DOCSLIB.ORG

I Principles of Laboratory Animal Science Revised Edition

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
I Principles of Laboratory Animal Science Revised Edition i Principles of Laboratory Animal Science Revised Edition ii A heading iii Principles of Laboratory Animal Science A contribution to the humane use and care of animals and to the quality of experimental results REVISED EDITION Edited by L.F.M. van Zutphen V. Baumans A.C. Beynen 2001 ELSEVIER AMSTERDAM • LONDON • NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SHANNON • TOKYO iv ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V. Sara Burgerhartstraat 25 P.O. Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved This work and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by Elsevier Science B.V., and the following terms and conditions apply to its use: Photocopying Single photocopies of single chapters may be made for personal use as allowed by national copyright laws. Permission of the publisher and payment of a fee is required for all other photocopying, including multiple or systematic copying, copying for advertising or promotional purposes, resale, and all forms of document delivery. Special rates are available for educational institutions that wish to make photocopies for non-profit educational classroom use. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier Science Rights & Permissions Department, PO Box 800, Oxford OX5 1DX, UK; phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail: [email protected]. You may also contact Rights & Permissions directly through Elsevier’s home page (http://www.elsevier.nl), selecting first ‘Customer Support’, then ‘General Information’, then ‘Permissions Query Form’. In the USA, users may clear permissions and make payments through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; phone: (978) 7508400, fax: (978) 7504744, and in the UK through the Copyright Licensing Agency Rapid Clearance Service (CLARCS), 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP, UK; phone: (+44) 171 436 5931; fax: (+44) 171 436 3986. Other countries may have a local reprographic rights agency for payments. Derivative Works Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the publisher is required for resale or distribution of such material outside the institution. Permission of the publisher is required for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations. Electronic Storage or Usage Permission of the publisher is required to store or use electronically any material contained in this work, including any chapter or part of a chapter. Contact the publisher at the address indicated. Except as outlined above, no part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Address permissions requests to: Elsevier Science Rights & Permissions Department, at the mail, fax and e-mail addresses given above. Notice No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. First edition 1993. Second (revised) edition 2001 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Principles of laboratory animal science : a contribution to the humane use and care of animals and to the quality of experimental results. – Rev. ed. 1. Animal experimentation 2. Laboratory animals 3. Animal welfare I. Zutphen, L. F. M. van II. Baumans, V. (Vera) III. Beynen, Anton C. 590.7’24 ISBN 0444506128 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record from the Library of Congress has been applied for. ISBN: 0-444-50612-8 ∞ The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). Printed in The Netherlands. v Preface It is widely recognized now that education and training in laboratory animal science are essential both for the quality of research and for the welfare of animals. Scientists who are responsible for the design and conduct of animal ex- periments must not only be educated in one of the biomedical sciences (biol- ogy, medicine, veterinary medicine, pharmacy, etc.), but should also have taken an introductory course in laboratory animal science, encompassing welfare issues, ethical aspects and animal alternatives. Indeed, in some coun- tries such requirements have been made compulsory by law. This book contains basic facts and principles covering the main theoretical aspects of such a course. More than 50 authors, all experts in their fields have contributed relevant topics for the graduate student or young scientist who wishes to become a “competent” researcher. After a general introduction (chap- ter 1) and a glimpse into legislation (chapter 2), information is presented on the biology and husbandry of the most frequently used animal species (chap- ter 3) and on the relationship between behaviour, stress and wellbeing (chap- ter 4). Standardization can contribute to a reduction of animal use and several aspects are covered in chapters 5–8. Chapter 9 deals with procedures for the diagnosis of diseases in laboratory animals and the consequences brought about by impaired health on both the welfare of the animals and the results of the experiments. Chapters 10–13 outline several factors that should be taken into account when designing and conducting animal experiments. Persons involved in animal experimentation must be able to recognize signals of pain and distress (chapter 14). The researcher must also have some basic knowl- edge of anaesthesia (chapter 15) particularly when invasive techniques are part of the experiment (chapter 16). The book concludes by outlining the possibilities and limitations of the use of alternatives (chapter 17), together with a chapter on the ethical aspects of animal experimentation (chapter 18). v vi Preface For further reading, a list of recommended literature is given at the end