ECONOMIC & SOCIAL STATISTICS OF SRI LAI,IKA

STATISTICS DEPARTMENT CENTRAL BANK O[' SRI LAI\IKA coLoMBo,.sRI LAI\KA. DECEMBER, 1995. lSBil e55 - 575 - 030 - 0 $

Prlnted ot thc Oentrcl Br,nk Prlnttng Ptas ECONOMIC & SOCIAL STATISTICS OF SRI LANKA - 1994 CONTENTS

I. CLIMATE 4.3 Tea 22 4.4 Rubber 23 l. I Mean Temperature I 4.5 Coconut 24 1.2 Rainfall 2 4.6 Other Food Crops 25 1.3 Number of Rainy Days 3 4.7 Minor Export Crops 26 1.4 Humidity 4 4.8 Fish and Livestock 27 4.9 Fertilizer 2. POPULATION 28 & EMPLOYMENT 4.10 Settlement and New Land Cultivated under Mahaweli Programme 29 4. Granted under Refinance 2.1 Vital Statistics: Sri Lanka Compared with Selected Counrries 5 I I Cultivation Loans Credit Schemes 30 2.2 Population 6 2.3 Population by Districts and Sectors 7 5. INDUSTRY 2.4 Percentage Distribution of Population by Religion Industrial Activities: Sri Lanka Compared with Selected Countries & Ethnicity 198 | 8 5.1 3l - 5.2 Industrial Production 2.5 Percentage Distribution of Population by Religion 32 5.3 Petroleum & Ethnicity l88l - l98l 9 33 2.6 Vital Statistics l0 5.4 Electricity 34 5.5 Textilcs 2.7 Crude Birth Rates & Death Rates by Districts ll 35 2.8 Population Density t2 5.6 Milk & Milk Products 36 2.9 Labour Force, Employment and Unemployment t3 5.7 Minerals 37 5.8 Ceramics 38 5.9 Sugar 39 3. NATIONAL ACCOT'NTS 5.10 Cement 40 3. I National Accounts Indicators: Sri Lanka Compared with 5.1 I Steel 4l i Selected Countries l4 5.12 Tyres 42 I 3.2 National Accounts Summary 5. 13 Paper & Paper Products 43 I t5 I 5.14 BOI (Board of Investment) Enterprises 4 3 3.3 Cross National Product at Current Factor Cost Prices t6 3.4 Gross National Product at 1982 Factor Cost Prices l7 3.5 Composition of Gross Domestic Product l8 6. EXTERNAL TRADE & FINANCE 3.6 Investment and Savings l9 6.1 External Trade and Finance Indicators: 4. AGRICULTT'RE Sri Lanka Compared with Selected Countries 45 6.2 External Trade 46 4.1 Agriculture: Sri Lanka Compared with Selected Countries 20 6.3 Quantities of Selected Exports 47 4.2 Paddy 2l 6.4 Imports by Major Categories 48 6.5 Quantities of Selected Imports 49 8. l2 Share Market Developments 85 6.6 Major Export Markets 50 8. l3 GovernmentFiscal Operations 86 6.7 Major Import Sources 5l 8. 14 Government Revenue 87 6.8 Central Bank Trade Indices - Imports 52 8. l5 Functional Classification of Current Expenditure 88 6.9 Central Bank Trade Indices - Exports 53 8.16 Functional Classification of Capital Expenditure and Lending 89 6.10 Central Bank Trade Indices - Value 54 8. l7 Composition and Ownership of Government Domestic Debt 90 6.1 I Balance of Payments 55 8.l8 Composition and Ownership of Government Foreign Debt 9l 6.12 Financing of the External Resource Gap 56 6.13 External Debt and Service Payments 57 9. TRANSPORT 6.14 End of Period Exchange Rates 58 9.1 Transport: Sri Lanka Compared with Selected Countries 92 59 6.15 Private Remittances from Abroad 9.2 Road Kilometreage 93 6.16 Tourism 60 9.3 Motor Transport - New Registration of Motor Vehicles 94 9.4 Sri Lanka Central Transport Board 95 7. PRICES & WAGES 9.5 Sri Lanka Railways 96 7.1 Consumer Price Indices: 9.6 Aviation 97 Sri Lanka Compared with Selected Countries 6t 9.7 Shipping 98 7.2 Consumer Price Indices 62 7.3 Wholesale Price Index 63 10. SOCIAL SERVICES '7.4 Average Produccr Prices & l0.l Social Indicators: Sri Lanka Compared with Selected Countries 99 7.5 Average Retail Prices of Selected Consumer Items 67 lO.2 General Education l0O 7.6 Average Daily Wage Rates in Agriculture and 10.3 Teachers and Pupils by District & Province 101 Building Constructions 7l 10.4 Government Schools by Sector- l99l lO2 7.7 Cost Indices by Type of Construction 73 10.5 Higher Education 103 10.6 Eligible, Admitted & Enrolled Students for t. FINANCE University Education 104 8. I Monetary and Fiscal Indicators: 10.7 University Admission by District 105 Sri Lanka Compared with Selected Countries 74 10.8 University Admission by District and Academic Stream 106 8.2 Reserve Money 75 10.9 Undergraduate Entrants by Academic Stream and Race 107 8.3 Money Supply 76 10.10 Intake and Total Enrolment of Students in Technical institutes 108 8.4 Interest Rates 't7 r0.l l Health Services 109 8.5 Assets and Liabilities of the Central Bank 78 r0.r2 Activities of Health Campaigns l0 8.6 Assets and Liabilities of Commercial Banks 79 10.13 Posts & Telecommunications ll 8.7 Mobilization of Deposits 80 10.14 Mass Media t2 8.8 Loans and Advances of Commercial Banks 8l 10.15 Film Industry l3 8.9 Bank Branch Network 82 10.16 Prisons and Prisoners tt4 8.10 Banking Density by Districts 83 10. t7 Admission to Prisons and Training Schools by District n5 8.1I Treasury Bill Market 84 10.t8 Convicted Prisoners ll6 SELECTBD BCONOMIC INDICATORS l99t twz 1993 194,4 lgln u93 r9tx National Income Govemnent Finance Rate of Growth of GDP (in rcal terms) 4.6 4.3 6.9 5.6 Revenue as a % of GDP 20.5 20.2 19.7 19.0 Rate of Growth of GNP (in real terms) 7.7 5.3 Expenditure as a % of GDP 32.r n5 28.r 29.0 Recurrcnt Expenditure Per Capita GNP (Currcnt Factor Rs. 19,136 21,786 2s,377 28.843 as a % of GDP % 22.5 2t.r n.s 22.0 Cost Prices) u$$ 463 497 526 584 Current Account surpluVDeficit (-) asa%ofGDP % -2.0 -0.9 -0.E 2.9 Per Capita GNP (Cunent Market hices) Rs. 2r,410 24,379 28,3s7 32,231 budget Deficit as u$$ sl8 556 588 652 a % of GDP % -l1.6 -7.3 -8.4 10.0 @efore grants) Investment & Savings hrblic Debt Investment as a % of GDP 22.9 24.3 25.6 27.O Public Debt as a % of GNP (CFCP) % I crovemment Investment u.r 106.9 108.2 106.6 Domestic % 6.1 4.8 47.E 48.3 asa%ofGDP 4.3 3.2 4.2 Forcign % 65.0 62.t ffi.4 58.3 Domestic Savings as a % of GDP 12.8 r5.0 f 6.0 t5.2 Interest Payment as a % of GDP % 5.9 6.1 6.0 6.6 National Savings as a % of GDP % 15.2 t7.9 20.3 t9.r Domestic % 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.6 Foreign % l.t l.l 1.0 1.0 Balance of Payments Money Supply Exports as a % of GDP 22.7 2s.4 27.6 27.4 Change of M, % 18.0 7.3 19.0 19.0 Imports as a % of GDP % 33.t 36.1 38.8 40.8 Change of M, % 23.2 16.6 23.5 19.6 Current Account Balance as a % of GDP % -6.5 -5.4 -4.s -3.8 Demand Deposits held by Public as a% of M, % 47.2 6.0 65 45.6

kices Unit r9t!i l9E5 tgtrl r9EE r$9 l99t) l99l tgln 9!n Colombo Consumers' Price lndex % Change (December to December) % t.5 9.1 t0.2 15.0 l5.r 19.6 9.0 13.8 r0.3 4.2 Annual Average Change % t.5 8.0 7.7 14.0 I 1.6 2t.5 t2.2 I1.4 Lt.1 8.4 Wholesale Price Index

% Change @ecember to December) % -t8.2 12.7 t2.9 9.3 18.4 17.0 8.1 8.0 7.7 1.8 Annual Average Change % -15.2 -2.9 t3.4 17.8 9.0 22.2 9.2 8.8 l.S 5.0 % Chznce in lmolicit GNP Deflator % o.7 5.5 6.8 I 1.5 9.7 20.o I l.l 0.0 9.5 9.4 r.T MEAN TEMPERATURE 1983 - T994 Degrees Celsius

Meteorological Station l9E3 r9E4 r9t5 r9E6 t9E7 I9EE 1989 1990 l99l r9v2 tw3 1994

l. Anuradhapura 28.9 27.7 27.9 28.8 28.8 28.9 28.5 28.1 28.2 28.0 28. r 28.1 2. Badulla 24.6 23.5 23.5 23.5 24.2 23.6 23.1 24.3 24.1 24.1 23.9 24.2 3. Batticaloa 27.9 27.6 27.9 28.2 28.3 28.6 28. I n.a. 27.8 27.9 30.6 28.0 4. Colombo 27.8 27.1 27.4 27.5 27.8 27.9 27.3 27.7 27.7 27.1 27.8 27.7 5. Diyatalawa/Bandarawela (a) 2t.0 20.0 20.2 20.0 20.1 r9.8 r9.5 20.6 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.6 6. Galle 27.3 26.7 25.4 26.9 27.6 26.9 26.3 27.3 27.2 27.O 27.3 27.2 7. Hambantota 27.6 27.4 27.1 27.5 28.0 28.2 27.5 27.7 27.5 27.3 27.4 27.4 8. Jaffna 28.6 26.8 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a, n,a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 9. Katugastota 25.3 24.3 24.5 27.8 25.3 24.6 24.4 24.9 24.8 24.6 24.7 24.8 10. Kankesanturai 24.8 28.3 28. I 24.8 28.9 n.a. n.a. n.a. n,a. n.a. n.a. n,a. I L Katunayake 25.6 27.2 28.0 28.1 28.0 27.8 27.2 27.7 27.7 27.4 27.8 27.7 12. Kurunegala 28. I 26.8 26.7 27.O 28.0 27.5 27.2 27.6 27.3 27.2 27.4 21.4 13. Maha Illuppallama 28.5 27.4 27.7 28.1 27.0 24.8 27.4 27.7 27.6 26.1 27.3 27.5 14. Mannar 28.5 27.9 28.1 28.0 28.8 28.O 28.2 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 15. Mullativu 28.9 25.O 28.6 28.7 29.7 28.4 28.6 n.a. n.a. n,a. n.a. n.a. 16. NuwaraEliya 16.5 r5.6 15.8 l5.9 l6.l r6.I r5.9 l6.l l6.1 15.7 t6.l t6.l 17. Pothuvil 28.s 27.8 28.3 27.5 28.7 28.3 28.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 18. Puttalam 28.0 27.2 27.5 27.8 28.0 27.7 27.8 28.3 28.4 28.0 27.9 28.0 19. Ratmalana 27.6 27.s 27.8 n.a. 28.3 28.0 27.9 28. I 28.2 27.9 28.1 28.0 20. Ratnapura 28.2 27.2 27.3 27.6 28.9 28.2 27.9 27.7 27.6 27.6 27.5 27.1 21. Trincomalee 26.5 27.8 28.7 28.4 29.2 29.2 28.8 n.a. 28.7 28.5 28.5 28.7 22. Vavuniya 28.8 27.7 n.a. 27.8 27.6 27.7 n.a. n.a. n.a. 26.4 26.6 28. l

