Women's News of the Monterey Bay Area VOL. 2, NO.8 NOVEMBER, 1979 Feminist Music from Santa Cruz ~River' Returns for Monterey Concert On Saturday, December 1, $3.50 at the door and $2.00 for River will be interviewed on My Demeter Productions will present children and senior citizens. Sister's House, KAZU 90.3 FM, at 1 River in concert at the MPC Music p.m., Thursday, November 15. They Hall at 8 p.m. Demeter Productions will have a will perform some of their material River is a group of four women meeting to coordinate efforts and will discuss the concert and from Santa Cruz: Vicky Blevins, around the concert at 7 p.m., Nov. 7 their upcoming album. Jerilyn Munyon, Beth Marliss and at 757 Grace St., Monterey. Women For more information, contact JT Cacky Gates. Members of River who would like to be involved in the Mason at 659-3752 or Barbara performed For You and About You concert are invited to attend. Bastian, 373-6987. to an enthusiastic audience at the Trish Nugent concert held here in July. After that concert Jerilyn Munyon said, "The audience was so hot, I'd like to take them on tour with us." Ms. Blevins and Ms. Munyon have been writing music and playing together for six years and, along with Ms. Gates, were members of Sister Star, a women's band that opened many concerts for artists such as Holly Near and Meg Christian in the early Seventies. River's music is an acoustical blend of folk and soft country performed on guitar and dulcimer. Demeter Productions will produce their album, to be recorded sometime this spring. The concert is River's debut performance arid will be the first of many. Christina Floyd from Switch Productions and Brenda Warren ~River' from Tran-Sisters will provide Members of the women's band 'River,' who will be in concert at MPC on sound. Sign language interpretation Dec. 1. From left to right are: Cacky Gates, Vicky Blevins, Jerilyn Munyon, and for the concert will be provided by Beth Marliss. (Photo by Christina Floyd} Sandra Faulkner. Child care will be available with reservation. Tickets will go on sale Given a choice in this life Nov. 12 at Bookworks ·in the I'd rather have a few good friends Country Club Gate Center, Pacific than any kind of money Grove; Do Re Mi Records in the Barnyard; the Women's Center Not a dollar, no, not one thin dime (YWCA), 276 Eldorado, Monterey, To bring me so much tears and laughter and Cymbaline Records in Santa And when I'm down I'm not alone Cruz. Tickets are $3.00 in advance, 2-Demeter-November, 1979 Editorial: Sharing in the Process Demeter Seeks Input From the Community In the past six months Demeter has doubled in size, material should be typed and double spaced. We reserve almost tripled the number of subscribers and improved the right to edit copy (manuscripts) but will contact the its format, allowing for photographs and a wider variety writer if major changes are felt necessary. Graphic art of graphic art. The response from the women's com­ and photographs reproduce best if submitted in black munity has been wonderful and much appreciated. and white, but color reproduction is possible. Please It is our hope to provide a forum for the wide and include name, address, and phone number so we can get varied spectrum of women's groups on the Peninsula, in touch with you. keeping in mind the commonality of women's struggle Calendar Items ·and roots of oppression. Demeter's viewpoint is that of a Demeter would love to have an overflowing calendar feminist publication seeking to provide information of of events every month. If you are having an event you events, news items, organizations and policy of interest would like publicized to the women's community, please to women in the Monterey Bay area. It seems un­ send it to Demeter by the 23rd of each month. necessary in a community this size to define ourselves as Letters to the Editor being something more specific than a "feminist news­ Letters to the Editor are an effective way to maintain magazine." We are not a "gay newspaper;" nor a "NOW an open dialogue with Demeter. It is important to know newsletter;" nor a "Childbirth Education gazette," how you feel about issues, policy, articles, etc., and although we will continue to provide information about letters are a vital way of communicating your ideas. We these issues. need feedback and input. It is sometimes a tricky balance to maintain, but we Personal Perspective feel a valid one for this area. In order to effectively Each month we feature on our back page one woman's provide this forum, however, we need help and input account of the process she went through in becoming a from the community. We have a small, totally volunteer feminist. Arriving at a feminist perspective is a staff which can't, and shouldn't have to, cover profoundly personal experience, yet one which often everything. Ideally, Demeter should function on a kind of reflects common patterns and themes involved in exchange basis with the women of the community, growing up female in America. We encourage readers to receiving information of events, ideas and issues from send in their own accounts of their emergence as many individual women or groups, and returning it all in feminists. printed form to the community at large. To submit calendar items, graphics, photographs, Writing for Demeter articles, etc., please include name, address, and phone Basically, our policy is to consider for publication number and mail to Demeter, P.O. Box 1661, Monterey, material of interest to women that is not sexist, ageist, CA93940. racist or homophobic in content. If at all possible, written -De bi Bus man r Thanks and welcome ® HAVING AN to our new subscribers: EXCITING- Nadine Davis HAPPINESS 1-WB-BY Linda Robinson IS ••• Nanette F. Maysonave BY Lois Van Beers ~~ F. Kathryne Burwell Joanne B. Lasnik Elaine Cass Nina McGiveran Gwen Scott Jennifer Isensee Susan Bernhardt Nancy Kilduski Delores Berry Polly Parker Marian Penn • Kathleen Goulding American Association of U niversRy-wc>men Special thanks for renewals: Leslie Springer Claire Parrish Tim Farmer Mieke Barnett Cathy Kozak Carole Anderson \.. Dorey Hollin Laura Tracy ..J Demeter-November, 1979-3 Confronts Pope in D. C. Nun Demands Priesthood for Women

