should manager at Tayna Center for Conservation the headwaters of the Congo River and plays a Conservation International, an organization be present in the management of a protected Biology. He holds a BSc in ecology and animal crucial role regulating local and global climate with an Esri nonprofit organization site license area and be beneficial to the people living in the resources management. and soil protection. agreement. Conservation International used protected areas.” Despite great effort from local communities ArcGIS to digitize the maps depicting the threat Another output from the public consulta- For more information, contact Fabiano to protect the reserves, the surrounding region distribution, assign the severity in each poly- tion was a conceptual model that provides a Godoy, Science and Knowledge Department, is under a great and imminent threat. Forest gon, and generate the cumulative threat map; comprehensive overview of the causes and il- Conservation International (e-mail: fgodoy@ fragmentation is one of the greatest threats to such processing was done for past and future lustrates the relationship between contributing conservation.org). the health of the environment, isolating species threat locations. Due to the subject nature of factors and deforestation. Together with the communities and degrading important envi- defining physical boundaries of threats, the threat maps, the conceptual model is being used ronmental services. Local villages also rely on limits of the cumulative threats were not the to identify key areas to implement mitigation

The distribution of the major drivers of deforestation in the recent past (approximately The distribution of the major drivers of deforestation in the future (approximately 2000–2010) was mapped based on local knowledge and validated with the actual forest 2010–2020) was estimated based on local knowledge. cover and change imagery. esri.com/arcnews GIS in Action 27 Cultural Heritage Management and GIS in Petra, Jordan Geospatial Technology Drives Research By Thomas R. Paradise, Department of Geosciences, University of Arkansas, and Douglas C. Comer, Principal, Cultural Site Research and Management

Highlights Non-Governmental NGO Organization Researchers use satellite data to build a GIS database for research Initiative of the United States Committee for and management. the International Council on Monuments and Mapping in ArcGIS reveals Sites (US/ICOMOS), with the financial support rapid pace of deterioration from of the Kaplan Fund and software donated by the weathering and erosion. Esri Conservation Program. Researchers led by Data informs plans for mitigating professor Talal Akasheh spent two months ac- the effects of rain runoff and tourism quiring on-ground coordinates with early post- in the area. processing GPS equipment. These coordinates were used to rectify synthetic aperture radar The now-ruined city of Petra lies hidden in a imagery developed from data collected by the deep valley surrounded by steep, eroded sand- space shuttle Endeavor, declassified US Corona stone walls and winding earthquake-created satellite imagery acquired during the Cold War, gorges in the arid expanse of Jordan’s great SPOT and Landsat imagery, and scanned ver- southern desert. However, it is the allure of sions of black-and-white aerial pairs dating to Petra’s mesmerizing rock-hewn architecture the 1950s provided by the Royal Geographical rather than its beautiful geologic setting that Society of Jordan. Soon after, GeoEye donated primarily draws tourists to the area. The bril- IKONOS four-band satellite imagery, and the liant craftsmanship and urban planning of Arab National Aeronautics and Space Administration Nabataeans two millennia ago ensured the (NASA) provided Advanced Spaceborne city’s place in history. Those Nabataeans carved Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer elaborate structures directly into the towering imagery, which Michael Abrams of the Jet reddish-brown cliffs and ingeniously harvested Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)/NASA processed meager rainfall to create fountains and water to create a digital elevation model (DEM). pleasure gardens under a sun hardly ever hid- That gold mine of satellite and DEM data den by clouds. formed the backbone of a dynamic and ongoing GIS program in Petra, the Petra GIS Project, which explores technology for the furtherance of preservation research at Petra. Powered by ArcGIS and the cooperation and collaboration of many organizations, the project has contributed greatly to the understanding of this fabled city. Petra’s GIS functions as a model of the archaeological landscape. Beyond its con- servational purpose, it aims to help researchers answer important archaeological questions, such as why the nomadic Nabataeans, who had amassed great wealth by controlling the trade in precious goods over the vast desert, decided to settle in

the area and build one of the most spectacu- lar cities of the ancient world. Because of its Ad-Deir, or the Monastery, high above historical and cultural significance, the model the valley—one of the largest of the hewn is currently being developed and applied by structures in Petra. (Photo courtesy of CSRM and a research team from the University Thomas Paradise) of Arkansas Department of Geosciences to explain why the millennia-old monuments in Twenty years ago, Cultural Site Research Petra have drastically deteriorated in recent and Management (CSRM) and the University years. of Arkansas Department of Geosciences embarked on a project to begin understanding the GIS for Interpretation and Preservation accumulating effects of nature and foot traffic Field studies in Petra conducted by the at Petra. Over time, researchers constructed University of Arkansas’s Department of a sophisticated system for managing, access- Geosciences over two decades originally in- ing, and analyzing aerial and satellite views of cluded the assessment of sandstone weathering Petra. Through that research, the teams learned across Petra at Al-Khazneh (the Treasury), the that human influence and meager rainfall “theater,” Urn Tomb, and various tombs and fa- have greatly increased Petra’s physical decline. cades. New studies have attempted to link the Remote-sensing imagery and geospatial tech- various aspects of this diverse landscape and nology have revealed the effects of commer- have included physical components, like fungus cial development and precipitation in Petra, identification, measurement, and mapping, and increasing the urgency of conservation efforts the assessment of climatic influences, such as there. rainfall, on the environment. Researchers used Oblique view of Petra with the Bedouin village of Umm Sayhoun (upper right) and the ArcGIS to analyze the imagery data of the Petra Gathering and Processing Imagery adjacent city of Wadi Musa (lower right). Blue lines represent ephemeral watercourses landscape in ways that highlighted changes in The effort to construct a GIS database for use (wadis), and red cubes represent GPS markers at primary tomb facades. The map was regional hydrology produced by tourism de- in research and management in Petra began in created by Christopher C. Angel in ArcGIS (2012). velopment in nearby communities. Analysis 1997 through the Cultural Landscape Analysis