of each chapter. It should be emphasized that the completion of a biomedical training pro- gramme that includes a course in laboratory animal science, may provide a basis for a humane and responsible use of animals, but does certainly not provide full competence. The great diversity of biomedical disciplines and the wide range of animal experiments performed by scientists, working in the field of biomedical science, implies that a standard training programme in which every requirement for the various kinds of animal experiments is fully met, is not feasible. There is no substitute for learning in the field, and a close co-operation with conscientious and experienced investigators, animal care- takers and animal technicians remains essential in order to fill any gaps in skill and knowledge. The second edition of this book is largely the same as the previous edition. Also the list of contributors is only slightly changed. We would like to thank Dr. A.P.M.G. Bertens, Prof. Dr. W.J.I. van der Gulden, Dr. P.G.C. Hermans, Dr. B.C. Kruijt, Prof. Dr. E. Lagerweij, Dr. G.W. Meijer, Dr. J.W.M.A. Mullink (†), Prof. Dr. K.J. Öbrink (†) and Dr. G.A. van Oortmerssen for their contri- bution to the first edition and are grateful to Dr. A.E.J.M. van den Bogaard, Dr. H.A. van Lith, Prof. Dr. R. Remie and Dr. J.B.F. van der Valk for their willingness to contribute to this second edition. We have prepared this second edition as careful as possible but would welcome critique and suggestions for further improvements. The editors A heading vii Contributors Prof.dr. M. Balls European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM), IRC Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, 21020 Ispra (VA), Italy Dr. V. Baumans Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.166, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands Dr. R.G.M. ten Berg The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands Prof. dr. ir. A.C. Beynen Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.166, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands Dr. H.J.M. Blom Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.166, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands Dr. A.E.J.M. van den Bogaard Centralised Experimental Animal Facility, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maas- tricht, The Netherlands Prof. dr. L.H.D.J. Booij Institute for Anesthesiology, University of Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands Drs. R. Boot National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands vii viii Contributors Dr. M.C. Bosland Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University Medical Center, Long Meadow Road, Tuxedo, N.Y. 10987, U.S.A. Prof. dr. P.F. Brain School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, United Kingdom Dr. M. Coates Shepperlands Farm, Finchampstead, Workingham RG40 4QF, United Kingdom Prof. dr. Tj. de Cock Buning Department of Laboratory Animal Issues, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 17, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands Prof. dr. J.E. van Dijk Department of Veterinary Pathology, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80158, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands Dr. M.F.W. Festing M.R.C. Toxicology Unit, P.O. Box 138, Lancaster Rd., Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom Prof. dr. P.A. Flecknell Comparative Biology Centre, Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom Dr. R.T. Fosse LASW, Aventis Pharma, Building H840 – Room 144, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Prof. dr. K. Gärtner Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany Drs. P.C.M. de Greeve Ministry of Public Health, Inspectorate W&V, P.O. Box 16.108, 2500BC ’s Gravenhage, The Netherlands Prof.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Modern Devotion
    The Modern Devotion Confrontation with Reformation and Humanism R.R. Post bron R.R. Post, The Modern Devotion. Confrontation with Reformation and Humanism. E.J. Brill, Leiden 1968. Zie voor verantwoording: http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/post029mode01_01/colofon.htm © 2008 dbnl / erven R.R. Post IX Preface The book entitled De Moderne Devotie, Geert Groote en zijn stichtingen, which appeared in 1940 in the Patria series and was reprinted in 1950, could not exceed a certain small compass. Without scholarly argument and without the external signs of scholarship, it had to resume briefly what was then accepted in the existing state of research. However, since 1940 and even since 1950, various studies and source publications have appeared which have clarified certain obscure points. The prescribed limitations of this book also rendered difficult any research into the history of the German houses and in particular those of the Münster colloquium, upon which the documents of the Brotherhouse at Hildesheim had thrown some light. A closer examination of old and new sources has led us to realize the necessity for a new book on the Modern Devotion, in which particular attention would be paid to the constantly recurring and often too glibly answered question of the relationship between Modern Devotion and Humanism and the Reformation. Here the facts must speak for themselves. Were the first northern Humanists Brethren of the Common Life or members of the Windesheim Congregation? Had the first German and Dutch Humanists contacts with the Devotionalists or were they moulded by the Brothers? Were the Brothers pioneers in introducing the humanistic requirements in teaching and education? These and similar questions could also be posed concerning the attitude of the Devotionalists towards the Reformation.
