The True History Regarding Alleged Connection of the Order of Ancient
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Freedom Seekers: the Underground Railroad, Great Lakes, and Science Literacy Activities Middle School and High School Curriculum
Freedom Seekers: The Underground Railroad, Great Lakes, and Science Literacy Activities Middle School and High School Curriculum “Joe, come look at de Falls! ... it's your last chance. Joe, you’ve shook de lion’s paw!, You’re free!” --Harriet Tubman 1 Freedom Seekers Curriculum Committee Monica Miles, Ph.D. | New York Sea Grant Fatama Attie | University at Buffalo Bhawna Chowdary, Ph.D. | Niagara Falls City Schools/University at Buffalo James Ponzo, Ph.D. | University at Buffalo & Niagara Falls Underground Railroad Heritage Center Claudia Rosen | Buffalo Niagara Waterkeeper Kate Haq, Ph.D. | The Park School of Buffalo Betsy Ukeritis | NYS Department of Environmental Conservation Ginny Carlton, Ph.D. | Wisconsin Sea Grant Meaghan Gass, editor | Michigan Sea Grant, MI State University Extension Megan L. Gunn, editor | Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant The curriculum committee would like to extend our thanks and appreciation to everyone who contributed to this curriculum including article authors and reviewers. Thank you for helping us share the story of Freedom Seekers! 2 Contents of Lesson Series Freedom Seekers Curriculum Committee 2 Contents of Lesson Series 3 Letter to Educators 4 Educator Resources 5 Underground Railroad Lessons 7 Lesson 1 - Harriet Tubman--the unsung naturalist 9 Lesson 2 - The Underground Railroad and Maritime Connections 19 Lesson 3 - How to Conduct Historical Research 25 Lesson 4 - Connecting Environmental Resources to Historically Rich Spaces 29 Lesson 5 - Examining the Remains of the Cataract House 33 Lesson 6 - Using US Census Data to Investigate the Underground Railroad 42 Lesson 7 - Race and the US Census 53 Lesson 8 - Native Americans and the Underground Railroad 59 Extension Activities Educator Resources 66 African American History and Science Extension Activities 67 Activity 1 - U.S. -
Downtown Neighborhood City of Niagara Falls: Phase I
Intensive Level Survey Historic Resources – Downtown Neighborhood City of Niagara Falls: Phase I 3.0 Historical Overview This section provides a narrative history of the City of Niagara Falls with specific emphasis on the Downtown neighborhood. The overview addresses significant trends and themes associated with the city’s historic context. The Downtown neighborhood’s period of significance is identified and examined in this chapter. Martin Wachadlo, architectural historian, conducted the background historic research. 3.1 Niagara County: Physiology and Geology Figure 3-1. Niagara Falls, Niagara Falls, New York Niagara County borders the southern shore of Lake Ontario in the extreme northwestern corner of New York State, and occupies part of the Huron and Ontario Plains. The Ontario Plain comprises part of Lake Ontario to the foot of the Niagara Escarpment1, and the Huron plain extends from the crest of the escarpment southward beyond the county line. The Niagara Escarpment begins in Watertown, New York, USA and extends westerly along the Manitoulin Island in the Province of Ontario, Canada. The escarpment continues through Wisconsin and Illinois. With geological material measuring 64-ft thick, the stratigraphy at Niagara Falls provides a glimpse into the overall rock types comprising the Niagara Escarpment (Figure 3-1). The top layer is Lockport Dolomite, a hard rock referred to as the "Lower Silurian Group." Below the top layer is Rochester Shale, which is much softer and wears away easily with the effects of erosion. Under the shale are harder strata of limestone and dolostone known as the "Clinton Group." Below the harder strata is Grimsby sandstone. -
C:\Corruption\Bank Chartering Revision September 2004.Wpd
