Unit 1: Narrative Scope and Sequence

STAGE DATE A.D. SETTING CHARACTERS STORY LINE CULTURAL INTRODUCED BACKGROUND UNIT 1 Stage 1 79 Pompeii: Caecilius' house Lucius Caecilius Iucundus, wife Cerberus steals food. Caecilius and Metella and Metella, son Quintus, slaves their household; houses in Clemens and Grumio (cook ), Pompeii dog Cerberus Stage 2 79 Pompeii: Caecilius' house amicus , ancilla Dinner party; Grumio eats, drinks, fl irts, as A typical day: clothing, host and guest sleep. food Stage 3 79 Pompeii: Forum Pantagathus (barber), Celer Celer paints Hercules at Caecilius' ho use; The town of Pompeii (painter), Syphax (slave-dea ler), Pantagathus, angry at poet, cuts cust omer; Melissa (slave-girl) Caecilius buys Melissa from Syphax; Metella does not like Melissa. Stage 4 79 Pompeii: Forum Hermogenes (merchant) Hermogenes borrows money from C aecilius, The Forum refuses to repay; court scene; Caecilius wins. Stage 5 79 Pompeii: Theater Actius (actor), Poppaea (sla ve- Holiday play attended by all Caeciliu s' The Theater girl), Lucrio (her master) household except Grumio. Poppaea has trouble getting Lucrio to go to play s o she can meet her boyfriend (= Grumio). Stage 6 79 Pompeii: Forum, tavern , Felix (freedman) Quintus rescues Clemens and Grum io from Slaves and freedmen Caecilius' house dog, witnesses fight between farmer and Greek merchant, meets Felix in tave rn, invites him home; story is told of ho w Felix earned his freedom by saving the inf ant Quintus from a kidnapper. Stage 7 79 Pompeii: Caecilius' house Decens (guest), ghost of Pugnax Felix, at Caecilius' banquet, tells stor y of Burial customs; Roman (gladiator), Decens' two slaves werewolf. Decens fails to arrive, bec ause he beliefs about life after has been murdered. death woods on Mt. Vesuvius; Quintus and Felix go boar-hunting; Quintus Pompeii: Caecilius' house kills boar. Metella consoles Melissa, who has been scolded by Grumio and Clemens. Stage 8 59 (sic) Pompeii: Amphitheater senator Regulus Regulus gives gladiatorial show, whic h ends Amphitheater; gladiatorial in a riot between Nucerians and Pompeians. shows; the riot at Pompeii Stage 9 79 Pompeii: baths Milo (athlete); Sceledrus, Quintus' birthday visit to baths with The Baths Anthrax (public slaves) Caecilius. Milo hurls discus; Quintus throws it and damages Milo's statue. Sceledr us and Anthrax apprehend a toga thief. Pompeii: the Forum Marcellus ( mercator ) Metella and Melissa buy Quintus a new toga for his birthday. Stage 10 79 Pompeii: school Theodorus (teacher), Alexan der Debate: "Greeks are better than Rom ans"; Education; writing Pompeii: Alexander's (friend of Quintus), Diodor us Alexander wins: "Romans are imitato rs." materials house and Thrasymachus (brother s of Quarrel over 3 presents for Alexand er's 2 Pompeii: tavern Alexander) brothers: Quintus settles by taking o ne for himself. Syphax pays tavern bill with old Egy ptian ring; bad luck comes to all. Grumio and Poppaea eventually find it. What wil l happen to them? Stage 11 March 79 Pompeii: around the town Marcus and Quartus (broth ers), Sulla makes profit by painting signs f or Local government and (i.e. house of Marcus an d Sulla (sign-painter), Holcon ius brothers advertising their candidates. Grumio elections Quartus, near the and Afer (candidates) tries to earn money by voting illegall y. Amphitheater, Caecilius ' Clemens earns 10 denarii by rescuing house, the Forum) Caecilius from riot, goes out with Poppaea. Stage 12 August 24, Nuceria, Pompeii: day o f Julius (friend of Caecilius) Turmoil: Clemens saves Julius, who then The eruption of Vesuvius; 79 eruption flees. Clemens finds Caecilius dying . excavation of Pompeii Caecilius orders Clemens to find Quintus and give him signet ring. Caecilius dies, Clemens departs, Cerberus stands guard. Unit 2: Narrative Scope and Sequence

