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Low Bridge, Everybody Down' (WITH INDEX)
“Low Bridge; Everybody Down!” Notes & Notions on the Construction & Early Operation of the Erie Canal Chuck Friday Editor and Commentator 2005 “Low Bridge; Everybody Down!” 1 Table of Contents TOPIC PAGE Introduction ………………………………………………………………….. 3 The Erie Canal as a Federal Project………………………………………….. 3 New York State Seizes the Initiative………………………………………… 4 Biographical Sketch of Jesse Hawley - Early Erie Canal Advocate…………. 5 Western Terminus for the Erie Canal (Black Rock vs Buffalo)……………… 6 Digging the Ditch……………………………………………………………. 7 Yankee Ingenuity…………………………………………………………….. 10 Eastward to Albany…………………………………………………………… 12 Westward to Lake Erie………………………………………………………… 16 Tying Up Loose Ends………………………………………………………… 20 The Building of a Harbor at Buffalo………………………………………….. 21 Canal Workforce……………………………………………………………… 22 The Irish Worker Story……………………………………………………….. 27 Engineering Characteristics of Canals………………………………………… 29 Early Life on the Canal……………………………………………………….. 33 Winter – The Canal‘sGreatest Impediment……………………………………. 43 Canal Expansion………………………………………………………………. 45 “Low Bridge; Everybody Down!” 2 ―Low Bridge; Everybody Down!‖ Notes & Notions on the Construction & Early Operation of the Erie Canal Initial Resource Book: Dan Murphy, The Erie Canal: The Ditch That Opened A Nation, 2001 Introduction A foolhardy proposal, years of political bickering and partisan infighting, an outrageous $7.5 million price tag (an amount roughly equal to about $4 billion today) – all that for a four foot deep, 40 foot wide ditch connecting Lake Erie in western New York with the Hudson River in Albany. It took 7 years of labor, slowly clawing shovels of earth from the ground in a 363-mile trek across the wilderness of New York State. Through the use of many references, this paper attempts to describe this remarkable construction project. Additionally, it describes the early operation of the canal and its impact on the daily life on or near the canal‘s winding path across the state. -
Freedom Seekers: the Underground Railroad, Great Lakes, and Science Literacy Activities Middle School and High School Curriculum
Freedom Seekers: The Underground Railroad, Great Lakes, and Science Literacy Activities Middle School and High School Curriculum “Joe, come look at de Falls! ... it's your last chance. Joe, you’ve shook de lion’s paw!, You’re free!” --Harriet Tubman 1 Freedom Seekers Curriculum Committee Monica Miles, Ph.D. | New York Sea Grant Fatama Attie | University at Buffalo Bhawna Chowdary, Ph.D. | Niagara Falls City Schools/University at Buffalo James Ponzo, Ph.D. | University at Buffalo & Niagara Falls Underground Railroad Heritage Center Claudia Rosen | Buffalo Niagara Waterkeeper Kate Haq, Ph.D. | The Park School of Buffalo Betsy Ukeritis | NYS Department of Environmental Conservation Ginny Carlton, Ph.D. | Wisconsin Sea Grant Meaghan Gass, editor | Michigan Sea Grant, MI State University Extension Megan L. Gunn, editor | Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant The curriculum committee would like to extend our thanks and appreciation to everyone who contributed to this curriculum including article authors and reviewers. Thank you for helping us share the story of Freedom Seekers! 2 Contents of Lesson Series Freedom Seekers Curriculum Committee 2 Contents of Lesson Series 3 Letter to Educators 4 Educator Resources 5 Underground Railroad Lessons 7 Lesson 1 - Harriet Tubman--the unsung naturalist 9 Lesson 2 - The Underground Railroad and Maritime Connections 19 Lesson 3 - How to Conduct Historical Research 25 Lesson 4 - Connecting Environmental Resources to Historically Rich Spaces 29 Lesson 5 - Examining the Remains of the Cataract House 33 Lesson 6 - Using US Census Data to Investigate the Underground Railroad 42 Lesson 7 - Race and the US Census 53 Lesson 8 - Native Americans and the Underground Railroad 59 Extension Activities Educator Resources 66 African American History and Science Extension Activities 67 Activity 1 - U.S. -
The Signers of the U.S. Constitution
