DOCSLIB.ORG

Nuclear Security Governance in India: Institutions, Instruments, and Culture (2019)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nuclear Security Governance in India: Institutions, Instruments, and Culture (2019) SANDIA REPORT SAND2020-10916 Printed October 2020 Nuclear Security Governance in India: Institutions, Instruments, and Culture (2019) Sitakanta Mishra (Associate Professor, School of Liberal Studies, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gujarat, India) Happymon Jacob (Associate Professor, School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India) Visiting Research Scholars Cooperative Monitoring Center Sandia National Laboratories P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-MS1373 Prepared by Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 and Livermore, California 94550 Issued by Sandia National Laboratories, operated for the United States Department of Energy by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC. NOTICE: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government, nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represent that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government, any agency thereof, or any of their contractors or subcontractors. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government, any agency thereof, or any of their contractors. Printed in the United States of America. This report has been reproduced directly from the best available copy. Available to DOE and DOE contractors from U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831 Telephone: (865) 576-8401 Facsimile: (865) 576-5728 E-Mail: [email protected] Online ordering: http://www.osti.gov/scitech Available to the public from U.S. Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5301 Shawnee Rd Alexandria, VA 22312 Telephone: (800) 553-6847 Facsimile: (703) 605-6900 E-Mail: [email protected] Online order: https://classic.ntis.gov/help/order-methods/ 2 ABSTRACT There is an emerging consciousness in India of the importance of nuclear security and safety. Motivated by a combination of rapid growth in its civil nuclear sector, heightened scrutiny of recent nuclear accidents around the world, and the deteriorating regional security environment, India has pushed to adopt measures to strengthen and enhance its nuclear security and safety governance structures. India recognizes that the various recent global nuclear security initiatives are in its own best interest and has been an enthusiastic participant in the Nuclear Security Summit process. Today, India demonstrates a greater willingness to showcase its nuclear security arrangements before the public and has undertaken many institutional, legal, and operational reforms to maintain international regime compliance. This study takes a comprehensive look at India’s approach to nuclear security and critically examines the physical security measures the country has put in place. Particular focus is placed on the evolution and strengths, as well as weaknesses, of the country’s nuclear security institutions, instruments, practices, and culture. Given that the strengthening of India’s nuclear security governance is an ongoing endeavor, the paper also puts forward a number of policy recommendations. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the process of conducting this study, we have accumulated a series of intellectual and professional debts. At the outset, we wish to thank Adriane Littlefield and Amir Mohagheghi, Managers of the Cooperative Monitoring Center, Sandia National Laboratories, for providing us with a truly enabling and encouraging atmosphere in which to carry out this research. We are particularly grateful to Adam David Williams and Adriane Littlefield for their consistent support, guidance, and inspiration which helped us to formulate and streamline our arguments and findings. We are also thankful for the generous feedback and advice extended by Thomas Ciccateri, David Betsill, Eric Wallace, and Shannon Abbott. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position of their respective institutions or Sandia National Laboratories. 4 CONTENTS 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 13 2. India and the Global Nuclear Order ...................................................................................................... 17 2.1. India’s Integration with the Global Nuclear Order ................................................................... 17 2.2. India and the International Export Control Regime ................................................................. 18 3. State of India’s Nuclear Program ............................................................................................................ 21 3.1. The Three-Stage Program.............................................................................................................. 24 3.2. Use of Radiological Material ......................................................................................................... 25 3.3. The Strategic Program .................................................................................................................... 27 4. Nuclear Security Governance in India ................................................................................................... 29 4.1. Institutions: Roles and Responsibilities ....................................................................................... 31 4.2. Legal and Regulatory Framework ................................................................................................. 