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Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service V.55 CHAPTER XII ECHINODERMS 259534 0-54-25 Blank page retained for pagination ECHINODERMS (OTHER THAN HOLOTHURIANS) OF THE GULF OF MEXICO By AUSTIN H. CLARK, U. S. National Museum The first definite record of an echinoderm from of Marine Biology of the Carnegie Institution of the Gulf of Mexico was published in 1758 when Washington. Waldo L. Schmitt also collected Albertus Seba described and figured Stella marina much interesting material in the same region. Polyactis seu Luna marina (Nemaster grandis) It is most gratifying to be able to say that all from New Spain, presumably the eastern coast of the echinoderms from these collections, both gov­ Mexico. From time to time scattered notices of ernmental and private, have been studied and other species appeared, mostly from Mexico. reports on them published. Furthermore, the In 1867 investigation of the sea bottom in deep material has been collected in comprehensive \Vater was undertaken by the United States Coast monographs by Mortensen (Echinoidea), H. L. Survey in the steamer Corwin under the direction Clark (Ophiuroidea), Doderlein (Euryalidae and of Count L. F. de Pourtales. Four dredge hauls Gorgonoce.phalidae), and A. H. Clark (Crinoidea), \Vere made in from 96 to 350 fathoms off the so that the relationships of the various species to Florida Keys and northern Cuba. In 1869 the others in different parts of the world may be D. S. C. S. S. Bibb made a number of deep hauls readily appreciated. about the Florida Keys' and off northern Cuba. But it is evident that by far the greatest part In 1872 the Bibb dredged in from 17 to 1,164 of our knowledge of the echinoderms of the Gulf of fathoms in the Yucatan Channel and on the Mexico is confined to those species in the extreme ! Ucatan Bank, with a few hauls among the Flor­ southeast, about the Florida Keys and along the lda Keys, and in the same year the Blake made northern coast of Cuba. The remainder of the lll.any dredge hauls about the Keys and off the Gulf is large.ly a blank, and this is especially true \Vest coast of Florida. of the zone between the shore line and 150 fathoms In 1877-78 the Blake, under the direction of where undoubtedly many additional species re­ Alexander Agassiz, continued work about the main to be discovered. Even among the Florida Florida Keys, north of Havana, and on and about Keys, the most thoroughly worked of any com­ the Yucatan Bank, with a few hauls off the mouth parable warm water area, there is still much to be \)! the Mississippi. In 1880 the Blake made a found as is evident from the recent discovery of !!lll.gle dredge haul east of Cape Catoche, Yucatan. such conspicuous shallow water species as Astro­ In 1884, 1885, and lR86 the U. S. Fish Com­ pyga magnifica, Copidaster lymani, Ophidiaster ~ission steamer Albatross took a number of dredge bayeri, and Schizostella bifurcata . saUls off Havana and in the Gulf of Mexico. ;bsequently, the Bureau of Fisheries ships Fish CRINOIDEA awk and Grampus worked along the west coast Family COMASTERIDAE \)f Florida. 1'he Bahama Expedition of the State University Nemaster grandis A. H. Clark. ~f N emaster iowensis (Springer). Iowa made a few dredge hauls off Havana in N emaster rubiginosa (Pourtales). ~93, and in 1938 and 1939 the Atlantis of the Nemaster discoidea (P. H. Carpenter). oods Hole Oceanographic Institution made an N eocomatella pulchella (Pourtales). 1lJ.tensive survey of the deeper waters about Cuba. N eocomatella alata (Pourtales). John B. Henderson, in his yacht Eolis, dredged Leptonemaster venustus A. H. Clark. ~)(tensively Comatonia cristata (Hartlaub). about the Florida Keys and on the Comactinia echinoptera (J. Muller). tn°urtales Plateau, and Hubert Lyman Clark l'ade intensive studies of the littoral species at Family COLOBOMETRIDAE Ortugas under the auspices of the Department A nalcidometra armata (Pourtales). 373 374 FISHERY BULLETIN OF THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE Family THALASSOMETRIDAE Stereocidaris ingolfiana Mortensen. Stylometra spinifera (P. H. Carpenter). Cidaris abyssicola (A. Agassiz). Horaeometra duplex (P. H. Carpenter). Cidaris rugosa (H. L. Clark). Cidaris blakei (A. Agassiz). Family CHARITOMETRIDAE Calocidaris micans (Mortensen). Crinometra brevipinna (Pourtales). Stylocidaris affinis (Philippi). Crinometra brevipinna var. insculpta A. H. Clark. Eucidaris tribuloides (Lamarck). Crinometra brevipinna var. cO{lcinna A. H. Clark. Family ECHINOTHURIDAE Crinometra brellipinna var. ma,,:garitacea A. H. Clark. Crinometra brevipinna var. diadema (Hartlaub). Phormosoma placenta Wyville Thomson. Crinometra brevipinna var. brevfpinna (Pourtales). Hygrosoma petersii (A. Agassiz). Crinometra brevipinna var. gemmata A. H. Clark. Araeosoma fenestratum (Wyville Thomson). Crinometra