Seven days, six cities and 76 at what he calls "the church's made in the image of God; women addresses after landing in Boston biggest scandal, sexism." are not full members of the church; Oct. 1, Pope John Paul II returned At first glance the issue seems to menstruation makes women im­ to Rome. concern only the few women who pure." At the Sanctuary of the want to be priests. But feminists That style of theologizing is passe Immaculate Conception in everywhere- may make tl1e1ssuea to a large number of American Washington, D.C., the Pope was symbolic one, according to the Rev. Catholics. Some Catholics believe welcomed by Sister M. Theresa Richard McBrien, professor of that the exclusion of women from Kane, president of the Leadership theology at Boston College. "By the modern priesthood could still Conference of Women Religious, ordaining women," he says, "the change, becau~e i~ _!§__rgot~Q._ in old who extended the "profound church would be uttering a sociocultural patterns and will respect" of her constituency and prophetic word that the world, eventually be seen not to derive then called point blank for the which keeps women in a second from any mandate of Christ. church to provide "the possibility of class status, could not ignore." If many, both Catholics and women as persons being included in Father Callahan says that others, were disheartened by the all ministeries of the church." About assigning the priesthood on the Pope's language, few were sur­ 50 of the 5,000 nuns in the basis on sex alone, cutting out half prised; he had said the same things congregation stood in silent protest the human race, is discriminatory. before. Meanwhile, however, there as the Pope praised the traditional "No, I'm afraid that the church's is little doubt that those "old socio­ religious life for women, including position on the ordination of women cultural patterns" have left an the wearing of religious habits, and is a symbolic summation of the way imprint on the clergy that will not noted that even the Virgin Mary people matter around the world: easily be erased. One church historian believes the issue is "50 to 100 years ahead of its time." One wonders if John Paul knows that once there was a female pope, "The church's decision to call men to the priesthood, and not to call named Joan. A brilliant scholar, women, "the Pope said, "is not a statement about human rights, nor Joan disguised herself as a man to an exclusion of women from holiness and mission in the church. " study in Athens, obtaining a degree in philosophy. Still in the attire of a monk, she went to Rome where Pope Leo IV made her a cardinal. Upon Leo's death in 853, she was was not present at the Last Supper The people who are poor and op­ elected pope by her fellow cardinals. or "inserted in the hierarchical pressed almost everywhere are After two years, four months, and constitution of the church." women." eight days as pope, she was Opening the priesthood to women According to the Rev. Hans discovered to be a woman when she has been proposed in the United Kung, the Swiss theologian, men in gave birth, whereupon she and the States ever since American the church, being men of their child were stoned to death. She feminists, nuns among them, began times, have shared in that op­ remained recognized as a pope until re-evaluating every kind of male pression. Women were excluded 1601 when Pope Clement VIII of­ dominance over women. "The from the church because, Father ficially declared her mythical and all church's traditional decision to call Kung writes, "through woman sin record of her was utterly men to the priesthood, and not to entered the world; woman was demolished. call women," the Pope said (in­ created second; woman was not -Joan Weiner terrupted at this point by applause from a majority of the 10,000 priests in Philadelphia's Civic Center), "is not a statement about human rights, nor an exclusion of women from holiness and mission in the church." It was, he said, rooted in un­ changeable tradition. According to the latest Gallup Poll, 40 percent of American Catholics favor women priests. Rev. William Callahan predicted that percentage would rise once Catholics begin to take a closer look 4-Demeter-November, 1979 Local and National News Briefs

HEW Opens Office Vale's First Woman Editor W ADV's Maria Gitin: of Domestic Violence A 101-year-old tradition was 'M ore Funds Needed' The Department of Health, shattered at Yale University Maria Gitin attended a state Education and Welfare has opened Monday, Oct. 21 when Anne Gar­ Assembly committee hearing in Los an Office of Domestic Violence to dner Perkins took over as editor of Angeles recently to urge public help coordinate federal assistance the Yale Daily News, the oldest funding of domestic violence cen­ for the estimated two million college newspaper in the country. ters. women a year who are beaten or Her appointment came 10 years Gitin, who spoke for six other physically abused by their husbands after Yale admitted women un­ domestic violence projects in the or male companions. dergraduates. central coast area, is coordinator of With a staff of five and a program Ms. Perkins said she will increase Women Against Domestic Violence, budget of $1.2 million, the office will coverage of minorities, women and a program of the Monterey YWCA, serve as an information clearing city news. and chair of the Task Force on house, putting community She follows a number of Domestic Violence of the Monterey organizations in touch with each distinguished editors including County Commission on the Status of other and the 12 federal agencies columnist William F . Buckley Jr. Women. which have programs related to and Supreme Court Justice Potter She urged the Assembly Human domestic violence. Stewart. Resources Committee to support Named as director was June H. - San Jose Mercury Assembly Bill 1946 to provide Zeitlin, an HEW attorney. permanent funding for centers to It represents the latest in a series aid battered wives and other women of steps by the government. to spur !twill be a gnat dq who are victims of violence in their greater community support for the homes. growing number of women who are wb8D -Monterey Peninsula Herald victims of repeated abuse in their ourachoals own homes. get all the mcmey Rape Victims: Guilty Until -Monterey Peninsula Herald they need and. the air farce ' ' 'Proven Innocent? Feminists and civil libertarians in 1st Black Woman General a Washington state county have Brig. Gen. Hazel W. Johnson been stunned by recent revelations became the first black woman that rape victims there are general in the history of the United routinely required to submit to States Army in a recent Pentagon · polygraph tests. Of the women who ceremony. report having been raped, 60 Following her promotion, she was percent flunk the test. sworn in as the 16th Chief of the Yakima County Rape Relief Army Nurse Corps. Coordinator Cheryl Ficek is Gen. Johnson holds a Ph.D. in charging that the prospect of taking administration from Catholic a lie detector test is an added in­ University, Washington, D.C. dignity that discourages rape -Madigan Mountaineer victims from reporting attacks. As it is, authorities estimate that nine Prostitute Patrons Women Beat AT&T out of ten rapes in the country go unreported. The city-owned radio station, A federal trial court judge had WNYC, has broadcast the names of ruled last year that Western Authorities have pressed charges nine men convicted of patronizing Electric Co., a wholly-owned against at least one woman for prostitutes in the first "John Hour" subsidiary of American Telephone giving false information to an of­ ficer, on the basis of her test results. as promised by Mayor Edward and Telegraph, was guilty of Rape Relief also reports a case in Koch. systematic discrimination against which a victim who thought she women, and last week the U.S. knew the identity of her attacker The station also aired the ages Supreme Court refused to hear the and addresses of the men, convicted requested that the suspect be tested appeal. It meant that the issue of as well. Authorities refused, ex­ since Oct. 9, when Koch said names damages awaited the separate trials of those convicted would be plaining that requiring a suspect to of at least 2,000 women in what was take a polygraph test would violate broadcast. Four of the men, aged 20 called potentially the most ex­ to 64, gave out-of-town addresses. his constitutional rights. pensive sex discrimination case ever Prosecutor Jeff Sullivan says, "A All were arrested in Manhattan. filed. -Monterey Peninsula Herald -San Francisco Chronicle Continued on page 6 pemeter-November, 1979-5