32 4.2.1. Regulatory Framework Concerns ................................................................................... 35 4.2.2. The Nuclear Safety Regulatory Authority Bill .............................................................. 37 4.3. India and the Global Nuclear Security Regime .......................................................................... 38 4.3.1. Global Centre for Nuclear Energy Partnership ............................................................ 40 4.3.2. Nuclear Security Summits and India’s Commitment ................................................... 41 4.4. The Physical Protection System .................................................................................................... 42 4.4.1. Inbuilt Security ................................................................................................................... 45 4.4.2. Physical Protection ............................................................................................................ 46 4.4.3. Personnel Reliability .......................................................................................................... 50 4.4.4. Material Protection Control and Accounting ................................................................ 52 4.4.5. Transportation Security .................................................................................................... 52 4.4.6. Air and Water Front Defense .......................................................................................... 54 4.4.7. Security of Radiological Materials ................................................................................... 54 4.4.8. Information and Cyber Security ...................................................................................... 58 4.4.9. Nuclear Forensics .............................................................................................................. 61 4.4.10. Security of Strategic Assets .............................................................................................. 61 4.5. Lessons Learned .............................................................................................................................. 62 4.5.1. Lessons Learned from Mayapuri Incident 2010 ........................................................... 63 4.5.2. Public Acceptance of Nuclear Projects .......................................................................... 64 5. NUCLEAR SECURITY CULTURE IN INDIA: AN EVALUATION ........................................ 66 5.1. Absence of an Overarching Security Apparatus ........................................................................ 67 5.2. Regulatory Autonomy .................................................................................................................... 67 5.3. Program Confusions ....................................................................................................................... 68 5.4. Conceptual Tensions ...................................................................................................................... 68 5.5. An Introspection ............................................................................................................................. 68 6. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ENHANCING NUCLEAR SECURITY GOVERNANCE, INSTITUTIONS, INSTRUMENTS, AND CULTURE ..................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Iter: Os Caminhos Da Energia De Fusão E O Brasil (2015)
    ITER Os caminhos da energia de fusão e o Brasil MINISTÉRIO DAS RELAÇÕES EXTERIORES Ministro de Estado Embaixador Mauro Luiz Iecker Vieira Secretário -Geral Embaixador Sérgio França Danese FUNDAÇÃO ALEXANDRE DE GUSMÃO Presidente Embaixador Sérgio Eduardo Moreira Lima Instituto de Pesquisa de Relações Internacionais Diretor Embaixador José Humberto de Brito Cruz Centro de História e Documentação Diplomática Diretor Embaixador Maurício E. Cortes Costa Conselho Editorial da Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão Presidente Embaixador Sérgio Eduardo Moreira Lima Membros Embaixador Ronaldo Mota Sardenberg Embaixador Jorio Dauster Magalhães e Silva Embaixador Gonçalo de Barros Carvalho e Mello Mourão Embaixador José Humberto de Brito Cruz Embaixador Julio Glinternick Bitelli Ministro Luís Felipe Silvério Fortuna Professor Francisco Fernando Monteoliva Doratioto Professor José Flávio Sombra Saraiva Professor Eiiti Sato A Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão, instituída em 1971, é uma fundação pública vinculada ao Ministério das Relações Exteriores e tem a finalidade de levar à sociedade civil informações sobre a realidade internacional e sobre aspectos da pauta diplomática brasileira. Sua missão é promover a sensibilização da opinião pública nacional para os temas de relações internacionais e para a política externa brasileira. Augusto Pestana ITER Os caminhos da energia de fusão e o Brasil Brasília, 2015 Direitos de publicação reservados à Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão Ministério das Relações Exteriores Esplanada dos Ministérios, Bloco H Anexo II, Térreo 70170 ‑900 Brasília–DF Telefones:(61) 2030 ‑6033/6034 Fax:(61) 2030 ‑9125 Site: www.funag.gov.br E ‑mail: [email protected] Equipe Técnica: Eliane Miranda Paiva Fernanda Antunes Siqueira Gabriela Del Rio de Rezende Luiz Antônio Gusmão André Luiz Ventura Ferreira Projeto Gráfico e Capa: Yanderson Rodrigues Programação Visual e Diagramação: Gráfica e Editora Ideal Impresso no Brasil 2015 P476 Pestana, Augusto.