    [Show full text]
  • De Uitdaging Heet Verandering
    De uitdaging heet verandering Jaarverslag GMB BioEnergie 2016 De uitdaging heet verandering Dit jaarverslag maakt duidelijk dat GMB BioEnergie opnieuw heeft gewonnen aan stabiliteit. We leveren voorspelbare prestaties van steeds hogere kwaliteit: een prettige wetenschap voor onze samenwerkingspartners en voor de bio-based economie. We staan nu voor de uitdaging om die stabiliteit te behouden en uit te bouwen - in een markt die sterk onderhevig is aan verandering. De sluiting van kolencentrales in Duitsland, fosfaatrecycling en lagere tarieven aan de opbrengstenkant: deze en andere tendensen benadrukken dat we niet op onze lauweren kunnen gaan rusten. Blijven onderzoeken, innoveren en nieuwe wegen van duurzaamheid bewandelen is een vereiste. Daar voelen we ons goed bij, want grenzen verleggen zit in ons DNA. Inspiratie genoeg! De toekomst ligt wat ons betreft in diversificatie. In meer variatie in zowel de aanvoerstromen als de afzetkanalen. Uiteraard houden we u op de hoogte van de ontwikkelingen. Ziet u zelf nieuwe moge- lijk heden voor een samenwerking of innovatie? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen. Daag ons gerust uit! Gerrit-Jan van de Pol directeur GMB BioEnergie B.V. 2 GMB BioEnergie | 2016 1 Samenvatting Hoge productiecijfers Minder grond- en hulpstoffen Met een omzet van 30 miljoen euro en een mooi Als onderdeel van onze duurzaamheidsambitie resultaat was 2016 een goed jaar. In Zutphen streven we naar het gebruik van zo min mogelijk boekten we de hoogste cijfers ooit met de hulp- en grondstoffen. In 2016 nam alleen het ontwatering en compostering. Ook in Tiel draaide gebruik van zwavelzuur toe doordat we meer de compostering uitstekend.
    [Show full text]
  • In Memoriam: William D. Timberlake (1942–2019)
    Conductual In Memoriam: William D. Timberlake (1942–2019) In Memoriam: William D. Timberlake (1942–2019)1, Robert Ian Bowers2 Published under the CC BY licence Bill Timberlake was spry at seventy. Although he held the presence of someone who had lived for centuries, he stood straight and strong. Yet, just a few years later, weakened by a progressive, terminal disease, Timberlake took a bad fall, from which he would never recover. William D. Timberlake (19 November 1942-17 October 2019) earned his PhD in experimental psychology at University of Michigan in 1969 under the supervision of David Birch. He joined the Indiana University psychology faculty the same year, where he remained for the rest of his career (see Arnet, 2019, for a biography). Timberlake will be remembered for many achievements. He conducted important work in a wide variety of areas related to the behaviour of animals, including behavioural economics, contrast effects, spatial cognition, adjunctive behaviour, time horizons, and circadian entrainment of feeding and drug use. By 1983, he had published two influential theories, and a wealth of data supporting them. The earlier of these theories, his disequilibrium approach to reinforcement, has been known by various names, at various stages of development: behaviour regulation theory, response deprivation theory, molar equilibrium theory, and disequilibrium theory (Timberlake & Allison, 1974; Timberlake & Wozny, 1979; Timberlake, 1980; Hanson & Timberlake, 1983; for an updated introduction, see Jacobs, et al., 2019). The disequilibrium approach involves a shift in conceptualisation of reinforcement: reinforcement is attributed not to environmental stimuli, but to constrained behaviours. Given the centrality of reinforcement in mainstream views--a notion not updated since Thorndike (1911) decreed his Law of Effect--this meant a shift in bedrock.