CONSTITUTIONFACTS.COM The U.S Constitution & Amendments: About the Signers (Continued) The Signers of the U.S. Constitution On September 17, 1787, the Constitutional Convention came to a close in the Assembly Room of Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. There were seventy individuals chosen to attend the meetings with the initial purpose of amending the Articles of Confederation. Rhode Island opted to not send any delegates. Fifty-five men attended most of the meetings, there were never more than forty-six present at any one time, and ultimately only thirty-nine delegates actually signed the Constitution. (William Jackson, who was the secretary of the convention, but not a delegate, also signed the Constitution. John Delaware was absent but had another delegate sign for him.) While offering incredible contributions, George Mason of Virginia, Edmund Randolph of Virginia, and Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts refused to sign the final document because of basic philosophical differences. Mainly, they were fearful of an all-powerful government and wanted a bill of rights added to protect the rights of the people. The following is a list of those individuals who signed the Constitution along with a brief bit of information concerning what happened to each person after 1787. Many of those who signed the Constitution went on to serve more years in public service under the new form of government. The states are listed in alphabetical order followed by each state’s signers. Connecticut William S. Johnson (1727-1819)—He became the president of Columbia College (formerly known as King’s College), and was then appointed as a United States Senator in 1789. -
Downtown Neighborhood City of Niagara Falls: Phase I
Intensive Level Survey Historic Resources – Downtown Neighborhood City of Niagara Falls: Phase I 3.0 Historical Overview This section provides a narrative history of the City of Niagara Falls with specific emphasis on the Downtown neighborhood. The overview addresses significant trends and themes associated with the city’s historic context. The Downtown neighborhood’s period of significance is identified and examined in this chapter. Martin Wachadlo, architectural historian, conducted the background historic research. 3.1 Niagara County: Physiology and Geology Figure 3-1. Niagara Falls, Niagara Falls, New York Niagara County borders the southern shore of Lake Ontario in the extreme northwestern corner of New York State, and occupies part of the Huron and Ontario Plains. The Ontario Plain comprises part of Lake Ontario to the foot of the Niagara Escarpment1, and the Huron plain extends from the crest of the escarpment southward beyond the county line. The Niagara Escarpment begins in Watertown, New York, USA and extends westerly along the Manitoulin Island in the Province of Ontario, Canada. The escarpment continues through Wisconsin and Illinois. With geological material measuring 64-ft thick, the stratigraphy at Niagara Falls provides a glimpse into the overall rock types comprising the Niagara Escarpment (Figure 3-1). The top layer is Lockport Dolomite, a hard rock referred to as the "Lower Silurian Group." Below the top layer is Rochester Shale, which is much softer and wears away easily with the effects of erosion. Under the shale are harder strata of limestone and dolostone known as the "Clinton Group." Below the harder strata is Grimsby sandstone. -
The True History Regarding Alleged Connection of the Order of Ancient
' * ! HON AND MURDER R wMW'mjwi •:._; •' mmimmmm v« . IAMES A GIBSON LIBRARY BROCK UNIVERSITY ST. CATHARINES ON Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from Brock University - University of Toronto Libraries http://archive.org/details/truehistoryregarOOhunt THE TRUE HISTORY REGARDING ALLEGED CONNECTION OF THE ORDER OF ANCIENT. FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS WITH THE ABDUCTION AND MURDER OF WILLIAM MORGAN, Tn Western New York, in 1826. TOGETHER WITH MUCH interesting and Valuable Contemporary History. COMPILED FROM AUTHENTIC DOCUMENTS AND RECORDS. BY P, C. HUNTINGTON, M. W. HAZEN CO., New York. COPYRIGHT. P. C. HUNTINGTON. TO THE ORDER OF ANCIENT, FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS, WHOSE PATRIOTISM, PHILANTHROPY AND BENEFICENT INFLUENCE ARE WIDE AS HUMAN LIFE, THIS VOLUME IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED. PREFACE. The first edition of "Masonic Light" was issued a little more than six years ago, and it is not too much to say was commended by those interested. Since that time a large amount of interesting and valuable material and history relative to this affair has come to the compiler's hand, covering and completing the argument, and adding the climax of evidence regard- ing the false statements of Anti-Masons. Chapters X and XI which comprise the added records will be found replete with interesting and convincing facts. As there is nothing that tortures bigoted assertion more than history—it is confidently believed that the publication of this volume of historic facts will be ap- preciated by all lovers of the truth. P. C. H. Chicago, August, 1886. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. Introduction 7 CHAPTER II. Morgan and his Coadjutors 24 CHAPTER III. -
Fall 2001 Serious Times
CEO Forum EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR What we must become David L. Winton Phone: (909) 659-0789 • Fax: (949) 240-4844 his will be my last message as CEO of APMP. For the past E-mail: [email protected] four years, I have been either CEO or COO, which affords Web site: http://www.apmp.org Tme a rather unique view of what we need to do to continue our evolution as a professional association. So bear with me while BOARD OF DIRECTORS I once again express some hard opinions based on experience, analysis, and stubbornness. CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER If I leave the membership of APMP with anything of value, it is Eric Gregory, CACI, Inc. • [email protected] this: We must become the professional association of choice for new business acquisition experts. Why do I say this? CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER One of the key things we need at APMP as a part of our long- Karen Shaw, BAE Systems term strategic plan is growth. Although a nonprofit organization, we are not much different from [email protected] a business. Growth is good; stagnation and contraction are bad. There is not much to argue about there. Growth in membership provides additional revenue through dues and conference atten- SECRETARY dance and becomes a constant source of new ideas and leadership necessary to propel the organ- Nancy L. Cottle ization to a solid place among professional associations. But our source of members among those [email protected] who consider themselves exclusively proposal management professionals is a much smaller domain than that which touches the full cycle of new business acquisition activities. -
William Morgan, Or, Political Anti-Masonry
WILLIAM MORGAN; POLITICAL ANTI-MASONRY, 1 1 , GROWTH AND DECADENCE. BY ' r ROB MORRIS, LL.D., t 0 N- X k Ita comparatum esse homlnum naturam omnium, «J Aliena ut melius videant et dijudicent, Quam sua! —Terence. (Strange nature In Anti-Masons, that they can see and judge vhe affairs of Freemasons better than their own!) FIFTH THOUSAND. N E W YORK: ROBERT MACOY, MASONIC PUBLISHER, No. 4 B arc lat St r e e t . 1884. «?- - ° 1 ' Digitized by A-" < AI 7 /<■■ Z Os • 3 ' A- syibi.2. C o p y r ig h t , 1883. By ROB MORRIS, LL.D. ______ I KNIGHT & LEONARD . I Digitized by U o o Q l e TO THE EHEEMASONS OF CHICAGO AND VICINITY, W HOSE B R O T H E R L Y KINDNESS I HAVE LONG EXPERIENCED, AND WHOSE PATRONAGE OF THE PRESENT WORK HAS GIVEN ME RENEWED COURAGE TO PERSEVERE IN MY LIFE-TIME DEVOTION TO MASONRY, THIS FIFTH EDITION IS FRATERNALLY DEDICATED. Digitized by P E E FACE. I t is well nigh two score years since a gentleman at Oxford, Mississippi, then, as now, honored and beloved,* pronounced the mystic words that proclaimed me a member of the Masonic fraternity. I have not forgotten— can I ever forget? — even the smallest details of the time, place and occasion. The cold, stormy night in March; the little circle of ten or fifteen, all well known to me as neighbors and friends; the dilapidated apartment, then transformed under the magic of Masonic symbolism into “ the checkered pave ment of King Solomon’s Temple” ; the ceremonies, quaint and pregnant with ancient saws and apothegms; finally, the E x p l a n a t o r y L e c t u r e s , so eloquently delivered by one whose equal in that branch of inculcation I have rarely met through all subsequent years,— such is the vision that recurs vividly to my mind as, in the loneliness of my study, I indite this preface. -
MEDINA BUGLE a Publication of the Medina Historical Society June 2018