    [Show full text]
  • IISER Pune Annual Report 2015-16 Chairperson Pune, India Prof
    dm{f©H$ à{VdoXZ Annual Report 2015-16 ¼ããäÌãÓ¾ã ãä¶ã¹ã¥ã †Ìãâ Êãà¾ã „ÞÞã¦ã½ã ½ãÖ¦Ìã ‡ãŠñ †‡ãŠ †ñÔãñ Ìãõ—ãããä¶ã‡ãŠ ÔãâÔ©ãã¶ã ‡ãŠãè Ô©ãã¹ã¶ãã ãä•ãÔã½ãò ‚㦾ãã£ãìãä¶ã‡ãŠ ‚ã¶ãìÔãâ£ãã¶ã Ôããä֦㠂㣾ãã¹ã¶ã †Ìãâ ãäÍãàã¥ã ‡ãŠã ¹ãî¥ãùã Ôãñ †‡ãŠãè‡ãŠÀ¥ã Öãñý ãä•ã—ããÔãã ¦ã©ãã ÀÞã¶ã㦽ã‡ãŠ¦ãã Ôãñ ¾ãì§ãŠ ÔãÌããó§ã½ã Ôã½ãã‡ãŠÊã¶ã㦽ã‡ãŠ ‚㣾ãã¹ã¶ã ‡ãñŠ ½ã㣾ã½ã Ôãñ ½ããõãäÊã‡ãŠ ãäÌã—ãã¶ã ‡ãŠãñ ÀãñÞã‡ãŠ ºã¶ãã¶ããý ÊãÞããèÊãñ †Ìãâ Ôããè½ããÀãäÖ¦ã / ‚ãÔããè½ã ¹ã㟿ã‰ãŠ½ã ¦ã©ãã ‚ã¶ãìÔãâ£ãã¶ã ¹ããäÀ¾ããñ•ã¶ãã‚ããò ‡ãñŠ ½ã㣾ã½ã Ôãñ œãñ›ãè ‚ãã¾ãì ½ãò Öãè ‚ã¶ãìÔãâ£ãã¶ã àãñ¨ã ½ãò ¹ãÆÌãñÍãý Vision & Mission Establish scientific institution of the highest caliber where teaching and education are totally integrated with state-of-the- art research Make learning of basic sciences exciting through excellent integrative teaching driven by curiosity and creativity Entry into research at an early age through a flexible borderless curriculum and research projects Annual Report 2015-16 Governance Correct Citation Board of Governors IISER Pune Annual Report 2015-16 Chairperson Pune, India Prof. T.V. Ramakrishnan (till 03/12/2015) Emeritus Professor of Physics, DAE Homi Bhabha Professor, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru Published by Dr. K. Venkataramanan (from 04/12/2015) Director and President (Engineering and Construction Projects), Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Energy Effificiency Workshop
    Second Annual Asia-Pacific Dialogue on Clean Energy Governance, Policy, and Regulation Second Annual Asia-Pacifi c Dialogue Energy Efficiency Workshop Under the auspices of the Second Annual Asia-Pacific Dialogue on Clean Energy Governance, on Clean Energy Governance, Policy, and Regulation, the Energy Efficiency Workshop was held on 20–21 June 2011 at the Asian Development Bank. The workshop—whose proceedings are documented in this publication prepared under the Law and Policy Reform Program of the Office of the Policy and Regulation General Counsel—focused on addressing the slow uptake of energy efficiency solutions by identifying the political, governance, and financial constraints in implementing energy efficiency solutions, and considering innovative policy, regulatory, and financial remedies for overcoming these constraints. Energy Effi ciency Workshop About the Asian Development Bank ADB’s vision is an Asia and Pacific region free of poverty. Its mission is to help its developing member countries reduce poverty and improve the quality of life of their people. Despite the region’s many successes, it remains home to two-thirds of the world’s poor: 1.8 billion people who live on less than $2 a day, with 903 million struggling on less than $1.25 a day. ADB is committed to reducing poverty through inclusive economic growth, environmentally sustainable growth, and regional integration. Based in Manila, ADB is owned by 67 members, including 48 from the region. Its main instruments for helping its developing member countries are policy dialogue,
    [Show full text]
  • Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi
    Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi The Annual Quality Assurance Report (AQAR) of the Internal Quality Assurance Cell (IQAC) st th (1 July 2016 to 30 June 2017) 14995_AQAR_2016-2017_Jawaharlal Nehru University_New Delhi Page 1 of 140 All NAAC accredited institutions will submit an annual self-reviewed progress report to NAAC, through its IQAC. The report is to detail the tangible results achieved in key areas, specifically identified by the institutional IQAC at the beginning of the academic year. The AQAR will detail the results of the perspective plan worked out by the IQAC. (Note: The AQAR period would be the Academic Year. For example, July 1, 2012 to June 30, 2013) Part – A AQAR for the year July 2016 – June 2017 1. Details of the Institution 1.1 Name of the Institution Jawaharlal Nehru University 1.2 Address Line 1 Administrative Building Address Line 2 New Mehrauli Road City/Town New Delhi State Delhi Pin Code 110067 Institution e-mail address [email protected] Contact Nos. 011-26704090 Name of the Head of the Institution: Prof. M. Jagadesh Kumar Vice Chancellor Tel. No. with STD Code: 011-26704001 Mobile: - 14995_AQAR_2016-2017_Jawaharlal Nehru University_New Delhi Page 2 of 140 Name of the IQAC Co-ordinator: Prof. Atul Kumar Johri Director (IQAC) Mobile: - [email protected] IQAC e-mail address: 1.3 NAAC Track ID (For ex. MHCOGN 18879) 14995 1.4 NAAC Executive Committee No. & Date: 05.07.2012 (For Example EC/32/A&A/143 dated 3-5-2004. This EC no. is available in the right corner- bottom of your institution’s Accreditation Certificate) 1.5 Website address: jnu.ac.in Web-link of the AQAR: https://jnu.ac.in/iqac_reports For ex.