brevipinna var. granulosa (Hartlaub). Araeosoma belli Mortensen.2 Crinometra brevipinna var. granulifera (Pourtales). Crinometra brellipinna var. pulchra A. H. Clark. Family SALENIIDAE Salenocidaris varispina A. Agassiz. Family ANTEDONIDAE Salenia goesiana Loven. Compsometra nuttingi A. H. Clark. Coccometra hagenii (Pourtales). Family ARBACIDAE Coccometra nigrolineata A. H. Clark. Habrocidaris scutata (A. Agassiz). Coccometra guttata A. H. Clark. Podocidaris sculpta (A. Agassiz). Hypalometra defecta (P. H. Carpenter). A rbacia punctulata (Lamarck). Zenometra columnaris (P. H. Carpenter). Coelopleurus floridanus A. Agassiz. Caryometra monilicirra A. H. Clark. Caryometra atlantidis A. H. Clark. Family ASPIDODIADEMATIDAE Caryometra tenuipes (A. H. Clark). Plesiodiadema microtuberculatum (A. Agassiz). Caryometra spinosa A. H. Clark. Plesiodiadema antillarum (A. Agassiz). Caryometra lisa A. H. Clark. Aspidodiadema jacobyi A. Agassiz. Caryometra alope A. H. Clark. Trichometra cubensis (Pourtales). Family DIADEMATIDAE Family ATELECRINIDAE Astropyga magnifica A. H. Clark. Diadema antillarum (Philippi). Atelecrinus balanoides P. H. Carpenter. Centrostephanus rubricingulus H. L. Clark. Family ISOCRINIDAE Family TEMNOPLEURIDAE Cenocrinus asteria (Linne). Tn'yonocidaris albida A. Agassiz. Neocrinus decorus Wyville Thomson. Genocidaris maculata A. Agassiz. N eocrinus blakei (P. H. Carpenter). Endoxocrinus parrae (Gervais). Family TOXOPNEUSTIDAE Endoxocrinus prionodes H. L. Clark. Diplocrinus carolinae A. H. Clark. Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck). Lytechinus variegatus var. variegatus Lamarck. Family HOLOPIDAE Lytechinus variegatus var. carolina A. Agassiz. Holopus rangii d'Orbigny. Tripneustes ventricosus (Lamarck). Family BATHYCRINIDAE Family ECHINIDAE M onachocrinus caribbeus (A. H. Clark). Echinus gracilis A. Agassiz. Rhizocrinus lofotensis M. Sars. Family ECHINOMETRIDAE Democrinus robustus (A. H. Clark). Democrinus rawsonii (Pourtales).1 Echinometra lucunter (Linne).3 Echinometra viridis A. Agassiz. ECHINOIDEA Family ECHINONEIDAE Family CIDARIDAE Echinoneus cyclostomus Leske. Histocidaris sharreri (A. Agassiz). error Histocidaris nuttingi Mortensen. 2 Mortensen !lives Tromlko8oma hl81,idum from the Gulf of Mexico bY for the Gulf of California. ulsr, I An undersea photograph taken by D. M. Owen, Woods Hole Oceano· a In the western part of the Gulf of Mexico this species is frequently circ 1851 graphic Laboratory, in lat. 27°18' N., long. 85°30' W., west of Florida, in and is then easily mistaken for a species of Heliocidari.. Verrill In riot 1,200 fathoms, shows a lo-armed stalked crinoid that may be Bathvcrinu. recorded (?) Anthocldari8 mexicana A. Ag. from Vera Cruz. In the re~aaa aldrlchlanu8 Wyville Thomson. Bee Bcience News Letter, vol. 60, No. 15, of his article he says that Mr. Agassiz considers this his Echinometra P October 13, j9M, p. 2Zl. (=E. viridi8). It is probably. the circular variety of E.lucunler. GULF OF MEXICO 375 Family ECHINOLAMPADIDAE ASTEROIDEA Echinolampas depressa Gray. Family GONIOPECTINIDAE Conolampas sigsbei (A. Agassiz). Goniopecten demonstrans Perrier. Family NEOLAMPADIDAE Prionaster elegans Perrier. Neolampas rostellata A. Agassiz. Family ASTROPECTINIDAE Family CLYPEASTRIDAE Astropecten articulatus (Say). Clypeaster rosaceus (Linn~). Astropecten articulatus var. articulatus (Say). Clypeaster euclastull H. L. Clark. Astropecten articulatus var. valenciennesi Muller and Clypeaster cyclopilus H. L. Clark. Troschel. Clypeaster ravenelii (A. Agassiz). Astropecten cingulatus Sladen. Clypeaster prostratus (Ravenel). Psilaster squameus H. L. Clark. Plutonaster bifrons (Wyville Thomson). Family FIBULARIIDAE Plutonaster intermedius (Perrier). Persephonaster pulcher (Perrier). Echinocyamus grandiporus Mortensen. Persephonaster echinulatus H. L. Clark. Echinocyamus macrostomus Mortensen. Persephonaster spinttlosus H. L. Clark. Family SCUTELLIDAE Tethyaster grandis (Verrill). Tethyaster vestita (Say).4 A{ellita quinquiesperforata (Leske). A{ellita quinquiesperforata var. quinquiesperforata (Leske). Family LUIDIIDAE A{ellita quinquiesperforata var. tenuis H. L. Clark. Luidia senegalensis Muller and Troschel. A{ellita quinquiesperforata var. lata H. L. Clark. Luidia barbadensis Perrier. A{ellita sexiesperforata (Leske). Luidia variegata Perrier. Encope michelini L. Agassiz. Luidia convexiuscula Perrier. Family POURTALESIIDAE Luidia alterna/a (Say). Luidia clathrata (Say).6 Pourtalesia miranda A. Agassiz. Family BENTHOPECTINIDAE Family PALAEOPNEUSTIDAE Ben/hopec/en spinosus Verrill. Palaeopneustes cristatus A. Agassiz. Cheiras/er corona/us (Perrier). Archaeopneustes hystrix (A. Agassiz). Cheiraster mi"'abilis (Perrier). Linopneustes longispinus (A. Agassiz). LuidialJ/er mixtus (Verrill). lIomolampas fragilis (A. Agassiz). Palaeotropus josephinae
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