MEDINA BUGLE A Publication of the Medina Historical Society June 2018 PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE Dear Members, It has been a good year so far with exciting programs and our on-going restoration of our museum at 406 West Ave. But rest assured we will do our best to continue making this a great year. However as you enjoy reading this newsletter we can use your help remembering our history. I know from time to time old papers long-forgotten are found. Old stories handed down from generation to generation are remembered. Old relics stored safely away in some attic or basement are unearthed. Old friends and relatives who long ago left the Medina area to live elsewhere may themselves have papers, stories and relics dealing with the Medina Region. These, my friends, would be the kind of source material we would like to have for the Bugle. I’m sure Georgia Thomas, the editor of the Bugle, would be happy to have any information you might have dealing with early Orleans history, and I am sure that all the people of this region would be eternally grateful for your interest and cooperation in making the Medina Historical Society a very worthwhile organization. So as we together continue to preserve history let us appreciate our past and look forward to the future. Have a great summer! Sincerely yours, Reinhard Rogowski Lois McClure coming to Medina again! President, Medina Historical Society MEDINA HISTORICAL SOCIETY UPCOMING EVENTS Saturday, June 16, 2018 Officers 2018 Town of Shelby Bicentennial President: Reinhard Rogowski Activities all day (see details -
The Men of Erie: Founding the American Engineering Tradition
Jason Argabright 11 May 2011 The Men of Erie: Founding the American Engineering Tradition 0 “The engineer has been, and is, a maker of history.” James Kip Finch1 Governor De Witt Clinton stood triumphantly aboard the Seneca Chief in the middle of New York City harbor, gazing at the multitude of cheering people and listening to the thunderous roar of cannon fire and fireworks. He hoisted the small, elaborately carved cask of water that had occupied the place of honor aboard the ship for the past week, and slowly poured a gallon of fresh water into the salt water of the harbor.2 The “Wedding of the Waters” between Lake Erie and the Atlantic Ocean was now complete. Over the course of eight years, thousands of laborers had completed one of the most challenging engineering projects in the history of the United States, the Erie Canal. What made the completion of the canal so remarkable was not that it ran 363 miles through untamed forest or conquered a 565 foot elevation change by means of 83 individual locks, but what was truly remarkable was the entire canal was designed and constructed by amateurs. This was the last time this would be the case however, because the absence of trained American engineers to design and construct the Erie Canal was the catalyst for the establishment of a formalized engineering curriculum and the birth of the American engineering tradition. As the United States began to expand beyond the seaboard of the Atlantic in the 18th century, George Washington was one of the first to realize that pioneers and settlers were moving westward with few ties to the young nation they had left behind. -
Bidding for Canal Contracts
Nineteenth Century Article Contracting Foibles in the Building of America’s Canals Pre-Civil War canals pioneered in the Building America’s development of a new relationship Canals between the government and the economy, for they could not have Canal construction opened up massive new markets and created been built without a combination of job opportunities for thousands of common laborers and skilled professionals. Canals were America’s first modern business enter- state support and private enterprise. prises in terms of their scale of capitalization, mobilization of labor, But when canals invited competitive and bureaucratic management. They served as a corporate model for railroad companies to emulate. bids from construction companies, They also pioneered in the development of a new relationship both parties discovered that between the government and the economy, for canals could not have been built without a combination of state support and private promoting the public interest and enterprise. Canals were a new