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A Revised Sedimentary and Biostratigraphical Architecture For A revised sedimentary and biostratigraphical architecture for the Type Llandovery and Garth areas, Central Wales: a field guide Geology and Landscape Programme Open Report OR/10/037 The National Grid and other BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Ordnance Survey data are used with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s GEOLOGY AND LANDSCAPE PROGRAMME Stationery Office. Licence No: 100017897/2011. OPEN REPORT OR/10/037 Keywords Silurian, Llandovery, Wales, field guide, architecture, biostratigraphy Front cover Statue of Llywelyn ap Gruffydd A revised sedimentary and Fychan, Llandovery Castle. The castle is built on the late Hirnantian, glacio-regressive biostratigraphical architecture for Cwmcringlyn Formation [SN 7678 3425]. the Type Llandovery and Garth Bibliographical reference DAVIES, J R, WATERS, R A, areas, Central Wales: a field ZALASIEWICZ, J A, MOLYNEUX, S G, VANDENBROUCKE, T R A AND WILLIAMS, M. 2011. A guide revised sedimentary and biostratigraphical architecture for the Type Llandovery and Garth areas, Central Wales: a field guide. British Geological Survey Jeremy R Davies1, Richard A Waters2, Jan A Zalasiewicz3, Open Report, OR/10/037. 43pp. Stewart G Molyneux4, Thijs R A Vandenbroucke5 and Copyright in materials derived 3 from the British Geological Mark Williams Survey’s work is owned by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and/or the authority that commissioned the work. You may not copy or adapt this publication without first 1British Geological Survey, Cardiff; obtaining permission. Contact the 2 BGS Intellectual Property Rights National Museum Wales, Cardiff; Section, British Geological 3University of Leicester; Survey, Keyworth, e-mail 4 [email protected]. You may quote British Geological Survey, Keyworth; extracts of a reasonable length 5University of Lille 1 (formerly of Ghent University) without prior permission, provided a full acknowledgement is given of the source of the extract. Your use of any information provided by the British Geological Survey (BGS) is at your own risk. Neither BGS nor the Natural Environment Research Council gives any warranty, condition or representation as to the quality, accuracy or completeness of the information or its suitability for any use or purpose. All implied conditions relating to the quality or suitability of the information, and all liabilities arising from the supply of the information (including any liability arising in negligence) are excluded to the fullest extent permitted by law. © NERC 2011. All rights reserved Keyworth, Nottingham British Geological Survey 2011 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The full range of our publications is available from BGS shops at British Geological Survey offices Nottingham, Edinburgh, London and Cardiff (Welsh publications only) see contact details below or shop online at www.geologyshop.com BGS Central Enquiries Desk Tel 0115 936 3143 Fax 0115 936 3276 The London Information Office also maintains a reference collection of BGS publications, including maps, for consultation. email [email protected] We publish an annual catalogue of our maps and other publications; this catalogue is available online or from any of the Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG BGS shops. Tel 0115 936 3241 Fax 0115 936 3488 email [email protected] The British Geological Survey carries out the geological survey of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the latter as an agency service for the government of Northern Ireland), and of the Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA surrounding continental shelf, as well as basic research projects. Tel 0131 667 1000 Fax 0131 668 2683 It also undertakes programmes of technical aid in geology in email [email protected] developing countries. The British Geological Survey is a component body of the Natural Environment Research Council. Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD Tel 020 7589 4090 Fax 020 7584 8270 Tel 020 7942 5344/45 email [email protected] Columbus House, Greenmeadow Springs, Tongwynlais, Cardiff CF15 7NE Tel 029 2052 1962 Fax 029 2052 1963 Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB Tel 01491 838800 Fax 01491 692345 Geological Survey of Northern Ireland, Colby House, Stranmillis Court, Belfast BT9 5BF Tel 028 9038 8462 Fax 028 9038 8461 www.bgs.ac.uk/gsni/ Parent Body Natural Environment Research Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon SN2 1EU Tel 01793 411500 Fax 01793 411501 www.nerc.ac.uk Website www.bgs.ac.uk Shop online at www.geologyshop.com OR/10/037 Acknowledgements Several of the classic sections, now Geological Conservation Review (GCR) sites (Aldridge, 