Bank Chartering and Political Corruption in Antebellum New York: Free Banking as Reform Howard Bodenhorn Lafayette College and NBER bodenhoh @ lafayette.edu Revised April 2004 Current revision September 2004 Abstract: One traditional and oft-repeated explanation of the political impetus behind free banking connects the rise of Jacksonian populism and a rejection of the privileges associated with corporate chartering. A second views free banking as an ill-informed inflationist, pro-business response to the financial panic of 1837. This essay argues that both explanations are lacking. Free banking was the progeny of the corruption associated with bank chartering and reflected social, political and economic backlashes against corruption dating to the late-1810s. Three strands of political thought -- Antimasonic egalitarianism, Jacksonian pragmatism, and pro-business American Whiggism -- converged in the 1830s and led to economic reform. Equality of treatment was the political watchword of the 1830s and free banking was but one manifestation of this broader impulse. Prepared for NBER Conference on Corruption and Reform. I thank Lee Alston, Michael Bordo, Andrew Economopoulos, Ed Glaeser, Stephen Quinn, Hugh Rockoff, Jay Shambaugh, John Wallis, Eugene White, Robert E. Wright, as well as seminar participants at Rutgers University, NYU and the NBER for many useful comments and suggestions on earlier drafts. Special thanks go to Claudia Goldin who provided extensive and valuable comments. I thank Pam Bodenhorn for valuable research assistance. -1- “He saw in the system what he thought a most dangerous political engine, which might in the hands of bad men be used for bad purposes.”1 1. Introduction Government policies toward business can be categorized into three types: minimal, maximal, and decentralized (Frye and Shleifer 1997). -
Modern Catskill
n8 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. a joint will, in which th ey devised the lands in th e p at Several low ridges ex tend throug h the town, para llel ent to their children, Dirck, J aco b, Cornelius, Anna Kat with the river. The most conspicuous of these are th e rina, wife of Anthony Van Schaick, and Chri st in a, wife Ka lk berg , from one to two miles in land, a limes tone of David Van Dyck. Cornelius in r740 obtained a con ridge 50 to 100 feet high, and the L ittl e Mountains, a firmatory patent for his share in the inheritance . r:rnge of eleva tions reac hin g 300 to 500 feet, two or three miles further west. The latter are sometimes call ed the KISKATOM PATENT. Hooge -ber gs. Of th e main Catsk ill Mountains , parts of The plain which lies alm ost at the base of the Catskill the east ern slope of North and So uth Mountains and Mountain s was ca lled by th e Indians Kiskatominakauke, High Peak are the southwes tern part of this town . A that is to say, th e place of thin-shelled hickory nu ts or rich agricultural district borders the river , from Catskill shag-barks . The nam e, in a corrupted form, first occurs down to the gre at bend known as the Inbogt about four in a deed dated in 1708. miles below. Fruit raising is engaged in to a cons idera This pl ace was bought by H enry Beekman from th e ble extent, an d many fine orchards of choice pea r trees Indians, and in 17 r 7 he rec eived a patent for a portion are to be seen . -
William Morgan, Or, Political Anti-Masonry
WILLIAM MORGAN; POLITICAL ANTI-MASONRY, 1 1 , GROWTH AND DECADENCE. BY ' r ROB MORRIS, LL.D., t 0 N- X k Ita comparatum esse homlnum naturam omnium, «J Aliena ut melius videant et dijudicent, Quam sua! —Terence. (Strange nature In Anti-Masons, that they can see and judge vhe affairs of Freemasons better than their own!) FIFTH THOUSAND. N E W YORK: ROBERT MACOY, MASONIC PUBLISHER, No. 4 B arc lat St r e e t . 1884. «?- - ° 1 ' Digitized by A-" < AI 7 /<■■ Z Os • 3 ' A- syibi.2. C o p y r ig h t , 1883. By ROB MORRIS, LL.D. ______ I KNIGHT & LEONARD . I Digitized by U o o Q l e TO THE EHEEMASONS OF CHICAGO AND VICINITY, W HOSE B R O T H E R L Y KINDNESS I HAVE LONG EXPERIENCED, AND WHOSE PATRONAGE OF THE PRESENT WORK HAS GIVEN ME RENEWED COURAGE TO PERSEVERE IN MY LIFE-TIME DEVOTION TO MASONRY, THIS FIFTH EDITION IS FRATERNALLY DEDICATED. Digitized by P E E FACE. I t is well nigh two score years since a gentleman at Oxford, Mississippi, then, as now, honored and beloved,* pronounced the mystic words that proclaimed me a member of the Masonic fraternity. I have not forgotten— can I ever forget? — even the smallest details of the time, place and occasion. The cold, stormy night in March; the little circle of ten or fifteen, all well known to me as neighbors and friends; the dilapidated apartment, then transformed under the magic of Masonic symbolism into “ the checkered pave ment of King Solomon’s Temple” ; the ceremonies, quaint and pregnant with ancient saws and apothegms; finally, the E x p l a n a t o r y L e c t u r e s , so eloquently delivered by one whose equal in that branch of inculcation I have rarely met through all subsequent years,— such is the vision that recurs vividly to my mind as, in the loneliness of my study, I indite this preface. -