kind of business entity in pre-Civil making profits might not be War America because they combined the promotion of the public compatible goals. interest with corporate gain. more... By JAYME A. SOKOLOW, Ph.D. uly 4, 1828, was a bright and sunny day in Washington, DC. Early that morning, JPresident John Quincy Adams and other political dignitaries breakfasted in Georgetown and then took boats about five miles upstream on the Potomac River to Little Falls. A large crowd was there to greet them at the official groundbreaking ceremony of the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal, which its directors dreamed would link the nation’s capital with the Ohio River in Pittsburgh and thus make Washington, DC a great entrepot for western trade. -
Niagara in London : a Brief Study from Many Standpoints
M SpCl 127 N8 .V V' *.. l^'I'f'^-' V,' f, v. ,;-;.- ,t. -JAM i-''"';' ' »•'>-•;•• ; *< • t; " .% - ' ^> V ^ v '1 ,- •:^'.,-^:--,•^;n;;Yt,i^l, V * it'' • .: r '.' ':- v: ^? ' /t. ,/ '. i' i /;, .M 'i: •/ ^sW^--. - /^ * '.. J V-V; \ , ^ .^.^•-^-*.iiri*i'ii~~wi» jiMBii " % QNDOHl ^TTW yr f fisocK iwivEHsrry 18455J Niagara N London m^^^: A BRIEF STUDY FROM MANY STANDPOINTS Fkank H. Skvekance CONTENTS. INTKOOI'CTOK\ 3 A Vkcv. ok thk Past, 6 Vnr RlDDI.K OF THE RoCKS, . II Thf. Chain ok Recent Changk, 13 NiAliARA IN LeiTKRS AND IN Ak I , Ifow THE Falls Were Madk Frkk, lliU I'l SKK NlAUAKA, 26 A 8TUI>Y of THE ROAK, . 38 NiACARA AND THE ToURIST. 41 CoMEKY ANI» TrA<;EDV, 44 Paul Philipi-"iv v^ 47 •|WTHEWJM)RTHRUP&^ BUFFALONV. • ARTISTIC^. •ENQRAVINQ- •PRINTINQ' •BINDINQ-"^ i^.*il:)itt:cJ:| T IS RELATED of that unconventional English- man, Lord Byron, that on meeting an American }> gentleman, just arrived in London, he asked abruptly if the traveler had ever seen Niagara Falls. The American contritely admitted that he never had, whereupon thp poet turned from him with an expression of disgust at one who should come so far in quest of sights, leaving behind such a sight unseen. The American, however, was the type of his countrymen, rather than the exception. An American of wealth and leisure is far more apt to travel for pleasure in Europe than in his own country; partly because, if he is a man of taste, he gets more for his money abroad than at home, where civilization has none too much to offer in works of art or relics of past centuries ; and partly because, if he has been a man of aflfairs, he has incidentally gained (( a general idea of much of the fine scencr\- of his own land without S3 making a special effort for it. -
Supplying Rochester in the Age of the Erie Canal
SUPPLYING ROCHESTER IN THE AGE OF THE ERIE CANAL: AN EXAMINATION OF THE INVENTORIES OF CERAMIC AND GLASS MERCHANT BENJAMIN SEABURY by Sara McNamara A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of the Arts in American Material Culture Spring 2018 © 2018 Sara McNamara All Rights Reserved SUPPLYING ROCHESTER IN THE AGE OF THE ERIE CANAL: AN EXAMINATION OF THE INVENTORIES OF CERAMIC AND GLASS MERCHANT BENJAMIN SEABURY by Sara McNamara Approved: __________________________________________________________ Thomas A. Guiler, Ph.D. Professor in charge of thesis on behalf of the Advisory Committee Approved: __________________________________________________________ Wendy Bellion, Ph.D. Acting Director of the Winterthur Program in American Material Culture Approved: __________________________________________________________ George H. Watson, Ph.D. Dean of the College of Arts & Sciences Approved: __________________________________________________________ Ann L. Ardis, Ph.D. Senior Vice Provost for Graduate and Professional Education ACKNOWLEDGMENTS As with all projects, this research would not have been possible without the help and support of many people. I am grateful and indebted to all those who assisted me in various stages of my research from the initial planning to the final editing. First and foremost, I thank my advisor Dr. Thomas Guiler for his indefatigable enthusiasm for my work. Tom was always there for me with a ready high five or conversation about Syracuse basketball to keep me from feeling overwhelmed. This thesis would not exist without his suggestions, edits, and advice. I am thankful to the University of Delaware, which granted Winterthur Program Professional Development Funds to this research.