    [Show full text]
  • IEPF1 Folios Are Mrked As Match Ed Otherwise Unmatched)
    INDIA CARBON LIMITED Common unpaid Folios from year 2010 to 2012 (IEPF1 folios are mrked as Match ed otherwise Unmatched) SHARES SHARES_c YR_20 YR_2 YR_201 REMARKS FOLIO_NO _2009 urrent NAME 10 011 2 ADD1 ADD2 ADD3 ADD4 PIN 12034500000 HOWRAH 15146 12 12 TARA PADA DUTTA 18 18 18 Matched VILL-RAMESHWAR PVR P.O.MUNSHI GHAT WEST BENGAL 711410 A000008 83 83 GOKALDAS SHIVALDAS AHUJA 124.5 125 124.5 Matched 8/3 SANDHURST HOUSE 33 MEREWEATHER ROAD MUMBAI 400001 A000013 100 100 SHANTI RAMCHAND AHUJA 150 150 150 Matched FLAT NO 35 4TH FLOOR D ROAD 61 MARINE DRIVE TULSI NIVAS MUMBAI 400001 A000020 44 44 NAYAN ACHARYA 66 66 66 Matched 288 RASH BEHARI AVENUE KOLKATA 700019 A000112 30 30 SURBALA SANMUKHLAL ADHIKARI 45 45 45 Matched B/53 PANNALAL TERRACE GRANT ROAD MUMBAI 400007 A000116 171 171 AHAMED MOHAMED AFINIA 256.5 257 256.5 Matched 12/13 GOPAL CHETTY LANE CHENNAI 600001 A000195 20 20 RATILAL DEVCHAND ADATIA 30 30 30 Matched 'SHYAMAKUNJ' LASHKARI ROAD TITHAL GUJARAT 396006 A000203 20 20 SHIBLAL AGGARWAL 30 30 30 Matched C/O PARMANAND PURSHOTTAMDAS ROTHAK MANDI HARYANA 144000 A000204 48 48 M P AGGARWAL 72 72 72 Matched C/O BARREL SUPPLY CO 72 ASHOKA PARK MAIN ROHTAK ROAD DELHI 110035 A000220 30 30 ATMA RAM ARYA 45 45 45 Matched C/O AIR CARRYING CORPORATION 134/4 MAHATMA GANDHI ROADKOLKATA 700007 A000226 20 20 GOPAL RAMCHANDRA ACHARYA 30 30 30 Matched SUKH ANIWAS STATION ROAD MERAJ 400000 A000240 20 20 NAND LAL AGGARWAL 30 30 30 Matched C/O JAI BHARAT TRADING CO NAYA BAZAR DELHI 6 110000 A000285 64 64 SHAILENDRA KUMAR AGRAWAL 96 96 96 Matched C/O
    [Show full text]
  • India's Stocks of Civil and Military Plutonium and Highly Enriched Uranium, End 2014
    PlutoniumPlutonium andand HighlyHighly EnrichedEnriched UraniumUranium 20152015 INSTITUTEINSTITUTE FOR FOR SCIENCE SCIENCE AND AND INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL SECURITY SECURITY India’s Stocks of Civil and Military Plutonium and Highly Enriched Uranium, End 20141 By David Albright and Serena Kelleher-Vergantini November 2, 2015 1 This report is part of a series on national and global stocks of nuclear explosive materials in both civil and military nuclear programs. This work was generously funded by a grant from the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI). This work builds on earlier work done at ISIS by one of the authors. 440 First Street NW, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20001 TEL 202.547.3633 Twitter @TheGoodISIS E-MAIL [email protected] • www.isis-online.org Contents Summary .............................................................................................................................................. 2 1. India’s Civil Plutonium Stockpile .................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Civil Plutonium Production ........................................................................................................ 3 1.2 Plutonium Separation ................................................................................................................. 5 1.2.1 India’s Fast Breeder Reactors .............................................................................................. 6 1.3 Unirradiated Plutonium Inventory .............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • EPORT 2017 -18 of TATA MEMORIAL CENTRE (A Grant-In-Aid Institute of the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India)
    ANNUAL REPORT 2017 -18 of TATA MEMORIAL CENTRE (A Grant-in-Aid Institute of the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India) Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai. Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai. Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Navi Mumbai. Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Visakhapatnam. Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital, Sangrur. Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Mohali. Dr. Bhubaneswar Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati. Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital, Varanasi. Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya Cancer Centre, Varanasi. Tata Memorial Centre Mission and Vision of the Tata Memorial Centre Mission The Tata Memorial Centre’s mission is to provide comprehensive cancer care to one and all, through its motto of excellence in service, education and research. Vision As the premier cancer centre in the country, we will provide leadership in guiding the national policy and strategy for cancer care by: Promoting outstanding services through evidence based practice of oncology Commitment of imparting education in cancer to students, trainees, professionals, employees and the public and, Emphasis on research that is affordable, innovative and relevant to the needs of the country. Tata Memorial Centre, Annual Report 2017 - 2018 Contents Tata Memorial Centre (TMC) Governing Council ...................................................................................... 9 Messages Director TMC ..............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Freedom of the Press
    India freedomhouse.org /report/freedom-press/2014/india Freedom of the Press While India’s vibrant media remained the freest in South Asia in 2013, press freedom in the country was threatened by several factors, including interference by media owners in editorial content in the run-up to the 2014 national elections, and an expansion of censorship and surveillance of digital platforms. An increase in journalist killings, continuing legal actions against journalists, and the temporary suspension of all television, print, and internet services in Kashmir were also issues of concern during the year. Although the constitution guarantees the freedoms of speech and expression, legal protections are not always sufficiently upheld by the courts or respected by government officials. A number of laws that remain on the books can be used to restrict media freedom. The sedition law, formally Section 124A of the 1860 penal code, outlaws expression that can cause “hatred or contempt, or excites or attempts to excite disaffection” toward the government. The 1923 Official Secrets Act provides authorities with the right to censor security-related articles and prosecute members of the press. State and national authorities, along with the courts, have also punished sensitive reporting by using other security laws, criminal defamation legislation, bans on blasphemy and hate speech, and contempt-of-court charges. Journalists Lingaram Kodopi and Sudhir Dhawale were separately charged and jailed under the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA) and the sedition law due to allegations that they were supporting the Maoist insurgency. Kodopi was released on bail in November 2013 after more than two years in prison, while Dhawale, arrested in 2011, remained in custody at year’s end.
    [Show full text]
  • India's New Government and Implications for U.S. Interests
    India’s New Government and Implications for U.S. Interests K. Alan Kronstadt Specialist in South Asian Affairs August 7, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43679 India’s New Government and Implications for U.S. Interests Summary The United States and India have been pursuing a “strategic partnership” since 2004, and a 5th Strategic Dialogue session was held in New Delhi in late July 2014. A May 2014 national election seated a new Indian government led by the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and new Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Top U.S. officials express eagerness to engage India’s new leadership and re-energize what some see as a relationship flagging in recent years. High hopes for the engagement have become moderated as expectations held in both capitals remain unmet, in part due to a global economic downturn that has dampened commercial activity. Yet the two countries, estranged through the Cold War period, have now routinized cooperative efforts through myriad working groups on an array of bilateral and global issues. Prime Minister Modi is known as an able administrator, having overseen impressive economic development in 15 years as chief minister of India’s Gujarat state. But he also is a controversial figure for his Hindu nationalist views and for communal rioting that killed up to 2,000 people, most of them Muslims, in Gujarat in 2002. His BJP made history by becoming the first party to win an outright parliamentary majority in 30 years, meaning India’s federal government is no longer constrained by the vagaries of coalition politics.