    [Show full text]
  • Viral and Bacterial Infection Elicit Distinct Changes in Plasma Lipids in Febrile Children
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/655704; this version posted May 31, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Viral and bacterial infection elicit distinct changes in plasma lipids in febrile children 2 Xinzhu Wang1, Ruud Nijman2, Stephane Camuzeaux3, Caroline Sands3, Heather 3 Jackson2, Myrsini Kaforou2, Marieke Emonts4,5,6, Jethro Herberg2, Ian Maconochie7, 4 Enitan D Carrol8,9,10, Stephane C Paulus 9,10, Werner Zenz11, Michiel Van der Flier12,13, 5 Ronald de Groot13, Federico Martinon-Torres14, Luregn J Schlapbach15, Andrew J 6 Pollard16, Colin Fink17, Taco T Kuijpers18, Suzanne Anderson19, Matthew Lewis3, Michael 7 Levin2, Myra McClure1 on behalf of EUCLIDS consortium* 8 1. Jefferiss Research Trust Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Imperial College 9 London 10 2. Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London 11 3. National Phenome Centre and Imperial Clinical Phenotyping Centre, Department of 12 Surgery and Cancer, IRDB Building, Du Cane Road, Imperial College London, 13 London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom 14 4. Great North Children’s Hospital, Paediatric Immunology, Infectious Diseases & 15 Allergy, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon 16 Tyne, United Kingdom. 17 5. Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United 18 Kingdom 19 6. NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre based at Newcastle upon Tyne 20 Hospitals NHS Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United 21 Kingdom 22 7. Department of Paediatric Emergency Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College 23 NHS Healthcare Trust, London, United Kingdom 24 8.
    [Show full text]
  • The Creation of a Secular Inquisition in Early Modern Brabant
    Orthodoxy and Opposition: The Creation of a Secular Inquisition in Early Modern Brabant Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Christman, Victoria Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 10/10/2021 08:36:02 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195502 ORTHODOXY AND OPPOSITION: THE CREATION OF A SECULAR INQUISITION IN EARLY MODERN BRABANT by Victoria Christman _______________________ Copyright © Victoria Christman 2005 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2 0 0 5 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Victoria Christman entitled: Orthodoxy and Opposition: The Creation of a Secular Inquisition in Early Modern Brabant and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Professor Susan C. Karant Nunn Date: 17 August 2005 Professor Alan E. Bernstein Date: 17 August 2005 Professor Helen Nader Date: 17 August 2005 Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement.
    [Show full text]
  • The Meaning and Significance of 'Water' in the Antwerp Cityscapes
    The meaning and significance of ‘water’ in the Antwerp cityscapes (c. 1550-1650 AD) Julia Dijkstra1 Scholars have often described the sixteenth century as This essay starts with a short history of the rise of the ‘golden age’ of Antwerp. From the last decades of the cityscapes in the fine arts. It will show the emergence fifteenth century onwards, Antwerp became one of the of maritime landscape as an independent motif in the leading cities in Europe in terms of wealth and cultural sixteenth century. Set against this theoretical framework, activity, comparable to Florence, Rome and Venice. The a selection of Antwerp cityscapes will be discussed. Both rising importance of the Antwerp harbour made the city prints and paintings will be analysed according to view- a major centre of trade. Foreign tradesmen played an es- point, the ratio of water, sky and city elements in the sential role in the rise of Antwerp as metropolis (Van der picture plane, type of ships and other significant mari- Stock, 1993: 16). This period of great prosperity, however, time details. The primary aim is to see if and how the came to a sudden end with the commencement of the po- cityscape of Antwerp changed in the sixteenth and sev- litical and economic turmoil caused by the Eighty Years’ enteenth century, in particular between 1550 and 1650. War (1568 – 1648). In 1585, the Fall of Antwerp even led The case studies represent Antwerp cityscapes from dif- to the so-called ‘blocking’ of the Scheldt, the most im- ferent periods within this time frame, in order to examine portant route from Antwerp to the sea (Groenveld, 2008: whether a certain development can be determined.
