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Comprehensive Study on Passenger Transport by Coach in Europe

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Comprehensive Study on Passenger Transport by Coach in Europe Comprehensive Study DG MOVE, European on Passenger Transport Commission by Coach in Europe Final Report Our ref: P22800701 April 2016 Client ref: MOVE/D3/2014-261 Comprehensive Study DG MOVE, European on Passenger Transport Commission by Coach in Europe Final Report Our ref: P22800701 April 2016 Client ref: MOVE/D3/2014-261 Prepared by: Prepared for: Steer Davies Gleave DG MOVE, European Commission 28-32 Upper Ground Directorate-General for Mobility and London SE1 9PD Transport Unit D3 Rue de Mot 28 B-1049 Brussels +44 20 7910 5000 www.steerdaviesgleave.com Steer Davies Gleave has prepared this material for DG MOVE, European Commission. This material may only be used within the context and scope for which Steer Davies Gleave has prepared it and may not be relied upon in part or whole by any third party or be used for any other purpose. Any person choosing to use any part of this material without the express and written permission of Steer Davies Gleave shall be deemed to confirm their agreement to indemnify Steer Davies Gleave for all loss or damage resulting therefrom. Steer Davies Gleave has prepared this material using professional practices and procedures using information available to it at the time and as such any new information could alter the validity of the results and conclusions made. Comprehensive Study on Passenger Transport by Coach in Europe Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... i Introduction ................................................................................................................................... i Our approach ................................................................................................................................. i Operators ....................................................................................................................................... i Fleets ..............................................................................................................................................ii Employment...................................................................................................................................ii The domestic coach markets .........................................................................................................ii The international coach market ................................................................................................... iii Regulation 1073/2009’s impact on administrative burden .......................................................... iii Regulation 1073/2009’s impact on travel markets ...................................................................... iv Regulation 1073/2009’s categorisation of coach services ........................................................... iv Regulation 1073/2009’s reporting and monitoring arrangements ............................................... v Terminals ....................................................................................................................................... v Persons with reduced mobility ..................................................................................................... vi International coach fares ............................................................................................................. vii 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 9 Purpose and scope of this report ................................................................................................. 9 Organisation of this report ......................................................................................................... 12 2 Bus and coach markets in Europe ...................................................................................... 13 Bus and coach services: categorisation ...................................................................................... 13 Bus and coach services: provision .............................................................................................. 14 3 Operators, fleets and employment .................................................................................... 16 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 16 Operators .................................................................................................................................... 16 Fleets ........................................................................................................................................... 19 Employment................................................................................................................................ 26 Key findings and conclusions ...................................................................................................... 30 4 Domestic coach services ................................................................................................... 32 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 32 The national regulatory frameworks .......................................................................................... 32 April 2016 Comprehensive Study on Passenger Transport by Coach in Europe Estimates of market characteristics ........................................................................................... 42 Domestic coach fares .................................................................................................................. 46 Competition and barriers to entry .............................................................................................. 50 Key findings and conclusions ...................................................................................................... 52 5 International coach services.............................................................................................. 56 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 56 International case studies ........................................................................................................... 56 The European regulatory framework ......................................................................................... 64 Regular, special regular and occasional services ........................................................................ 65 Community licences, copies, authorisations and journey forms................................................ 66 Reporting of statistics on Community licences and control documents .................................... 67 International coach operations .................................................................................................. 76 Estimates of market characteristics ........................................................................................... 79 International coach fares ............................................................................................................ 83 Competition and barriers to entry .............................................................................................. 86 Key findings and conclusions ...................................................................................................... 87 6 Terminals ......................................................................................................................... 90 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 90 Terminals across the EU ............................................................................................................. 91 Terminal provision, control and regulation ................................................................................ 95 Terminals: ensuring access to existing capacity ......................................................................... 98 Terminals: adding or relocating capacity .................................................................................. 104 Terminals case study ................................................................................................................ 105 Key findings and conclusions .................................................................................................... 108 7 Persons with reduced mobility (PRM) .............................................................................. 114 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 114 The regulatory framework ........................................................................................................ 114 PRM: the current situation ....................................................................................................... 115 PRM provision on coaches ........................................................................................................ 116 PRM provision at terminals ...................................................................................................... 117 Number of PRM carried ...........................................................................................................
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