    [Show full text]
  • COMMUNICATOR the Journal of Indian Institute of Mass Communication Volume LIII, Number-4, October-December, 2018 ISSN: 0588-8093 Message from Editor-In-Chief
    COMMUNICATOR The Journal of Indian Institute of Mass Communication Volume LIII, Number-4, October-December, 2018 ISSN: 0588-8093 Message From Editor-in-Chief At the outset, I wish to express my gratitude to all the academicians and scholars who participated and presented papers at the National Seminar on “The State of Indian Language Journalism and Training” organised by IIMC with support from Indian Council of Social Sciences and Research (ICSSR) on October, 29 and 30, 2018 at IIMC Campus. K. G. Suresh The conference was organised to Editor-in-Chief commemorate the silver jubilee of Director General, IIMC our Eastern Regional Campus at Dhenkanal, Odisha from where we started our first language journalism programme in Odia. In the last three years, we have given a major push to language journalism launching a Malayalam Journalism programme at our Kottayam, Kerala campus and Marathi Journalism programme at Amravati, Maharashtra campus. This apart, we have upgraded the Certificate programme in Urdu Journalism to a full fledged Diploma programme. We have even started a three months Advanced Certificate Programme in Sanskrit Journalism in collaboration with the Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeeth besides setting up the Department of Indian Language Journalism. Future plans include starting Hindi and Urdu Journalism programmes from our Jammu campus and Bangla from our Odisha campus. Apart from the papers presented at the conference, many eminent academicians have also contributed to this volume. I am confident that this special issue on the state of Indian language journalism and training would be a collector’s issue for both students and scholars as also media persons across the country and would help them in better understanding of the issues at stake and take requisite steps to improve the quality and standard of both language journalism and training at a time when language journalism is growing by leaps and bounds.
    [Show full text]
  • THE GROWING WORLD of RENEWABLE ENERGY Abdullah Bin Hamad Al-Attiyah International Foundation for Energy & Sustainable Development
    2019 / 2020 THE GROWING WORLD OF RENEWABLE ENERGY Abdullah Bin Hamad Al-Attiyah International Foundation for Energy & Sustainable Development TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Chapter 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................................. 11 Chapter 2. Different types of energy sources ................................................................................................................................... 15 2.1 Non-renewable energy sources (NRES) ...................................................................................................................... 18 2.2 Renewable energy sources ............................................................................................................................................. 21 2.2.1 Combustible renewables ....................................................................................................................................... 22 2.2.2 Non-combustible renewables ............................................................................................................................. 25 2.3 Secondary sources of energy ........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Justin Trudeau John Kirton, Copyright November 27, 2017
    Lecture 12 Enthusiastic, Expansive Engagement under Justin Trudeau John Kirton, Copyright November 27, 2017 Introduction Debate: The Five competing Schools Puzzles: Thesis: Enthusiastic, Expansive Engagement Doctrine Campaign Platform Campaign Promises Throne Speech 1 Freeland’s Foreign Policy Speech, June 6, 2017 Defence Policy Document, June 2017 International Development Policy Statement, June 2017 Distribution of Resources Summit Diplomacy Budgets Military Instruments Trade Agreements Decisions 1. Ending Attacks on ISIS, October 20, 2015 2. Accepting Syrian Refugees, October 20, 2015 3. Controlling Climate Change, October 20, 2015- 4. Supporting G20 Stimulus, November 2015- 5. Selling Saudis Arms, January 4, 2016 6. Seeking a Security Council Seat, February 11, 2016 7. Reinforcing NATO, June 30, 2016 8. Accommodating China (FTA, AIIB), August 2016 9. Ratifying CETA, October 30, 2016 10. Buying 18 Super Hornets, November 22, 2016 11. Renegotiating NAFTA 12. Joining the CPTPP-11, November 2017 13. Pursuing Peacekeeping, November 2017 14. G7 Summitry for Charlevoix 2017 Lecture 12: Enthusiastic, Expansive Engagement under Justin Trudeau Introduction On October 19, 2015, Canadians elected a majority government headed by a new prime minister, Justin Trudeau, leader of the formerly third-place parliamentary Liberal Party. Soon after being sworn in on November 4, Trudeau proclaimed “we’re back on the world stage.” He then flew to the long-scheduled Group of 20 (G20) Summit in Antalya, Turkey, held on November 15–16. His words and deeds suggested that a new era of Canadian international engagement had begun. The Debate The directions and determinants of Trudeau’s foreign policy soon inspired a debate among five distinct schools of thought.
    [Show full text]