28 ArcNews Summer 2012 esri.com/arcnews Petra Archaeological Park management zones in Petra.

of these features and surfaces, though typically across the valley, can trends and influences not thought about as being useful at this scale, be identified, links understood, and possible increasingly have proved instrumental in evalu- causes and effects comprehended. This seems ating the effects of the anthropogenic and natu- the best approach to understanding desert ral influences on large human-made objects landscapes and sandstone architecture while from antiquity. effectively managing one million visitors each Anthropogenic influences, such as surface year. recession from human contact, are now being The next objective of the Petra GIS project is assessed, measured, mapped, and linked within to acquire more lidar data to build an extremely GIS. To understand the erosion and weather- precise surface model that will guide engineering of Petra from tourism alone, research teams ing efforts to mitigate the flooding problem at counted visitors across the valley, noting loca- Petra and prevent further deterioration of the tion, time of day, and number of tourists. They tombs. Further research that investigates the compared those numbers to each day’s total natural, anthropogenic, and geospatial influ- visitor numbers and linked them to elevation ences on architectural decay and environmen- (isohypsometric) and structure (footprint, plani- tal degradation in Petra must be done before metric) maps of the valley. After a month of data the effects become irreversible. collection and mapping tourist movement over time and space, they were able to assess who About the Authors View overlooking the carved theater, and the main roadway into the valley. (Photo cour- was where, when, and for how long; which paths Thomas R. Paradise, PhD, professor, tesy of Thomas Paradise) and corridors they used; previous sites visited; Department of Geosciences, and former direc- and subsequent destinations and paths each day. tor of the King Fahd Center for Middle East revealed that these changes have vastly in- unchecked, would ultimately destroy irreplace- These synoptic cartographic methods not only Studies, University of Arkansas, comes from a creased the pace of structural deterioration at able archaeological remains. helped the team understand the erosive effects diverse background in geography and geology, Petra. Specifically, the construction of roads, of tourism in Petra but also helped researchers architectural history, stone conservation, cul- hotels, restaurants, and other visitor amenities Natural and Anthropogenic Influences create diurnal visitor movement models. tural heritage management, Middle East and have created impermeable surfaces that pre- Across Petra, the University of Arkansas North Africa geography, and cartography/GIS. vent the absorption of rain runoff. During rare research team make use of submeter scales to Spatial Data Networks His expertise in stone architectural deteriora- but intense storms, that water rushes into the investigate the effects of microclimatic varia- The linking of point-specific relationships to tion has been requested by countries across canyon where the tombs are located. The water, tions on the development and growth of tafoni integrated spatial and temporal networks has the Mediterranean and Middle East. Douglas which contains salt, is absorbed by the porous (small cave-like features found in granular been a crucial advancement in preserving C. Comer, PhD, is principal for Cultural Site sandstone, leaving salt crystals in the struc- rock, such as sandstone), honeycomb weather- Petra’s unique setting and sustaining and pro- Research and Management, Inc., president of ture that force sand grains apart. This cyclical ing, and the overall surface recession of Petra’s tecting its cultural resources. Petra GIS is now the CSRM Foundation, and copresident of the process obliterates the delicate tomb facades. tombs, structures, and monuments. Work at working toward the continual development of ICOMOS International Scientific Committee on Development in Petra has also destroyed an- this scale is vital in assisting deterioration spatial data networks from various study sites Archaeological Heritage Management. He is the cient Nabataean agricultural terracing and the research, since weathering has the greatest across Petra to create a broader association of recipient of research grants from a number of barrage dams and channels that once directed influence on surface recession and the overall factors that influence Petra’s physical, cultural, organizations and agencies and has published water to cisterns and reservoirs that were used integrity, stability, and condition of the architec- and human landscapes. What began as the widely on the use of aerial and satellite remote- by the approximately 30,000 people who once tural surfaces. modeling and assessment of a sensitive archi- sensing technologies in archaeology and cul- inhabited the area. Studies in Petra at the meter-to-decameter tectural and archaeological site has grown into tural resource management. Petra’s GIS has also played a pivotal role as a level also help researchers examine both natu- an extensive arid lands project that links vari- database from which to develop management ral influences, such as aspect and sunlight ef- ous scales and influences across different sites For more information, contact Thomas R. zones, such as those used in urban planning. fects on recession, and anthropogenic factors. and elevations using ArcGIS, remote-sensing Paradise, Department of Geosciences, University Management zones specify the appropriate As researchers study more surfaces, monu- imagery, and GPS technologies with the goal of Arkansas (e-mail: [email protected]), uses and conditions within a given area. GIS ments, facades, and structures, they spatially of better understanding and protecting a truly or Douglas Comer, principal, Cultural Site also provides the framework for an automat- correlate their data to weathering features, di- unique World Heritage site. Only when enough Research and Management (e-mail: dcomer@ ed monitoring system that will eventually be mensions, and deterioration rates in ArcGIS. point-based data has been collected site by site, culturalsite.com). used to detect changes in conditions that, left The measurements, mapping, and assessment then classified, analyzed, linked, and mapped esri.com/arcnews GIS in Action 29 Landsat Provides the Longest Continuous Data Esri GPS Base Station Joins of Our Changing World National Network Happy Anniversary, Landsat! Esri recently installed a GPS 1972 was an exciting year. The Rolling Stones base station to assist its GIS were the number-one band, Bobby Fischer be- developers and support sur- came the world chess champion, and the Dow veyors, engineers, scientists, Jones Industrial Average closed above 1,000 and those in public works and for the first time. At the US Geological Survey public safety in the communi- (USGS) and the National Aeronautics and Space ty surrounding the Esri cam- Administration (NASA), a group of forward- pus in Redlands, California. looking engineers and scientists were preparing The base station, named to launch the first spacecraft designed to moni- GISA, has been accepted by tor and report the earth’s resources through re- the National Geodetic Survey mote sensing, Landsat 1. On July 23, 1972, they (NGS) and incorporated into successfully launched the craft. the national Continuously On the 40th anniversary of the first Landsat Operating Reference Station launch, Esri would like to take a moment to re- Dubai, 1975. (CORS) network. flect on the significance the Landsat program NGS manages the CORS The Esri GPS base station, GISA, is mounted to a building has had on global research and understanding. network that provides data In Redlands, California. Landsat data remains one of the best ways to to support 3D positioning, visualize and analyze earth changes because meteorology, space weather, and geophysical Internet in industry-standard Radio Technical of the coverage, quality, and length of time this applications throughout the United States, US Commission for Maritime Services formats, data has been collected. In fact, Landsat data territories, and a few other countries. The CORS which allows GPS users to obtain real-time cen- provides the longest continuous record of earth network is made up of more than 1,800 inde- timeter positions. changes as seen from space. The Landsat pro- pendently owned and operated stations and “As the use of GPS and GNSS continues to gram provides access to the data people need to 200 entities, including government, academic, grow, the demand for more precise position- undertake serious projects that affect all of us, and private parties. As organizations such as ing data also increases,” says Kevin M. Kelly, the including environmental change mitigation and Esri share data with NGS, NGS analyzes and Esri geodesist who led the effort to establish the land-use planning, deforestation, natural disas- distributes the data free of charge. base station. “The transportation, surveying, ters, and pollution. It is used to understand and Dubai, 2005. “GPS, originally designed as a US Department engineering, and environmental communities monitor our freshwater supplies and evaluate of Defense system, has become part of everyday are employing high-accuracy field units capable agricultural productivity and is detailed enough challenges, and fast and easy access to Landsat life, with technology in all types of devices from of receiving precise GPS and GNSS signals offer- to witness the effects of urban growth. In addi- data, without fiscal constraints, has made a tre- smartphones to shipping containers,” says Brent ing positional accuracies of one inch or better.” tion, Landsat data provides a window in time mendous difference. This has opened the data Jones, Esri surveying and engineering manager. The City of Redlands allowed access to the for young people to see how the earth around usage to academic institutions, field research- “The Esri GPS base station is a great benefit to Redlands Municipal Airport for testing of GISA. them has changed over their parents’ lives and ers, and scientists that may not have had the the community, as professionals can use it in Allen Instruments and Supplies of Anaheim, their own. This gives them a great perspective ability to purchase Landsat data previously. surveying and positioning to achieve accurate California, performed a terrestrial laser scan of on the effect we have on nature. Congratulations, USGS and NASA, on over locations in real time.” the GISA site. The earth is constantly changing, and for 40 years of successful missions! The future for Mounted on an Esri-owned building in GISA stores GPS and GNSS signals in data the last 40 years, Landsat imagery has made Landsat looks promising, with the Landsat Redlands, GISA operates a Trimble NetR9, files on a secure Esri server accessible to the it possible for people worldwide to study, Data Continuity Mission in the final phases of dual-frequency GPS/Global Navigation public via the Esri website at gnss.esri.com. question, and investigate the changes around design and fabrication and the launch sched- Satellite System (GNSS) receiver with a them. 2008 marked a turning point in the use uled for January 2013. With all the technical ad- Zephyr Geodetic Model 2 antenna. GISA For more information, visit gnss.esri.com. of Landsat, when Secretary of the Interior Dirk vances, two new spectral bands, improvements broadcasts real-time GPS/GNSS data on the Kempthorne announced that all the Landsat in technology and performance, and probability data in the USGS archive would be free to the of capturing more cloud-free scenes, Landsat is public by the end of the year. People worldwide not only getting better with age but looks better are trying to solve complex environmental too. Happy anniversary!

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© 2012 Overwatch Systems, Ltd. All rights reserved. Overwatch Systems is a strategic business of Textron Systems Advanced Systems, an operating unit of Textron Systems, a Textron Inc. (NYSE: TXT) company. LIDAR Analyst is a registered trademark of Overwatch Systems, Ltd. Feature Analyst, RemoteView and IMPACT are trademarks for Overwatch Systems, Ltd. ArcGIS is a registered trademark of Esri. esri.com/arcnews GIS in Action 31

OW_Esri ArcNews ad_10.875x14d.indd 1 3/22/12 12:58 PM Philadelphia Uses Robotics and GIS to Map Below Market Street Lidar Speeds Up Mapping of Bustling Center City

Highlights The city needed comprehensive spatial data information to understand its public infrastructure better. The mix of GIS, lidar, and robotics produced a view of the infrastructure inside and out. Staff took 20 hours to collect all the data, a fraction of the time needed using traditional collection methods.

Center City in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is a confluence of transportation, shopping, business, and government agency activity, with several multilevel spaces (including underground) within a few blocks. The fifth-biggest A Trimble TIMMS unit was used to collect city in the nation, Philadelphia also boasts the Using robotic lidar technology, Penbay staff created an accurate floor map of the under- data points of every object in the space third-largest downtown population. The City ground infrastructure in Center City, Philadelphia, that connects several buildings along that was mapped, from walls to doors to of Philadelphia is committed to encouraging Market Street. desks and chairs.

business and real estate development in the area and has embarked on an innovative project to build up the area while at the same time Penn State | Online making certain the downtown area remains ready for business every day. One important aspect of this project was that the city staff understand their building infrastructure better. They were interested in seeing the relationship between pedestrian concours- es with platforms, corridors, stair locations, and ramps; ingress and egress points; emergency access and air vent facilities; and connections between levels. To effectively analyze and manage this critical public infrastructure, they needed access to accurate and comprehensive spatial data information. This included data about space, like rooms, and how it is being used; asset data, such as fire extinguishers; and other components found within the rooms. Images needed to be collected to guide anyone who needs to access the space, such as public safety officials, so they can get a real sense of what a space looks like. PenBay Solutions, an Esri Partner headquar- tered in Brunswick, Maine, was contracted by the city to provide facility management mapping services for a pilot project aimed at testing the effectiveness of a total 3D GIS solution. This service included interior data collection using an innovative robotic platform employing 3D lidar. The robotic platform collected thousands learn from a trusted Source in of data samples as it was guided by a surveyor through the buildings. The data was precisely geolocated to a point on a high-resolution map Online Geospatial education of the interior space. This allowed staff to develop spatially accurate floor map data of the underground infrastructure that connects sev- Boost your credentials with the most current GIS and geospatial intelligence tools and techniques. Penn eral notable buildings along Market Street in State’s geospatial programs have been recognized by the Sloan Consortium for delivering high-quality online Philadelphia. degrees and certificates. While the city has been a longtime user of Master of GIS ArcGIS, like most traditional local government Learn more about Penn GIS installations, its database did not include Master of GIS—Geospatial Intelligence Option State World Campus data for the insides of the Center City build- Postbaccalaureate Certificate in GIS and request additional ings or the vast building infrastructure under information. the streets. To maintain and grow the city effec- Graduate Certificate in Geospatial Intelligence tively, staff needed a complete view of the infrastructure—both inside and out—of buildings, Instructor-led online professional development courses railways, and surrounding areas for their facili- Master of Professional Studies in Homeland Security—Geospatial Intelligence Option ties management, public transit, public safety, space planning, and real property departments. Have confidence in your online education. Understanding from the Inside Out A site assessment and requirements validation www.worldcampus.psu.edu/ArcNews12 was conducted at the client site to plan for collecting the data necessary to help the city. The U.Ed.OUT 12-0169/12-WC-0111ajw/jms/sss

