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Oral Presentations Differences in in vitro sensitivity and accumulation of anthelmintics in Trichuris suis and Oesophagostomum dentatum Congress on Tropical Medicine and International Health and 5th Conference of the Scandinavian-Baltic Society for Parasitology sep. 10 2013 - sep. 13 2013 Danmark Hansen, Tina Vicky Alstrup; Nejsum, Peter; Friis, Christian; Olsen, Annette; Thamsborg, Stig Milan Publication date: 2013 Document version Early version, also known as pre-print Citation for published version (APA): Hansen, T. V. A., Nejsum, P., Friis, C., Olsen, A., & Thamsborg, S. M. (2013). Differences in in vitro sensitivity and accumulation of anthelmintics in Trichuris suis and Oesophagostomum dentatum: Congress on Tropical Medicine and International Health and 5th Conference of the Scandinavian-Baltic Society for Parasitology sep. 10 2013 - sep. 13 2013 Danmark. Abstract from Congress on Tropical Medicine and International Health and 5th Conference of the Scandinavian-Baltic Society for Parasitology, Denmark. Download date: 28. Sep. 2021 Tropical Medicine and International Health volume 18 suppl 1 pp 52–107 september 2013 Oral Presentations Track 1: Infectious Diseases 1.2 Control of Neglected Zoonotic Diseases using a One Health approach 1.1 Non malarial febrile illness: challenges Control of Neglected Zoonoses using a in epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment One Health approach O.1.1.001 O.1.2.001 Why do health workers give antimalarials to RDT-negative A narrative of the neglected zoonotic diseases through the patients? A qualitative study of factors affecting provider course of the World Health Assembly decision making at rural health facilities in Uganda H. Mableson1, K. Picozzi1 and S. Welburn1,2 R. Altaras1, A. Nuwa1, A. Bosco2, E. Streat1, J. K. Tibenderana1 and C. Strachan1 1Department of Pathway Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, 2 1Malaria Consortium, Kampala, Uganda; 2National Malaria Control UK; Integrated Control of Neglected Zoonoses [ICONZ (EC FP7)] Programme, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda Zoonotic diseases have been a priority of the World Health Orga- Introduction Large-scale use of malaria rapid diagnostic nisation (WHO) since its inception in 1948. The zoonotic diseases tests (RDTs) promises to improve fever case management and of interest in this study are the eight Neglected Zoonotic Diseases ensure the more rational use of antimalarials. However, evidence (NZDs) that are the focus of the Integrated Control of Neglect shows impact has been mixed. This study explored determinants Zoonoses (ICONZ) programme. Resolutions adopted at every of provider decision making to prescribe antimalarials following World Health Assembly (WHA) held between 1948 and 2012 a negative RDT result. have been analysed to determine advocacy for the control of these Methods A qualitative study was conducted in a rural district diseases. Through the course of the WHA, 387 resolutions have in western Uganda, 10 months after RDT introduction. To select been adopted that concern infectious diseases; of these only 20 health facilities for study, prescriptions for all patients with resolutions directly concern the NZDs. Following the initial negative RDT results were audited from outpatient registers for importance awarded to these diseases in the early stages of the a 2-month period at all facilities using RDTs (n = 30). Facilities WHO an historic analysis of the resolutions adopted for the were ranked by overall prescribing performance, defined as the NZDs shows how the level of advocacy in the global health com- proportion of patients with a negative result prescribed any munity has reduced over the six decades of the WHO’s existence. antimalarial. ‘Positive and negative deviant’ facilities were The nature of these diseases, such that they affect both human selected; positive deviants (n = 5) were defined as <0.5% and and animal health require inter-sectorial collaboration and negative deviants (n = 7) as >5%. Fifty-five fever cases were renewed efforts to combat these diseases and reduce the neglect observed at the 12 facilities; all patients were interviewed. that is being seen in the advocacy for these diseases. The neglect Twenty-two providers were interviewed. Analysis followed the of these diseases is particularly evident when the resolutions for framework approach. brucellosis and rabies are examined; these diseases were both pri- Results Eight thousand three hundred and sixty-eight RDT- ority subjects of the WHO in its first decade, yet there have not negative patients were identified at the 30 facilities (prescription been any specific resolutions for these diseases since this time. audit); 330 (3.9%) were prescribed an antimalarial. Of the 55 observed patients, 38 tested negative; one of these was prescribed an