    [Show full text]
  • Ruimte Voor De Ijssel
    Ruimte voor de IJssel Afstudeeronderzoek Ruimte voor de IJssel Een onderzoek naar de nieuwe regionale plannen van Zutphen en Kampen Dries Schuwer Augustus 2008 Ruimte voor de IJssel Ruimte voor de IJssel Een onderzoek naar de nieuwe regionale plannen van Zutphen en Kampen Auteur: In samenwerking met: Dries Schuwer Rijkswaterstaat, Oost-Nederland Begeleiders: Dr.Ir. W. van der Knaap Ir. M. Taal Vakcode: LUP-80436 Augustus, 2008 Ruimte voor de IJssel Inhoudsopgave Voorwoord Samenvatting 1. Inleiding 1.1. Aanleiding 1 1.2. Doel van het onderzoek 3 1.3. Methodiek 4 1.4. Leeswijzer 4 2. Overzicht ruimtelijke ordening en waterbeheer 2.1 Inleiding 6 2.2 Ruimtelijke ordening 7 2.2.1 Beleidsmatig kader 7 2.2.2 Wettelijk kader 8 2.3 Waterbeheer 10 2.3.1 Beleidsmatig kader 11 2.3.2 Bestuurlijk kader 11 2.3.3 Wettelijk kader 12 2.4 Afstemming ruimtelijke ordening en waterbeheer 13 2.4.1 Watertoets en waterparagraaf 13 2.4.2 (Deel)stroomgebiedsvisies 15 2.4.3 Waterkansenkaart 15 2.4.4 Meervoudig ruimtegebruik 16 2.4.5 Blauwe knooppunten 17 2.5 Toetskader PKB 18 2.6 Samenvattend 20 3. Theoretisch kader: overheidssturing 3.1 Inleiding 22 3.2 Overheidssturing 22 3.2.1 Twee bestuurskundige visies op overheidssturing 22 3.2.2 Veranderingen in overheidssturing 24 3.2.3 Interactieve beleidsvorming 26 3.3 Sturingsinstrumenten 28 3.3.1 Hoofdstromingen beleidsmanagement 29 3.3.2 Synthese 31 3.4 Democratische gehalte 32 Ruimte voor de IJssel 3.5 Inhoud van interactie 36 3.6 Intensiteit van interactie 38 3.7 Interactiestructuur 38 3.8 Samenvattend 43 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Nieuwsuitwater
    Nr. 14 | oktober 2018 NieuwsuitNieuwsWater uit water Colofon ‘Nieuws uit water’ is een uitgave van GMB en verschijnt digitaal en in een oplage van 500 stuks. Tekst Dubbele woordwaarde, Den Haag Op een (Eind)redactie GMB BioEnergie B.V. duurzame Postbus 181, 7200 AD Zutphen toekomst! T 088 88 54 069 E [email protected] Deze zomer hadden we iets te vieren bij GMB BioEnergie. Opmaak Met ruim 150 gasten mochten Frappant, Aalten we het glas heffen op de opening van ons gloednieuwe Druk ontwateringsgebouw. Drukkerij Loor, Varsseveld Voorafgaand aan de officiële opening Adres gaven enkele gastsprekers van Oostzeestraat 3b, opdrachtgevers en ketenpartners een 7202 CM Zutphen inspirerende presentatie. De motivatie die T 088 88 54 300 er is om samen te blijven innoveren, was Hoofdkantoor voor iedereen voelbaar. Altijd scherp op veiligheid Postbus 2, 4043 ZG Opheusden Duurzaamheid en innovatie zijn thema’s waar we bij GMB BioEnergie elke dag mee www.gmbbioenergie.eu bezig zijn. We vergisten en ontwateren Omdat we het belangrijk vinden dat Twee zien altijd meer dan één; zijn er [email protected] zuiveringsslib, alvorens het biologisch te onze mensen elke dag weer gezond aanpassingen nodig in de fabriek, moeten drogen. Uit het slib winnen we niet alleen thuiskomen, besteden we veel processen anders verlopen, of moeten we ons © Deze uitgave wordt zo zorgvuldig biogas terug, maar ook waardevolle aandacht aan veiligheid. gedrag aanpassen? mogelijk samengesteld. Niettemin grondstoffen zoals stikstof en fosfaat. kan geen aansprakelijkheid worden Door zuiveringsslib efficiënt te verwerken, We organiseren bijvoorbeeld observatierondes Een ander middel om iedereen scherp te aanvaard voor mogelijke onjuiste berichtgeving.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Predictability on the Welfare of Captive Animals§ Lois Bassett, Hannah M
    Applied Animal Behaviour Science 102 (2007) 223–245 www.elsevier.com/locate/applanim Effects of predictability on the welfare of captive animals§ Lois Bassett, Hannah M. Buchanan-Smith * Scottish Primate Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, United Kingdom Available online 30 June 2006 Abstract Variations in the predictability of a stressor have pronounced effects on the behavioural and physio- logical effects of stress in rats. It is reasonable to expect that variations in the predictability of husbandry routines thought to be aversive to animals might have similar effects on stress indices. Similarly, variations in the predictability of positive events, of which feeding is an obvious example, may affect welfare. This review examines the behavioural and physiological effects of the predictability of aversive and appetitive stimuli, and the application of experimental findings to animal husbandry in practice. It is argued here that two distinct but overlapping types of predictability exist. ‘Temporal’ predictability describes whether an event occurs at fixed or variable intervals, whereas ‘signalled’ predictability relates to the reliability of a signal preceding the event. This review examines the effects of each of these types of predictability in relation to positively and negatively perceived events, and examines the link between predictability and control. Recommendations are made for relatively simple and inexpensive modifications to husbandry routines that may be easy to incorporate into the schedules of busy staff yet could have a profound impact on the welfare of animals in their care. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Animal welfare; Control; Husbandry routines; Signalled predictability; Temporal predictability 1.