Santa Cruz YWCA Monterey Free University -Blessing in Disguise, an evening -Women's Center. General meet­ UFM, Monterey's educational of women's theatre, presented by ing Wednesday, Nov. 21, 5: 15-7 p.m. alternative, is offering the following the Santa Cruz Theatre Company, class of special interest to women: every Friday, Saturday and Sunday -Women's Support Group. -Women's Self Help Nov. 13, 7-10 evening at 8 p.m., Center Street Tuesday, Nov. 6, 13, 20, ·and 27, p.m. This class will use slides and Theatre, 1001 Center St. Through 7:30-9:30 p.m., YWCA. Fee $16 plus discussion to look at women's health Nov. 11. For more information, call membership. An eight week series from a wholistic point of view. 425-5211, ext. 202. intended for women trying to meet Topics will include prevention and -The Best of the New York the challenges in their lives. wellness, as well as common Festival of Women's Films, -Career counseling, testing and gynecological disorders and natural Thursday, Nov. 1, Santa Cruz Art resume preparation are now and herbal remedies. Class will be at Center, 1001 Center St. available from the YWCA's career the YWCA and will be taught by counselor, Florence Mason. She can Linda Robinson. be reached at theY. Register in person at the UFM National Women's Political Caucus -Swimming. Monday, Tuesday and office, College Center Building, The National Women's Political Thursday, 7-9 p.m., Monterey High. MPC campus or call373-2641. Caucus will hold its regular monthly An adult physical fitness program. meeting Nov. 15, 7:30, at Home A participation card for 10 ad­ Art Exhibits Savings, Seaside. Agenda includes missions will be issued for a fee of -Local artist Lynn Larson Inlow a talk by Suzanne Paszis, from $10 plus membership. will have an exhibit of serigraphs at Santa Cruz, author of the widely Call the Y at 649-0834 for the Carmel Art Association, Dolores used phamphlet, Getting Her registration and -or further in­ and Sixth, Carmel. The show opens Elected. formation on any of these programs. Nov. 8 with a reception that evening Until election day, Nov. 6, Caucus from 6 to 8 p.m. activities will center around the Women for Women -Friends of Photography presents campaign of Phyllis Turner, whom Women for Women will hold its a retrospective exhibit of the Caucus has endorsed for the regular monthly meeting 7:30, Nov. photographs by Ruth Bernhard in Hartnell College Board of Trustees. 15 at the Salinas Community the gallery in Carmel's Sunset Volunteers are needed. If you would Center, North Main Street, next to Center, San Carlos and Ninth like to help get her elected, contact the rodeo grounds. through Nov. 25. Lorraine McKenzie, Political Action -The Marjorie Evans Gallery will chair, at 649-3791. Women's Rap Group present the traveling Graphics The Women's Rap Group con­ Exhibition of the National tinues to meet Friday evenings at Association of Women Artists Nov. NOW 7:30 p.m. Each meeting provides an 5-30. Intaglio printing, serigraphy The National Organization for opportunity to exchange specific and lithography are methods Women had not scheduled its information about events in the represented. The gallery is open November meeting at press time. community, socialize, and discuss weekdays from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Call Bev Harrison, 37 5-6484 for personal needs. All women are There is no admission charge. date, time and place. welcome. For information on meeting location call Claire Parrish The NOW Action Team is Dance Concert at MPC working for ratification of the ERA. at 375-6484 or Jan ell Pierce at 372- 6680. Dramatic dance, jazz disco and For further information, contact Afro-Haitian will be among the Bev Harrison or Jane Britton, 373- styles featured at the MPC Faculty 5441. Meetings will be held Nov. 13 Dance Concert Friday and and 27 at the YWCA, 7:30 p.m. Saturday, Nov. 9 and 10, in the MPC Volunteers are needed. Theatre. Dawn Sare, the director, has choreographed two dances to be Demeter Productions performed. Other faculty Demeter Productions will have a choreographers are Gaila Cottrell, meeting at 7 p.m., Wednesday, Nov. Janet Butler, Mary Lambert van 7, at 757 Grace St., Monterey. All Buuren and Sandra Faulkner. women are encouraged to attend. Concerts start at 8 p.m. We will discuss our upcoming Admission is $2.50 general and $2 concert. Contact JT at 659-3752 for for students and senior citizens. further information. Continued on page 6 6-Demeter-November, 1979 News Briefs- Community Continued from page 4 Events charge of rape is potentially so Continued from page 5 damaging that we use every tool we can to determine whether a rape The Formula Factor occurred." The Childbirth Education League -Mother Jones and the YWCA are co-sponsoring a screening and discussion of The New Programs Designed Formula Factor, a Canadian TV production about the marketing of For Women in Prison baby formula in developing coun­ Women who go to prison are tries. This forum, part of the usually the principal wage earners YWCA's observance of World of their families and as many as 85 Mutual Service Week, will be percent of women prisoners have presented Thursday, Nov. 15 from 7 children. Recognizing this, the to 9 p.m. in Lecture Forum 103, Sheriff's Department in San Jose Monterey Peninsula College. operates a Women's Residential Donation is $2. Center, which houses up to 24 women and six children. More than WADV 180 prisoners have served their Women Against Domestic county jail terms in this apartment Violence will hold its monthly building in the last two years. The meeting Wednesday, Nov. 14 at women cook their own meals, care Graphic by Cyndi Sumner 5:30p.m. at the YWCA. -for their children and work or at­ WADV will hold advocate tend college. They are required to training this month. If you would save 20 percent of any earnings and Native Women's Rights like to join the Advocate Team, call to pay restitution to the victims of Native women marched 100 miles Maria Gitin, W ADV coordinator, at their crimes. Maria Black, the to Ottawa in July to pressure the 649-0834. project's director, said that the Canadian government and the program helped women keep in National Indian Brotherhood to Commission on the Status touch with the outside world and reform the marriage law and other cope with some of the things that of Women parts of the Indian Act which is up The county Commission on the may have led them to prison. for revision in the next few months. -NationalNOWTimes Status of Women will meet Wed­ As a result, representatives of the nesday, Nov. 7 at 7:30 in the Canadian government and the Gays Entering Police Force