(a) From 199t, Bandarawela. Source: Department of Meteorology. n.a. - Not Available I.2 RAINFALL T9$ - 1994 Millimetres

Meteorological Stetion r983 tgt4, l9t5 r986 [n7 r9E8 r989 r990 t99l pln l99} 1994

l. Anuradhapura 1,125.8 1,877.2 t,273.3 r,t 14.5 t,176.9 n.a. 1,t04.4 t,298.5 r,456.8 939.7 rs78.9 1,405.r 2. Badulla t,448.2 t,932.5 t,55 t.l 2,462.3 1,504.3 t,802.2 l,713.0 r,903.4 r,659.0 1,302.4 1759.5 r,866.0 3. Bandarawela 1,238.9 l,977.9 r,365.4 1,795.2 1,682.6 r,638.0 1,487.0 r,6t3.9 r,5l5. r t,272.5 l318.7 1,8t5.0 4. Batticaloa 920.0 2,313.0 t,632.3 t,627.2 I,358.9 r,250.8 r,199.4 n.a. 1,599.1 t,270.3 1625-7 3,080.7 5. Colombo 1,750.1 2,493.1 2,232.4 t,456.6 2,451.9 2,036.2 2,265.7 2,34r.4 2,096.9 2,575-2 2&7.O 2,483.O 6. Galle t,549.9 2,245.4 2,2t9.7 1,694.0 2,46,6.5 2,42t.0 2,325.3 t;t97.5 2, r 88.9 2,210.4 2472-5 2,598.5 7. Hambantota 639.0 995.8 1,048.5 973.1 889.5 n.a. 825.9 1,t92.9 1,283.8 603.2 9t8.1 1,055.s 8. Jaffna l,t84.l t,897.6 na. t,494.8 r,080. r t,346.6 998.0 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 9. Kankesanthurai t,o24.l 1,9r3.9 1,748.2 n.a. n.a. n,4. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 10. Katugastota r,323.8 2,139.6 2,086.1 t,723.7 1,629.0 I,685.8 1,848.4 2,034.6 r,768.1 1,515.6 2157.8 1,832.0 I l. Katunayake t,4t.l 2,299.5 1,986.2 2,W.8 n.a. 1,996.1 1,560.8 2,075.1 1,652.9 1,973.5 2033.4 r,966.3 12. Kurunegala 1,547.0 2,484.3 2,245.3 r,529.7 1,893.0 2,244.1 2,O&.4 1,949.1 2,l9l.l 1,796.8 20|'|.9 t,726.5 13. Mahallluppallama r, r46.0 2,t46.5 r,084.4 1,065.2 1,473.2 n.a. t,216.2 1,399.7 r,222.3 I,062.0 1607.3 1,595.7 14. Mannar 898.3 1,537.3 1,147.9 n.a. 780. l n.a. n.4. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 15. Mullativu 1,260.1 2,s05.6 I,50 r.2 903. I n.a. t,04t.l 983.2 n.a. n,a. LA. n.a. n.a. 16. NuwaraEliya t,225.O 2,W3.6 2,M7.1 2,ts2.8 1,754.5 t,742.4 2,248.4 1,757.6 1,836.6 1,U2.4 2099.9 2,303.4 17. Potovil 725.5 1,682.5 I,188.9 n.a. n.a. n.a. 947.6 n.a. n.a. na. n.a, 1,800.4 18. Puttalam 854.2 2,t68.9 r,537.0 8t4.8 t,2n.9 t,t82.7 827.7 1,370.2 1,281.3 1,O77.8 I | 81.0 I,[email protected] 19. Ratmalana 2,347.r 2,561.8 2,31O.4 l,8 t 5.7 2,702.s |,958.3 2,25t.9 t,997.8 2,245.1 2,385.7 282r.9 2,493.8 20. Ratnapura 3,355.1 4,200.5 3,975.9 3,547.0 3,0r3.3 4,3 r0.8 3,733.7 3,280.r 3,32t.2 3,536.2 40/.r.5 3,246.0 21. Trincomalee 1,305.8 2,572.4 1,24t.0 t,52t.9 n.a. n.a. 1,302.4 n.a. t,287.9 1,598.5 r94/..O r,973.E 22. Vavuniya 1,46r.2 2,229.1 r,578.l t,t78.7 r, r 87.8 8t 1.5 996.9 n.a. n.a. 681.3 t722-3 1,268.9 n.a. - Not Available Source: Depar[nent of Meteorology. 3

1.3 I{T]MBER OF RAINY DAYS 1983 - T994

Meterological Station r983 tgE4 r985 1985 [n7 r98E 1989 r990 t99l gln 1993 tglA

l. Anuradhapura 85 r23 97 95 97 n.a. 76 95 t02 8E r09 r08 Er 143 127 152 l6r I 2. Badulla t20 t73 r56 t54 158 159 t47 l5l : 187 155 t6l 149 t59 156 t45 r36 l3t t4r t74 J 3. Bandarawela l19 4. Batticaloa 77 l3l t04 lt0 106 95 89 n.a. 80 79 r05 t2l 5. Colombo t4 r79 158 t4l 157 156 t50 r53 r66 t5l r59 t7l 6. Galle 15t 169 t9 176 t72 t86 r68 t72 192 t57 188 198 7. Hambantota 83 106 106 89 92 n,a. 80 95 r00 8l r08 ll9 8. Jaffna & 106 n.a. 92 72 53 60 n.a. na. n.a. n.& ,,.4. 9. Kankesanturai 60 r04 u n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. ,t.4. 10. Katugastota t32 r94 t73 t& r55 r63 r65 t72 t@ 171 l9l t93 l L Katunayake 133 168 154 t45 n.4. t6 l,l0 t36 138 142 t57 t52 12. Kurunegala t26 177 t67 145 145 r54 r40 t46 154 t47 172 t49 13. Mahallluppallama u 126 95 r00 |l3 n.a. 96 t04 t04 E7 ltl t08 14. Mannar 45 93 6 n.a. 59 n.a, n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n,a. 15. Mullativu 75 lt0 84 87 n.a. 83 79 n.a, n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 16. NuwaraEliya 148 215 187 198 r8l r95 t97 r90 205 r83 199 225 17. Pottuvil 76 t20 l0l n.a. n.4. n.a. 79 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 77 18. Punalam 77 133 94 8i 95 93 74 79 98 85 tt2 t0l 19. Ratmalana 158 t76 t74 t56 t6t r63 157 t65 t67 r56 r80 179 20. Ratnapura 204 240 237 2t9 2N 2t8 r87 221 229 212 242 241 21. Trincomalee 75 133 100 96 n.a. n.a. 89 n.a. 92 82 104 t0t 22. Yzvuniya 83 r28 89 95 95 95 99 n.a. n.a. 52 ll0 93

n.a. - NotAvailable Source: Department of Meteorology. r.4 HUMIDITY - 1994 Pcrccntagc

Meteorological Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Station DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN DN

l. Anuradhapura 79 94 75 93 65 9r 68 92 67 89 65 87 @85 62 86 6490 79 95 85 96 79 94 2. Badulla 84 95 76 93 67 9t 68 92 63 88 61 87 6t 86 60 88 68 93 82 97 87 99 86 97 3. Bandarawela 82 93 74 89 67 85 75 9l 72 85 63 75 66 75 63 75 72 85 81 9l 87 95 85 96 4. Batticaloa 82 85 79 8s 77 85 75 87 7t 84 61 76 60 79 67 77 70 84 78 9l 84 9l 82 85 5. Colombo 72 87 73 88 7t 87 74 89 80 88 79 88 78 87 76 86 78 89 81 95 78 94 69 8s 6. Galle 80 90 77 88 75 86 78 89 83 88 85 9l 85 89 83 87 83 87 87 93 80 90 79 89 7. Hambantota 76 87 74 86 73 87 79 88 81 89 73 88 74 87 78 88 83 89 82 9l 83 92 77 87 8. Jaffna n,a. n.a. n.a. n,a. n.a. n.a, n,a. n.a. n,a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a, n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 9. Kankesanturai n.a. n.a. n,a, n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a, n.a, n.a. n.a. n,a. n.a. n,a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n,a. n.a. 10. Katugastota 78 93 72 9r 66 89 73 93 72 9l 75 85 75 86 73 87 73 9l 80 95 80 93 77 92 l l. Katunayake 7t 9r 7t 92 70 91 74 92 79 90 79 88 77 88 77 88 79 92 8t 96 78 94 65 88 12. Kurunegala 73 87 68 87 6t 85 7t 9t 7t 85 74 85 7t 83 67 83 74 87 79 93 79 93 72 85 13. Maha llluppallama 80 n.a. 75 n.a. 65 n.a. 69 n.a. 67 n.a. 67 n.a. 67 n.a. 63 n.a. 67 n.a. 79 n.a. 83 n.a. 79 n.a. 14. Mannar 77 n.a. 76 n.a. 73 n.a. 75 n.a. 74 n.a. 76 n.a. 77 n.a. 75 n.a. 76 n.a. 83 n.a. 85 n.a. 77 n.a. 15. Mullativu n.a. n.a, n.a. n.a. n,a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n,a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n,a. n.a. n,a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n,a. n.a. n.a. n.a. ,LA. n.A. 16. NuwaraEliya 81 87 72 8r 65 76 74 9t 78 9l 86 93 90 93 84 9l 83 92 87 95 87 95 85 92 17. Pottuvil n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n,a, n.a. n.a. n.a, n.a. n.a. 65 n.a. 67 n.a. 76 n.a. 8l n.a. 79 n.a. 18. Puttalam 77 92 73 9l 69 88 7 | n.a. 7t 82 72 84 73 84 70 82 72 88 8r'.95 82 95 78 93 19. Ratmalana 73 n.a. 72 n.a. 7 | n.a. 73 n.a. 78 n.a. I I n.a. 77 n.a. lJ n.a. I I n.A- 80 n.a. 78 n.a. 67 n.a. 20. Ratnapura 79 93 73 92 7r 92 77 95 80 94 75 90 79 92 75 93 79 97 84 98 82 97 77 95 21. Trincomalee 81 87 79 84 74 87 72 90 68 85 u84 6t 80 63 83 67 83 83 95 9t 97 8t 86 22. Yavuniya 79 n.a. 78 n.a. 67 n.a. 71 n.a. 7 | n.a. 67 n.a. 63 n.a. 6l n.a. 69 n.a. 83 na. 85 n.a. 83 n.a.