Niagara in London : a Brief Study from Many Standpoints
M SpCl 127 N8 .V V' *.. l^'I'f'^-' V,' f, v. ,;-;.- ,t. -JAM i-''"';' ' »•'>-•;•• ; *< • t; " .% - ' ^> V ^ v '1 ,- •:^'.,-^:--,•^;n;;Yt,i^l, V * it'' • .: r '.' ':- v: ^? ' /t. ,/ '. i' i /;, .M 'i: •/ ^sW^--. - /^ * '.. J V-V; \ , ^ .^.^•-^-*.iiri*i'ii~~wi» jiMBii " % QNDOHl ^TTW yr f fisocK iwivEHsrry 18455J Niagara N London m^^^: A BRIEF STUDY FROM MANY STANDPOINTS Fkank H. Skvekance CONTENTS. INTKOOI'CTOK\ 3 A Vkcv. ok thk Past, 6 Vnr RlDDI.K OF THE RoCKS, . II Thf. Chain ok Recent Changk, 13 NiAliARA IN LeiTKRS AND IN Ak I , Ifow THE Falls Were Madk Frkk, lliU I'l SKK NlAUAKA, 26 A 8TUI>Y of THE ROAK, . 38 NiACARA AND THE ToURIST. 41 CoMEKY ANI» TrA<;EDV, 44 Paul Philipi-"iv v^ 47 •|WTHEWJM)RTHRUP&^ BUFFALONV. • ARTISTIC^. •ENQRAVINQ- •PRINTINQ' •BINDINQ-"^ i^.*il:)itt:cJ:| T IS RELATED of that unconventional English- man, Lord Byron, that on meeting an American }> gentleman, just arrived in London, he asked abruptly if the traveler had ever seen Niagara Falls. The American contritely admitted that he never had, whereupon thp poet turned from him with an expression of disgust at one who should come so far in quest of sights, leaving behind such a sight unseen. The American, however, was the type of his countrymen, rather than the exception. An American of wealth and leisure is far more apt to travel for pleasure in Europe than in his own country; partly because, if he is a man of taste, he gets more for his money abroad than at home, where civilization has none too much to offer in works of art or relics of past centuries ; and partly because, if he has been a man of aflfairs, he has incidentally gained (( a general idea of much of the fine scencr\- of his own land without S3 making a special effort for it. -
Tompkins County Public Library Assigned Branch: Ithaca - Tompkins County Public Library (TCPL) Collection: Local History (LH)
TOMPKINS COUNTY Navigating A Sea Oe Resources PUBLIC LIBRARY Title: Landmarks of Tompkins County, New York : including a History of Cornell University Author: Hewett, Waterman Thomas, 1846-1921. Selkreg, John H. ed. Call number: LH-REF 974.771 Selkreg Publisher: Syracuse, NY : D. Mason ; Evansville, IN : reproduction by Unigraphic, 1894, 1976. Owner: Ithaca - Tompkins County Public Library Assigned Branch: Ithaca - Tompkins County Public Library (TCPL) Collection: Local History (LH) Material type: Book Number of pages: 704 p. Digitization of this material was made possible with a 2009 grant from the Park Foundation LO "cr <=a ru [^ fr- !a Em j- . This book was donated by Friends of the Library Book Sale LHREF 974.771 Selkreg Selkreg, John H. , Landmarks of Tompkins County, New York : D. Mason ; reproduction b> 1894, 1976. 1894, 1976. For Reference Not to be taken from this room TOMPKINS COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY ITHACA, NY DEC 2 3 1997 LANDMARKS OP TOMPKINS COUNTY NEW YORK Including a History of Cornell University BY PROF. W. T. HEWITT EDITED BY JOHN H. SELKREG tfllustrateb This book was donated by Friends of the Library Book Sale SYRACUSE, N. Y. D. MASON & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS 1894 The reproduction of this book has been made possible through the sponsorship of the Tompkins County Bicentennial Commission, Ithaca, New York. A Reproduction by Unigraphic, Inc. 1401 North Fares Avenue nineteen hundred and seventy-six TOMPKINS COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 312 NORTH CAYUGA STREET ITHACA, NEW YORK 14860 PREFACE With each passing year the task of preparing a history of any local ity becomes more and more difficult. -
Niagara, from 1805 to 1875, by an Old Resident.