Supervisors' Chambers, Salinas National Indian Brotherhood have Court House. Via Outreach Program begun to acknowledge the Nine gay men and seven lesbians legitimacy of the women's demands are among the candidates who are regarding housing rights, adoption Emotional Aspects of Pregnancy expected to enter the San Francisco of Indian children, education, A workshop on Emotional Police Academy during the next health, and marriage rights. Aspects of Pregnancy will at held eight months. Legal discrimination was set up Saturday, Nov. 17 at the Quality Inn San Francisco is apparently the by the Canadian government in 1951 Towne House, 808 North Main St., only large city in the world to accept in the Indian Act which states that Salinas, from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. avowed homosexual applicants for Indian women lose their Indian Registration deadline is Nov. 14. police employment. status if they marry non-Indians. The fee is $12.50 which includes The 16 homosexuals represent 8 Housing for Indians who live on lunch. Make check payable to percent of the 199 candidates who reservations is controlled by the Salinas Adult School and mail to will enter the academy before next band councils, and there are few Ann Priebe, Salinas Adult School, May, said Les Morgan, coordinator women who sit on these councils. 431 W. Alisal, Salinas, 93901. of the Gay Outreach Program. Single mothers are given low He said that gays statistically priority and are often forced to live ~~~ ~ were more successful in passing off the charity of already welfare­ dependent friends and relatives in police recruitment tests than other ~" ~y f/f) applicants. overcrowded run-down dwellings. d'~~~~~~, PJ.. "Roughly speaking," Morgan said, For married couples, a house is most -' ..::;;?~e; "about one in five of the gay ap­ often the property of the husband ~~~ '~~ plicants will actually end up getting and in case of divorce or separation, ~~;; ~ ~~o ~~(\ hired, as compared with only one in a woman has no claim to the ~~~p 17L:fd ~~~ d & At:' ten applicants as a whole." property. Qlllt;;;;;,:pv -San Francir:;co Chronicle - ·Off Our Back~ Demeter-November, 1979-7 Law Center Offers ~women and the Law' Course Law School is 'Part of the Community'

Are you making less money than a man doing the same job? Are you unsure of your financial rights if you were to leave your husband? Information about these and other problems will be presented by Monterey College of Law in a course titled Women and the Law, Nov. 3, 10 and 17. The course is open to the public. There are no prerequisites. · Teaching the course is Ann C. Hill, a San Francisco attorney who used to work with the Carmel law firm of Heisler, Stewart and Daniels. Ms. Hill is also the former executive of the Connecticut Women's Education and LegalFund. . Classes will be held from 9:30 a.m. til noon each Saturday at the college, 498 Pearl Street, Monterey, former home of PG&E. The Nov. 3 class is about women in family law. It will focus on marital (and just living together) contracts and on a woman's financial rights when there is no contract. Women in employment law is the subject of the Nov. 10 class. The Equal Opportunity Act of 1964 will be Law Center Director Ellen Fondiler (left) and Monterey discussed, and advice will be given for women who are College of Law Dean Marian Penn at the school's of­ doing the same job as men, but getting less money. fices at 498 Pearl St., Monterey. (Photo by Bonnie Lemons) Women in criminal law is the subject of the Nov. 17 class. It will cover rape laws, the rights of women ac­ 60. Several of the county's women lawyers are cused of breaking the law and the role of women in law graduates of the Monterey College of Law. enforcement and the courts. Those interested can sign up for all three classes for The four-year night school has a woman dean and four of its 18 teachers are women: Elaine Cass, Nancy $30 or take classes individually for $15 each. Advance registration is not necessary for individual classes. To Hunter, Kathy Stoner, and Marian Penn. All full-time sign up for all three classes, call Linda Fredericksen at staff members are women: Linda Fredericksen, ad­ ministrator; Sheila Benson, registrar; Vivian Minton, Monterey College of Law, 373-3301. receptionist, Fondiler and Penn. The school has a Women Law Students Association "I'm always asked to talk about law as a non-tradi­ for students and alumni. Potlucks and social activities tional career for women, " Dean Marian Penn says. are combined with lectures on subjects such as the "It's not anymore." stress women experience when they enter a profession that has been dominated by men for centuries. Twelve of the school's 29 graduates are women. Nine The course is the first project of the school's Law of the 12 have passed the state bar exam, and one is still Center, a grant-funded division of the school intended waiting for results. Of the nine, seven are working as to reach the public and practicing attorneys. "A law attorneys, four of them on the Peninsula. They are school should do more than teach people who want to be Nancy Levine, Florence Hunter, Kathy Stoner and lawyers," says Harvard-educated Marian Penn, dean of Eileen Norberg. Mickey Welsh, a Pacific Grove the school. "It should be part of the community." resident, is now a practicing attorney in Salinas. Future courses include How to Use the Small Claims Dean Penn and Law Genter Director Fondiler are Court (Nov. 16), Landlord-Tenant Law (Nov. 29), and optimistic about the future for women attorneys. About Land Use Processes in Monterey County (scheduled for half the students entering law schools are women, Penn January). says. Their chances of getting jobs after graduation are It is significant that the fledgling Law Center should good, she says, both because law firms are trying to fill test its wings with a course for women. Penn says the quotas and because more and more women want women idea of a Law Center came out of a conference held by attorneys. ''I'm always asked to talk about law as a non­ the college last March for those who work with battered traditional career for women," Penn says. "It's not women. The Law Center is headed by a woman, 28- anymore." year-old Loyola law school graduate Ellen Fondiler. The two women also see state and federal laws Monterey College of Law, which opened for classes in becoming more responsive to women in the future. "It 1973, is part of the expanding role women are playing in will take many, many years before we reach equality, the legal system in Monterey County. The county had but things are certainly changing for the better," only three female lawyers in 1971, said Penn. Eight Fondiler says. years later, that number has grown to between 50 and -Bonnie Lemons 1

WADV Advocate Training, Women's Rap Group, 7:30. Seaside For location call Janell, 372- My Sister's House, KAZU 6680, or Claire, 375-6484. 90.3 FM, 12:30-3 Evening of Feminist Theatre, Festival of Women's Films, Blessings in Disguise, all­ Santa Cruz Art Center, 1001 woman show, Center St. Center St. Theatre, Santa Cruz, 8 p.m. 4 5 6 7 8 9