D-Day Source: Department of Meteorology. N - Night n.a. - Not Available 2.1 VTTAL sTATrsTrcS : sRr LANKA COMPARDD wITE'sELEcrED corJNTRrEs

Item Ref. Sri Bangla- India Indo. Rep. of Mala- Pakis- Philip Singa- Thar Year Lanka desh nesia Korea ysia tan pines pore land

year l. Mid Population, Mn. 1990 17.0 106.8 834.7 t79.1 42.9 17.8 tl2.t 62.1 2.7l 56.r t993 17.6 1t2.7 883.9 187.6 4.1 t9.l t22.8 67.0 2.87 58.6 1994 t7.9 l14.8 900.5 r90.7 44.5 19.5 126.6 68.6 2.93 59.4

Population Growth Rate, % t993 1.2 1.9 t.8 t.7 0.9 2.7 3.1 2.6 1.8 1.4 1994 1.4 1.9 1.9 - 1.6 0.9 2.1 3.1 2.4 2.1 1.4

3. Population Growth, 7o 1980- 1994 t8.9 29.7 33.7 29.3 l6.8 41.3 53.3 42.O 26.r 27.2 Annual Average Growth, Vo 1980 - 1994 t.4 2.1 2.4 2.1 t.2 2.9 3.8 3.0 1.9 1.9

4. Density of Population per Sq. Km. (a) t992 279 768 2& 97 4l 56 t50 2t8 4,548 l13

5. Urban Population (As aVo of Total Population) 1994 22 t7 26 32 74 44 33 4 100 3s 6. Crude Birth Rate (Per l,000 persons) 1992 20 3l 29 25 l6 28 40 32 l6 20 7. Crude Death Rate (Per 1,000 persons) 1992 6 ll l0 l0 6 5 l0 6 6

8. Natural Increase ofPopulation (Per I,000 persons) 1992 14 20 l9 t5 t0. 23 30 25 t0 t4

9. Fertility Rate (Births per Woman) 1992 2.5 4.0 3.7 2.9 1.8 3.5 5.6 4.1 1.8 2.2

10. Infant Mortality Rate ' (Per 1,0fi) Live Births) t992 I8 9r 79 66 t3 t2 95 2l ) 26

I l. Expectation of Life at Male 1992 70 )) 6l 59 67 69 59 63 72 67 Birth (Years) Female 1992 74 56 62 62 t) 73 59 66 77 72

(a) Population / Total Land Area Sources: Human Development Report 1994, UNDP Key Indicators of Developing Asian and Pacific Countries - 1995, ADB, Central Bank ofSri Lanka / 22 TPULATrON 1986 - 1994 Thousands

1986 1987 1988 l9E9 1990 r99l lw2 r993 1994 (a) Item M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F MF l. Age Groups 0- 4 1,030 985 1,046 1,000 1,060 1,014 1,069 1,031 1,081 r,uz r,o97 1,058 I,107 r,067 r,r2t r,081 t,t37 1,096 5- 9 932 903 946 916 959 929 969 936 980 946 994 960 1,003 969 1,016 981 1,030 995 l0-14 937 897 95r 9l l 965 923 976 936 987 946 1,001 960 l,0l I 969 1,023 981 r,037 995 t5-19 885 860 898 873 910 885 920 895 930 905 94 918 953 927 965 938 978 951 20-24 817 821 830 833 841 845 867 861 877 871 890 884 898 892 909 903 922 915 25 -29 692 690 7m 700 712 7tO 722 721 730 729 741 740 748' 747 757 756 768 766 30-34 6t9 601 628 610 637 618 &5 629 652 637 662 @6 668 652 676 660 686 69 35-39 459 45r 466 458 472 4& 477 472 482 477 490 484 494 489 500 495 507 502 40-4.r'. 392 367 39E 372 N3 377 ffi 383 4ll 387 418 393 421 397 427 q2 433 447 45-49 335 326 34t 332 346 331 350 3q 353 3M 359 349 362 352 366 357 372 362 50-54 308 28r 313 285 3t7 289 322 288 326 292 331 296 334 299 338 302 342 307 55-59 24t 2t8 24- 221 248 224 252 227 255 229 258 233 261 235 2& 237 268 241 ffi-& 2ffi r72 203 r74 205 176 207 r78 2to 180 2r3 183 2t5 184 217 186 220 189 65-69 145 132 148 134 150 136 l5l 134 t52 136 155 138 156 139 158 r4l 160 143 70-74 106 99 106 92 109 93 lll 95 tt2 96 ll3 97 It4 98 116 99 rr7 l0l 75 -79 60 55 61 56 62 57 63 57 957 65 s8 66 59 6660 67 60 80 & over 57 53 58 55 58 55 59 56 60 57 61 58 61 58 62 59 63 59

2. Total 8,215 7,902 8,339 8,O22 8,454 8,t32 8,567 8,239 8,662 8,331 8,792 8,455 8,872 8,533 8,981 8,638 9,107 8,758

3. TotalPopula- tion (Mid Yer 16,rr7 16,361 r6,586 16,806 16,993 r7,247 n,q5 t7,6t9 17,865

(a) Provisional Source: Registrar General's Department, M-Male F -Female 2.3 POPULATION BY DISTRICTS AND SECTORS lE 1 AND 198I

tnl t98l District No.'(X)0 Percent No.'0lX) Pencent Totel Urban Rural Estate Urban Rural Estate Total Urban Rural Estste Urban Rural Estate

l. Colombo 2,672.3 t,476.2 I,183.4 t2.7 55.2 4.3 0.5 r,698.3 t,262.0 427.4 9.0 74.3 25.2 0.5 2. Gampaha n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a, l,389.5 386. l 1,001.4 2.O 27.8 72.1 0.1 3. Kalutara 729.5 159.5 521.4 48.6 2r.8 7 r.5 6.7 827.2 t77.O @5.7 44.5 21.4 73.2 5.4 4. Galle 735.2 154.9 555.4 24.9 2t.r 75.5 3.4 814.6 168. l 625.6 20.9 20.6 76.8 2.6 5. Matara 586.4 66.1 496.8 23.5 l 1.3 84.7 4.0 644.2 71.5 552.6 20.1 ll.l 85.8 3.1 6. Hambantota 340.3 33.3 306.4 0.6 9.8 90.0 0.2 424.1 4t.4 38r.2 1.5 9.8 89.9 0.3 7. Moneragala r93.0 5.1 r76.8 ll.l 2.6 91.6 5.8 279.7 6.0 265.1 8.6 2.2 94.8 3.0 8. Badulla 615.4 55.4 350.3 209.7 9.0 s6.9 34.1 u2.9 5l.5 430. I 16r.3 8.0 66.9 25.1 9. IGndy I,187.9 t47.3 748.8 291.8 12.4 63.0 24.6 1,126.3 147.4 848.4 r30.5 13.l 75.3 I 1.6 10. Matale 3t4.9 37.6 233.9 43.4 I 1.9 71.3 | 3.8 357.4 37.9 289. I 30.5 10.6 80.9 8.5 ll. NuwaraEliya 450.3 27.6 t66.6 256.r 6.1 37.0 56.9 522.2 37.9 t7 t.7 3t2.7 7.3 32.9 59.8 12. Kegalle 654.8 46.1 529.8 78.8 7.O 80.9 12.l 682.4 53.s 566.7 62.2 7.8 83.0 9.2 13. Ratnapura 661.4 50.0 485.6 r25.8 7.6 73.4 t9.0 796.5 59.2 629.7 to7.6 7.4 79.1 13.5 14. Kurunegala 1,O25.6 42.2 965.4 18.0 4.1 94.1 1.8 r,212.8 43.9 t,157.9 10.9 3.6 95.5 0.9 15. Puttalam 378.4 52.4 32t.2 4.8 t 3.8 84.9 1.3 493.3 6t.8 428.6 3.0 t2.5 86.9 0.6 16. Trincomalee r88.2 72.2 1t4.7 1.3 38.4 60.9 0.7 256.8 83.3 169.7 3.8 32.4 66. l t.5 17. Batticaloa 256.7 69.5 r87.2 0.1 27.r 72.9 0.0 330.9 79.6 25t.2 o.2 24.0 75.9 0.1 18. Ampara 272.6 32.0 240.5 0.1 lt.7 88.2 0.0 388.8 53.6 335.2 r3.8 86.2 19. Anuradhapura 388.7 38.8 348.5 1.4 10.0 89.6 0.4 s87.8 4t.7 54/..6 t.5 7.1 92.7 0.2 20. Polonnanrwa 163.7 16.3 146.9 0.5 10.0 89.7 0.3 262.8 20.8 244.1 t.9 7.9 9t.4 0.7 21. Jaffna 701.6 233.9 467.6 0.1 33.3 66.6 0.0 831. I 270.6 560.5 32.6 67.4 0.0 22. Mullativu n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 77.5 7.2 70.2 0.1 9.3 90.6 0.1 23. Mannar 77.8 I 66.7 l.l 14.3 85.7 0.0 106.9 14.5 91.8 0.7 13.5 85.8 0.7 Vl. Vavuniya 95.2 20.6 74.6 n.a. 21.6 78.4 n.a. 95.9 r8.s 77.4 19.3 80.7 Total 12,689.9 2,84,t.l "8,68t.5 1,153.3 22.4 6E.s 9.1 14,E50.0 3,194.9 10,721.7 933.5 2ts 722 6J ... Negligible Source: Department o[Census and Statistics. 2.4 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF POPT]LATION BY RELIGION & ETEMCITY - 1987