32 ArcNews Summer 2012 esri.com/arcnews goals of this activity were to validate deliverable fl oor plan data was captured requirements and defi ne data collection speci- to represent interior space fi cations; identify project logistical support and structure accurately; requirements; discuss and validate project stag- and facility surveys can be ing, access, and scheduling dependencies; and performed quickly, safely, visually inspect project areas of interest. and cost-eff ectively. Upon completion of the site, a detailed list of priorities, points of contact, access dependen- For more information, cies, and geographic proximity that allowed contact James Querry, GIS the creation of a project plan and schedule to director, City of Philadelphia capture the data was created. Center City fa- (e-mail: james.querry@phila. cilities are complex and have a high volume of gov), or Stu Rich, PenBay pedestrian traffi c. Minimizing survey time and Solutions (e-mail: SRich@ disruption was of high importance to the city. penbaysolutions.com). Th e decision was made to operate a two-person crew on-site under the control of a project manager. Th is plan optimized the use of staff so that there would be a minimal impact on building occupants and client resources. The new dataset Open During Construction includes data for the Once the dates for the survey visit were deter- inside of the Center mined—the survey itself took place in the fall City buildings and of 2010—PenBay started the logistics necessary the vast infrastruc- to mobilize the equipment and staff needed to ture underneath the execute the data collection phase of the project. streets in the area. Upon arrival at the site, the survey team closely coordinated its collection activities with the client. Th e robot that the surveyors used was pushed through each hall and room at a normal walking pace. Lidar was used by the robot to measure the distance to each object by illu- minating the target with light from a pulsating laser. Data points were collected illustrating where every object in the space is located, from Your Z Coordinates Never walls and doors to desks and chairs. Th e robot also took spherical images with a camera that takes 360-degree pictures inside the building and then georeferences them. Th is provided Looked So Good a continuous image of the space that can give a more accurate representation of the real ® buildings. Since data collection happened mostly at night to keep with Center City’s mission of not impacting the community, security escorts were provided by the city’s public transit agency, the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority, for safety, as well as to provide unen- ® cumbered access to all areas, such as the sub- ZEBRA IMAGING way system and secure buildings. In total, the team collected 340,000 square feet of designat- ed infrastructure. Th e survey provided the city with a clear and accurate view of how its underground infrastructure links to its aboveground buildings and roads. Th e combination of GIS and robotics provided the ability to measure pertinent space in a fraction of the time it takes with traditional collection methods. Staff took only 20 hours to collect all the data necessary for the pilot project.

One Cloud—Many Datasets PenBay provided this data to the city in a building information system data model-compliant dataset that included CAD (AutoCAD) and 3D building information modeling (Revit) fi les of the area of interest and a primary deliverable of an ArcGIS geodatabase. Using ArcGIS for Server and the geodatabase, city staff have access to the data fi les easily over the web. A 3D video dataset was also collected for the entire captured area. Th is is of particular ™ interest to public transit and the public safety ZScape Holographic Prints community for planning and preparedness GIS professionals are increasingly turning to 3D to better visualize workfl ows, which provide assistance to facilities managers in condition assessment and as- complex spatial problems. ZScape™ holographic prints allow GIS users set inventory. to present topography, cityscapes, and other 3D information in true 3D. Th rough this pilot, the city learned how reli- ably critical deliverables can be created to support its facilities management initiative using GIS and lidar. Discrete spaces were defi ned Zebra Imaging – The Leader in 3D Holographic Displays and Visualization Technologies accurately on maps, including where boundar- To learn more about a whole new way to share GIS data, visit ies, such as hallways and rooms, begin and end; zebraimaging.com/esri

esri.com/arcnews GIS in Action 33 Geodesign in Practice From Urban California to Rural Kenya Applying the UPlan Model By Karen Beardsley, Managing Director, Information Center for the Environment, University of California, Davis

Highlights Researchers used the UPlan urban growth model to model and visualize land-use issues facing the Maasai in Kenya. UPlan has been instrumental in helping planners see what California’s future might look like. ArcGIS can be designed to predict multiple potential outcomes for a rural region experiencing rapid land-use change. A Maasai herdsman.

of the ICE researchers, had been a Peace Corps Non-Governmental volunteer in Kenya 20 years earlier and has con- Organization NGO nections (through the Society for Conservation GIS) with the African Conservation Centre After centuries of a pastoral way of life, with live- (ACC) based in Nairobi, Kenya (www. stock providing the basis for sustenance, many conservationafrica.org). Maasai pastoralists in southern Kenya have In summer 2007, the author spent three been transitioning from communal land tenure weeks in Kenya working with scientists at ACC to individual parcel ownership. Th e introduc- visiting areas outside park boundaries, where tion of private landholdings frequently leads ACC focuses most of its conservation eff orts, to a more sedentary, crop-based livelihood, and learning more about the issues facing the and the land is often demarcated with fences. historically pastoralist communities. Potential Eff ects of land subdivision go beyond the direct land-use confl icts included a complex and in- changes to people’s landownership to include teracting mix of livestock grazing lands, wildlife landscape-scale habitat fragmentation, re- corridors, agricultural lands, and human settle- duced resistance to drought, and a decrease in ments. Combining her knowledge of UPlan and wildlife populations. Some of the group ranches ArcGIS with her interest and experience living in southern Kenya have completely converted in Kenya, she and ACC developed a plan for this from communal lands to individual landowner- collaborative work, adapting UPlan for use in a ship, while others still have a choice in setting rural setting far away from its traditional appli- their land-use policies but are struggling with cations in the cities of California. decisions about the future of landownership, In general, people prefer pictures or maps subdivided or not. over reams of numbers to help them understand Th ere have been few if any systematic meth- the world now and in the future. Geographic ods for estimating longer-term impacts of tools, such as ArcGIS, provide a visual frame- diff ering land-use scenarios on wildlife and work within which to view the future or, better other environmental resources in Africa. At yet, a variety of possible futures. When dealing the University of California, Davis, Information with the past or the present, scientists typically Center for the Environment (ICE), research- seek complete, unbiased data at the maximum ers endeavored to model and visualize some of resolution practical. Th is is not so when look- the land-use issues facing the Maasai in Kenya ing into an unknowable future. Th e UPlan ur- UPlan’s output from fi ve different Mbirikani scenarios, based on past trends, various with UPlan, an urban growth GIS modeling tool ban growth model is an appealingly simple and degrees of fencing, and different management plans involving Mbirikani, will assist (see sidebar). UPlan was developed to simulate easy-to-understand tool, built in ArcGIS, that researchers and ultimately local ranch members with land subdivision decisions. growing urban areas of California and is widely has been far more instrumental in helping plan- used for long-range planning in rapidly growing ners see what California’s future might look like to peer into the future at a low resolution and involving Mbirikani, will assist researchers and cities. Th is would, at fi rst glance, seem to have than similar, but more complex, models. Th e with multiple potential outcomes for a rural re- ultimately local ranch members with land sub- nothing in common with sparsely populated application of UPlan to rural Kenya explores gion experiencing rapid land-use change. division decisions. Taking this one step further, pastoral lands in East Africa. But the author, one some of the ways that ArcGIS can be designed ICE researchers gathered existing data from ICE researchers combined the pattern of hu- many sources, including ACC, the United man settlement from each scenario with pos- Nations Environment Programme in Nairobi, sible wildlife migratory routes modeled across and several other researchers working in this Mbirikani. Not surprisingly, the results pointed part of Kenya. With very minor modifi cations to the scenario with the highest level of subdivi- to the urban version of the model, ICE scien- sion and fencing having the most detrimental tists adapted UPlan to model diff erent land-use eff ects on migratory patterns of zebra and wil- choices in rural areas of southeastern Kenya. debeest in a landscape connecting some of the Th ey modifi ed UPlan to work within the Kenyan world’s best-known wildlife areas. policy framework by developing fi ve land-use Californian city and county planners and scenarios for the Mbirikani Group Ranch in Maasai group ranch leaders are not as diff erent the Amboseli ecosystem in Kajiado District, as one might think when it comes to interpret- Kenya. California projections use urban vari- ing maps and developing and evaluating alter- ables, such as general plan boundaries, distance native future scenarios. When applied to rural to freeways and major arterials, residential/ locations, such as southeastern Kenya, overlay- commercial/industrial land uses, and employing potential wildlife corridors with modeled ment statistics. UPlan for the Mbirikani region future human habitation patterns using ArcGIS includes temporary/permanent/fenced bomas is a powerful method that can facilitate deci- (living areas), distance from water sources and sion making in ways not previously envisioned. villages, suitability of habitat types for farming Th is study demonstrated the applicability of and grazing, and proposed locations of new the UPlan model to rural Kenya and provided conservation areas. an example of how the model and its output Th e output from fi ve diff erent Mbirikani sce- can be used to evaluate diff erent land-use op- narios, based on past trends, various degrees tions. Principal wildlife management stake- Maasai cattle raising dust in the South Rift region of Kenya. (Photos: Karen Beardsley) of fencing, and diff erent management plans holders, including the local community, private 34 ArcNews Summer 2012 esri.com/arcnews conservancies, nongovernmental organizations, and the government, could work collab- oratively (despite potentially opposing planning How UPlan Works in California priorities) to determine a mutually agreeable way to plan for future uses of the land. Th e goal in conducting this research was to UPlan is a rule-driven, ArcGIS software- publicly owned land, and existing devel- each land use, resulting in an attraction develop the ideas and test the methods for ap- based urban growth model suitable opment, will not be developed. grid. This is a purely additive process, plying UPlan in rural, group-managed lands in for rapid scenario-based modeling. • Cells have different scores denoting with user-weighted attractions adding Kenya, recognizing all along that these meth- Originally developed by researchers attractiveness for development because values and discouragements subtracting ods and results should be taken back to the lo- at the Information Center for the of legal status (e.g., zoning in the United values. Population growth allocation oc- cal people for their full value to be realized. Th e Environment (ICE) at the University of States); accessibility to transportation; curs on a raster cell basis starting with the expectation is not that ArcGIS applications like California, Davis, more than 10 years ago, infrastructure; and necessary resources, highest-value net attraction and working UPlan be placed in the hands of Maasai herds- UPlan is continually maintained by ICE such as water. incrementally downward until either all men. Rather, local support organizations such as and has been widely applied in California • Other cells, such as high slopes or the available land has been occupied or the ACC would manage the technical aspects of and adapted to planning needs in other rare habitat types, will discourage new all the demand has been met. the process and work with local stakeholders to USA states, as well as several interna- growth. Currently, about one-quarter of the visualize and evaluate model results. ACC could tional settings, including China, Egypt, 58 counties in California are using UPlan, operate the models, produce maps, and work and Kenya (see main article). Input pa- UPlan allocates growth into each land- many with technical support from ICE directly with the local people using the Swahili rameters, including urban growth at- use category based on demographic staff. In particular, rural counties rely or Maasai languages instead of English. An itera- tractions, discouragements, masks, and inputs, such as average household size, on UPlan for their planning process as tive process of developing alternatives, observing planning datasets, are easily collected employees per household, and the per- part of the California Rural Blueprints potential outcomes, and modifying parameters and confi gured using UPlan. While not centage of housing development going process, which is a long-term public vi- as needed to develop and evaluate new alterna- an explicit economic model, UPlan uses into specifi ed densities of residential or sioning exercise run by counties and tives (following the geodesign paradigm) would “attraction” and “discouragement” fac- employment categories. Three primary regional planners and funded by the keep people involved and engaged at all levels of tors that score the attractiveness of each factors determine where each land-use California Department of Transportation. the process. ACC has expressed a keen interest modeling grid cell to each kind of po- class will be allocated: city and county In California, UPlan has proved to be an in moving forward with this work. Th e main ob- tential development, generally based on general plans (or comparable boundar- effective and popular tool for visualizing stacles, as is so often the case with international economic factors understood to drive ies indicating where future growth types future growth in part because it is adapt- collaborations, have been time and funding. land-use decisions. UPlan uses a raster, may be allocated), areas where growth able, it runs quickly, and the assumptions It will be an informative experiment to take the cell-based environment within ArcGIS for is prohibited (masks), and site develop- are transparent. Problems in implemen- next steps and make these methods and results Desktop with the Spatial Analyst exten- ment attraction and discouragement tation have risen where political will is available locally and see how they are used to sup- sion. The model is available online and factors. Attraction and discouragement lacking, access to high-quality data is port Maasai group ranch subdivision decisions. free of charge (ice.ucdavis.edu/doc/ factors are representations of physical, diffi cult, and personnel resources are uplan/download). political, or economic effects that make a limited. About the Author The basic assumptions of UPlan are particular location either more or less at- UPlan lends itself well to the geode- Karen Beardsley, PhD, GISP, has worked for the following: tractive for future growth of a given land- sign concept based on Carl Steinitz’s the Information Center for the Environment, use category. First, areas permitted to framework. ICE is currently working with Department of Environmental Science and • Population growth can be converted each land use under the general plan are several counties to help them revise their Policy, at the University of California, Davis, since into demand for land use by applying identifi ed. Then, areas with other growth planning process using a geodesign ap- its inception in 1994 and is currently the codi- conversion factors to employment and prohibitions (lakes, very steep slopes, proach, with UPlan serving as a tool for rector of ICE together with professor James F. households. publicly owned lands, or existing devel- developing alternative scenarios and Quinn. She has a master’s degree in geography • Urban expansion (population growth) opment) are removed from the available iteratively evaluating the impacts of po- from the University of California, Santa Barbara, will conform to “general plans” (or an space. Finally, the attraction and discour- tential future growth outcomes on such and a PhD in geography from the University of analogous land-use plan boundary de- agement factor values are established for features as wildlife habitat corridors, California, Davis. fi ning allowable extent of growth) until the remaining cells based on a location’s agricultural lands, water resources, and demand exceeds the spatial capacity of potential suitability for growth. These transportation needs. For more information, contact Karen the plan. values permit systematic prioritization of Beardsley (e-mail: [email protected]) or • Some cells, such as lakes, wetlands, development within the UPlan model for Lucy Waruingi, head of Programmes, GIS and Information Science, African Conservation Centre (e-mail: [email protected]), or visit www.conservationafrica.org.