2000), were specially cleared for the 2009 Ludlow Research Group (LRG) meeting by the Countryside Council for Wales (CCW), while other sites have been excavated and extended. Sid Howells and Gareth Owen of CCW and the staff of the Forestry Commission Llandovery Office are acknowledged for their hard work in the clearing operations in Crychan Forest and the Cefn Cerig Road section. Mr Marcus Lampard of Mandinam, Llangadog, is gratefully acknowledged for extending a key, base Wenlock section on his property. Adrian Humpage, Elaine Burt and Rhian Kendall from the BGS Cardiff Office are thanked for their help in producing the earlier LRG guide and for providing other logistical help for that trip, to which John Davies, formerly of CCW, also contributed. The excellent work of Ian Longhurst and Elaine Burt on several of the guide figures is gratefully acknowledged, as are the editing efforts of Bill Barclay and David Schofield. The research presented in this guide was supported by the BGS University Funding Initiative (BUFI) contract No. P093. Recently published maps and sheet explanations covering the Llandovery and Garth areas, and adjacent regions of mid Wales, are available for purchase from BGS sales outlets. Permission to visit the sites described in this guide should be sought from Forestry Commission Wales or the appropriate landowner. Contents Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... i Contents ........................................................................................................................................... i 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background ..................................................................................................................... 1 2 Itinerary .................................................................................................................................. 3 2.1 Sections in Crychan Forest (Northern Llandovery area) ................................................ 3 2.2 Sections in the Myddfai - Llangadog area (Southern Llandovery area) ......................... 6 2.3 Ashgill to Llandovery sucessions of the Garth Inlier and Builth Ordovician Volcanic Inlier. ........................................................................................................................................ 8 References .................................................................................................................................... 11 i OR/10/037 ii OR/10/037 1 Introduction The guide presents some of the results of collaborative research undertaken by the British Geological Survey, National Museum of Wales, and Leicester and Ghent universities in the Type Llandovery and Garth areas of Central Wales (Figure 1a and b), focusing on the late Ashgill, Llandovery and early to mid Wenlock strata. It is based on an earlier version produced for the Ludlow Research Group (LRG) Annual Field Meeting to the Llandovery and Garth areas in September 2009, but contains new data and interpretations based on significant subsequent discoveries in the Type Llandovery area. It highlights the following: The significance of the intra-Ashgill Shelvian Event. A reinterpretation of the Hirnantian glacio-eustatic event. A revised and unified lithostratigraphy for the Llandovery and Garth areas, which addresses the problems of correlating between the northern and southern Llandovery areas. New graptolite, acritarch and chitinozoan dating, especially in the Aeronian, Telychian and Wenlock. The importance of re-sedimentation processes including slumping and synsedimentary sliding within the succession. The relationship between the Llandovery and the overlying Wenlock successions. 1.1 BACKGROUND The seminal work of O T Jones (1925, 1949) (Figure 2a) and his student Alwyn Williams (1951, 1953) established the early Silurian succession of the Llandovery area in south-central Wales as one of the best studied and well documented in the UK. Jones’ A, B and C divisions and their subdivisions (e.g. C1 to C6) were initially lithostratigraphical conceptions. However, the co- occurrence of graptolite and benthic assemblages allowed these units also to be defined in biostratigraphical terms and, following Williams’ (1951) work on brachiopod assemblages and lineages, they became widely adopted as biostratigraphical subzones. The need for international correlation invited further detailed study and led ultimately to the landmark publication of Cocks et al. (1984), which established the Llandovery succession as the international type area for early Silurian strata – the Llandovery Series (Figure 2b). The constituent Rhuddanian, Aeronian and Telychian stages all take their names from sections in the Llandovery area.
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