By Religion - Percent By Ethnicity - Percent Distrlct

L Colombo t,698,322 70.8 7.6 10.0 I1.4 0.2 77.9 9.8 1.3 8.3 l.l l.l 0.5 2. Gampaha 1,389,490 7t.r 1.9 3.4 23.5 0.1 92.2 3.3 0.4 2.8 0.6 0.6 0.1 3. Kalutara 827,189 u.4 4.5 7.6 3.5 0.0 87.3 1.0 4.1 7.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 4. Galle 814,579 94.1 1.8 3.2 0.6 0.3 94.4 o.7 1.4 3.2 0.0 0.1 o.2 5. Matara w,231 94.6 2.4 2.6 0.4 0.0 94.6 0.6 2.2 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 6. Hambantota 424,rO2 97.3 0.4 2.2 0.1 0.0 91.4 0.4 0.1 l.l 0.0 1.0 0.0 7. Moneragala 279,743 92.8 4.6 2.1 0.5 0.0 92.9 1.8 3.3 1.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 8. Badulla u2,893 68.3 25.0 4.5 2.2 0.0 68.5 5.7 2t.l 4.2 0.1 o.2 0.2 9. Kandy t,t26,296 74.4 11.9 tt.2 2.3 0.2 75.0 4.9 9.3 10.0 0.2 o.2 0.4 10. Matale 357,41 78.7 I1.6 7.4 2.3 0.0 79.9 5.7 6.8 7.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 ll. NuwaraEliya 522,2t9 35.4 55.6 3.0 5.9 0.1 35.9 13.5 47.3 2.8 0.1 0.2 0.2 12. Kegalle 682,4t1 85.2 7.7 5.4 1.7 0.0 86.3 2.1 6.4 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 13. Ratnapura 796,68 u.6 I1.9 1.9 1.6 0.0 84.6 2.3 ll.l 1.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 14. Kurunegala 1,212,755 90.4 l.l 5.3 3.2 0.0 93. I l.l 0.5 5.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 15. Puttalam 493,34 47.5 4.2 ro.2 38.0 0.1 82.6 6.7 0.6 9.7 0.1 0.2 0.1 16. Trincomalee 256,790 32.4 31.8 29.s 6.0 0.3 33.6 33.8 2.6 29.0 0.5 0.3 o.2 17. Batticaloa 330,899 2.7 6.3 u.l 6.8 0.1 3.2 70.9 t.2 23.9 0.7 0.0 0.1 18. Ampara 388,786 37.2 l9.l 4r.6 2.O 0.1 37.7 20.1 o.4 41.4 o.2 0.1 0.1 19. Anuradhapura 587,822 90.2 1.0 7.5 t.2 0.1 91.3 1.4 0.1 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 20. Polonnaruwa 262,753 89.9 2.0 6.7 1.3 0.1 90.9 2.2 0.1 6.5 0.0 0.1 0.2 21. Jaffna 83 l,l 12 0.5 85.2 t.7 t2.6 0.0 0.6 95.3 2.4 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 22. Mullathivu 77,5t2 1.3 78.3 4.9 15.5 0.0 5.1 76.0 13.9 4.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 23. Mannar 106,9,f0 3.0 26.7 28.1 42.1 0.1 8.t 50.6 13.3 26.6 0.0 0.0 1.4 24. Vavuniya 95,9U 16.5 69.3 7.1 7.1 0.0 16.6 s6.9 19.4 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.2 Totel 02

Source: Department of Census and Statistics. 9 2.5 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION oF PIoPULATIoN BY RELIGIoN & ETHMCITY lttl - 19t1 (Census Years)

By Religion Total By Ethnicity Year Population Budd- Hindus Muslims Chris- Others Sinha- Sri lankan Indien Moors Bur3hen Malays Otbens '000 hists tians lese Tamils Tamils

l88l 2,759.8 61.5 2t.5 7.2 9.7 0.1 66.9 2, 1.9 6.7 0.7 0.3 0.5

l89l 3,007.8 62.4 20.5 7.1 10.0 67.9 )t t.l 6.5 0.7 0.3 0.5 l90l 3,566.0 60.0 23.2 6.9 9.8 0.1 65.4 2li.7 6.4 0.6 0.3 0.6 t9l I 4,to6.4 60.3 22.8 6.9 10.0 66.1 12.9 t2.9 6.5 o.7 0.3 0.6 t92r 4,498.6 61.6 21.8 6.7 9.9 67.1 I1.5 13.4 6.3 0.6 0.3 0.8 193 I 5,306.9 61.5 22.O 6.7 9.8 65.5 r 1.3 15.4 6.1 0.6 0.3 0.8 t9M 6,657.3 @.5 19.8 6.6 9.1 69.4 l1.0 tt.7 6.2 0.6 0.3 0.8 1953 8,@7.9 @.3 19.9 6.7 8.9 ol,.z 69.4 10.9 12.0 6.3 0.6 0.3 0.5 1963 10,582.0 66.2 18.5 6.8 8.4 0.1 7l.0 I1.0 10.6 6.5 o.4 0.3 0.2 t97 | 12,689.8 67.3 17.6 7.1 7.9 0.1 72.O lt.2 9.3 6.7 0.4 0.3 0.1 r98l 14,850.0 69.3 15.5 7.6 7.5 0.1 74.O t2.7 5.5 7.0 0.3 0.3 o.2

... Negligible Source: Department of Census and Statistics. ro 2.6 VTTAL STATISTICS T9t6 - I9D4

Item Unit 19E6 rwl r9tE 19E9 1990 l99t tw2 1993 194(a)

r7,865 l. Population '000 l6,t 17 16,36r 16,586 16,806 t6,993 17,247 t7,405 r7,619 l.l 0- 14years '000 5,684 5,770 5,850 5,917 5,982 6,070 6,126 6,203 6,290 9,545 9,887 | .2 15 - 54 years '000 8,904 9,039 9,t63 9,299 9,N3 9,633 9,751 1.3 55 years & over '000 t,529 1,552 1,573 t,590 t,608 1,632 t,g6 t,665 1,688 2. Population Growth Rate % 1.8 t.5 1.4 t.3 l.t t.5 t.0 t.2 1.4 3. Crude Birth Rate Per'(XX) 22.3 21.9 20.7 2t.3 20.0 20.6 20.1 t9.9 n.a. 4. CrudeDeath Rate Per'fiX) 6.0 5.9 5.8 6.2 5.8 5.5 5.6 5.3 n.a. 5. Rate of Natural lncrcase Per'(X)0 r6.3 16.0 t4.9 15. I 14.2 r5. r r4.5 4.6 n.a. 6. Arrivals in Sri Lanka '000 462.1 392.1 426.6 421.4 565.9 552.6 767.2 8t7.0 tt.a. 846.6 ,t.4. 7. Departures from Sri Lanka '000 45.3.0 435.9 477.4 4/.1.0 545.9 620.4 839.2 8. Net Migration Rarc Per'fiX) -0.1 -2.7 -3.1 -1.2 t.2 -3.9 4.1 -1.7 ,r.4, 9. Density of Population per Sq. Km. No. 2s3 256 26 270 273 277 279 283 287 tr.a. 10. lnfant Mortality Rate (b) Per'0(X) 22.6 24.O na. t7.6 r9.3 17.2 r8.2 n.a.

(a) hovisional Sources: Registrar General's Department (b) Per'000 Live Births n.a. - NotAvailable ll 2.7 CRUDE BIRTH RATES AND DEATH RATES BY DISTRICTS 1985 - 1993 Per'fi)0

r985 1986 L9E7 19EE l9E9 l9m l99l 1992 1993(a)

District Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Birth Death Birth Death Birth Death Birth Death Birth Death Birth Deatlr Birth Death Birth Death Birth Death Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate

I l. Colombo 24.1 9.0 22.3 8.4 23.1 8.5 22.4 8.8 22.2 8.9 23.2 8.9 25.7 8.8 )<) 8.5 25.7 8.8 D 2. Gampaha r6.l 6.1 15.2 6.1 15.9 5.9 14.2 5.6 15.4 6.0 14.8 5.8 15.0 5.3 13.6 5.6 tl.7 4.5 3. Kalutara 2r.5 6.5 19.6 6.1 t9.7 5.9 18.4 5.7 18.5 6.0 16.6 5.5 t7.4 5.3 15.8 5.6 15.7 5.4 4. Galle 22.O 6.2 19.6 5.9 20.8 5.6 20.o 5.7 20.8 6.2 20.3 5.9 20.3 5.9 20.1 5.8 18.9 5.7 5. Matara 28.0 6.5 24.5 6.1 24.7 6.3 23.0 5.3 22.7 6.2 21.2 6.r 20.2 5.4 20.2 5.4 20.8 5.1 6. Hambantota 26.3 4.2 22.3 3.9 23.O 3.9 18.6 3.7 2l.l 4.7 t9.4 3.6 r8.6 3.9 r6.3 3.7 15.4 3.2 7. Moneragala 29.3 3.2 26.7 3.1 24.9 3.2 22.8 3.1 22.8 4.2 21.2 3.1 20.7 3.2 18.6 2.7 19.5 2.7 8. Badulla 26.5 6.1 28.3 5.7 26.9 5.6 24.7 5.3 25.6 6.3 26.1 6.5 26.3 5.2 23.6 4.8 24.r 4.6 9. Kandy 25.9 7.2 23.4 6.4 23.1 6.4 2r.9 5.9 22.4 6.8 21.2 6.3 23.1 6.2 22.4 6.3 22.0 6.1 10. Matale 27.8 5.6 24.2 5.4 24.0 5.9 23.5 5.4 2t.8 5.8 20.0 4.9 19.3 4.7 20.r 4.9 19. I 4.2 I L NuwaraEliya 35.5 9.0 29.r 8.5 27.2 7.6 27.1 7.6 27.8 9.1 23.O 8.3 26.3 7.1 26.0 7.6 26.3 9.0 12. Kegalle 19.0 5.8 r6.3 5.8 16.5 6.0 15.0 4.8 t6.4 6.1 14.8 5.4 14.9 4.7 13.4 4.9 14.0 4.9 13. Ratnapura 28.1 5.9 29.9 5.4 24.2 5.4 24.2 5.4 24.9 ).) 24.r 5.4 23.0 4.7 19.5 5.1 19.7 4.6 14. Kurunegala 22.9 6.0 22.O 6.0 20.9 5.7 18.5 5.0 20.7 5.9 18.7 5.0 18.0 5.2 t7.4 5.0 r7.4 4.8 15. Puttalam 28.3 6.3 24.8 6.0 22.4 5.6 21.4 5.1 21.5 5.3 2t.o 5.0 2r.9 5.4 t9.7 4.9 20.5 4.3 16. Trincomalee 23.8 4.0 2r.7 4.1 2t.7 4.2 21.7 4.7 20.7 5.5 18.2 4.1 r7.7 3.3 t7.5 3.3 t3.6 2.2 17. Batticaloa 3l.l 5.7 26.4 5.9 24.4 5.8 24.2 5.9 28.0 7.9 27.4 7.8 26.9 7.2 28.8 7.O 25.7 4.8 18. Ampara 27.2 4.2 25.5 4.7 23.r 5.1 24.1 4.8 24.5 5.1 23.6 4.6 24.0 )./ 25.8 4.9 24.8 4.1 19. Anuradhapura 23.8 5.3 23.5 5.2 21.7 5.9 2t.7 4.6 23.O 5.3 20.6 5.2 22.O 4.9 21.5 4.8 2t.l 4.1 20. Polonnaruwa 22.r 3.6 22.5 4.8 21.3 4.7 22.5 4.3 20.3 4.7 21.0 4.2 2t.6 4.5 21.9 5.6 24.O 4.6 21. Jaffna 23.2 4.4 22.8 4.6 20.7 4.0 17.8 7.4 16.3 4.1 tt.2 2.8 1.2 2.8 18.5 4.9 18. I 5.0 22. Killinochchi 31.3 4.7 26.9 4.1 26.3 4.3 3t.7 5.1 34.0 4.6 32.4 5.0 23. Mulativu 26.6 3.5 24.1 3.5 25.3 3.4 20.o 8.2 21.9 5.6 15.3 2.5 23.3 3.7 24.8 3.5 25.6 2.9 24. Mannar 22.2 4.4 23.2 4.7 25.8 5.3 22.5 5.7 27.2 5.6 26.8 5.6 26.8 5.6 25.1 4.6 25.2 5.2 25. Vavuniya 21.9 4.8 16.5 3.8 19.6 4.4 17.3 5.6 21.3 5.1 15.6 3.2 13.3 2.9 15.9 4.3 2l.8 3.7