esri.com/arcnews Geodesign in Practice 35 Geodesign and Wildlife Corridors By Ryan Perkl, Assistant Professor, School of Landscape Architecture and Planning, University of Arizona

Highlights ArcGIS was used to develop a new tool for wildlife corridor design. The Automated Design Module populates modeled corridors with optimal vegetation types and patterns to increase wildlife movement. Development of the module represents an application of geodesign in conservation planning.

Over the last decade, wildlife corridors have become a cornerstone for promoting species persistence within conservation planning. While corridors have become an increasingly viable conservation strategy, issues still remain in translating modeled corridors beyond plans into implementable designs. Although modeled corridors result in the delineation of boundaries, they lack planning and design guidance for programming the appropriate vegetative types and patterns that may be desirable throughout the corridor. This represents a considerable implementation gap for practitioners interested in employing corridors as part of a conservation or land-use planning strategy.

Above: Saguaro and mesquite are among the many plants that should populate the corridors through the Sonoran Desert. Top inset: Landscape elements are digitized using a Wacom monitor and incorporated as part of the pattern generator process within the Automated Design Module (ADM). Integrating such an interface allows vegetation clustering and linearity to be addressed in the final corridor designs and represents the inclusion of geodesign-based methodologies.

This University of Arizona team proposes Sonoran Desert. Vegetation species include that a modeled corridor by itself is not a design the iconic saguaro cactus, palo verde, agave, but rather a first step toward design. Design re- cholla, cottonwood, creosote bush, prickly pear, quires attention to site-specific characteristics; and velvet mesquite, among others. Individual functions; and even more qualitative variables, capability models were developed utilizing such as aesthetics, as a means of informing the a standard raster-based overlay process that fine-grained decisions necessary for implemen- parameterized landscape characteristics and tation. Further, the team believes that the grow- factors known to impact the distribution and ing field of geodesign holds promise in moving persistence of each plant species. The resultant toward this end, as it strikes the needed bal- output of each model yields a capability surface ance between developing the analytically based that delineates the portions of the landscape methods required in conservation planning most capable of supporting each plant type. and the graphic and communicative language The end result of this process yields a library of necessary for design implementation. As a re- scored capability surfaces for each plant type. sult, this article illustrates and discusses the de- The ADM then employs a selection algo- velopment of a new tool while showcasing the rithm that identifies the plant type from the marriage of geodesign with real-world applica- library that exhibits the highest capability score tions in conservation planning and design. for each cell within the corridor. This results in the selection of the plant type that is most A New Tool—ADM appropriate for each cell. An additional query The Automated Design Module (ADM) de- is then initiated to identify the next best plant scribed here was used to inform the design of type for each cell, and a corresponding dataset wildlife corridors within the Sonoran Desert, for each of these processes is derived. Where an incredibly biologically diverse region that cells are equally capable of supporting multiple spans southern Arizona and California in the plant types, a random selection generator is United States and Baja California and Sonora employed to break ties. Together, these surfaces in Mexico. Corridors were modeled between are utilized as the foundation for populating Saguaro National Park east and west. Located the modeled corridor’s interior with the most adjacent to the city of Tucson, Arizona, Saguaro appropriate site-specific vegetation. National Park comprises two distinct districts, The selection process can be further refined which are separated by the city. The wildlife in based on the requirements of the focal wild- this area includes the mountain lion, bobcat, life species for which the corridor is being de- bighorn sheep, mule deer, javelina, gila monster, signed. Individual wildlife species may require desert tortoise, red-tailed hawk, and the charis- varying levels of vegetation diversity and/or matic pygmy owl, among others. density to facilitate movement. As such, vegeta- The ADM was created using Spatial Modeler tion diversity is a parameter within the ADM within ArcGIS 10. The ADM starts by evaluat- that can be used to populate the modeled cor- The desert tortoise and mountain lion are among the many animals that would negotiate ing the landscape’s capability to support vari- ridor with the desired level of variation among the corridors. ous species of native vegetation specific to the plant types. For focal species, such as the pygmy

36 ArcNews Summer 2012 esri.com/arcnews uses and mortality may be elevated. In this way, Additionally, development of the ADM pro- at the University of Arizona who specializes in the ADM uses patterns to direct movement to vides a more seamless design interface, al- environmental planning, wildlife connectiv- where it is most desirable within the corridor lowing analysis, modeling, and design all to ity modeling, and the emerging fi eld of geode- and discourage it elsewhere, thus increasing the be completed within the ArcGIS environment sign. Contributors to this work include Samuel corridor’s function through design. without the need to export geospatial data to an Chambers, a doctoral student in arid lands re- Once all cells within the corridor are popu- alternative graphic design platform. Th is can be source sciences, and Brandon Herman, Wanyi lated with the desired vegetation type, in the de- accomplished by using ADM-derived outputs Song, and Garrett Smith, all graduate students sired density and diversity, and are arranged in within ArcScene. Additionally, this team be- in planning at the University of Arizona. the desired spatial patterns, the ADM converts lieves that tools such as the ADM will aid in the each cell to an appropriately coded and spa- development and design of functional wildlife For more information, contact Ryan Perkl tially explicit point. Th e ADM then links each corridors and contribute to the eff ectiveness of (e-mail: [email protected]) or visit point with a symbol unique to each plant type corridors as an increasingly viable conservation www.planning.arizona.edu to learn more as a graphic component from the initial library. planning strategy. Further, the team believes about the Planning Master’s Degree Program at Th e result yields a modeled corridor that has that such developments will aid in spanning the the University of Arizona. been populated with unique vegetation types gap between modeling, planning, design, and arranged in space. Th is output provides a physi- eventual implementation of wildlife corridors Th is work will be showcased in a talk enti- cal design of the corridor’s interior that is based in a wide spectrum of planning applications. tled Employing an Automated Design Module on vegetation capability and customizable to (ADM) in Wildlife Corridor Design at the 2012 address the requirements of varying species, About the Author Esri International User Conference in San such as the desert tortoise or javelina, and inte- Ryan Perkl, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Diego, California. grates patterns for guiding species’ movement School of Landscape Architecture and Planning in the desired way. Th is represents a stark contrast to the ambiguous interior of a stand-alone modeled corridor and is envisioned to be a useful step in moving modeled outputs toward informed designs.