STAGE DATE A.D. SETTING CHARACTERS STORY LINE CULTURAL INTRODUCED BACKGROUND

UNIT 2

Stage 13 Autumn, 82 Britain: Salvius' country Gaius Salvius Liberalis (circuit Varica reports that Salvius, who killed a mine British tribal system; estate judge in southern Britain), slave, has been wounded by slave's son. invasions of Caesar and Rufilla (Salvius' wife), Varica Salvius has demanded revenge. At inspection Claudius; Romanization; (farm manager), Philus of estate slaves, Slavius strikes Bregans; the the career of Salvius (accountant), Volubilis (house dog being led by Bregans attacks Salvius, but cook), Bregans (farm slave), cannot be killed, because it is a gift of King Loquax and Anti-Loquax (slave- Cogidubnus. Salvius orders Cervix sold boys), Pompeius Optatus (mine because he is sick. manager), Alator (mine slave), Cervix (head plowman) Stage 14 Autumn, 82 Britain: Salvius' country Marcia (old slave-woman), Salvius and Rufilla quarrel over country Life in Roman Britain: estate Domitilla (slave-girl) estate. Domitilla gets Volubilis to do her houses, mining, farming, work. Rufilla uses Salvius' best furnishings to slavery. decorate a room for her relative Quintus. Quintus, who came earlier to Britain from Pompeii, has a present for Cogidubnus better than Salvius'.

Stage 15 October 13, Britain: Cogidubnus' Cogidubnus (king of the Cogidubnus sacrifices to deified Emperor The reaction of various 82 palace Regnenses), Belimicus Claudius and cremates his effigy. Boat race Celtic chiefs to the arrival (Cantiacan chieftain), Dumnorix between Belimicus and Dumnorix: Belimicus' of the Romans: Boudica, (Regnensian chieftain) recklessness leads to shipwreck, Dumnorix Cartimandua, wins. Cogidubnus. Stage 16 Winter, 82 Britain: Cogidubnus' Emperor Vespasian Belimicus tries to get revenge on Dumnorix The Palace at Fishbourne Flashback: palace by introducing a trained bear at a banquet. Winter 79 - Bear attacks Cogidubnus; Quintus kills it. Autumn 80 Quintus tells king his sad story: he sold his father's estates in the winter of 79, visited Athens in the spring and summer of 80, and moved to Alexandria in the autumn of 80. Cogidubnus tells Quintus about his palace: Emperor Vespasian built it in gratitude for the king's help during Roman invasion of Britain.

Stage 17 Flashback Alexandria: around the Barbillus (wealthy merchant), Quintus, visiting Barbillus in Alexandria, is Alexandria (cont.): city Diogenes (Greek friend of given Egyptian slave, who is killed when Winter, 80 Barbillus), Plancus (a bore) crowd attacks Diogenes' house where Quintus has taken refuge. Plancus bores Barbillus and Quintus en route to the Temple of Serapis. Barbillus tells story of Arab merchant carried off by monstrous bird, from whose nest he stole jewels now owned by Barbillus.

Stage 18 Flashback Alexandria: glass stores of Eutychus ("protection" Clemens, for whom Quintus has bought a Glassmaking; the Romans (cont.): Clemens and Eutychus racketeer) glass store, is harassed by Eutychus and his in Egypt Winter 80 gang for refusal to pay protection money. He is saved by cat, sacred to goddess Isis, whose devotee Clemens has become.

Stage 19 Flashback Alexandria: city and Aristo (Greek amateur Family quarrels between Aristo, Galatea, and The worship of Isis (cont.): harbor tragedian), Galatea (his wife), Helena provide a comic interlude to sacred March 5, 81 Helena (their daughter) procession of goddess Isis.