•fOr""^-^^ 'QK ^N, ^^HSlTt uW^^ $StA'1^AmA ^ 1805 to 1875. AiiPiis Steadmaii House BUILT IN BUILT IN 1760, BURNED IN 1813. \\ /L.._^i£ w: ' - -~y j:^^^ ^^"^-^^ 'in To Port Little Xiaoara. Stejtdni^m Augustus Porli'i's Ilduse House . BUILT IN 1760, eURNEO IN 1813. - , r^'-'^^j^^^^-wJ^' V %Msi-^-^^ -Sk-^ c II ^(r, 7-\ '^ifl^.J-i^ '-'n- '''</ A 2^1 1 Little Niagara. H Old French Saw mil. B Foil Ichkiaser 1 Old Stockade. C ^teadman Souse. J K Rivei- Road. I> S imll Duelling. li Path to the PalU E F Oa lie I and Orchard. O Old Burying Groiinil. G Old French Lamlinff P P Portage Boaih. I'orl Sclilosser I'ort LitQc Xi.iuaT.i NIAGARA, FROM 1805 TO 1875, BY AN OLD RESIDENT. NIAGARA: PAST AND PRESENT. THE name Niagara is derived from the Indian, first written Onguiaahra and Ongiara. It is of Iroquois origin, and was pronounced Niiigarah. It is used by Henne- pin in its present form. The meaning is doubtful, probably nothing more than high or great fall. No Indian name is known to have been given to Goat Island. The first historical notice of the Cataract is found in 1535. Cartier, the distinguished French navigator and discoverer, in that year first entered the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and as- cended the river to the Indian x'illage of Hochelaga, the site of the present city of Montreal. To him the Indians gave information of the existence of the great lakes, and of a wonderful waterfall between them. The position of the cat- aract is correctly indicated on Champlain's map of 1632. -
1 Vicious Campaigns Precluded the Presidential Election of 1828. Both
Vicious campaigns precluded the presidential election of 1828. Both sides hurled sultry accusations of adultery, murder, solicitation of prostitution, bigamy, and general incompetence. Two major factions, the Democrats and the National Republicans, were at the heart of the mudslinging that dominated the era. The leader of the National Republicans, referred to by most at the time as the “Republicans,” was the incumbent John Quincy Adams. Adam’s challenger and the Democratic nominee was “Old Hickory,” Andrew Jackson. In the end, after the polls closed and the votes were counted, it was apparent that Jackson had successfully waded through the mudslinging to emerge as the victor. While the political attacks among and between the two major parties are well documented, a sidebar that is often overlooked in the accounts of the 1828 presidential election are the actions of a minor third party that came into existence two years before. In 1826, a movement originated in central New York and proliferated throughout the northeast evolving into a political party as it spread. Both the movement and the political party were known by a self-descriptive name: “Anti-masonry.” Anti-masonry was a crusade to utterly destroy the secret fraternal organization of Freemasons. The birth and rise of Anti-masonry was the direct result of the mysterious disappearance of a Central New York resident, where it was widely believed that Freemasons were responsible for the abduction. It was also believed that the Freemasons used their considerable influence to thwart investigations into the disappearance and subverted prosecution of those involved. Anti-masonry as stated is the pursuit of the end of Freemasonry, but, what is Freemasonry? Freemasonry Freemasonry is a secret fraternal organization predominantly found in the United States 1 and Western Europe. -
Women, Work, War, and Wedlock in Colonial Newport, Rhode Island, 1750-1775