A typical Sonoran Desert scene (top), followed by a modeled wildlife corridor (second), followed by specifi c vegetation types and patterns generated by the ADM represented as points populating the cor- The ADM popu- ridor (third), and a fi nal corridor design as lates the corridors derived from the ADM vegetation library with individual (bottom). cells coded and arranged based owl, which requires the presence of saguaro on the optimal cacti, the ADM can be parameterized to select vegetation type the most optimal plant type for each cell while and confi guration still meeting the desired criteria of the focal spe- for that location. cies. For species like mountain lions, however, This results in which prefer more diverse conditions, the ADM design guidance can derive more assorted assemblages of veg- for both vegetation etation through employing a random selection type and pattern algorithm across all optimal and second-best integration, which plant types for each cell until the desired level can be utilized of vegetation diversity is achieved. to create more Th e ADM employs a similar selection algo- functional wildlife rithm for determining the relative density of corridors. vegetation within the corridor. For example, the pygmy owl prefers more densely vegetated conditions. When these conditions are desired, the ADM selects and populates all or most The Importance of Connecting Protected Areas of the available cells. Bighorn sheep, on the other hand, are more comfortable with moving through less densely vegetated conditions. Given the recent trends of urban expan- approaches for modeling landscape con- The Automated Design Module (ADM) In these instances, the ADM drops cells from sion, species decline, and habitat connectivity within ArcGIS and other plat- is intended to provide additional insight being populated to achieve the desired condi- version and fragmentation, conservation forms. All approaches make assumptions and guidance in the physical design of a tion. Additionally, the ADM can link vegeta- planners have developed a wide spec- about how wildlife will move through wildlife corridor’s interior by populating tion density with other modeled connectivity trum of tools devoted to inventorying the landscape, given their individual in- it with vegetation arranged in patterns outputs, such as fl ows of wildlife movement. and analyzing environmental conditions, teractions with local landscape condi- known to impact wildlife movement in When linked with current-fl ow surfaces of spe- simulating and forecasting change, and tions. These interactions and subsequent desired ways. Developing such a tool cies movement, for example, the ADM can be identifying and prioritizing areas for con- movements are represented as the rela- sheds light on the suggested physical parameterized to populate the corridor interior servation action. More recently, a sub- tive permeability of the landscape or as structure and design of the modeled cor- with greater vegetation density in areas where area of conservation planning known as the cost of movement to the individual. ridor’s interior, aspects that current tools greater species movement has been modeled, connectivity conservation has resulted in While connectivity modeling tools vary do not address. Additionally, the auto- and vice versa. an emphasis on the importance of com- greatly in their underlying methodologi- mated nature of this tool allows large bating the negative effects of landscape cal processes and employ different tech- swaths of the landscape to be designed Vegetation Patterns fragmentation on species populations. niques to model permeability and cost, based on widely available data pertaining Th e ADM also has the ability to place vegeta- Connectivity conservation recognizes the the most common output is the delinea- to landscape characteristics and consid- tion in patterns that are known to either facili- importance of setting aside natural areas tion of spatially explicit wildlife corridors erations, such as soil, terrain, and vegeta- tate or impede wildlife movement. A series of for protection purposes but goes a step that link user-defi ned locations. Such tion, among others. Until now, designing pattern generators are employed to alter the further by stressing the importance of outputs result in linearly arranged poly- such large portions of the landscape has relative dispersal, clustering, and linearity of connecting these areas so that they may gons that represent either structural con- been impractical due to the massive time the spatial locations of all vegetation assem- function as larger systems rather than nections between locations with given constraints that are required to manually blages to encourage movement where it is de- isolated units. It is believed that such an landscape characteristics or functional develop such designs. Finally, the ADM sirable throughout the interior of the corridor. approach may hold the most promise for paths through which individuals are ex- allows analysis, modeling, and design Conversely, where movement is to be discour- protecting the greatest number of spe- pected to move. While useful for plan- to all be accomplished within an ArcGIS aged, the ADM can be parameterized to include cies, given the shifting environmental ning purposes, such outputs lack the environment without the need to employ linear patterns that have been documented to conditions due to climate change. specifi city necessary for informing the other graphic design platforms, resulting reduce species movement. Such patterns may As a result, connectivity conserva- physical design of their interiors upon in a more streamlined workfl ow. be desirable along the periphery of the corri- tion has yielded a number of tools and implementation. dor, where species confl icts with adjacent land esri.com/arcnews Geodesign in Practice 37 Geodesign Books from Esri Available This Summer

A Framework for Geodesign: and geographic sciences, linked by technology Changing Geography by Design from several locations for rapid communica- By Carl Steinitz tion and feedback, and reliant on transparent A Framework for Geodesign: Changing Geography communication with the people aff ected by by Design focuses on design in general and change. Th ese demands create opportunities geodesign in particular. As an idea, geodesign for geodesign and the need for organizing that has the potential to enable more eff ective and collaboration. symbiotic collaboration among several design Part I of the book is about the necessary but professions, geographically oriented sciences, sometimes diffi cult collaboration between de- Geodesign: Case Studies in Regional information technologists, and people im- signers and scientists and also focuses on key and Urban Planning pacted by change (“the people of the place”) aspects of study areas, scale, and size, which By Shannon McElvaney when all these groups aim to infl uence major infl uence how geodesign is organized and car- Geodesign: Case Studies in Regional and Urban environmental and social change for the better. ried out. Part II presents Steinitz’s framework Planning is a foundational text that describes According to author Carl Steinitz, this collabo- and addresses six key questions and their re- how designers, planners, landscape architects, ration is essential. lated types of models, which must be integrated and sometimes opinionated and polemical engineers, natural resource managers, public Steinitz’s framework, described here in de- in geodesign. Part III features nine case stud- book that is based on the author’s longtime health offi cials, and others, use geodesign to tail, can contribute to that goal. It is clear that ies that illustrate diff erent ways of designing experience. It looks mostly to the future, with a meet or exceed sustainability, regulatory com- for serious societal and environmental issues, for change, while Part IV explores the future of primary intention of helping the collaborating pliance, cost reduction, and social equity goals. designing for change cannot be a solitary ac- geodesign in research, education, and practice. participants achieve, in the words of the author, Geodesign promotes designing with geog- tivity. It inevitably is a team endeavor with A Framework for Geodesign is not a how-to “practical benefi ts from geodesign.” ISBN: 978- raphy instead of designing around geography. many participants from the design professions text or technical manual. It is a highly personal 1-58948-333-0, 224 pp., $79.95. Geodesign integrates science and social and aesthetic values into landscape planning with geospatial tools that enable rapid, iterative evaluation of design alternatives against their probable outcomes. Th ese tools let planners explore issues, collaborate with stakeholders, and resolve confl icts more easily, enhancing their chances for achieving the best possible design solutions. Whether creating a growth strategy to increase open space and maintain rural character or optimizing a master plan to meet sustainability goals, the case studies in this book exemplify UAN HONORSM UNIVERSITYB IN MARYLANDC key steps, processes, and technologies crucial to solving the complex, interdependent issues that in Rockville, Maryland have become common to our rapidly changing world. Th ey are meant to be educational and il- lustrative of the burgeoning need for near real- time impact simulation that enables decision makers to test design assumptions before com- Developing the Next Generation mitting dollars to construction. Globalization, urbanization, population growth, climate change, and increasing de- of GIS Leaders mand on resources will drive the demand for smarter, more innovative design solutions that take into account the cumulative impact on the whole. ISBN: 978-1-58948-316-3, 160 pp., $19.95.

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liu.edu/online/gis esri.com/arcnews Geodesign in Practice 39 Community News 2012 Esri Regional User Conferences to Celebrate the Power of Geographic Understanding