Flashback Barbillus' estate on Nile Phormio (Barbillus' estate- Barbillus' astrologer warns him against (cont.): river manager), Barbillus' personal hunting; Barbillus goes hunting anyway, but, Spring, 81 astrologer attacked by a hippopotamus and crocodile, is wounded in melee by a spear. Stage 20 Flashback Barbillus' estate on Nile Petro (Greek doctor), Plotina Astrologer's superstitious cures are scorned Medicine, science and (cont.): river (Barbillus' [deceased] wife), by Petro. Barbillus tells Quintus how his wife technology Spring, 81 Rufus (their son) and son sailed to Greece against advice of astrologer. Plotina drowned at sea; he disinherited Rufus, who is now in Roman army in Britain. Barbillus dies of astrologer's cure, but first commissions Quintus to find Rufus and assure him of his father's forgiveness. Last will and testament of Barbillus. Unit 3: Narrative Scope and Sequence

STAGE DATE SETTING CHARACTER S STORY LINE CULTURAL A.D. INTRODUCED BACKGROUND UNIT 3 Stage 21 Spring, Britain: Cogidub nus' Lucius Marcius Memor Cogidubnus wond ers whether to go to Romano-British town of A.D. 83 palace at Fishbo urne, (haruspex, and director of Aquae Sulis for a h ealth cure. Salvius Aquae Sulis, its baths and and Aquae Sulis (Bath) shrine at Aquae Sulis), advises him to mak e his will. In Aquae temple complex. Cephalus (his f reedman) Sulis, Salvius order s Memor to kill Cogidubnus. In tu rn, Memor orders Cephalus to kill the king.

Stage 22 Spring, Britain: Aquae S ulis Modestus and S trythio Vilbia, an innkeepe r's daughter, has Magic, curses, and A.D. 83 (Bath) (Roman soldier s), Latro become infatuated with Modestus, a superstitions. (local innkeepe r), Vilbia and Roman soldier from the Second Legion Rubria (Latro's daughters), on leave in Aquae Sulis, and has rejected Bulbus (Vilbia's lover), her previous boyfr iend, Bulbus. Gutta (Bulbus' friend) Strythio, Modestus ' friend, acts as go- between. Bulbus c onvinces his friend, Gutta, to imperson ate Vilbia and distract Modestus. Then Bulbus shoves Modestus into the sacred spring from where Modestus b egs for mercy and rejects Vilbia. Afte r hearing this, Vilbia is reunited with Bu lbus. Stage 23 Spring, Britain: Aquae Sulis Cephalus offers Co gidubnus a cup Roman religion, astrology. A.D. 83 (Bath) which has poisone d contents. Because Quintus has seen a similar cup in Egypt, he stops the king f rom drinking. Dumnorix forces C ephalus to drink the cup's contents. Ce phalus dies. A slave of Cephalus' delive rs a letter to Cogidubnus which reveals Memor's complicity. Cogidu bnus attempts to dismiss Memor fro m his position at the baths. Salvius inte rvenes and puts Cogidubnus under house arrest.

Stage 24 Spring, Britain: various locales Gnaeus Julius A gricola A comic interlude where a bridge Travel and A.D. 83 (governor of B ritain) collapses when Mo destus attempts to communication in the cross it. Salvius or ders all chieftains of Roman world. the Regnenses to b e arrested. Dumnorix eludes S alvius' men, goes to Quintus' house, an d seeks assistance for Cogidubnus. Quin tus suggests going to Agricola, who outr anks Salvius. The two steal horses be longing to Salvius and gallop north in search of Agricola. Meanwhile, Salvius sends Belimicus and thirty horsemen to arrest Quintus and Dumnorix. Salviu s also sends an incriminating letter to Agricola. Dumnorix is killed and Quintus is wounded when the horsemen attack them. Stage 25 Spring, Britain: legionar y Valerius (centu rion), Vercobrix, son of t he Deceanglian The legionary solder; the A.D. 83 fortress at Deva Vercobrix (son of chieftain, is caught spying on the camp auxiliaries. (Chester) Deceanglian ch ieftain) at Deva (modern C hester). Modestus and Strythio are se nt to guard him, but, because of their in attention and inefficiency, he esc apes. Modestus and Strythio flee in ord er to avoid punishment.