Commission on the Status of MPC Faculty Dance Concert, Women and the Law, 9:30- Election Day Women meeting, 7:30, 8 p.m., MPC Theatre 12:3:), Monterey College of WADV Advocate Training, Salinas Court House Lynn Inlow's art exhibit Women's Rap Group, 7:30. Law Women's music, KAZU 90.3 National Assc. of Women Seaside Demeter Productions opens Carmel Art Assc. For location call Janell, 372- MPC Faculty Dance Concert, FM, 12-3 Artists exhibit opens at Women's Support Group, meeting, 7 p.m., 757 Grace My Sister's House, KAZU 6600, or Claire, 375-6484 8 p.m., MPC Theatre Feminist Theatre, Santa Cruz Sunset Center, Carmel 7:30, YWCA St., Monterey 90.3 FM, 12:30-3 Feminist Theatre, Santa Cruz Feminist Theatre, Santa Cruz 11 12 13 14 15 16 · WADV Advocate Training, 6- 9 National Women's Political Women and the Law, 9:30- NOW Action Team, 7:30, Caucus meeting, 7:30 12:30, Monterey College of YWCA My Sister's House, KAZU Law Abigail Adams birthday, 1744 Women's Self Help class, 7- 90.3 FM, 12:30-3 WADV Advocate Training Women's music, KAZU 90.3 10, YWCA "The Formula Factor" film on Women's Rap Group, 7:30. "Emotional Aspects of FM, 12-3 Elizabeth Cady Stanton birth­ Women's Support Group, Nestle Co., 7-9, MPC For location call Janell, 372- Pregnancy" workshop, 9-4, Feminist Theatre, Santa Cruz day, 1814 7:30p.m., YWCA WADV meeting, 5:30, YWCA Georgia O'Keefe birthday 6600, or Claire, 375-6484. Salinas 18 19 20 21 22 23

As far as we know, NOTHING IS HAPPENING TODAY! Is that possible? Let us know. Send information to Demeter deadline for copy Thanksgiving Day Women's Rap Group, 7:30. Women's Music, KAZU 90.3, Demeter, P.O. Box 1661, Women's Support Group, Women's Center meeting, My Sister's House, KAZU For location call Janell, 372- 12-3 Monterey. 7:30, YWCA 5:15, YWCA 90.3 FM, 12:30-3 6680, or Claire, 375-6484. 25 26 27 28 29 30

We need calendar news. Team, Send information to Women's Rap Group, 7:30. 90.3 Demeter, P.O. Box 1661, KAZU For location call Janell, 372- Monterey. ·6600, or Claire, 375-6484. ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ 10-Demeter-November, 1979 Book Reviews Working It Out Small Changes Working It Out, 23 Women children, but this pattern is slowly Writers, Artists, SciEntists and giving way as more and more Scholars Talk About Their Lives women enter the job market. But in Small Changes, by Marge Piercy. and Work, edited by Sara Ruddick what capacity are they entering the Fawcett Press. and Pamela Dani~ls. Pantheon work force? Are they striving to Books. fulfill their true ambitions and I did myself a favor this month by abilities, or out of habit doing what reading a book that had been highly "To give myself to my work - to they have done for centuries - recommended by a friend as admit that I loved it as much as creating the essential conditions for feminist fiction. I was surprised to husband and children, needed it as the (more important) work of men? find an exciting and enlightening much, perhaps more, was the most The forward to Working It Out is story of two very different women terrifying admission I could make." written by Adrienne Rich, a per­ that dealt with pertinent issues on a Celia Gilbert's statement from ceptive writer-poet who has become personal-political level. Working It Out startled me con­ one of the leading voices for the Small Changes by Marge Piercy siderably last summer. To imagine feminist movement in this country. (author of High Cost-of Living and that "work" (a word with odious She observes: "The essays in this Women on the Edge of Time) connotations) could challenge the book are parts of a much larger combines a personal perspective on love a woman felt for her husband. work, which we are still struggling women's lives as well as thought­ and children seemed incredible. · to possess: the long process of provoking political statements. Like most women, my primary making visible the experience of The book is divided into three energies and mental focus had women. The tentativeness, the parts: the first book is of Beth, always been reserved for · anxiety, sometimes approaching second of Miriam and third Both in relationships and work was paralysis, the confusions, described Turn. The two main characters, something I did "for the money" in many of these essays by in­ Beth and Miriam, interact with despite the fact my various clerical­ telligent, educated, "privileged" many others touching upon diverse service jobs have always been women, are themselves evidence of aspects of life. Beth is first in­ moderately interesting and en­ the damage that can be done to troduced as she walks down the joyable. It never seriously occurred creative energy by the lack of a aisle to be married and into what to me that my work ever could (or sense of continuity, historical becomes for her a prison gate. Later should!) demand and challenge my validation, community. Most we see her escaping to live alone, deepest dreams and talents. women, it seems, have gone through struggle for independence and As a woman raised in a their travails in a kind of spiritual achieve strength and confidence as patriarchal society, I've always isolation, alone both in the present she turns her energies towards considered men's work to be and in ignorance of their place in women. somehow more "valid" and essential any female tradition. The support of Miriam provides a sharp contrast to the maintenance of our political friends, of a women's group, may as a highly intellectual woman with and social institutions. That I could make survival possible; but it is not a strong need to be loved. aspire to a career based upon my enough ...." In the final book, Both in Turn, innermost loves and- talents seemed Working It Out provides the the contrast of the lives of Beth and impossible- even frivolous. ·reader with a sense of connection to Miriam are developed. Beth, still After reading the painful­ other working women; if provides striving for strength and in­ inspiring accounts of these 23 "written words to read, images to dependence, finds her life becoming women pursuing a meaningful look at, a dialogue with brave and more involved with women. She vocation, I've changed my mind. It imaginative women." It addresses explores collective living, women's now seems clear that without a itself specifically to the problems theater and the possibilities of personally significant, absorbing life women have doing "their own work" loving another woman. work, _one resigns oneself to in a society which imparts the Mirian seems to be losing her existence in a sort of twilight zone message that women should work identity in attempting to please her - living life vicariously through the out of love, instinct or devotion to husband and children. Yet accomplishments of others. This some higher cause than self. somewhere I got the feeling of condition should be unacceptable to This book is a direct, challenging, strength inside her, which leaves any healthy human being. intimate series of personal essays open the hope that she, too, would Women have traditionally ex­ which every woman should take the discover it. perienced a greater part of their time to read and think about. The Piercy's writing is excellent. She lives through their husbands and Continued on