Make plans to connect and collaborate with tackle spatial challenges; and equipped to an- ArcGIS users in your region this fall, when the swer tough questions from senior leadership, Power of Where will draw thousands to Buenos partners, and clients in today’s demanding new Aires, Oslo, and Auckland to witness the latest business world. geospatial technology at Esri’s three regional user conferences (UCs). Esri Latin America User Conference The Latin America, European, and Asia Pacific From Puerto Peñasco to Tierra del Fuego, us- user conferences in October and November are ers in the Latin American region are invited to more than seminars and papers, map galleries experience the Power of Where in the cosmo- and vendor showcases, keynotes and techni- politan city of Buenos Aires, Argentina, at the cal training: they are gateways through which Esri Latin America User Conference to be held scientific, social, economic, business, and envi- October 4–5. ronmental innovators will pass to discover new “The Esri Latin America User Conference is a geospatial knowledge that extends beyond the gathering for GIS experts throughout the region convention center walls to mold our planet. that nobody should miss,” says Carlos Viola, “By attending the 2012 regional conferences, president of Aeroterra S.A., Esri’s distributor in you’ll become a thought leader in the analy- Argentina. “It is a place for collaboration and sis, management, and deployment of natural where one can connect and be inspired by the and collective resources,” says Esri president experiences of others. Together with Esri, our and founder Jack Dangermond. “You will bring company, Aeroterra S.A., is proud of being able this experience back to your region and orga- to organize this important event and provide Oslo at night. nization to shape the way you work today for an excellent and limitless opportunity to cre- tomorrow.” ate and expand the potential of the GIS users in distributor in Norway. “The European User this three-day conference. A packed-full agenda And if you’re at the Esri International User Latin America.” Conference is a great opportunity to learn from of technology trends and workshops, in a set- Conference (Esri UC) in July, be sure to visit the Be more than just an attendee by submitting each other, to learn from Esri, and to show- ting that is both inspiring and stunning, awaits Regional UC booth to learn why these are must- a paper for consideration. The call for papers is case your own innovative application of GIS. users from the region. attend events for all users in each region—not open until June 30. Go to esri.com/lauc for in- Geodata AS is proud of hosting this confer- “We are very excited about hosting the Esri just those based in host countries Argentina, formation about submission guidelines. Several ence, and we hope to see many of you in Oslo in Asia Pacific User Conference in Auckland,” says Norway, and New Zealand. registration options are available as well. October!” Gary Langford, CEO of Eagle Technology. “New At the booth, host distributors will empower Presentation submissions are open until Zealand has a strong Esri user group whose you to connect and collaborate with colleagues Esri European User Conference mid-September, so don’t miss out on your op- members, with Eagle Technology, embrace the via Tweets and tools that will create buzz for Users in the European region will unite in the portunity to get involved in the event. For in- opportunity to welcome others from the greater your region. Meet the host distributor for the city of Oslo, Norway, from October 15 to 17 for formation on submitting a presentation or to region to share knowledge, learn new skills, and conference in your region, learn more about the the Esri European User Conference. This year’s register, visit esri.com/euc. showcase our beautiful country.” event, and make plans to attend—right from event will include preconference seminars and Be where knowledge and imagination come the Esri UC. The Regional UC booth is not to be technical workshops, as well as give users an Esri Asia Pacific User Conference together by submitting a paper for consider- missed! interactive experience to explore the new func- The City of Sails—Auckland, New Zealand—is ation at the Asia Pacific User Conference. Paper Whether you’re a novice user of Esri software tionality of ArcGIS 10.1. the setting for this year’s Esri Asia Pacific User submissions are open until Friday, August 10. or a longtime professional, the regional UCs are “We are really looking forward to welcom- Conference, hosted by Esri’s official distribu- Registration is open for the event. Visit esri. where you’ll learn cutting-edge information, ing the GIS community in Europe to Oslo to tor in New Zealand, Eagle Technology Group, com/apuc for more information about regis- talk to people making the software, and im- see how GIS can help solve some of the biggest Ltd., and to be held November 5–7. The SkyCity tration options and paper submissions. prove your problem-solving skills. You’ll come challenges in today’s society,” says Geir Hansen, Convention Centre is where hundreds of peers away smarter; more connected; better able to managing director of Geodata AS, Esri’s official from the Asia-Pacific region will congregate for

November 14, 2012 State Agency Learning Experience Not to be outdone, the Washington State GIS Day Is Coming Department of Transportation (WSDOT) in Olympia has hosted GIS Day and Geography Awareness Week for the past 13 years. In GIS Day will be celebrated by thousands of us- a GIS Day event. The booth will be located on 2011, WSDOT sponsored a GIS Day seminar, a ers in more than 60 countries around the world the mezzanine level, directly across from the hands-on workshop, and a map competition, on Wednesday, November 14, 2012. We invite GeoLounge. with GIS displays set up in two locations in you to participate by hosting, attending, or vol- By participating in GIS Day—by either host- Olympia. More than 500 people participated, unteering at a GIS Day event—and showing the ing, attending, or volunteering at an event—you says Richard C. Daniels, GIS coordinator for the world why GIS is important to you. will leave with an understanding of geospatial Office of Information Technology at WSDOT. GIS demonstrations, corpo- technology and the positive At the 2011 GeoTech Camp sponsored by According to Daniels, the winner of last year’s rate open houses, map gallery force it can play in your life and the University of Missouri, Department of People’s Choice Award for best map was titled tours, hands-on GIS technol- business, as well as helping to Geography. Monastery Complex Fire. Originally produced for ogy training and workshops, share this energy with your WSDOT’s Emergency Operations Center, this and expos on educational and community. map showed those portions of US Highway 97 career opportunities in the The following event recaps says Shannon H. White, PhD, geospatial ex- that the fire impacted. field are all ideas for you to kick-start your should get you excited about GIS Day 2012. tension specialist at the University of Missouri As the demographic focus of GIS Day events GIS Day event planning. New resources on the Department of Geography in Columbia. often varies widely between venues worldwide, gisday.com website to promote and share Zombie Maps Enthrall Missouri Students “The exercise received coverage from the so does that of the WSDOT. at your event will be available leading up to In the American Heartland, GIS Day is alive local press and TV news and was touted as “Over time,” Daniels explains, “our audience November 14 so that you can create buzz sur- and well. In a display of the technology’s play- ‘kitschy and fun,’” recalls White. “[T]he applied has matured, and all agency employees now have rounding your own festivities. ful, creative side, participating high school GIS behind those maps was rooted in emergen- access to GIS on demand. Our focus is now on If you are attending the Esri International students spent more than a month at the cy management.” educating our customers on changes in our GIS User Conference (Esri UC) in San Diego, Columbia Area Career Center creating “zombie” The zombie maps were featured at Columbia environment, informing them of new GIS data California, this year, get the latest information maps depicting the best places to take refuge if City Hall’s GIS Day event alongside more and applications, and ensuring that our execu- about GIS Day at the GIS Day interactive booth. a “zombie apocalypse” hit Missouri today. The practical-minded GIS projects, including a tives are aware that this technology is now a core From event consultation to special activities fanciful maps demonstrated that it would be demonstration of Columbia City View, a GIS tool that is used throughout the agency.” during Family Night, the GIS Day booth at the best for Missourians to avoid cities—includ- system now on the city’s website that provides Esri UC is your one-stop location to flex your ing Columbia—and hide out in the state’s vast map views with information layers, such as zon- For more information on GIS Day and how to creativity and learn innovative ways to host hinterland from the teeming hordes of undead, ing designations and natural resources. host an event, visit gisday.com. 40 ArcNews Summer 2012 esri.com/arcnews URISA Heads to Jamaica “Crossing Borders” A column by Doug Richardson, The Urban and Regional Information Systems and Nadine Brown of the Planning Institute of Association (URISA) is returning to Montego Bay, Jamaica. Executive Director, Jamaica, for its Sixth Caribbean GIS Conference, Objectives of URISA’s Caribbean GIS Association of American Geographers which will take place November 12–16, 2012. Conference are as follows: Caribbean GIS professionals from across the region will convene to share and discuss technol- • To inform a broad cross section of Caribbean ogy, policy, and the future. users about GIS technology and applications The conference theme for the event is • To share experiences regarding GIS imple- China and International “Spatial Technologies—Critical Thinking for mentation and management issues Critical Times.” The first Caribbean confer- • To establish new relationships with the ven- Geography at the AAG ence was held in September 2001 in Jamaica, dor/consultant community and we’re thrilled to be heading back to where • To provide workshops and sessions that it all began! Subsequent programs have taken are application driven and are relevant to the One of the greatest pleasures of a sometimes grueling travel schedule is the opportunity to place in Barbados (2004), the Bahamas (2006), Caribbean community of GIS users meet with my counterparts and colleagues at other geographic societies around the world. I the Cayman Islands (2008), and Trinidad and • To foster a Caribbean GIS network always try to find time to meet with them; to share information and news regarding geography Tobago (2010). • To assess the state of readiness of national and GIScience; to discuss possible collaborations; and, when possible, to participate in their An involved and respected conference com- and regional spatial data infrastructures annual meetings. mittee reviews abstract submissions and orga- This past year at the AAG meeting in New York City, New York, everyone in attendance had nizes the educational content for the program. For more information, visit urisa.org. the opportunity to welcome the leaders of geographic societies from around the globe. A set of This year’s conference is chaired by Valrie Grant, special sessions featured dozens of reports of the status of geography and GIScience in other GISP, president of GeoTechVision Enterprises, countries from the top officials of their national geographic associations. This kaleidoscope of international geography and GIS also provided a venue for leaders of international associations to interact with one another, as well as for AAG meeting attendees to get to know personally some of the leading geographers from other countries. These special sessions, entitled Snapshots: Geography in the World Today, will also be a featured event during the AAG’s next ArcGIS for Server Disseminates Annual Meeting, to be held in Los Angeles, California, April 9–13, 2013. Please join me and our international guests in Los Angeles for what promises to be a fascinating exchange on the status of geography and GIS worldwide. Geospatial Services During my sabbatical this past year, I also was able to meet with many and varied geographic societies throughout Europe and Asia in their own countries. Many of these interna- Esri’s ArcGIS for Server adds geographic data Spain 2011 General Election Results tional associations are now working together with the AAG on ongoing projects, such as The and analysis to web applications that serve www.elmundo.es/elecciones/ International Encyclopedia of Geography (see my spring 2012 ArcNews column for more infor- organizations and communities in a variety of elecciones-generales/resultados/ mation) and on preparations for a geography and GIS presence at the decadal United Nations ways. To submit an ArcGIS for Server site ad- mapa.html (UN) Sustainable Development Conference (also known as Rio+20), that was held in June dress and view other websites powered by ELMUNDO.es and Esri España Geosistemas 2012 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. I would like to thank Esri for its long and crucial participation ArcGIS for Server, visit esri.com/serversites. S.A., Esri’s distributor in Spain, provide an inter- in the AAG’s My Community, Our Earth: Geographic Learning for Sustainable Development active map of the 2011 general elections. (MyCOE) partnership. Save the Children Italia atlante.savethechildren.it Cleveland GIS New Collaborations with China Save the Children Italia produced more than www.clevelandgis.org/pub/index. As part of a two-month visiting professorship at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) this 70 maps of demographic, environmental, and html?config=land.xml past year, I was fortunate to be able to attend the annual meeting of the Geographical Society fiscal spending data that highlight the econom- Cleveland GIS provides authoritative geospatial of China (GSC), held in Urumqi (Wulamuqi) in Xinjiang Province in the far west of China, as ic plight of children in Italy. information to support situational awareness well as to work with many others throughout China to establish and solidify collaborative and better decision making across the region. initiatives between the AAG and key Chinese geographic institutions, including the CAS, the GSC, and many university geography departments. Esri’s pioneering GIS systems are in widespread use in China and throughout Asia, both in Go Green universities and in government and industry. Many of China’s booming cities rely on ArcGIS to plan, design, and manage their infrastructure, as well as to understand the complex interactions between their changing urban environments and human activities. To better understand these urban spatial processes, the AAG has joined with the Hong ArcNews Online Kong Geographical Society and the Geographical Society of China to help organize and sup- esri.com/arcnews port the Conference on Spatial and Social Transformations of Urban China scheduled for December 13–14, 2012. (See www.hkbu.edu.hk/curs/2012conference for more information.) Building on the theme of this Hong Kong conference, AAG’s incoming president Eric Sheppard also will be developing a track of sessions at the AAG Los Angeles conference in 2013 on inter- Paperless Option national cities and urban systems, with a special emphasis on the urban explosion in Asia. The joint projects and programs under way between the AAG and multiple Chinese geogra- You can be noti ed by e-mail phy institutions now encompass geographic research, international online education, publica- when new issues of ArcNews tions, specialty scientific meetings, larger international conferences, and academic exchanges are available online. You can still at all levels. An AAG-GSC Liaison and Coordination Committee has been established to help Larger Screen Shots receive the print version as well, manage, sustain, and expand these cooperative efforts. Its initial members include eight lead- or elect to save a tree and go ing geographers from China and the United States: Michael Solem (AAG), Zhou Chenghu You asked for more detailed completely electronic. (CAS), Liu Weidong (CAS), Zhang Guoyou (CSG), Yu Lizhong (president of East Normal China screen shots, you got it! Enlarge University), Mei-Po Kwan (UC Berkeley), Alexander Murphy (University of Oregon), and myself. ArcNews screen shots simply by The projects undertaken to date are topically cross-cutting and designed to produce prog- clicking on them. ress in geography in both countries and foster broader personal and professional interaction among individual geographers and GIScientists from the United States and China. The Geographical Society of China and the Association of American Geographers solidified their growing collaborative relationship and activity during a formal signing ceremony of a Expanded Content memorandum of understanding during the AAG’s recent Annual Meeting in New York City. Asian geographers and GIScientists are attending the AAG Annual Meeting in rapidly growing numbers each year. I encourage you to join us in welcoming our international attendees The online version of ArcNews from Asia—as well as from all countries—at the next AAG meeting in Los Angeles in 2013 includes the same content as and to explore with them ways in which we might mutually benefit from our exchanges and the print edition plus special strengthen geography and GIScience through our collective efforts. Thanks, and I hope you features, such as podcasts and enjoy the upcoming Los Angeles conference, meeting old and new friends, enriching our disci- additional articles. pline and ourselves intellectually and socially, and perhaps along the way also addressing the many needs of our interconnected world.—Doug Richardson Update your subscription preferences today at For more information about the AAG and the Los Angeles meeting, see www.aag.org. esri.com/arcnewsonlinesub esri.com/arcnews Community News 41 Esri Partner Solutions

