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Newspapers and Journals of Sri Lanka: a Case of Self - Censorship

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Newspapers and Journals of Sri Lanka: a Case of Self - Censorship Mass Media NEWSPAPERS AND JOURNALS OF SRI LANKA: A CASE OF SELF - CENSORSHIP Ravi Prasad Herath he privilege of reading publications Thus by 1977, due to the manner in In addition to the fact that there was no T on political and other subjects which which one government fell and another tradition of impartial newspapers, the the people of this country had enjoyed for arose and the consequent economic and recently introduced method of offset print­ many decades started coming to end with social changes that occurred, there were ing too contributed to the emergence of the take over of newspapers by the Govern­ new possibilities were opening up for the the media culture of today. The best ment appearance of a new set of newspapers example is that shortly after the publi­ and journals. cation of 'Sathuta', the very first news­ First came the Lake House take over. paper of picture stories, the Multipax Then the Lankadeepa or the Times Group publishing house came into existence came under Government control. There­ The readers in present day Sri Lanka introducing a new kind of newspapers of after the Independent Newspapers Group are in the grip of newspapers and journals very small size (21X27). (the Davasa Group) was sealed. that have emerged through this new 'mechanism'. (See Chart 1) The resources of the Times Group which were meant to be used in the printing of its newspapers were taken Chart 1 over after paying a nominal sum, and this Mass media institution had to start publishing 'Adha' the mouthpiece of the ruling S.L.F.P. After the change of government in Print 1977, the Times Group which had the ~T~ best offset printing press in the Island had 1 to print 'Siyarata' the official organ of the Newspapers Journals U.N.P. Not long afterwards, the Times ~1— group in which some of the leading journalists had forked and which had Newspapers under Newspapers not Journals under Journals not under served the country and the nation well government under government govt. govt, control and which had run a profitable business control control control had to be closed down thus throwing its employees out of work. The Davasa group which was a compa­ Leading ratively new institution no longer demons­ Official Alternative Other Commer Non-commercial private trated the openness and the impartiality political newspapers news cial publications newspapers it had shown before 1974. newspapers organize papers publica companies organizations tions tions Thus what was left as national news­ papers was institutions with very large printing machines but which had not won Envirnr me confidence of the people. Religious mental publications The Political newspapers like Aththa, publications Janadina and Janavegaya exposed injus­ tice in various fields but their reports Other were not objective and often engaged in Journals sxaggeration. Economic Review March-April 1993 23 for girls and young women. With this Chart 2 commenced attempts by millionaires to Chart 7 Newspaper organisations under govern­ make money using the new generation of Other major newspaper companies and ment control: young people. their publications - I. Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Today the medium of printing is divided 1. Lttle Rose Publications - Irahanda. Ltd. (Lake House) into two parts i.e. newspapers and jour­ Serasili, Handamama, Aradhana The daily and weekly newspapers and nals. The only newspaper publishing house 2. Sirimali Enterprises - Yuvathi. Ras journals of the Lake House (English. that has remained in govcrnment'hands is anduna. Sathmino. Dimuthu, (These Sinhala, Tamil). the f akc House. The newspapers, and newspapers are not published at Dailies - Dinamina, Daily News, the publications issued by it are given in present) Thinakaran, Janathafweek Chart 2. 3. Sumathi publications - Kumudu. days only). Observer (week Rejina. Sathsara, Araliya, Sarasi. days only). During the period 1978-1979 the news­ 4. Himashan Enterprises-Sadavasana Weeklies - Silumina, Sunday Obser­ papers and other publications of the 5. Prabhath Enterprises - Thiratharu. ver, Navayugaya, Sarasa- Times group had ceased publication; and Kekulu, Lakdiva, Hithavatha viya, Tharuni, Subasetha, by 1979 there were only three major non­ 6. Multipax Lanka - Siththara, Kumari. Athuru Mithuru, Budu- government newspaper organizations Suhada, Muthuhara, Singithi. sarana, Kreeda. Vidunena. (See Chart 3). 