Sri Lanka 24.3 62 22.3 6.0 2r.9 5.9 20.7 5.8 21.3 6.2 20.0 5.8 20.6 5.5 20,1 5.6 19.9 5.3

(a) Provisional Source: Registrar General's Department L2 2.t FOPTJLATION DENSITY 1982 & 1994

t9t2 re94(b) District Area(a) Population Percentage Density Area(s) Population Percentage Density (Sq.Km.) ('000) @ersons/Sq.Km.) (Sq. Kn) ('m0) (Persons/Sq. Km.)

l. Colombo 652.4 t,735 I1.4 2,659 674.6 2,062 I t.5 3,057 2. Gampaha 1,39E.7 t,412 9.3 l,m9 t,352.5 |,568 8.8 r,159 3. Kalutara 1,606.5 847 5.6 527 1,575.5 969 5.4 615 4. Galle 1,673.8 832 5.5 508 l,6t 6.1 983 ).f 608 5. Matara 1,246.4 663 4.4 532 t,269.4 8t0 4.5 638 6. Hambantota 2,593.2 438 2.9 r69 2,512.8 537 3.0 2t4 7. Monaragala 5,581.0 29r 1.9 52 5,527.9 367 2.1 66 8. Badulla 2,818.1 &9 4.3 230 2,788.0 735 4.1 2g 9. Kandy 2,157.5 I,143 7.6 530 l,867.8 1,286 7.2 689 10. Matale 1,995.3 361 2.4 184 1,953.9 434 2.4 222 ll. NuwaraEliya r,437.2 517 3.4 360 r,668.4 541 3.1 324 12. Kegalle r,66.2.8 694 4.6 4t7 r,632.9 763 4.3 467 13. Ratnapura 3,238.8 815 5.4 252 3,23s.9 972 5.4 300 14. Kurunegala 4,772.7 1,245 8.2 261 4,584.3 1,481 8.3 323 15. Puttalam 2,976.9 509 3.3 l7l 2,8/,6.5 626 3.5 220 16. Trincomalee 2,618.2 267 1.8 t02 2,529.4 327 1.8 129 17. Batticaloa 2,&.4 343 2.3 t39 2,389.r 43 2.5 r85 18. Ampara 4,539.3 ,lOl 2.6 88 4,239.3 512 2.9 121 19. Anuradhapura 7,t29.1 608 4.0 85 6,663.8 750 4.2 lt3 20. Polonnaruwa 3,q3.7 271 1.8 80 3,|7.2 336 1.9 108 21. Iaffna 2,m2.2 853 5.6 412 929.2 896 5.0 9g 22. Killinochchi n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. r,205.4 ll0 0.6 9l 23. Mulathivu 1,966.0 79 0.5 q 2,415.4 98 0.5 4l 24. Mannar 2,002.r lll 0.7 55 1,880.5 lztO 0.8 74 25. Vavuniya 2.6l.5.2 100 0.6 38 r,860.7 ll? o.7 &

Total &,65r.7 15,r89 100.0 235 62,336.5 17,865 100.0 287

(a) Total land area excluding large inland waters Sources: Department of Census & Statistics, (b) Provisional RegistrarGeneral'sDepartment, Central Bank of Sri Lanka.

I l3 2.9 LABOUR FORCE, EMPLOYMENT AIID UNEMPLOYMEI{T IW - I9,4

1990 199r 1992 1993 1994

Item Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Totat Sector Sector Sector Sector Sector Scctor Scctor Sector Sec{or Sector l. LsbourForce Participation Rate (Ase % of Population) Male 65.s 67.6 67.2 62.4 u.9 &.4 &.3 67.0 6.5 6.2 66.0 66.1 65.0 65.4 65.3 Female 27.9 36.2 34.7 27.2 36.8 34.8 27.4 32-9 3r.7 25.7 35.3 33.3 24.8 32.5 30.8 Total 46.6 51.6 50.7 4.7 50.6 49.3 45.3 49.9 48-9 45.3 50.7 49.5 4.t 49.1 ,tE.l 2. Perccntege Distribution of Employe Population @y Induetrial Group) Agricultural,Livestock & Fisheries 7.1 55.s 47.7 5.4 49.7 4t.6 l3.8 53.2 46.1 10.4 45.2 3E.5 9.3 47.5 ,10.0 Mining&Quarrying 0.5 1.8 1.6 0.3 t.0 0.9 o.4 t.l 1.0 0.3 2.6 2.2 0.4 t.4 1.3 Manufachrring 24.3 t2.l 14.l t8.5 12.2 t3.4 t8.2 I t.0 12.3 r6.0 t2.5 13.2 12.2 t4.6 14.2 Electricity & Gas t.5 o.7 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.6 0.8 0.9 Construction 5.9 3.6 4.O 4.6 3.8 3.9 4.6 4.9 4.8 ,,) ,, 3.7 5.3 4.9 3.8 3.1 3.2 Tradc, Holels etc. 6.0 8.6 22.O 9.1 l1.5 20.7 8.0 10.3 2t.3 8.5 I1.0 n.7 9.7 t3.2 Transport & Communication 7.9 3.0 3.8 9.7 4.1 5.0 5.7 4.2 4.5 6.3 3.6 4.1 6.5 3.9 4.4 Insurance & Real Estate 3.5 t.l t.4 6.2 0.9 1.9 2.7 o.4 0.8 5.6 o.4 t.4 3.5 1.5 1.9 Services 25.3 t2-4 14.5 24.5 12.6 t4.8 3 t.0 t2.6 15.9 32.9 l8.l 20.9 31.2 14.3 17.6 Not Defined 1.8 3.E 3.4 7.8 6.2 6.5 2.0 4.3 3.9 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.8 3.2 3.3 3. Unemployment Rate (asa % ofLabourForce) Male 14.4 t2.l 12.5 t4.6 8.3 9.6 16.5 8.5 l0.r t2-l 9.7 t0.2 t0.l 9.t 9.8 Female 27.5 22.8 23.5 28.0 l9.E 21.2 26.9 t8.2 19.8 20.3 21.4 21.0 2l.l r6.r 17.0 Total r8.4 15.9 r6.3 18.7 t2.6 13.8 t9.7 lt.7 13.3 t4.5 13.7 r3.8 t3.2 I1.8 t2.l

Note:Based on Quarterly Labour Force Survey of the Department of Census & Statistics. Source: Dept.of Census and Satistics t4 3.1 NATIONAL ACCOT NTS INDICATORS : SRI LANKA COMPARED WITH SELECTED COLJNTRIES