University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Open Access Master's Theses 1997 WAVES OF CHANGE: WOMEN, WORK, WAR, AND WEDLOCK IN COLONIAL NEWPORT, RHODE ISLAND, 1750-1775 Jonathan M. Beagle University of Rhode Island Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/theses Recommended Citation Beagle, Jonathan M., "WAVES OF CHANGE: WOMEN, WORK, WAR, AND WEDLOCK IN COLONIAL NEWPORT, RHODE ISLAND, 1750-1775" (1997). Open Access Master's Theses. Paper 1807. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/theses/1807 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WAVES OF CHANGE: WOMEN, WORK, WAR, AND WEDLOCK IN COLONIAL NEWPORT, RHODE ISLAND, 1750-1775 BY JONATHAN M. BEAGLE A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY 3 8 l (ojo/ 9-3 UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 1997 Abstract The intent of this thesis is to explore connections between gender relations and the construction of a local discourse by which residents of late colonial Newport, Rhode Island, interpreted the coming American Revolution. Historians in recent years have documented a relationship between gender and the rhetoric of the Revolution and separately have linked the development of commercial economies to a desire for independence in the colonies. However, relatively unexplored are the possible connections between the nature of gender relations within the emergent economies and the appeal for independence. The emergence of an urban economy in Newport dominated by commerce and consumerism wrought tremendous change i11the way men and women interacted with each other in the city. -
Libel in Mississippi, 1798-1832
The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Dissertations Spring 5-2010 Libel in Mississippi, 1798-1832 Muriel Ann Everton University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations Part of the Journalism Studies Commons, Legal Commons, Legal Studies Commons, Politics and Social Change Commons, Public History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Everton, Muriel Ann, "Libel in Mississippi, 1798-1832" (2010). Dissertations. 949. https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations/949 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of Southern Mississippi LIBEL IN MISSISSIPPI, 1798-1832 by Muriel Ann Everton Abstract of a Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy ABSTRACT LIBEL IN MISSISSIPPI, 1798-1832 by Muriel Ann Everton May 2010 The Mississippi Territory officially became part of the United States in 1798. The territory was to be governed under the rules of the Northwest Ordinance, but those who went to govern the area found a culture that required the use of common law to settle the disputes arising from prior governments under other nations. With no precedents on which to rely, disputes led, at first, to dueling and then to libel cases. Both common law and common sense prevailed while many of the disagreements were aired publicly in newspapers. -
Niagara Falls) to the West
THE SUBLIME FALLS –– HENRY DIDN’T GO THERE February 12, Wednesday: ... There is something more than association at the bottom of the excitement which the roar of a cataract produces. It is allied to the circulation in our veins We have a waterfall which corresponds even to Niagara somewhere within us. It is astonishing what a rush & tumult a slight inclination will produce in a swolen brook. How it proclaims its glee –its boisterousness –rushing headlong in its prodigal course as if it would exhaust itself in half an hour – how it spends itself– I would say to the orator and poet Flow freely & lavishly as a brook that is full –without stint –perchance I have stumbled upon the origin of the word lavish. It does not hesitate to tumble down the steepest precipice & roar or tinkle as it goes, –for fear it will exhaust its fountain.– The impetuosity of descending waters even by the slightest inclination! It seems to flow with ever increasing rapidity. It is difficult to believe what Philosophers assert that it is merely a difference in the form of the elementary particles, as whether they are square or globular –which makes the difference between the steadfast everlasting & reposing hill-side & the impetuous torrent which tumbles down it.... THE SCARLET LETTER: There was one thing that much aided me in renewing and re-creating the stalwart soldier of the Niagara frontier – the man of true and simple energy. It was the recollection of those memorable words of his –“I’ll try, Sir”– spoken on the very verge of a desperate and heroic enterprise, and breathing the soul and spirit of New England hardihood, comprehending all perils, and encountering all.