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Historic Properties Treatment Plan for Mitigation of Historic Sites Within the Comstock Mining, LLC Right-Of-Way Permit, Storey County, Nevada

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Historic Properties Treatment Plan for Mitigation of Historic Sites Within the Comstock Mining, LLC Right-Of-Way Permit, Storey County, Nevada Historic Properties Treatment Plan for Mitigation of Historic Sites within the Comstock Mining, LLC Right-of-Way Permit, Storey County, Nevada Prepared by Jason Spidell, B.A. and Robert R. Kautz, Ph.D. BLM Report No. CRR3-2643.3 Submitted to: U.S. Bureau of Land Management Sierra Front Office DRAFT kautz ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS, INC. 1140 Financial Blvd., Suite 100 Reno, Nevada 89502 ph. (775) 829-4411 fax (775) 829-6161 Cover photo:The Justice Hoisting Works (1871-1876). Hearst Collection of Mining Views by Carleton E. Watkins. Frontpiece illustration, in lower right corner, is of a pecked and grooved saurian effigy head discovered in an Archaic site in the South Truckee Meadows, Nevada. Illustration by J.W. Oothoudt Historic Properties Treatment Plan for Mitigation of Historic Sites within the Comstock Mining, LLC Right-of-Way Permit, Storey County, Nevada BLM Report No. CRR3-2643.3 Prepared by: Jason Spidell, B.A. and Robert R. Kautz, Ph.D. Kautz Environmental Consultants, Inc. 1140 Financial Boulevard., Suite 100 Reno, Nevada 89502 Prepared for: Rachel Yelderman Comstock Mining Inc. P.O. Box 1118 Virginia City, Nevada 89440 Submitted to: Rachel Crews Archaeologist Sierra Front Field Offi ce Carson City District Bureau of Land Management 5665 Morgan Mill Road Carson City, Nevada 89701 DRAFTKEC Project 875 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW. 1 1.2 PROJECT EFFECT . 1 1.3 REPORT OUTLINE . 1 2.0 NATURAL SETTING . 3 2.1 GEOLOGY. 3 2.2 SOILS. 3 2.3 FLORA . 4 2.4 FAUNA. 4 3.0 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW . 5 3.1 PRE-COMSTOCK PROSPECTING (1849-1858) . 5 3.2 COMSTOCK BONANZA (1859-1879) . 7 3.2.1 Townsite Development . 9 3.2.2 Virginia City . 10 3.2.3 Gold Hill . 12 3.2.4 The Divide. 12 3.2.5 American Flat . 12 3.2.6 Silver City . 14 3.2.7 Mines . 15 3.2.8 Technology . 19 3.2.9 Transportation . 24 3.2.10 Railroads . 24 3.2.11 People of the Comstock . 25 3.2.12 Ethnicity . 29 3.2.13 Women and Children on the Comstock . 33 3.3 DEPRESSION AND DECLINE (1880-1900). 35 3.4 POST BOOM RENEWAL AND LIMITATION ORDER L-208 (1901-1945) . 35 3.4.1 The Dayton Consolidated . 38 3.4.2 The Silver Hill Mining Company and the Hartford Mine . 39 3.4.3 Consolidated Chollar Gould & Savage Mining Company . 39 3.4.4 The Arizona Comstock Corporation. 42 3.4.5 Limitation Order L-208 and World War II. 43 3.4.6 Post Limitation Order L-208. 43 3.5 TOURISM AND MODERN MINING (1946 TO DATE) . 44 3.6 SUMMARY . 44 4.0 HISTORIC RESEARCH THEMES . 47 4.1 MINING TECHNOLOGY . 47 4.2 TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION. 49 4.3 PEOPLE . 50 4.4 COMMUNITY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT. 51 5.0 RECOMMENDED TREATMENT PROTOCOLS . 53 5.1 GENERAL PROPOSED TREATMENT PROTOCOLS . 53 5.2 CONTRIBUTING ELEMENTS TO THE VIRGINIA CITY NATIONAL REGISTER HISTORIC DISTRICT . 54 5.2.1 Visual Eff ects: Rural Historic Landscape Treatment . 55 5.3 FIELD METHODS . 55 5.3.1 Surface Investigations . 55 i 5.3.2 Subsurface Investigations. 55 5.3.2.1 Hand Excavation Units . 55 5.3.3 Safety Protocol. 56 5.3.4 Collections Management . 56 5.3.5 Historic Laboratory Protocols and Analyses . 56 5.3.6 Historic Artifacts. 57 6.0 PROPOSED TREATMENT MEASURES . 65 6.1 SITES . 65 6.1.1 CrNV-03-1489/4371 /26St602 . 65 6.1.2 CrNV-03-4378 /26St609 . 69 6.1.3 CrNV-03-4408 /26St611 . 72 6.1.4 CrNV-03-8915 /26St628 . 75 7.0 CURATION AND PROJECT DELIVERABLES . 79 7.1 CURATORIAL RESPONSIBILITIES . 79 7.2 DELIVERABLES . 79 8.0 LITERATURE CITED. 81 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1 Gold Hill, Nevada. View from The Reservoir (c. 1871-1876). Hearst Collection of Mining Views by Carleton E. Watkins. The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. 13 Figure 3.2 Gold Hill, Nevada. View from The Reservoir 2012. 13 Figure 3.3 The Patio Process, Gould & Curry Mill. Lawrence & Houseworth 1866, available from the Li- brary of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. 20 Figure 3.4 A Two Stamp Mill at the Arizona Comstock, Virginia City. 21 Figure 3.5 California Pan Mill (c. 1871-1876). Hearst Collection of Mining Views by Carleton E. Watkins. The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. 22 Figure 3.6 Square Set Timber in the Chollar Mine, Virginia City. 22 Figure 3.7 The Virginia & Truckee Railroad in Gold Hill (reconstructed). 25 Figure 3.8 Power Shovel and 20 Ton Truck operating in the Overman (Con Chollar) Pit 1941 (Russell 1941). 41 Figure 3.9 The Con Chollar (Overman) Pit - USGS 1948 Air Photo: Flight Frame 1-120 GSHF. 42 Figure 3.10 Tons Produced Per year 1859-1959, compiled from Smith 1998.. 45 Figure 6.3 Removal of the Justice Hoisting Works Foundation Stones.. 68 ii LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Mines of the Comstock. 16 Table 3.2 Nativity of People Living on the Comstock in 1860 Including Virginia City and Gold Hill (James 1998a:35) . 26 Table 3.3 Ethnicities on the Comstock, 1870 (from James 1998a:95) . 27 Table.
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