Pakis Phillipp- Mehy- Rep.of Thai- Singa- Item Ref. Sri Bangla- Myen- India Indo- Yesr Lanka desh mtr nesia trn ines sia Korea lsnd l. Gross Nrtional Product (GNP)' r990 7,973 2r,9E0 '23,978 299,634 100,923 4l, t 30 44,531 40,949 25 l,868 84,572 37,590 57,607 US S Mn. (Current Market Prices) t99t 10,339 24,9f7 55,049 254,0@ t51,992 48,276 56,040 60, l 33 330,793 t22,544 t994 n,652 26,7 t5 61,377 2E7,024 t6't,996 s I,683 6,302 65,782 376,958 n.a. 68,66s 5,876 t,508 13,87 l 2. Per Capitr GNP, US S t990 469 206 s88 359 s63 367 718 2,36 t993 586 221 t,276 287 804 393 836 3,154 7,508 2,092 20,072 1994 6s2 231 1,398 319 874 408 966 3,37s 8,480 n.a. 23,43s 3. Growth Rrte of Gross llomestic t990 6.2 6.6 2.8 5.2 7.2 4.6 2.7 9.7 9.5 l 1.6 8.8 Product (GDP), % (In rerl terms) (a) 1993 6.9 4.5 6.0 4.9 7.2 )1 2.1 8.3 5.7 8.2 t0.I 1994 5.6 3.6 6.4 5.3 7.2 4.0 4.3 8.4 8.4 n.a. t0.l 4. Sectoral Composition of GDP' % (a) 4.I Agriculture 1985 25.9 4 t.8 48.2 34.6 22.7 27.4 24.6 20.8 t3.9 19.l 0.8 1990 23.2 38.3 47.8 3l.l 20.1 25.8 22.3 | 8.7 8.7 13.6 0.3 l 993 20.9 3s.9 47.l 30.0 t8.9 24.1 22.8 r5.9 7.4 I t.7 0.2 2.1 10.5 t.0 1.8 0.3 4.2 Mining I 985 2.3 1.0 1.7 t8.2 0.4 r990 3.0 0.9 2.0 t0.I 0.5 t.5 9.8 0.6 t.6 0.1 1993 2.4 l.l 9.5 0.5 t.6 8.0 0.4 1.6 0.1 4.3 Manufacturing 1985 14.8 9.9(b) 9.9 t9.4 t5.8 16.5 25.2 t9.7 2s.3 22.s 23.6 1990 t7.3 e.e(b) 9.0 2t.3 20.6 t1.6 25.5 27.O 29.2 27.8 28.6 r993 19. I 10.5(b) 9.2 22.3 l8.3 25.O 30.0 29.0 30.6 27.5 75.3 4.4 Services 1985 57.0 48.3 40.9 44.3 43.3 55.7 48. I 490 59.8 56.6 t990 56.5 5 t.8 42.3 m-u 49.2 56. I 50.7 45 61.5 57.0 70.8 r993 51.6 53.6 42.6 49.3 57.1 50.6 46 1 63.2 56. l 72.2 Concunption, Investment end Savingr, ?b of GDP (Current Market Prices) 't3.6 45. I 5.1 Privatc Consumption 1985 77.9 90.5 88.5(c) 6'1.2 590 8 r.6 52.O s9.2 62.2 t990 75.9 83.3 88.3(c) 62.0 544 7 t.4 71.2 52.6 53.1 s6.0 44.6 1993 74.8 79.6 88.8(c) 6r.0 556 72.1 76.1 50.8 54.0 54.2 42.3 1.6 r5.3 r0.l r 3.5 t4.3 5.2 Government Consumption | 985 9.3 7.3 l l.l 11.2 t2.l 1990 9.7 t4.0 l t.6 9.0 t5. I 10.l t4.0 l0.l 9.4 r0.0 r993 9.2 l3.9 l 1.6 9.0 r3.0 t0. I t3.2 r0.8 10.3 9.2 5.3 Gross Capital Formation 1985 23.8 12.8 15.5 24.0 28. l r 8.3 l5.3 27.6 29.2 28.2 42.5 1990 22.2 12.8 13.4 26.7 36. l 19.0 24.2 31.3 J6.9 41.0 35.7 t993 25.6 | 3.8 12.1 21.3 33.2 20.7 24.5 35.0 35. I 40.0 38.4 5.4 Domestic Savings t985 il.9 ,) I t.5 t9.7 29.8 6.3 18.8 32.7 30.7 24.8 40.6 1990 t4.3 2.7 | 1.7 24.0 36.1 13.5 t 8.7 33.4 36.2 34.9 46.1 1993 16.0 6.5 I l.l 20.1 35.3 14.8 l3.8 35.9 35.4 35.8 48.5 5.5 National Savings t985 t42 4.3 t0.5 19.2 25.7 14.4 16.0 2s.6 27.3 23.1 4.2 1990 t68 5.7 I1.7 22.6 31.7 r7.8 20.0 29.0 35.5 33.7 46.7 t993 203 10.6 il.1 l8-6 3 t.5 16.0 t6.8 30.8 34.8 13.9 49.3 PasiFtc Countries 1995, ADB (a) Data are bascd on CDP at constsnt prices with varying base year from country to country Sources: Key Indicaters of Dcveloping Asian and - (b) Includes mining International Financial Statistics - September 1995, IMF (c) Includes Covernment Consumption Central Bank of Sri Lanka. l5 3.2 NATIONAL ACCOT]NTS STJMMARY TMg - 1994

Item Unit r9E9 r990 r99t 1992 r993 r994(a) Gro*s National Product (GNP) l. GNP at I Current Factor Cost Prices Rs. Mn. 222,399 283,930 330,O32 379,179 47,n3 515,272 1.2 GNP Per Capita at Current Factor Cost Prices Rs. t3,233 t6,7W r9, r 36 2t,786 25,377 28,843 l.3 GNP at Constant ( 1982) Factor Cost Prices Rs. Mn. I 18,874 t26,426 132,2t4 138,074 t48,744 t56,662 1.4 GNP Per ( Capita at Constant 1982) Factor Cost Prices Rs. 7,073 7,40 7,66 7,933 8,42 8,769 Real (RNI) 1.5 National Income Rs. Mn. t20,528 l27,3gg 132,131 139,007 r50,718 157,200 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 2.1 GDP at Factor Current Cost Prices Rs. Mn. 228,138 290,61s 337,399 386,999 453,W2 523.300 2.2 GDP Per Capita at Current Factor Cost Prices Rs. t3,575 t7,102 r9,563 22,235 25,7 t6 29,292 2.3 GDP at Constant ( 1982) Factor Cost Prices Rs. Mn. tzt,729 t29,2U t35,204 r40,990 150,783 t59,269 2.4 GDP Per Capita at Constant Factor Cost Prices Rs. 7,243 7,606 7,839 8,10 t 8,558 8,9r5 Economic Growth Rates 3.1 Growth GDP of at Constant Prices Vo 2.3 6.2 4.6 4.3 6.9 5.6 3.2 Growth of GNP at Constant Prices Vo 2.3 6.4 4.6 4.4 7.7 5.3 Growth of 3.3 Real National Income (RNI) Vo t.6 5.7 3.7 5.2 8.4 4.3 (Constant prices) 3.4 Growth of GNP Per Capita Vo 0.9 5.2 3.0 3.5 6.4 3.9 4. Gross National Expenditure (GNE) 4. I GNE at Current Market Prices Rs. Mn. 246,152 3 t5,099 364,979 417,462 493,781 570,768 4.2 GNE Per Capita at Current Market Prices Rs. t4,97 r8,543 2t,t62 23,985 28,02s 3t,949 Gross Domestic Expenditure (GDE) 5.1 GDE atCurent MarketPrices Rs. Mn. 275,812 347,t48 410,003 4&,677 547,46 e7,592 5.2 GDE Per Capita at Current Market Prices Rs. 16,412 20,429 23,772 26,698 3 |,071 36,249 Capital Formation (Cument Prices) 6.1 Gross Domestic Capital Formation Rs. Mn. 54,722 71,455 85, I s6 to3,239 t27,870 t56,560 Gross 6.1.1 Domestic Fixed Capital Formation Rs. Mn. 54,249 70,417 84,206 r00,039 t26,070 154,3 r0 6.1.2 Changes in Stocks Rs. Mn. 473 l,038 950 3,200 1,800 2,250 7. Conzumption (Current Prices) Rs. Mn. 221,80 275,693 324,847 36l,438 419,576 491,032 7.1 hivate Rs. Mn. r94,680 24,288 288,2t4 320,466 373,785 434,933 Public 7.2 Rs. Mn. 26,4t0 3l,405 36,633 40,972 45,791 56,099 t. Exports ofGoods and Non - Factor Services Rs. Mn. 68,666 97,17 r07,0r6 135,t t4 r68,858 195,805 9. Imports of Goods and Non - Factor Services Rs. Mn. 92,587 122,481 144,674 174,508 216,54 2&,ffi2 (!)Pnvilionrl SourEc:ce rlt Bmtof Sri lrlr. RNI = GNP !t conttrna (1982) Flciff Colt hicc! + T.rm! ofTad. Eficcb on ExDnr!. r6 33 GROSS NATIONAL PR,ODUCT AT CTJRRENT FACTOR COST PRICES 19t7 - 1994 Rs. Million

Scctor r987 l9tt r989 lEX) l99r tvn r993 r994(r)

l. Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing 47,923 53,600 5E,462 76,488 90,257 100,080 I l1,659 r24,370 l.l Agriculture &,5't9 45,557 48,797 65, 14 I 75,108 8 r, r37 90,369 98,5 r9 l.l.l Tea 5,889 6,478 6,697 8,939 7,553 4,925 6,81I 6,879 1.1.2 Rubber 1,215 1,619 1,446 t,467 t,254 t,743 2,r77 3,185 1.1.3 Coconut 3,475 5,021 4,917 4,E52 6,667 9,320 9,711 9,167 1.1.4 Paddy 8,393 9,420 9,495 t5,088 l?,080 19,659 2l,586 2t,241 1.1.5 Other 21,ffi1 23,0r9 26,242 34,795 42,554 45,490 50,084 58,047 1.2 Forestry 3,U2 4,006 4,578 5,s47 7,267 8,357 9,360 l1,475 1.3 Fishing 3,702 4,0n 5,087 5,800 7,882 10,586 l I,930 14,376 7,2M 6,757 8,446 10,473 2. Mining & Quarrying 4,927 5,567 5,980 7,098 3. Manufacturing 28,470 3t,298 34,941 43,2& 49,816 59,346 68,88 | 80,482 3.1 Processing ofTea, Rubber & Coconut Kernel Products 6,325 6,45 | 6,825 E,740 8,015 7,839 8,427 9,994 3.2 Factory Industry 18,582 21,t46 25,140 31,r20 38,294 47,250 55,707 64,r74 3.3 Small Industry 1,459 1,530 1,632 r,907 2,384 2,954 3,483 4,086 3.4 Other 2,t04 2,17 | r,344 t,491 t,t23 1,303 r,2g 2,228 4. Construction t3,o20 14,943 17,332 2t,541 24,535 28,485 32,615 38,323 5. Electricity, Gas, Water & Sanitary Services 2,346 2,492 2,788 3,652 4,729 4,630 6,065 7,727 6. Transport, Storage & Communication | 8,663 2l,988 23,t09 28,655 32,E96 38,587 45,s33 52,591 I 7. Wholesale & Retail Trade 34,520 40,578 46,625 6r,812 7 |,556 83,904 99,736 I 15,02 7.1 Imports I1,815 14,043 15,98 r 22,053 25,670 30,778 39,6r I 47,375 7.2 Exports 2,659 2,883 3,423 4,846 5,E06 7,234 9,093 10,439 7.3 Domestic 20,M6 23,652 27,221 34,913 40,080 45,892 5t,032 57,207 8. Banking Insurance & Real Estate 7,455 9,N2 1o,496 13,225 16,399 20,827 27,8M 35,617 9. Ownership of Dwellings 49U 5,250 5,850 7,1 38 8,1 30 9,t46 10,344 I1,513 10. Public Administration & Defence 8,50t l l,050 13,600 15,840 11,630 t8,l4r 22,622 25,3r4 21,869 ll. Services (n.e.s.) 7,OO2 7,748 8,955 tr,n2 14,247 17,096 19,387 12. GDP t77,731 203,516 228,138 290,615 337,399 86,999 453,82 523,3N 13, Net Factor Income from Abroad -4,336 -5,266 -5,739 -6,685 -7,367 -7,820 -5,979 -8,028 14. GNP t73,395 198,250 222,399 283,930 330,032 379,179 47,t13 s15,272

(a) Provisional Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka. L7 3.4 GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT AT 1982 FACTOR COST PRICES r9E7 .I994 Rs. Million