Stage 26 Spring, Britain: legionar y Gaius Julius Sil anus The soldiers welco me Agricola to the Organization of the A.D. 83 fortress at Deva (commander of Second camp at Deva. Sal vius and Belimicus legion; senior officers; (Chester) Legion) are waiting to tell h im of the supposed Agricola. treason of Cogidub nus. An exhausted and wounded Quintus makes a dramatic entrance, proclaim ing that he is a Roman citizen and that Cogidubnus is innocent. Rufus, o ne of Agricola's military tribunes, q uestions Quintus. In the course of doing this, Rufus reveals himself as Barbillu s' long-lost son, and because of his fath er's letter can vouch for Quintus. Agric ola orders Salvius to apologize to Cogid ubnus, but Salvius informs him that t he emperor wants tribute from the pr ovinces, not victories over tribes in the n orth. A messenger announces the dea th of Cogidubnus. Stage 27 Spring, Britain: legionar y Aulus and Pub licus (friends Modestus and Strythio have been hiding The legionary fortress. A.D. 83 fortress at Deva of Modestus an d Strythio), under the granary at Deva for two days. (Chester) Nigrina (dancin g girl) Boredom and hunger force Modestus to send Strythio out f or food, wine, dice, friends, and a danc ing girl. Vercobrix and a small band o f men creep into the camp to burn the g rain supply and in the process bump into Modestus. His tunic catches fire, h is shouts rouse the camp, and the Brit ons are caught The camp commander rewards Modestus by putting him in cha rge of the jail!

Stage 28 Spring, Cogidubnus' palace and By his own forgery of Cogidubnus' will, Interpreting the evidence: A.D. 83 the area nearby. Salvius becomes he ir to the king, since our knowledge of Roman Dumnorix is dead and the Romans have Britain. abolished the Regn ensian kingship. Belimicus, in his ea gerness for even more honors than Salvius has given him, tries to unite surviv ing chieftains in a conspiracy. The p lot is reported to Salvius, who invite s Belimicus to the palace and poisons him. The other chieftains remain l oyal to Salvius.

Stage 29 Flashbac k: Rome: Arch of Titus, Emperor Dom itian, Haterius, a buildin g contractor, and Origins of Rome; the September, Mamertine priso n Haterius (contractor), Glitus Salvius, his patron, oversee completion Roman Forum; Rome A.D. 81 (Haterius' forem an), Simon of the Arch of Titu s. Meanwhile, in and Judea. (a Jewish captiv e boy), his prison, a Jewish m other tells her mother, grandm other, and children the story o f the mass suicide of younger sibling s; references the defenders of M asada, and of her to Emperor Tit us, Eleazar actions to save her family. At the (Jewish rebel le ader), Lucius dedication ceremo ny for the arch, the Flavius Silva (commander of eldest son, Simon, kills all the family, Tenth Legion a t Masada) including himself, as a gesture of defiance. Stage 30 Flashbac k: Rome: Subura, Vitellia (Haterius' wife) Haterius feels betr ayed because he has Roman engineering. September, Haterius' house on the not received a rewa rd promised by A.D. 81 Esquiline hill, an d Salvius. Prompted by his wife, Vitellia, worksite Haterius escorts Sa lvius to his building site and takes him up in his crane for a view of Rome. Sal vius, terrified but cunning still, sells Haterius a plot of land for a prestigious to mb.

Stage 31 Flashbac k: Rome: Subura, Euphrosyne (G reek Euphrosyne, a Gre ek philosopher, The city of Rome; Autumn , Haterius' house on the philosopher rec ommended arrives in Rome an d travels from the patronage and Roman A.D. 82 Esquiline hill to Haterius) an d her slave, Tiber through the Subura. She society. Haterius' praec , Quintus witnesses the salut atio at Haterius' Haterius Chrys ogonus house. The herald rebuffs the efforts of (freedman of Haterius, living Euphrosyne and h er slave to gain in Greece), Ery llus admittance. (Haterius' arbiter elegantiae) Stage 32 Flashbac k: Rome: Subura, Titus Flavius S abinus Eryllus informs Ha terius that he has Roman beliefs: religion Autumn , Haterius' house on the (consul), client- visitors, and invited Euphrosyne as entertainment for and philosophy. A.D. 82 Esquiline hill Haterius' dinne r guests: his birthday banqu et. When the herald Apollonius, Lu cius Baebius admits sending her away, he is Crispus (senato r), Rabirius dispatched to fetch her. She returns to Maximus (arch itect) speak at the banqu et, but her lecture causes a riot.