anti-malarial. Treatment decision making was 1.4 Neglected Tropical Diseases influenced by providers’ clinical knowledge and beliefs, capacity 1.4.2 Dengue constraints, and interaction with the patient. Although providers believed in the accuracy of RDTs, a limited understanding of O.1.4.2.001 how the RDT works appeared to affect management of patients Innovative dengue prevention and control using who already took artemisinin-based combination therapy. permethrin-impregnated school uniforms: a mixed methods Patient assessment and other diagnostic practices were limited; study on acceptability providers lacked means for identifying alternative causes of N. Murray1, V. Louis1, A. Wilder-Smith2, S. Jansarikij3, P. Olanratmanee3, fever. Provider perceptions of patient acceptance sometimes P. Maskhao4 and P. Kittayapong3 influenced treatment decisions. 1Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Conclusions We found overall high provider adherence to Germany; 2Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, test results, but that providers believed in clinical exceptions and Epidemiology and Global Health, Umea University, Umea, Sweden; sometimes felt they lacked alternatives. Clear communication on 3Faculty of Science, Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector-Borne test functioning and better methods for assisting diagnostic Diseases, Mahidol University at Salaya, NakhonPathom, Thailand; 4 decision making are needed. Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Rajabhat Rajanagarindra University, Chachoengsao, Thailand There is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment available for dengue currently. Control of the disease therefore focuses on effective vector control methods, which are limited. A novel and community-based approach is being investigated by the Dengue- Tools collaboration (www.denguetools.net) through a random- ized controlled trial (RCT) assessing whether permethrin-impreg- nated school uniforms (ISUs) can reduce dengue incidence in 52 © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 18 (Suppl. 1), 52–107 Tropical Medicine and International Health volume 18 suppl 1 pp 52–107 september 2013 Abstracts of the 8th ECTMIH and 5th CSBSP Chachoengsao Province, Thailand. This study provides a preli- O.1.4.2.003 minary assessment of the acceptability of ISUs from the perspec- The global spread of dengue virus serotypes: 1960–2012 tive of parents, school teachers and principals involved in the J. Messina1, O. Brady1,2, S. Bhatt1, C. Zhou1, D. Pigott1, L. Katzelnick3 and RCT. A triangulatory mixed methodological study was con- S. Hay1 ducted. Class clustered randomised samples of students from 1Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; 2Oxitec four schools enrolled in the RCT were selected and their parents Limited, Oxford, UK; 3University of Cambridge, UK completed 321 self-administered questionnaires. Descriptive sta- tistics and logistic regression were used for analysis of quantita- This review summarises the global spatial distribution of tive data. Focus group discussions and individual semi-structured reported confirmed instances of each of the four dengue sero- interviews were conducted with parents, teachers, and principals. types since 1960. Qualitative data analysis involved content analysis with coding Methods We have compiled the most extensive data set to-date and thematic development. Knowledge and experience of dengue by extracting information from published literature and case was extensive in study participants. Acceptability of ISUs was reports across a 53-year period. This resulted in a total of 2024 high. However, some participants indicated preference for await- occurrences being mapped across the entire study period for ing trial results to determine acceptability. 87.3% (95% CI DENV1, 1991 for DENV2, 1622 for DENV3, and 969 for 82.9–90.8) of parents would allow their child to wear an ISU if DENV4. We describe the global spread of each serotype and the provided for free. Some initial concerns regarding allergies to diversity of all four based upon sequential mapping through time. ISUs were ameliorated by experience with pre-trial permethrin Results Each serotype spread from its focus in Asia in the treated wrist-bands. 59.9% (95% CI 53.7–65.9) of parents 1960s to Africa and the Americas by the 1970s. The next two would incur additional costs for an ISU over a normal uniform. decades witnessed increases in the extents of all serotypes This was significantly associated with total monthly income of globally, although with poor documentation in Africa. Few areas household and education level of respondent. Many thought had reported of all four serotypes until the 2000s, when Latin ability to pay should be considered or ISUs should be provided America and Asia saw dramatic increases
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