Transit Center District Survey San Francisco, California Final
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TRANSIT CENTER DISTRICT SURVEY SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA FINAL PREPARED BY KELLEY & VERPLANCK FOR THE SAN FRANCISCO PLANNING DEPARTMENT July 22, 2008 KELLEY & VERPLANCK HISTORICAL RESOURCES CONSULTING 2912 DIAMOND STREET #330, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94131 415.337.5824 // WWW.KVPCONSULTING.COM Historic Context Statement Transit Center District Survey San Francisco, California TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 2 A. PURPOSE .................................................................................................................................. 2 B. DEFINITION OF GEOGRAPHICAL AREA ......................................................................................... 2 C. IDENTIFICATION OF HISTORIC CONTEXTS AND PERIODS OF SIGNIFICANCE .................................... 3 II. METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................ 4 III. IDENTIFICATION OF EXISTING SURVEYS, STUDIES AND REPORTS................................ 5 A. HERE TODAY (JUNIOR LEAGUE OF SAN FRANCISCO) ................................................................... 5 B. 1976 CITYWIDE ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY .................................................................................. 5 C. SAN FRANCISCO ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE .............................................................................. 5 D. ARTICLE 10 OF THE SAN FRANCISCO PLANNING CODE ................................................................ 6 E. ARTICLE 11 OF THE SAN FRANCISCO PLANNING CODE/DOWNTOWN AREA PLAN........................... 7 F. UNREINFORCED MASONRY BUILDING (UMB) SURVEY................................................................ 10 G. NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES .............................................................................. 10 H. SECTION 106 AND OTHER TECHNICAL REPORTS....................................................................... 12 IV. HISTORIC CONTEXT.............................................................................................................. 13 A. PREHISTORIC AND EARLY CONTACT ERA: PRE-1776................................................................. 13 B. EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT – SPANISH AND MEXICAN PERIODS: 1776-1846.................................. 14 C. EARLY AMERICAN SETTLEMENT: LAND SUBDIVISION AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT: 1847-1865 ..... 15 D. INDUSTRIAL AND RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT: 1866-1906 ....................................................... 24 E. RECONSTRUCTION: 1907-1929................................................................................................ 31 F. DEPRESSION AND WORLD WAR II: 1930-1945.......................................................................... 36 G. POST-WAR REDEVELOPMENT: 1946-1984................................................................................ 40 F. PRESERVATION AND POSTMODERNISM: 1985-2000 .................................................................. 48 V. DEFINITION OF PROPERTY TYPES ...................................................................................... 52 A. RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS .......................................................................................................... 52 B. COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS.......................................................................................................... 54 C. INSTITUTIONAL......................................................................................................................... 61 VI. RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................................................ 62 A. SIGNIFICANCE AND REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS ................................................................... 62 B. POTENTIAL HISTORIC DISTRICTS .............................................................................................. 63 C. AREAS REQUIRING FUTURE WORK ........................................................................................... 65 VII. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................ 71 VIII. BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................................................................................................... 72 APPENDIX ........................................................................................................................................ A. TABLES ....................................................................................................................................... B. DISTRICT FORM ........................................................................................................................... C. DPR 523 A AND B FORMS ........................................................................................................... July 22, 2008 Kelley & VerPlanck Historic Context Statement Transit Center District Survey San Francisco, California I. INTRODUCTION A. PURPOSE As part of ongoing long-range planning efforts in the area, the City and County of San Francisco has contracted with Kelley & VerPlanck Historical Resources Consulting (KVP) to survey the Transit Center District Area and prepare a Historic Context Statement that summarizes historical patterns of development, describes existing historic resources, and examines the cumulative impact of several major new projects in the Plan Area. The Transit Center District Plan, currently being implemented by the San Francisco Planning Department, is an outgrowth of the 1985 Downtown Plan, in particular the latter document’s policy of extending the city’s urban core south of Market Street. The plan will result in new planning policies and controls for land use, urban form, building design, and improvements to private and publicly owned properties to enhance the public realm. The Transit Center District Plan covers a section of the eastern South of Market Area (SOMA) bounded by Market, Main, Tehama, and New Montgomery streets. At its center is the 1939 Transbay Terminal, a commuter bus station slated to be demolished and replaced with a new office tower and multi-modal transit center. In addition to the proposed 850’ to 1,200 Transit Tower, there are at least seven other privately owned development projects anticipated for the near future in the surrounding area, including an 850’ tower at 350 Mission Street, a 1,200’ tower at 50 1st Street, the 675’ Palace Hotel addition at 2 New Montgomery Street, a 600’-800’ tower at 177-187 Fremont Street, a 500’ tower at 509 Howard Street, a 435’ tower at 222 2nd Street, and an 800’ tower on the north side of Howard Street between 1st and 2nd streets.1 This Historic Context Statement is organized into eight sections, beginning with Section I, Introduction. Section II, Methodology, describes how the survey and Historic Context Statement were researched and prepared. Section III, Identification of Existing Surveys, Studies and Reports, discusses in depth prior survey work in the area and all previously identified historic resources. Section IV, Historic Context, describes important historic events and patterns of events that have contributed to the evolution of the survey area. Section V, Definition of Property Types, defines common property types found in the survey area. Section VI, Recommendations, analyzes the impact of proposed projects in the survey area and proposes an expanded Second and New Montgomery Historic District. The report concludes with Section VII, Conclusion, and Section VIII, Bibliography. B. DEFINITION OF GEOGRAPHICAL AREA The geographical area under study encompasses the entire Transit Center District Plan Area and several surrounding blocks where new construction is anticipated. At the heart of the survey area is the Transbay Terminal Transit Center, the centerpiece of the Transbay Redevelopment Area. The Transbay Redevelopment Area is bounded roughly by Mission, Main, Folsom, and 2nd streets. The survey area itself is somewhat larger, extending east from 3rd Street (including the first parcel on the west side of 3rd Street) to Main Street on the east (including the first parcel on the east side of Main), and from the south side of Market Street on the north to the north side of Folsom Street on the south. The southern boundary is irregularly configured to exclude the Redevelopment Agency’s Zone One-Transbay Downtown Residential area (Figure 1). The survey area is generally flat, although the grade rises steadily uphill toward the south where it meets Rincon Hill. Prior to the Gold Rush of 1848-49, much of the survey area was submerged, including nearly everything east of 1st Street. West of 1st Street, most of the survey area was occupied by sand dunes interspersed with narrow wooded valleys. Grading and filling operations gradually erased these natural features in preparation for development. Presently, the entire 1 San Francisco Planning Department, “Downtown Proposed or Potential Projects Exceeding Current Height Limit” (San Francisco: unpublished map, 2007). -2- July 22, 2008 Kelley & VerPlanck. Historic Context Statement Transit Center District Survey San Francisco, California survey area is thoroughly urbanized. Much of the eastern portion of the survey area has been gradually redeveloped by private capital to the extent that very few pre-1960 resources remain east of 1st Street. Concentrations of historic post-1906 Earthquake masonry and wood-frame