Stage 33 A.D. 83 Rome: Subura, Tychicus (fanat ical The performance b y the pantom#mus , Entertainment. Haterius' house on the Christian), Pari s (famous Paris, at Haterius' a nd Vitellia's house is Esquiline hill, pantomime), M yropnous interrupted by Tyc hicus, proclaiming emperor's palace on (pipe-playing d warf and Christ and Judgme nt Day. Paris gives a the Palatine hill Paris' accompa nist), private performanc e for Empress Epaphroditus ( 's Domitia, but they are interrupted by the freedman), Em press arrival of Epaphroditus and his soldiers. Domitia Augus ta, Olympus Paris escapes. (slave of Domi tia) Stage 34 A.D. 83 Rome: Subura, Chione (slave-g irl of Epaphroditus and Salvius lay a plan to Freedmen and Haterius' house on the Domitia) entrap Domitia and Paris, luring them to freedwomen. Esquiline hill Haterius' house by separate messages. When they are ambushed there together, Myropnous sets a f ire as a diversionary tactic, but Paris die s in a fall from the roof. Domitia rush es to embrace his body and is captur ed. Salvius is promised a consuls hip for his efforts. Domitia is exiled. Myropnous vows revenge. Unit 4: Narrative Scope and Sequence

STAGE H DATE A.D. SETTING CHARACTERS INTRODUCED STORY LINE CULTURAL BACKGROUND

UNIT 4

Stage 35 83 (In letters): Italy Manius Acilius Glabrio, Gaius Helvidius Manius Acilius Glabrio writes to Gaius Country villas; Roman letters Lupus, Helvidius (son of Lupus) Helvidius Lupus from Rome about Domitian’s triumph over the Germans and procession with Spanish slaves in German clothing, discusses Domitian’s council and private life, praises Martial’s poetry, but says he flatters the emperor too much. Lupus replies, tells about country life, warns Glabrio against writing his opinion of those in power: Lupus’ father was exiled and killed for criticizing Vespasian (Domitian’s father); Lupus’ son, Helvidius, has a girlfriend in Rome.

Stage 36 83 Rome Marcus Valerius Martialis (the Martial reads his epigrams aloud; some Recitations epigrammatis, known in English as are extemporaneous about people in the Martial); assorted characters mentioned audience. Glabrio walks out following in his epigrams Martial’s flattery of the emperor.

Stage 37 84 Rome: Palace of Domitian’s council: Lucius Catullus Agricola sends a letter to Domitian, The emperor’s council; the senatorial Domitian on Palatine Messalinus, Quintus Vibius Crispus telling of his victory at Mt. Graupius, career Hill (senator and ex-consul), Aulus Fabricius describing his method of acculturating Veiento, Publius Cornlius fuscus Britain, and requesting permission to (commander of praetorian guard) invade Ireland. Domitian asks opinions of the council members, including Glabrio and Epaphroditus; this scene shows political maneuvering and characteristic behavior of the various council members. Stage 38 90 Rome: house of Titus Flavius Clemens (senator, and Domitian, childless, proposes to adopt Marriage Flavius Clemens relative of the Emperor), Flavia (Flavius’ Clemens’ two sons. He also wants to wife), Polla (their daughter), Sparsus marry off Polla, Clemens’ daughter, aged (Polla’s husband-to-be) 14, to a 50-year-old senator, Sparsus; Clemens finds this hard, since Sparsus has divorced two wives, but his objections are quickly overruled by Domitian. Polla protests that she loves only Helvidius; her mother advises obedience, since Helvidius’ grandfather was killed for offending Vespasian. Helvidius swears to Polla that he will not allow her marriage to Sparsus to take place. The wedding is interrupted by Helvidius, who is arrested, and sent to the emperor to be punished.