Sector 1987 r988 r9E9 r990 t99l 1992 1993 l9a(a)

l. Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing 27,409 27,984 27,666 30,0r I 30,s70 30,090 3l,554 32,593 1.1 Agriculture 23,ffi3 23,762 23,3t1 25,729 25,941 25,3t6 26,592 27,596 l.l.l Tea 2,750 2,926 2,668 3,004 3, r00 2,303 2,98s 3,r l6 l.1.2 Rubber 765 770 697 718 655 669 681 688 1.1.3 Coconut 2,967 2,501 3,210 3,261 2,827 2,97 | 2,799 3,376 |.l.4 Paddy 5,423 6,3t2 5,25E 6,378 6,0O2 5,882 6,447 6,750 1.1.5 Other l l,098 tl,253 I I,478 t2,368 t3,357 13,491 l3,680 t3,666 1.2 Forestry 2,2t5 t,943 I,985 2,O30 2,t07 2,t49 2,t5r 2,t47 1.3 Fishing 2,191 2,279 2,370 2,252 2,522 2,625 2,81l 2,850 2. Mining & Quanying 3,1t2 3,392 3,576 3,901 3,51 | 3,300 3,693 3,915 3. Manufacturing 18,748 t9,622 20,488 22,427 23,949 26,059 28,806 3l,41 8 3. I Processing of Tea, Rubber & Coconut Kernel Products 3,340 3,273 3,257 3,530 3,332 2,912 3,t57 3,s67 3.2 Factory Industry l3,t l3 14,030 15,500 t7,085 18,708 2t,140 23,529 25,ffi 3.3 Small Industry 910 918 935 968 I,065 I,150 I,208 1,277 3.4 Other |,385 1,401 796 844 844 857 912 974 4. Construction 8,338 8,463 8,514 8,761 9,033 9,76s 10,400 tl,o24 5. Electricity, Gas, Water & Sanitary Services r,448 1,499 t,526 I,681 1,800 l,897 2,t25 2,335 6. Transport, Storage & Communication 13,538 l3,619 I 3,883 t4,4lo 15,534 t6,606 l7,287 t7,823 7. Wbolesale & Retail Trade 24,496 25,t64 25,588 26,497 28,556 30,o74 32,5E4 34,667 7.1 Imports 9,628 9,810 9,6t4 9,422 l 0,826 t l,7 t4 t3,436 14,699 7.2 Exports 2,490 2,579 2,752 3,060 3,2t0 3,695 4,t90 4,726 7.3 Domestic t2,378 12,775 13,222 t4,015 14,520 r4,665 14,958 15,242 8. Banking Insurance & Real Estate 5,490 5,8 t9 6,1 68 6,556 6,831 7,241 8,023 8,785 9. Ownership of Dwellings 3,550 3,603 3,650 3,705 3,761 3,795 3,841 3,887 10. Public Administration & Defence 5,435 5,462 6,r40 6,355 6,304 6,449 6,642 6,848 ll. Services (n.e.s.) 4,358 4,423 4,530 4,940 5,355 5,7 t4 5,828 5,974 12. GDP 115,922 I 19,050 t2t,729 t29,244 t35,204 140,990 150,783 r59,269 13. Net Factor Income from Abroad -2,6t5 -2,836 -2,855 -2,8 l 8 -2,990 -2,9t6 -2,O39 -2,067 14. GNP | 13.307 tt6,2t4 I 18,874 t26,426 t32,214 138.074 148,744 t56,662

(a) Provisional Source: Central BankofSri Lanka. 18

3.5 COMPOSITION OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT T9tt - 1994

Item 19EE r9E9 1990 l99r r9v2 r993 1994(a)

Rs. Mn. % Rs. Mn. % Rs. Mn. % Rs. Mn. % Rs. Mn. % Rs. Mn. % Rs. Mn. % t. Gross Domestic Product by Sector (Current Factor Cost Prices) 203,5t6 100 228,t38 t00 290,6ts r00 337,399 100 386,999 100 453,O92 r00 s23,300 100

l. I Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing 53,600 26.3 58,462 25.6 76,488 26.3 90,2s7 26.8 r00,080 25.9 I l r,659 24.6 124,370 23.E 1.2 Mining & Quarrying 5,567 2.7 5,980 2.6 7,098 2.4 7,2M 2.1 6,757 1.7 8,46 t.9 t0,473 2.O 1.3 Manufacturing 3t,298 15.4 34,941 15.3 43,264 t4.9 49,8 r6 t4.8 59,346 l5.3 68,881 t5.2 80,482 15.4 1.4 Construction 14,943 7.3 t7,332 7.6 2t,541 7.4 24,535 7.3 28,485 7.4 32,6t5 7.2 38,323 7.3 1.5 Electricity, Gas, Water & Sanitary Services 2,492 1.2 2,788 t.2 3,6s2 1.2 4,729 t.4 4,630 t.2 6,065 1.4 7,727 t.5 1.6 Transport, Storage & Communication 2 1,988 t0.8 23,1@ t0.l 28,655 9.9 32,896 9.7 38,587 r0.0 45,533 10.0 52,591 10.0 1.7 Wholesale & Retail Trade 40,578 19.9 46,62s 20.4 61,8t2 21.3 71,556 2t.2 83,904 21.7 99,736 22.O l15,021 22.O 1.8 Banking Insurance & Real Estate 9,002 4.4 r0,496 4.6 t3,225 4.5 t6,399 4.9 20,827 5.4 27,804 6.1 35,617 6.E 1.9 Ownership of Dwellings 5,250 2.7 5,8s0 2.6 7,138 2.5 8,r30 2.4 9,16 2.4 t0,34 2.3 l t,5 l3 2.2 l. l0 Public Administration & Defence I r,050 5.4 t3,600 6.0 15,840 5.5 17,630 5.2 r8,l4 | 4.7 22,622 5.0 25,314 4.8 l.l I Services (n.e.s.) 7,748 3.8 8,9s5 3.9 t,902 4.1 t.4,247 4.2 t7,096 4.4 t9,387 4.3 21,869 4.2

Gross Domestic Product by Expenditure

(Cur"rent Market Prices) 221,982 r00 25 t,89 1 t00 32t,784 100 372,34s r00 425,283 100 499,760 r00 578,795 r00

2.1 Consumption 195,306 88.0 221,O90 87.8 275,693 85.7 324,847 87.2 361,438 85.0 4t9,576 84.0 491,032 84.8 Government 2t,849 9.8 26,41O 10.5 31,405 9.8 36,633 9.8 &,972 9.6 45,791 9.2 56,099 9.7 Private t73,457 78. r 194,680 77.3 24,288 75.9 288,2t4 77.4 320,466 75.4 373,785 74.8 434,933 75.1

2.2 Gross Domestic Capital Formation 50,562 22.8 54,722 21.7 7 |,455 22.2 85, I 56 22.9 to3,239 24.3 t27,870 2s.6 r56,560 27.0 Government t3,125 5.9 t4,391 5.7 t2,665 3.9 t5,883 4.3 t3,682 3.2 20,950 4.2 tE,505 3.2 Private and Public Corporations 37,437 16.9 n33l 16.0 58,790 18.3 69,273 t8.6 89,557 2t.l t06,920 2t.4 | 38,0ss 23.9

2.3 Net Exports of Goods and Non-factor Sewices -23,886 t0.8 -23,921 -9.5 -25,3& -7.9 -37,6s8 t0.r -ss3g+ -9.3 -47,686 -9.5 -68,797 I 1.9 Exports ofGoods and Non-factor Services 57,885 26.1 68,666 27.3 97,n7 30.2 107,016 28.7 135,t l4 31.8 l68,858 33.8 r9s,805 33.8 Imports of Goods and Non-factor Services 8t,77 | 36.8 92,587 36.8 122,481 38. l 14./.,674 38.9 t74,508 4l.0 216.54 43.3 26r'.,602 45.7

(a) Provisional Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka. l9 3.6 IIYVESTMENT AND SAVINGS (CI]RRENT MARKET PRICES) TW - 19,4 Rs. Million

Item TW 19E8 r9E9 1990 l99l 1992 t993 194(a)

1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 197,456 22t,982 25 t,89 1 32t,784 372,345 425,283 499,7@ 578,795 Consumption l.l t71,487 t95,306 221,090 275,693 324,847 361,438 4r9,576 491,032 1.2 Investment 45,900 50,562 54,722 7 t,455 85, l 56 t03,239 t27,870 156,s60 I Net Exports .3 of Goods & Non-Factor Services - 19,93 r -23,886 -23,921 -2539 -37,6s8 -39,394 47,686 -69,797 2. Domestic Savings (GDP-Consumption) 25,969 26,676 30,80r 46,091 47,498 63,845 80,184 87,763 3. Net income factor from abroad 4,699 -5,266 -5,739 -6,685 -7,367 -7,820 -5,979 -8,028 4. Net Private Transfers from abroad 9,226 t0,r87 r l,840 14,518 t6,623 20,253 27,090 30,989 (2+3+4) 5. National Savings 30,496 3t,597 36,902 53,924 56,754 76,278 101,295 rlo,724 6. Savings - Investment Gap -15,404 - 18,965 -r7,820 -t7,531 -28,402 -26,961 -26,575 45,836 7. Financing the Gap Official Transfers (Net) 7.1 from abroad 5,3n 6,558 6,75t 7,142 8,407 8,027 7,749 8,069 7.2 Foreign Direct Investments t,727 t,382 633 t,294 2,633 5,3t5 9,107 7,815 7.3 Foreign Portfolio Investments (Net) 390 1,329 t,122 ? )11 t,334 7.4 Private Foreign L,oans (Net) 1,430 -867 1,754 850 t, t00 6,814 16,108 28,561 Govt. Foreign L,oans (Net) 7.5 5,901 7,793 8,179 16,397 22,t09 10, r99 12,579 10,348 7.6 Valuation Adjustments, Enors and Omissions -t89 730 -1,403 -1,06t 2,9U 4,954 t,908 6,875 7.7 Monetary Movemen! 1,224 3,339 r,905 -7,480 -10,1210 -9,469 -24,t49 -t7,166

8. Investment/GDP Ratio, 7o 23.3 22.8 2t.7 22.2 22.9 24.3 25.6 27.0

9. Domestic Savings/GDP Ratio, 7o | 2.8 12.o t2.2 t4.3 12.8 D 15.0 t6.2 15.2 10. National Savings/GDP rt Ratio,Vo r5.3 14.2 14.6 r6.8 15.2 17.9 20.3 l9.l I I Saving-Investment I l. Gap/GDP Ratio, 7o -8 -8.5 -7.1 -5.4 -7.6 -6.3 -5.3 -7.9

(a) Provisional Source: Central Bank ofSri Lanka. 20 4.1 AGRICTJLTURE: SRI LANKA COMPARED WITH SELECTED COUNTRIES

Ref. Sri Bangla- Myan- Cam- India Indo- Rep.of Malay- Nepal Pakis- Phili- Thai- Item Year Lanka desh mar bodia nesia Korea sia tan ppines land