Esri has relationships with over 2,000 Partners of infraMAP is due to the easy-to-use interface globally that provide customer-focused for all users, simple reporting features for man- “Geo Learning” geoenabled solutions. Th ese Partners have ex- agement, and direct connection to existing Esri tensive experience providing GIS solutions and data. A column by Daniel C. Edelson, services across our core industries. Partner- Vice President for Education, National Geographic Society provided solutions and services range from Public Web Application custom-built applications to complete ArcGIS system implementations. In this issue, we Blue Raster would like to recognize those Partners that won www.blueraster.com a 2012 Esri Partner Conference Award. Th ese Indonesian Rain Forest Preservation (Forest organizations have exhibited practical yet in- Cover Analyzer) Geo-Education: Preparation for novative applications of the latest features in To preserve endangered rain forests in ArcGIS, taking geographic visualization to a Indonesia, the World Resources Institute 21st-Century Decisions higher level. (WRI) has launched Project Palm Oil, Timber, For a complete list and description of our Carbon Off sets (POTICO), a revolutionary ap- Geo-education is about preparing people to the modern world. Individuals with geospatial Partners and their off erings, visit the Esri web- proach to ecosystem management. Working make the important decisions we will all face reasoning skills are in high demand in fi elds as site at esri.com/partners. with spatial analysis tools developed by Blue in the 21st century. At National Geographic, we diverse as military logistics, intelligence, natu- Raster, Project POTICO aims to divert planned call people who are prepared to make these de- ral resources management, and supply-chain Extension to Desktop oil palm plantations away from virgin tropical cisions geo-literate. management. forests to already degraded lands, a swap that Geo-literacy requires three kinds of Interactions across cultures—Our local com- Telvent will prevent deforestation, reduce greenhouse understanding: munities are increasingly diverse, and our daily www.telvent.com gas emissions, and encourage sustainable ag- lives increasingly involve interactions with peo- ArcFM Fiber Manager ricultural development. Using the Forest Cover Interactions—A geo-literate individual under- ple in faraway places. Both of these trends make ArcFM Fiber Manager addresses the need for Analyzer, government agencies and nongov- stands that the world is composed of interact- it important that members of our society be enterprise GIS in the telecom market by provid- ernmental organizations can compare current ing systems that move and transform resources. culturally literate, meaning able to communi- ing an innovative solution that utilizes the pow- and historic satellite images of Indonesian for- Th ese may be social systems, like political, eco- cate and collaborate eff ectively with individuals er and fl exibility of the ArcGIS 10 platform. Th e ests to determine if oil palm companies are us- nomic, and cultural systems. Th ey may be tech- from diff erent cultures. graphic, data-rich environment allows telecoms ing degraded lands and meeting the standards nological systems, like transportation, energy Environmental and social impacts—Both and utilities to get the information they need of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil. In transmission, and communications systems. Or the connections that knit together our world quickly and easily. It provides benefi ts across addition to using Esri ArcGIS 10 for Server and they may be environmental systems, like hydro- ever more tightly and the growth in our global the organization, including traditional asset ArcGIS API 2.4 for Flex, the application uses logical, atmospheric, and ecological systems. population mean that the impacts of our ac- and network inventory, planning and analysis, Adobe Pixel Bender for spatial analysis and the Interconnections—A geo-literate individual tions on the environment and on other people and fi eld mobility, and provides improved op- Flickr API, allowing users to explore more than understands that these systems connect peo- are amplifi ed. Th is makes it all the more impor- erational awareness and decision support for 190 fi eld points and panoramic images collect- ple and places to each other. Th is means that tant that we all be able to anticipate the poten- sales, marketing, and operations. ed to verify maps. events that happen in one location aff ect other tial environmental and social impacts of our people and places. It also means that our ac- actions and make decisions accordingly. Private Web Application Mobile Application tions aff ect other people and places. Global aﬀ airs—While most individuals’ direct Implications—A geo-literate individual is able infl uence on global aff airs is limited, people Geo-Comm, Inc. EnerGov to use his or her understanding of interactions throughout the world have growing opportuni- www.geo-comm.com www.enerGov.com and interconnections to make well-reasoned ties to shape global aff airs through participa- GeoLynx Server iG Workforce decisions. Th is means being able to anticipate tion in political processes and public opinion. GeoLynx Server is a web-based mapping system iG Workforce by EnerGov is a government the cascading consequences of actions that So geo-literacy is important to be able to par- for public safety and law enforcement person- platform for the next generation of mobility. result from systems interactions and inter- ticipate in the public debate about trade, diplo- nel. GeoLynx Server combines detailed GIS iG Workforce utilizes the latest in cloud-based connections among people and places. It also macy, military action, and foreign aid. maps with real-time 9-1-1 caller locations so architecture to centrally manage government means being able to weigh costs and benefi ts Acts of caring—By “acts of caring,” I mean ac- telecommunicators can see origins of 9-1-1 calls business data extended to the Apple iPad. Th e for oneself, for one’s community, and for other tions to improve the lives of other people or care from landline and wireless phones, Voice over line of business applications released in the people and places when making decisions. for the world that we share. Th is includes eff orts Internet Protocol (VoIP) devices, and telemat- iG Workforce suite of applications includes iG to alleviate poverty, reduce hunger, or improve ics services. GeoLynx Server integrates with Inspect for government fi eld inspection pro- More important than what it requires is what health care and education. It also includes wild- any computer-aided dispatch (CAD) system to cesses and iG Reviews for regulatory electronic geo-literacy enables you to do. Here are six cat- life conservation and environmental restora- map CAD incidents, provide map-based drag- plans review management. egories of critical decisions that geo-literacy tion. Whether one is taking action oneself or and-drop dispatching, and discover the nearest prepares people to make: providing fi nancial support, it is important to available units to dispatch. Enterprise Integration Application be able to make informed decisions about what Community life—A geo-literate individual un- actions are most likely to have a meaningful Stand-Alone Desktop Application APOS Systems, Inc. derstands the factors that improve or degrade and lasting impact. Th is requires geo-literacy. www.apos.com the quality of life in a community. Th ese factors iWater, Inc. APOS Location Intelligence Solution include everything from walkability to cultural Th e challenge of geo-education is weaving www.iwater.org Th e APOS Location Intelligence Solution (LIS) resources to housing stock. A geo-literate indi- the knowledge and reasoning skills required to www.inframapsoftware.com gives many business intelligence information vidual is able to use that understanding to (1) make these six categories of critical decisions infraMAP consumers their fi rst glimpse of GIS technol- make good personal choices about where to live into the written curriculum of schools and the Th e infraMAP software is created on ArcGIS ogy, complementing their existing decision and spend time, and (2) make good civic choic- unwritten curriculum of home and community Engine and is used as both an offi ce desktop workfl ows and enriching the decision-making es about how to improve the quality of life in his life. Th is is a challenge that we have not yet tak- and disconnected mobile version. Since infra- environment through geospatial visualization. or her community. en on explicitly in our modern society, but we MAP was created for ease of fi eld operator use, Th e APOS solution makes GIS more pervasive Location and transportation—A geo-literate must all take it on if we are to prepare today’s it has expanded beyond the original water and within the enterprise because it integrates com- individual is able to reason through problems youth for the world they will inherit. wastewater industry; it is used in all public util- plex business processes with GIS content rather involving site selection and transportation ities and as an easy interface for several work than creating a competing workfl ow. In simple planning. Th ese problems come up in per- Follow Daniel Edelson on Twitter: order asset management products. Th e out-of- terms, APOS brokers the communication of sonal, professional, and civic life, but they are @NatGeoEdelson. the-box functionality includes disconnected data between enterprise GIS and the enterprise particularly important in professional life in geodatabase editing, real-time GPS navigation business intelligence, giving the traditional and connection for additions and updates, business intelligence user access to maps and work location routing, photo additions, and geoprocessing and improving the GIS user’s ac- redline documentation. All these can be syn- cess to nongeographic business data and com- URISA’s 50th Anniversary chronized and added to the geodatabase by ei- plex business workfl ows. ther wired or wireless connection. Th e success URISA’s milestone 50th anni- by the Northwest GIS Users Group (www. versary annual conference— nwgis.org). GIS-Pro 2012—will take For regular updates and conference de- place from September 30 tails, visit www.urisa.org and follow the con- Visit ArcNews Online at to October 4 in Portland, ference on Twitter (#gispro2012). See you in Oregon. Th is year’s conference will be cohosted Portland! esri.com/arcnews.