7. Caillus Publications - Sathsiri, Sivu Mihira, Yovun Janatha. Twenty newspapers and journals were desa. Senasuma. Hapana. Others - Ferguson Directory, Dina­ being published by the Independent News­ 8. Prithvey Publications - Birinda, mina Vesak Kalapaya, Lake papers Co. Ltd., when the Sirima Bandara- Suvanda, Rasa, Sumiyuru House diaries. Lake House naike government, angered by a report of 9. Rasika Publishers - Sina, Manahara calendar. a case of a number of deaths by massive 10. Sathara Publishers - Sathara news­ poisoning, sealed twenty odd newspapers paper and journals were being published by it. 11. Geetha Publications - Geetha 12. Geetha Enterprises - Sakvithi Chart 3 Although after the UNP came to power 13. Ravaya Publishers - Ravaya, Usas- Non-government newspapers compa­ in 1977 the 'Davasa' group resumed its peta, Sapcla nies - publications under a new group of officers, 14. Pravada Publishers - Pravada Maga­ 1. Vijaya Publications Ltd. the new style of these publications did not zine meet the aspirations of the people. 15. Lanka Guardian Publication - Lanka 2. Upali Newspapers Co. Ltd. The Davasa group was disliked by the Guardian (fortnightly) magazine' 3. Express Newspapers Ltd. great majority of fellow journalists as a 16. Yukthiya Publications - Yukthiya Newspapers published by Express (weekly) newspaper Newspapers Ltd. 17. Chathura Dharma Vidya Publica­ 1. Veerakesari Charts tions - Manasa, /.' Chiththadharma Vidya / 2. Mithran. Varamanjari. Newspapers published by Upali News­ paper Co. Ltd. (Sinhala, English) 18. Centre for Society and Religion- Dailies -Divaina Sanvada, Christian Worker 19. Vegaya Publishers - Vegaya news- Chart 4 The Island .,paper Publications of Independent Newspapers Weeklies - Sunday Divaina 20. Sri Kantha Publications - Sri Kantha. Co. Ltd., (Sinhala-Tamil-English) Sunday Island Sithumina Dailies - Davasa Navaliya 21. Hettigoda Publications - Valenda. Sun Vidusara Pansiya Panas Jathaka Bana Dinapathi Binder 22. The Economic Times - Economic Weeklies - "Weekend Times newspaper Rivirasa 23. Sinhala Bala Mandalaya Mathru- Iranama Chart 6 bhoomi Rasakatha Newspapers and magazines published by 24. Zenith Publications - Sipsatha' Tikiri Vijaya publishing Co. Ltd. (English - 25. Trico international - Meda Prradigf Honey Sinhala) 26. Vincent Publications - Chalazia Chic Dailies - Lankadeepa(not publi­ Priyavi shed on Saturday) Sri (Magazine) Weeklies Sunday Times Sunday Lankadeepa place where journalists were subjected to Tharunaya severe oppression. But in the period Such publishers, making use of offset Sirikatha 1970-1980 it performed the functions of a printing unhesitatingly entered into two Vijaya school of journalism. The publications fields with which the readers were not Surathala issued by the Davasa group (under new familiar in the past. One of them was the Lanka Woman picture stories. The other was newspapers management) are given in Chart 4. 24 Economic Review March-April 1993 Mass Media By that time the Lake House had was the editor of the Davasa group's story publishing organisations as well as turned to offset printing and this was English language newspapers at the time popular and experienced journalists. liked by the people. This meant a sudden of its closure for the second time, was also Journalists and administrative officers challenge to the Davasa group. the editor of 'Honey' the other multi­ opposed to the government who had colour newspaper of that group. (He was The market was invaded by multi­ been working for pro-government news­ also the editor of 'Chic', another publi­ colour tabloids, although their substance paper organisations flocked to the Upali cation of the same group). was of low quality. This shows that the Newspaper Company in drones. readers are enamoured by the colour Factors like disputes about many The printing technology available to pages and the childish stories. The chall­ irregularities in the company, migration the company was superior to that available enge faced by the Davasa group was of able journalists of the Davasa group to anywhere else in the Island. In its early made all the greater by the fact that 'the the newly started 'Divaina', and the non- days its publications were not second to giant printing press'which it had boasted committed policy of the remaining journa­ any other in regard to substance and of was unable to print more than two lists in the expectation of favours from colour. (Publications of the Upali News­ colours (according to the rotary method) the government, contributed to the further paper Company as at present are given in at a time. disintegration of the Independent News­ Chart 5). papers Company. The M.D. Guanasena and Co. which The rivalries that arose in the organi­ owned the Davasa group also had a little In I980, Upali Wijewardena who was sation after the sudden disappearance of printing machine which was capable of the Chairman of the Greater Colombo its founder led to its able staffers (inclu­ multi-colour litho printing. Making use Economic Commission, along with Vijitha ding those in the newspapers) leaving, it of that machine the Davasa group pub­ Yapa who had been his Public Relations
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