page 11 Continued on page 11 Demeter-November, 1979-11 Working It Out- Continued from page 10 Album Review: Quiet Thunder I authors of these accounts were Quiet Thunder is the first album The instrumentation on Quiet selected not because they were released by the Portland based Thunder is sparse which allows the "famous" (although a few are) but quartet, Izquierda Ensemble. The intricate vocal harmonies to be because each one has experienced group, Naomi Little bear Martinez, highlighted. The harmonies are significant conflict, change and self­ Kristan Aspen, Robin Chilstrom and atypical and often eerie but are examination in pursuit of her chosen Ozetta Smith, has recorded two ' always powerful. profession. Each author reveals cassette tapes and this new album The songs range from a beautiful candidly her own fears, confusion includes some songs from those rendition of "Gracias la Vida" to a and setbacks, as well as a personal tapes as well as new material. flute and piano piece, "Hearts of method of "working it out" which The album is produced, arranged Silver" to "Sisters Take Care of allowed her to achieve her current and most of the material is written Sisters": "If you can see me beside .level of productivity. These by Naomi Littlebear Martinez. "I you and look at where I'm coming revelations will undoubtedly be grew up in the barrio. My grand­ from, you will recognize a sister reassuring and inspiring for any mother wanted to listen to the right a way. And if you look a little woman groping her way through Mexican music station and I wanted longer you will see ine getting· the maze of personal and social to listen to rhythm and blues. Lots stronger and you will know that I've· prejudice in search of a meaningful of times I won but once in a while I been with you all along." life work. did end up singing rancheras. They -Carol Hellander were wonderful 'cause you got to Quiet Thunder is available locally scream in the middle of them. When at Do Re Mi Records in the Barn­ we moved to a white neighborhood yard. Izq uierda will perform in Small Changes-· the popular music was surfer music. concert Nov. 15 in Berkeley. It's a That just had no soul. Now we sing wonderful album and I know you'll Continued from page 10 scat, and use our voices as in­ enjoy it. moves in and out of the many struments." -JTMason transitions the lives of her characters make, developing the personalities fully and overall keeps Thanks to Gwen Scott and Barbara Bastian a good, even pace. As she explores the many aspects of women's lives she shares the intimate relation­ Demeter T-Shirts Now Available ships and emotions that go along Let the world know your interest the \Demeter goddess .on the front with establishing social change in women's issues on the Monterey . and our logo on the back. Logo is through personal experience, Peninsula - wear our beautiful optional. All come in small, medium sharing child rearing and the reality Demeter T -shirt. and large sizes. of marriage and many other of life's Our shirts, designed by Barbara Order by mail or pick one up at dynamics. Bastian and silk-screened by Gwen our next concert, Dec. 1. Small Changes is a story of Scott, are now available in two color Price is $5. Please add 50 cents for transitions focusing on women's combinations and three shirt styles. postage on mail orders. experiences. We have tank tops, French cut and It's not too soon to be thinking - Cyndi Sumner regular T -shirts. Tank tops come in about Christmas. Our shirts would tan with brown Demeter goddess on make great Christmas gifts and so the front. T-shirts are available in would subscriptions to Demeter. tan with brown designs or black We'll be glad to send a gift card to shirts with white designs and have the recipient announcing your gift.

Poetry Organization for Women (POW) of Dublin, Calif., is holding a poetry con test. En tries will be accepted until Jan. 20, 1980 in six categories for women poets. t:[)EMETER._-; (with brown design) (with white design) Prizes will range from $25 to merit certificates. Information can Demeter T-Shirts are now available with the Demeter goddess design on the be obtained by sending a stamped, front and our logo on the back. (The logo is unavailable on tank tops and optional self-addressed envelope to C.J. on other shirts.) To order shirts by mail, please check appropriate boxes and send Baker, 2451 Church Lane, No. 47, name, address, and check or money order for $5 (plus 50 cents postage) to San Pablo, Calif. 94806. S...------1 Demeter, P.O. Box 1661, Monterey, CA93940. 12-Demeter-November, 1979

APPLE TREE, 1970 Photo by Ruth Bernhard S. F. Photographer Celebrates 74th Birthday Ruth Bernhard Opens Show in Carmel

Ruth Bernhard shocked locals by showings of a short film on Bern­ Francisco Victorian in the rain. She hanging her photographs of nudes hard done by Roland Buckman and has taught photography at several as the judge's entry at the 1976 Robert Burrill. Bay Area schools and has taught Monterey County Fair. Three years The retrospective, which is on private classes and workshops later, her photos are back and display through November 25, throughout the country. hanging where they're more at includes exquisite still lifes and In 197 4, she issued two limited home - the Friends of Photography striking fashion shots, as well as portfolios of her work. She has had Gallery in Carmel. original, sensitive nudes. All prints many one-person exhibits and has No one seemed shocked at the are for sale for $400 each. The been part of several major group October 26 opening of the gallery is at the Sunset Center in shows, including Women in retrospective, which features the Carmel, San Carlos and Ninth. Photography at the San Francisco best photographs of a 50-year A native of Berlin, Bernhard Museum of Modern Art in 1975 and career. More than 100 people, in­ studied at the Berlin Academy of Recollections: 10 Women in cluding such well-known Art. As a young woman of 22, she Photography this fall at the photographers as Ansel Adams and moved to New York and started her International Center for Cole Weston, showed up to pay career in photography. During the Photography in New York City. tribute to the spirited grande dame Thirties, she supported herself by -Bonnie Lemons ·of West Coast photography. It was doing commercial work in New York also her 74th birthday. and Hollywood. Visitors came from as far away as Bernhard moved to her present Ontario for the opening. The party home of San Francisco in 1953. One even included movies - repeated of her nicest photographs is of a San Demeter-November, 1979-13 Four Women Open Dance Studio

Dance, Etc. has announced the opening of a studio at 430 1/2 Alvarado Street, Monterey (above the Regency Theater). Classes to be offered include modern dance, ballet and jazz for children and teens. Body awareness, dancercise, and ballet classes are available for adults. Diane Chatwin, Sharon Coniglio, Gaila Cottrell, and Sandra Faulkner are on the staff. A brochure of classes is available upon request at 27 Greenwood Vale, Monterey. For additional information, call 624-3429 after 6 p.m. New classes start the beginning of each month.