42 ArcNews Summer 2012 esri.com/arcnews “Managing GIS” Save Time, Expense A column from members of the & Embarrassment! Urban and Regional Information Systems Association

Spell check your maps with... Avoiding Last-Minute Metadata Misery By Ryan E. Bowe, GISP, GIS Technician II, Photo Science, Inc., and April H. Davis, GISP, GIS Analyst III, Southwest Florida Water Management District

All GIS professionals have had to read metadata to determine details about the data. And some “lucky” users have had the opportunity to write the metadata. More often than not, this task is not addressed until the end of the project. Just when the end is near, someone usually chimes in with “What about the metadata?” Everyone dreads eleventh-hour metadata requests. Th ey seem to get tougher every time: the fi rst project required a last-minute Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC)- compliant fi le; the next project mandated v. 4.0 completing all optional fi elds relevant to the dataset. Although few metadata authors are willing to admit it, many are guilty of fi xing last-minute metadata requests and then immediately trying to develop amnesia for the The extension corrects: entire painful process. Th e last straw for some might be attempting to use a profi le they have • Tables never used before. Th e problem is that no one ArcGIS software’s Item Description editor provides metadata • Legends can predict the future or read minds. Not all authors with the ability to see the data relating to the meta- • Layer labels the variables will be known until the data you data. A simple digital elevation model (DEM) tile layout is are describing has been completed. When a depicted while preparing a template for fi le-level metadata • Scale objects template is not provided, a metadata author generation. The Metadata Contact Address section is active • Grouped graphics needs a crystal ball to fi gure out if what they and is an example of a section that is predetermined and • Geodatabase annotations write will be descriptive enough for a user. could be built into a government agency’s template. Excuses will always be plentiful, and writing • Map and layout annotations metadata will always be one of the last steps to completing a project. It’s time to stop de- immediately evident. As a bonus, there is no available gives the data steward a place to di- veloping excuses and start planning for last- need to worry about contact or distribution rect the user for more information. And now... minute metadata requests. information, because this has been prepopu- Working with the data users within an or- lated in the template. ganization, as well as with the fi rm produc- Develop a Template Once a new profi le has been accepted by an ing the data, to create a template is a win-win • Dynamic Text For a governmental agency, standard language organization, a template is nearly complete. situation for everyone. It lets the organization (75+ properties) for the data’s usage, distribution information, All that remains is the insertion of some form identify all the information it would like with- and contact information is probably prede- of tag or comment to denote a fi eld that will in the metadata, and it saves the fi rm creat- FREE 90-Day Download termined, so why not create a metadata tem- need to be updated when the profi le is used ing the data from looking into a crystal ball to plate that already has those fi elds populated? again. Also, with one round of reviews com- determine its client’s exact needs. U.S. Patent No. 7,681,126 ELA and volume discounts available Templates are the most powerful tools to ease pleted, an organization will have a better idea Esri trademarks provided under license from Esri the anguish of last-minute metadata requests. of how users are utilizing the information pro- About the Authors Th ey provide a method of introduction to new vided in the metadata. A list of elements that Ms. Ryan E. Bowe, GISP, has been working at software interfaces. While the occasional new are frequently requested or potentially diffi cult Photo Science, Inc., of Lexington, Kentucky, 888-334-3832 requirement will arise, existing templates may to populate can be compiled. Most organiza- for six years as a GIS technician, as well as an www.Edgetech-US.com provide components of sections that will be tions will produce and document the same alternate sensor operator. She has her bach- Edgetech America, Inc. the same. For example, projections that are types of data on a recurring basis. Templates elor of arts in anthropology and sociology An Esri partner since 1995 frequently used within an organization can be for each data type could be developed. For ex- from Centre College of Danville, Kentucky. quickly added. ample, with orthophotos, it could be as simple April H. Davis, GISP, has been working at Th e Southwest Florida Water Management as having a template for four-band, half-foot; Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD) held a metadata work- three-band RGB one-foot; and three-band col- District in Brooksville, Florida, for fi ve years “I love your product...” shop with state GIS professionals and various or infrared one-meter templates ready to edit. as a GIS analyst. She has her bachelor of sci- mapping vendors. Th e workshop focused on Having diffi culties constructing the tem- ence in geosciences from Mississippi State developing an FGDC-compliant metadata plates? Th at could be helpful! Learning more University and her master of science in ge- template for orthophotos, but the same prin- about the standard will facilitate better meta- ography from University of Florida. Both ciples can apply to all types of data. In fact, data completion. Th erefore, it is best to obtain authors participated in the Department “What a useful tool!” SWFWMD used the orthophoto metadata a copy of the metadata documentation to of Transportation Metadata Conference, template to develop a similar template for determine exactly which elements are man- and Davis led the Southwest Florida Water lidar. Th e group agreed on specifi c details datory and which are optional. Also, using Management District metadata conference “One of the best extensions that needed to be included in the abstract, an existing metadata fi le from your organiza- in which Bowe participated. anybody has created for ArcMap.” source material, logical consistency, and pro- tion will help show what type of information cess steps sections. Going through each of is required and to what detail the metadata For more information, contact Ms. Ryan E. the sections allowed the group to decide on should be completed, or even perhaps what Bowe (e-mail: [email protected]) or the best information that would benefi t ev- information is missing. Data stewards within April H. Davis (e-mail: april.davis@swfwmd. UC Booth #217 eryone. A template that could be distributed an organization often receive many inquiries state.fl .us). To learn about metadata creation to any GIS fi rm was created; the result was for information about the data. If there is a and editing in ArcGIS 10, see esri.com/ a document that essentially allows users to particular detail that is often requested, make what-is-metadata. simply fi ll in the blanks. When the metadata sure it is included in the template. Of course, compiler opens the metadata template fi le, not everyone checks the metadata before call- the information that needs to be populated is ing or e-mailing, but at least having the details esri.com/arcnews Community News 43 How Modern Geospatial Technology Helps New Training and Certifi cation Solve Spatial Problems Offerings from Esri New Books from Esri Press Th e Esri Guide to GIS Analysis, Mapping Census 2010: Training Volume 3: Modeling Suitability, Movement, Th e Geography of American Change and Interaction By Riley Peake New Instructor-Led Foundational Courses By Andy Mitchell Using the latest census data and GIS technol- For the past several ArcGIS releases, Esri Training Services has off ered three instructor-led For someone who has a well-defi ned spatial ogy, Mapping Census 2010 examines how our foundational courses to teach core GIS concepts and effi cient ways to visualize, manage, and problem to solve, Th e Esri Guide to GIS Analysis, unique population is moving and changing. analyze geographic data using ArcGIS for Desktop. 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44 ArcNews Summer 2012 esri.com/arcnews Peru and Mexico—Esri T-shirts at Ancient Icons of the Western Hemisphere

Scott Rawhouser, GIS analyst, Allentown, Pennsylvania, wore his Esri T-shirt while visiting Machu Picchu in Peru. Talk about a high! Abdiel Quezada, departmental applications specialist, Regional Geospatial Service Center, El Paso, Texas, posed with his Esri T-shirt in front of the Pyramid of the Sun in Teotihuacan near Mexico City. He was acting as tourist guide for a group of friends from the Czech Republic. Abdiel Quezada in Mexico. Wear an Esri T-shirt in a unique location and send a photograph to ArcNews. Photos will be considered for use in ArcNews, the expanded T-shirt section at ArcNews Online, or both. Upload digital photos at ArcNews Online or send via e-mail ([email protected]). Digital images are preferred, but prints or slides can be sent to ArcNews T-shirt Feature, Esri, 380 New York Street, Redlands, California 92373-8100 USA. See ArcNews Online at esri. com/arcnews.

Scott Rawhouser in Peru.

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