    [Show full text]
  • 2010 44Th Congress, Uppsala, Sweden
    Proceedings of the 44th Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology (ISAE) Coping in large groups Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala, Sweden 4-7 August 2010 Edited by: Lena Lidfors Harry Blokhuis Linda Keeling Applied ethology 2010: Coping in large groups Proceedings of the 44th Congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology (ISAE) Coping in large groups Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala, Sweden 4-7 August 2010 edited by: Lena Lidfors Harry Blokhuis Linda Keeling Wageningen Academic P u b l i s h e r s This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned. Nothing from this publication may be translated, reproduced, stored in a computerised system or published in any form or in any manner, including electronic, mechanical, reprographic or photographic, without prior written permission from the publisher: Wageningen Academic Publishers P.O. Box 220 6700 AE Wageningen The Netherlands www.WageningenAcademic.com [email protected] ISBN 978-90-8686-150-7 The individual contributions in this publication and any liabilities arising from them remain First published, 2010 the responsibility of the authors. The publisher is not responsible for possible © Wageningen Academic Publishers damages, which could be a result of content The Netherlands, 2010 derived from this publication. Welcome Research in applied ethology has a long tradition at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, as have the links to this society. This is the third time that the international congress has been organised by our department; the previous years were 1978 and 1988.
    [Show full text]
  • INFORMATION to USERS This Manuscript Has Been Reproduced
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI film s the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough* substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproductioiL In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these wül be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Nnsaber 9816176 ‘‘Ordo et lîbertas”: Church discipline and the makers of church order in sixteenth century North Germany Jaynes, JefiErey Philip, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Lutheran Congregation: 1566–1585 and Beyond
    The beginnings of any Lutheran church matter explains the Rev. Gijsbertus van Hattem in a paper The First Lutheran delivered at the 24th European Lutheran Conference, Antwerp, Congregation: 1566–1585 Belgium. and Beyond by Gijsbertus van Hattem n September 2, 1566, almost fifty years after the monastery in the neighborhood of the church of St. start of the Reformation on 31 October 1517, the Andrew. This monastery was founded in 1513 and had first Lutheran church was officially organized strong ties with Wittenberg. Jacob Praepositius, the prior, Oin Antwerp. The European Lutheran Conference (ELC) had been a student of Luther and came back to Antwerp in was held in Antwerp in honor of this 450th anniversary. 1521. Other well-known names are those of Hendrik van The scope of this paper cannot cover every detail of Zutphen, who also studied at Wittenberg; Hendrik Voes; the 450-year history, but only Jan van Essen as well as several some important points. After Already right after the others. They openly announced an historical introduction of the publication of Martin the Reformation ideas and spoke sixteenth century, the focus will against many wrong doctrines be mainly on the Wonderyear, Luther’s 95 Theses on and in the Roman Catholic Church. 1566–67, the years until 1585, the against indulgences, his Many citizens accepted the new aftermath, and conclude with the ideas came to Antwerp to ideas. And then of course there Lutheran church in our times. his order brothers at the were the German merchants who owned a big share of the trade Lutherans in Antwerp Augustinian monastery in in Antwerp and therefore also This doesn’t mean that there the neighborhood of the had a large influence in bring- weren’t Protestants or, more spe- church of St.
    [Show full text]