Women's Graphics Exhibit Opens

The Marjorie Evans Gallery, Carmel, will present the traveling graphics exhibition of the National Association of Women Artists, Nov. 5-30. The National Association of Women Artists was organized in 1889 when opportunities were non-existent for women artists to exhibit their work or acquire professional status. The organization has grown to a membership of about 700 professional painters, sculptors, and printmakers from 42 states. The oldest and largest women's professional art association in the United States, it has pioneered in the organization of traveling exhibitions of its members' works. TRIANGLES, 1942 Photo by Ruth Bernhard In the exhibit, many experimental methods are represented in relief and intaglio printing, serigraphy, and lithography. It can be seen in the Marjorie Evans Gallery, Sunset Center, each weekday from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. There is no admission charge. Learning to Love the Moon I am learning to love the moon Earth bound Artist Lynn Inlow to Open Show My green eyed lover Walks alone in the moonlight (Editor's note: Local artist Lynn Larson Inlow's one­ Her body glints woman show opens Nov. 8 at the Carmel Art like a beam of light Association, Dolores and Sixth, with a reception from 6 like a blade to 8 p.m. opening night.) I will take her into my heart Any art is the outgrowth of the artist's daily life - · I will know her moon-loving ways externally, internally - a melange of things seen and Living in her silver kisses unseen. And so- as I am discovering and growing into the realization that I am a feminist, that awareness has I will learn the secrets of the sleeping hills crept into and almost dominated my recent works as a Goddesses graphic artist. The new images which I have produced Lying in the arms of the moon over these last short four months have come spilling We will know the stillness of the night. from my dreams - in a hurry to be resolved and -By Kathy Stoner narrated. It has been a powerful experience for me to (Reprinted from WomanTide see a deep part-place of my soul translate itself upon paper. Pay attention to the titles of that group of Vol. 1, No.6, September 1975) serigraphs called "Big Game Cards." The titles, of course, are clues to myself in process. I would like to share some of my "interior process" as art with you - artist and non-artist alike. -Lynn Larson Inlow 14- nemeter-November, 1979 Women's Center Celebration Women of all ages, colors, lifestyles and backgrounds coming together to share, to learn, and to grow is what the new YWCA Women's Center of the Monterey Peninsula is about. About 200 women and men came together to celebrate the opening of the Women's Center Friday, Sept. 28 at the YWCA. It was a high-spirited celebration of the conception of a women's center where goals are to meet some specific needs of the rich variety of women who live on the Monterey Peninsula. Volunteer women working together are compiling an information and f!_hgrq by_Caro_l Hellancler referral system to assist women, a clearing house for local women's activities, and a library of books for, NOW's National Conference in L.A. by, and about women. Along with cheese and wine, the The National Organization for Fernando Valley chapter marching afternoon program included Afro­ Women held its 12th annual national band and speeches by LA Mayor Haitian dance, disco dancing, poetry conference at the Bona venture Tom Bradley, Presiding Justice of readings, singing, and an akido Hotel in Los Angeles Oct. 5-7. the California Court of Appeals demonstration. The women who The focus of this year's con­ Judge Joan Dempsey Klein, entertained and shared their talent ference was election of national California Supreme Court Chief were a rich part of the afternoon. officers and passing the Equal Justice Rose Bird, and NOW It was exciting to see so many Rights Amendment (ERA). national president Eleanor Cutri women come together. There were Campaign posters were displayed in Smeal. students, retired women, working designated areas and the candidates These people spoke to an women, lesbians, women of color, were busy speaking to various audience of 3,000 women and men young women, older women, caucuses throughout Friday and from New York to Hawaii clad in mothers, married women, and Saturday. The elections were green and white, the colors for the single women. It seems to me, as Saturday night. Eleanor Smeal was ERA ratification campaign. women we have always been re-elected president. The more entertaining side of the separated from women different Strategies for passing the ERA conference included a feminist film from ourselves and it was a rich were discussed throughout the festival, disco dance, a feminist experience for us all to be together. conference in the form of talent showcase, and a concert We are beginning to build a workshops, resolutions and small including Nola Richardson, Margie bridge across these racial, class, informal groups coming together to Adam, Holly Near, Vickie Randle, age, and lifestyle barriers that share ideas. Political action com­ and the New Miss Alice Stone traditionally have divided us and mittees are forming throughout Ladies Society Orchestra. kept us fighting among ourselves. NOW to focus in 1980 on electing Ivy Bottini was reminiscing As we get to know women different key legislators in unratified states between sets about the first NOW from ourselves we will begin to who will support the ERA. ·· meeting in New York City with appreciate our difference and Many other workshops were held Betty Fried an, Muriel Fox, Ti Grace uniqueness and celebrate those throughout the weekend including Atkinson, Barbara Love, and Rita things which we share in common lesbian rights, violence against Mae Brown, who was dropping that unite us all as women. women, disabled feminists, lead­ bombshells throughout the evening. I thank all those who came to ership skills and organizing, equal What a meeting that must have share with us at the open house and opportunity in athletic programs, been! a warm thanks to all those women homemaker rights, media reform, The National NOW Conference who gave their time and energies to older women's rights, minority covered a wide scope of feminist · make it all come together. women, and reproductive rights, issues with much laughter and Please join us at our next regular just to name a few. Many of the warmth, some tears, much sweat monthly Women's Center meeting workshops drew up resolutions to and a coming together for the on Nov. 21, 5:15 p.m. at the YWCA, be presented to the main body. struggle for women's rights 276 Eldorado, Monterey. The opening ceremonies on everywhere. -Gwen Scott Saturday included music by the San -Claire Parrish & Bev Harrison Demeter-November, 1979-15 women scrupulously avoid careers as CPA's, yet cling steadfastly to secretarial jobs where they are All Things Considered often expected to handle all of the By Janie Forrest firm's bookkeeping and billing. We're reluctant to attempt medical I drove by a charming cottage last fine arts. All other options were school, yet do not hesitate for a week and noticed a homemade "For eliminated even before these moment to become medical and lab Sale" sign tacked to a tree. On a women arrived at the university. assistants, requiring extensive use whim, I called the owners later that Why did all this ·happen? One · of chemistry, math and technology. day. The wife answered the phone prevailing notion is that our math We do not enroll in bank and politely told me the asking aversion was subliminally management training programs, yet price. Wheri I inquired about programmed somewhere during our we com prise well over 90 percent of financial details, however, the intermediate and secondary all bank tellers. woman became anxious. She in­ educational experience. Often our If recognizing the problem .is the sisted that I would have to call back parents and teachers had low ex­ first step toward treating it, then when her husband returned home pectations of us. They forgave a girl our first