Stage 39 90 Rome: palace of Titus and Publius (biological sons of Domitian sends for his adopted sons, Latin literature: books, writers, writing, Domitian on Palatine Flavius and Flavia, brothers of Polla, and Titus and Publius, to see how they are and reading hill adopted sons of Domitian), Marcus doing with their lessons. The boys recite Fabius Quintilianus (rhetorician, and for him a prose version of Ovid’s flood tutor to Titus and Publius) myth. Titus startles Domitian and embarrasses Quintilian by talking back to the emperor. Ovid’s original poetry on the flood is then presented. Stage 40 87 Rome: Curis (Senate Lusius Ursus Servianus (presiding judge), Salvius is accused by Glabrio of forging courts House) Vitellianus (son of Salvius and Rufilla) Cogidubnus’ will and of other crimes in Britain. Memor is one of the chief witnesses against him. Domitian keeps a low profile at first, hoping that Salvius willn not implicate him. Domitia, restored to favor, plots revenge on Salvius; Quintus, who has come to Rome from Britain, testifies against him; an angry mob is now out for his blood; Rufilla abandons him; their son stands by him. Salvius decides not to reveal Domitian’s involvement in his own crimes, so as not to endanger his son further; he makes his will and attempts suicide but is thwarted and condemned to five years in exile. Haterius bravely accompanies his old patron. Glabrio and Quintus are rewarded with the favor and support of the emperor. Myropnous declines an offer of freedom, satisfied that Paris has been avenged at last.

Stage 41 110 Bithynia and Pontus Pliny the Younger, Emperor Trajan The five pairs of letters in this selection The government of the Roman provide a first-hand picture of Roman provinces provincial government in action. They were written c . A.D. 110 to the Emperor Trajan by Pliny the Younger while he was governor of the province of Bithynia and Pontus (Asia Minor). The letters show some of the problems Pliny had to deal with, the ways in which he handled them, and Trajan’s responses. They may also give students some impression of both men’s personalities. Stage 42 50 BC- Various Poets: Phaedrus, Catullus, and Vergil An introduction to latin poetry with Latin poetry AD 104 short selections from Phaedrus, Ctaullus, Horace, Ovid, and vergil. The passages in this Stage have been chosen as short but characteristic samples of works in different styles and genres, including fable, lyric, elegy, didactic (parodied), and epic. (In addition, there are three Martial epigrams in OW 42.2)

Stage 43 Various Ephesus, Rome Widow of Ephesus, Vespillo and Turia The first selection is about a widow who Divorce and remarriage grieves intensely over the death of her husband but ends of having an affair with a soldier in the tomb itself. The second is a eulogy by a husband of a deceased, much-beloved wife.

Stage 44 Mytho-logical Crete, the Aegean Sea Daedalus and Icarus This mythical story from Ovid’s Icarus in art Metamorphoses describes the ill-fated escape of Daedalus, the engineer, and his son, Icarus, from the island of Crete. It has a clear narrative structure, blends humor with pathos, and appeals powerfully to the imagination. It presents the students with a more substantial piece of poetry than those in Stages 36, 39, and 42, and prepares students for the increased complexities of the poetry in Stages 45 and 47.

Stage 45 mid-1st Rome “Lesbia” (Clodia), Furius and Aurelius Eight poems of Catullus on the topic of Catallus and Lesbia, lyric poetry century BC love.

Stage 46 In the course of giving his defense of Oratory Marcus Caelius, manages to deflect attention from the serious charges against Caelius to the credibility of a witness, Clodia.

Stage 47 Aeneas and his men are storm-tossed Epic poetry onto the shore near the spot where the Carthaginians are building their city. Dido fall sin love with Aeneas and they become lovers until Mercury brings Jupiter’s orders to leave. Dido curses the Trojans and their descendants and kills herself. Stage 48 Amulius drives out Numitor, the rightful Historiography king of Alba Longa, and does his best to get rid of Numitor’s twin grandsons, Romulus and Remus, by having the babies thrown into the Tiber. The twins survive, replace their grandfather on the throne, and decide to found their own city. Remus is killed in an argument over naming the city: Rome.