step has been taken. Math because he was the only one who when she did poorly in math, en­ anxiety workshops for women have could answer mathematical couraging her to do well in other been started at a number of colleges questions. As I hung up, I couldn't subjects instead. Those females throughout the country, and the help wondering how this woman successful in math often faded away success has been extremely en­ would survive if she were ever to during their teens because of fear of couraging. A demand for such become divorced or widowed. social ostracism from being labeled groups locally could probably Her problem, like that of the a "brain" at math. We had limited produce programs at MPC and majority of women in America, is role models as most math and Hartnell. For the goal of math anxiety. The feminist science faculty mem hers in our remediation should not only be the movement is just now beginning to junior and senior high schools were curing of an individual case, but also realize the ramifications of this men. When we sought help from our the elimination of the conditions insidious handicap. For in fact, fear parents after school, we were that foster the disease. of rna th significantly limits our usually told to wait until our fathers professional growth, personal got home. The word problems in our achievements and independent math texts showed boys involved in Demeter to Offer living skills. If you are part of this business or scientific ventures, majority of women who has always whereas girls were seen in domestic hated and feared math, think about activities. (I am a special education Classified Ads this question: What would you teacher and our modern math books Demeter offers classified ads! change in your life if you suddenly remain criminally insulting to Want to find a place to live, share a felt competent in math? Would you females. In word problems, little ride, sell a car? For only $1 Demeter take flying lessons, learn technical "Johnny" is figuring out his weekly will run your 3 line (15 word) ad in photography,- design your dream earnings for helping Mr. Brown at its next issue. Submissions must be house, start your own business, the store, but "Susie's" word received no later than the 23rd. We prepare your (long form) income problems show her trying to con­ reserve the right to refuse ads tax? vert cups into pints in order to bake inappropriate to our publication. In her book Overcoming Math cookies.) Send your ads to: Demeter, P.O. Anxiety, Sheila Tobias recalls a But in spite of our widespread Box 1661, Monterey, 93940, with 1972 study at Berkeley in which all math anxiety, the irony is clear: payment enclosed. incoming freshmen were asked how many years of high school math they ·------~ had completed. Fifty-seven percent of the males responded that they Support Demeter had taken four years of high school math, but only eight percent of the women had this same amount. Without four years of high school Subscribe! math, students were ineligible for the sciences, technology, business Name______management, economics, en­ vironmental studies, etc. In fact, Address. ______since they could not take the entry level courses in such fields, 92 percent of the females were ex­ cluded from 10 of 12 colleges at D Six months DOne year Berkeley. Instead, they would be Subscriptions to Demeter are $3.00 for six months I restricted to the "feminine" fields: or $6.00 for one year. Mail check or money order humanities, guidance and coun­ to Demeter, P.O. Box 1661, Monterey, CA 93940. 1 seling, elementary education and ------·1 16-Demeter-November, 1979 A Continuing Series Feminism-A Personal Perspective three years, The Salmon, spoke Arriving at a feminist perspective is a profoundly personal experience. about my struggle as a woman. The process forces one to re-examine many unquestioned customs and One of the most positive relationships. Feminism helps women realize they have a right to make elements in the feminist movement many more choices than society commonly permits. Through Demeter we has been the sense of cooperation hope in some way to reach every woman. Each month a woman will be between women. The Feminist Art w·riting a chronicle of the process she went through in becoming a feminist. Journal worked with me on my We encourage others to send in their own accounts of their emergence as article on Vinnie Ream and feminists. published it in 1976, also reproducing my drawing from a My emergence as a feminist shapes, or as always having a dot or photograph of the artist. Heresies artist occurred when I accepted the circle somewhere in the com­ was also tremendously helpful in fact· that discrimination against · position, but these were not con­ shaping my article on quill art. I women in art existed, and that it scious attempts to make a feminist have a number of articles coming would never change unless women statement. out in the future, and am continuing did something about it. It became In 1964 I began making artist's to research women artists of the obvious to me that the incidents of books centered around "woman's past, folklore of the Goddess, and to prejudice I had encountered were sphere." I continued to use natural make art relating to feminist issues. not unique or accidental and could and manufactured materials in Individual women encouraged not be overcome by personal effort. assemblages and collages. A and assisted each other 30 years My family expected women to number of pieces used doll furniture ago, when I took my first art class, make decisions and act on them, so to symbolize the home, or the but there was a sense of isolation. there was a certain tolerance, if not stereotype of woman's place. Because of the restricted number of encouragement, for independent In 1969, after a period of 17 women in positions of power, there females. I also had an unusual role years, I found myself with two was very little they could do to model in my great-aunt. She had daughters, no marriage, no job, no further the career of other artists. been able to travel with well-to-do retirement. Although I had been Women who had galleries preferred members of the family, studying art accepted in graduate school, I soon to show men. Every segment of the and visiting galleries and museums found out that no woman had ob­ art world was dominated by men: on the East ·Coast, London and tained a master's degree from that galleries, faculties, publishing, Paris. My grandmother's house was art department. I changed majors critics, grants. filled with her paintings, and before and began making assemblages with The uniqueness of our time is she died Aunt Mildred pointed out feminist messages, using the knick­ that we now have a sense of the one she was leaving me. It was knacks that have been treasured by belonging, a feeling of community so unfinished. women and children. A couple of that we can help each other, and out My commitment to art began as pieces -used gourds, a symbol of Qf fullness express humor as well as a child. I loved to draw, paint and fertility, magic and the womb. A anger and beauty. carve. Not only did art give me an painting which I worked on for -Carolyn Berry opportunity to order my per­ ceptions in a personal way, it provided a chance to express anger as well as beauty. Our town, Sweet Springs, was small and we were forced to im­ provise with materials. We also had no art in. the schools, or private I feel strongly about being a part of life teachers. I was lucky, therefore, rather than separate from it. Maybe when I entered college to get an artists have to be like congress­ unusual woman for my first painting instructor. people-representatives of the needs, I obtained my BA in Art in feelings, and aspirations of a group 1953. My first piece that was of people. At least that's what I want feminist in content was done in Los to be- to speak of the longings and Angeles"in 1954.I sent it to my yearnings and aspirations of women. sister, also an artist. ~Judy Chicago I had done paintings in the late 40's and early 50's that were discussed as being based on sensual