17.2 27.4 30.8 39.4 l. Cropped Land/Total Land Area Vo 1992 29.5 69.5 r5.3 r3.6 57.1 12.4 2t.o t4.9 2. Inigated Agricultural Land / Total Land Area%o t99 l 8.2 23.4 1.5 0.5 15.4 4.5 r3.5 l.l 7.8 22.5 5.3 8.6 33.5 26.4 3. Forest and Wood Land/Total Land Area Vo t992 32.5 14.5 49.3 65.7 23.O 59.9 65.5 58.9 39. I 5.3

4. Cropped Land Per Capita Ha. 1992 0.1 I 0.08 0.23 o.27 0. r9 0.12 0.05 o.26 0.1 I o.17 0.l4 o.36

5. Share of Agriculture in G.D.P. % 1993 20.9 35.9 47.1 46.9 30.0 t8.9 7.4 t5.9 43.O 24.1 22.8 I t.7

6. General Index of Agricultural Production 1979-81=100 1994 102 132 t4 l8l 165 t77 lt7 225 t66 176 123 133

7. Paddy Harvested Area /World Paddy Harvested AreaVo 1994 0.61 6.60 4.34 l.14 27.83 7.20 0.78 0.44 o.97 t.48 2.25 5.75

8. Paddy Production / World Paddy hoduction 7o 1994 0.51 5.20 3.60 0.34 22.19 8.84 1.33 0.36 o.62 1.04 1.92 3.48 9. Yietd of Paddy per Hectare Kgs. 1994 3,363 2,796 2,942 r,059 2,834 4,366 6,083 2,923 2,276 2,500 3,030 2,t50

10. Index of Per Capita Food Production 106 l13 89 109 (1979-1981 = 100) t992 8l 94 99 136 124 r38 r05 170

I l. Economically Active Population in Agriculture (As a % of Economically Active Population) t992 51.4 67.2 45.7 69.4 65.8 46.7 22.6 30.3 91.4 48.7 45.9 63.0

No@: Wtrtd piddy Huvcatcd ArEr l49,l l6ThoNand Hccbrcs Sourc6: K.y lndiclbls ofDd.loPing A8i!n.nd Prcific Co ri..-l99s,ADB wdld Prddi Yicld: 3,s54 Ks.. Fr Hcct rc FAO Y.ubook' 192. Wdld Prddy koduction : 529,960 Tlousand M.T. 2T 4.2 PADDY 1986 - t99,4

Item Unit r9t6 r9t7 l9Et r9t9 l990 l9!,l 1992 1993 r99l(a)

l. Area Sown '000 Ha. 895 78 I 868 727 857 8t7 803 835 930 Maha '000 Ha. f)) 508 s45 469 531 501 548 546 581 Yala '000 Ha. 340 273 323 2s8 326 316 255 289 349 Irrigated Area '000 Ha. 607 524 592 493 520 496 515 584 930 Major '000 Ha. 408 37 1 400 355 352 335 344 409 470 Minor '000 Ha. t98 153 192 t38 168 r6l l7l t75 2t3 Rain fed Area '000 Ha. 288 257 276 234 270 219' 221 t68 247 2. Area Under Improved Varieties '000 Ha. 859 769 843 707 708 744 627 708 803 3. Gross Area Harvested '000 Ha. 835 679 816 690 828 791 766 820 897 Maha '000 Ha. 527 433 499 440 5t9 483 523 538 561 Yala '000 Ha. 308 246 317 250 309 308 243 2E2 336 4. hoduction '000 MT 2,588 2,127 2,477 2,063 2,538 2,389 2,340 2,570 2,684 Maha '000 MT r,688 1,392 1,525 1,342 t,647 t,554 1,630 r,692 r,670 Yala '000 MT 900 735 952 721 891 835 7r0 878 1,014 5. Yield per Hectare Kgs. 3,500 3,564 3,413 3,374 3,453 3,398 3,428 3,51 I 3,363 Maha Kgs. 3,585 3,678 3,440 3,429 3,564 3,620 3,5t2 3,516 3,345 Yala Kgs. 3,287 3,362 3,370 3,279 3,265 3,048 3,252 3,481 3,393 6. Fertilizer Issues '000 MT 197 15l 204 156 t44 179 208 248 263 Maha '000 MT t24 U5 134 105 98 Yala '000 MT 73 36 7A 5l 46 7. Credit Granted for Paddy Cultivation Rs. Mn. 190 262 245 207 361 734 618 603 844 Maha Rs. Mn. r0l r83 190 l19 206 5t2 484 418 633 Yala Rs. Mn. 89 79 55 88 155 222 t34 185 2ll 8. Prices Guaranteed Price Rs. Bushel 70 70 80 80 il0 r36 136 t47 155 Open Markct Price Rs. Bushel 84.20 88.23 92.30 127;t0 162.63 166.41 178.76 t82.s9 167.64 9. Insurance Area Insured '000 Ha. 52 68 53 37 40 54 39 33 39 Total Premium Collected Rs. Mn. t4 t8 l5 9 l0 t4 l0 t4 t7 Total Indemnitics Paid Rs. Mn. 29 A1 2l ll 90 9 7 6 27 l0.Rice Imports '000 MT 231 113 2t0 316 t72 133 237 209 58 Import Price (C & F) Rs. per MT 4,554 6,086 8,593 r0,750 10,224 I 1,950 t2,021 n,426 lt,2t6 I l. Value Addcd (Growing Only) Rs. Mn. 9,992 8,393 9,420 9,495 15,088 17,080 19,659 21,586 21,241 12.Value Added/GDP Vo 6.1 4.7 4.6 4.2 5.2 5.1 5.1 4.8 4.0

(a) Provisional Sources: Department of Census and Statistics Central Bank of Sri Lanka. 22 4.3 TEA l9B5 - 1994

Itcm Unit r9$ l9t6 l9E7 19tt l9t9 1990 l99l 1992 1993 19%(a)

l. Area Hectares 23 I,6s0 222,905 221,498 221,68J 222,1O 22t,758 22t,691 22t,E36 n.a. n.4. l.l High Grown (b) Hectares 66,&3 6s,018 @,484 @,507 64,580 73, I 38 73,331 9,564 n.a. n.a. 1.2 Medium Grown (b) Hectares 65,454 6 r ,083 60,192 59,865 59,6 r 6 81,223 82,467 57,418 n.a. n.4. 1.3 Low Grcwn (b) Hectares 43,287 39,558 38,806 38,688 38,657 65,397 65,893 34,483 n.a. n,a. 2. Replanted Area Hectares t,672 1,6t8 1,503 1,592 1,55 1 I,586 1,173 t,4t7 1,3 I I r,239 3. Subsidies Rs. Mn. 27.7 21.2 24.6 22.8 t4.4 79.3 n.a. 73.4 79.0 74.9 4. Fertilizer Issues (wholesale) MT'000 t49.9 128.8 136.1 138.0 t26.2 t34.1 I 18.9 l t0.2 t47.2 124.5 Factorics No. 696 705 659 692 701 629 63s 609 s92 559 5.1 High Grown No. 202 201 t87 194 195 175 169 165 165 153 5.2 Medium Grown No. 213 2t6 l9l 203 202 168 165 t49 l4l 130 5.3 [.ow Grown No. 281 288 281 295 304 286 301 295 286 276 6. Production Mn. Kgs. 214.t 2t 1.3 2t3.3 226.9 207.O 233.1 240.7 t78.9 23t.9 242.2 6.1 High Grown Mn. Kgs. 78.8 71.1 7f .5 76.8 74.1 76.1 73.2 53.7 12.6 76.7 6.2 Medium Grown Mn. Kgs. s{? s3.3 53.4 s4.J s0.0 51.9 51.3 37.9 47.2 47.4 6.3 lnw Grown Mn. Kgs. 80. l 80.9 86.3 95.8 82.9 105. I n6.2 87.3 l\2.1 lt8.l '13.83 7. CostofProduction Rs./Kg. 35.00 n.a. n.a. 43.98 49.70 60.5 I 60.68 72.26 75.81 8. Colombo Auction Price Rs./Kg. 39.01 30.68 39.30 42.77 54.61 70.97 58.27 6t.7s 69.27 6s.12 8.1 High Grown Rs./Kg- 39.55 3 r.58 38.76 44.88 55.85 68.12 57.41 66.45 68.34 66.30 8.2 Medium Grown Rs./Kg. 35.93 28.49 35.09 40.7f 49.33 62.61 5l.53 54.84 63.s7 57.93 8.3 lnw Grown Rs./Kg. 40.60 f| .26 42.46 42.36 56.97 77.33 61.?5 61.90 7 t.49 67.38 t72.9 2t5.1 223.7 9. Quantity Sold at Colombo Auctions Mn. Kgs. t91.3 203.3 208.2 209.1 t93.7 216.9 226.2 9.1 High Grown Mn. Kgs. 7 t.1 69.2 70.9 6.2 66.4 70.4 68.0 51.9 67.1 68. I 9.2 Mcdium Grown Mn. Kgs. 50.8 50.9 52.9 50.2 49.0 49.1 46.6 34.6 42.0 44.6 9.3 Low Grown Mn. Kgs. 75.4 83.2 E4.4 92.7 78.3 97.4 I I t.6 86.4 104. r lll.0 10. Exports Value Rs. Mn. t2,0{J2.8 9,2s2.8 10,653.5 t2,298.7 t3,663.9 19,823.3 r7,866.8 14,893.4 19,91 l . I 20,963.7 218.4 229.6 l0.l Exports Quantity Mn. Kgs. 197.9 207.8 20 t.1 2 r9.8 204.2 2t6.0 2t2.4 181.7 10.2 F.O.B. Price Rs./Kg. 60.62 44.52 52.97 55.95 6.91 91.78 84.34 8 t.98 9t. t6 91.32 93.72 I l. tondon Market Price per Kg. New Pence 155.65 I | 5.67 l08.34 106.43 t27.44 I 14. t0 100.28 l0?.35 t04.03 Rs. 6l .59 48.35 61.94 62.88 82.88 86.2s 79.80 74.53 76.46 73.15 12. Taxes collected from Tea Rs. Mn. 2,2t3.6 996.1 I,ls2.l 872.O 628.8 l,601 .0 492.0 360.0 23.0 n.a. 12.l Specific Tax Rs. Mn. l,t8t.7 934.1 890. I 608.0 273.5 290.0 194.0 134.0 23.O n.a. n.a. 12.2 Advalorem Tax Rs. Mn. 1,03 t .9 62.0 262.0 267.O 355.3 l,3ll.0 298.0 226.0 n.a. 4.4 3.4 2.0 2.4 2.3 f 3. Vafue added,% of GDP Vo 5.6 4.5 5.5 5.1 4.5 (Growing & Processing) 14. Domestic Consumption (c) Mn. Kgs. 22.4 20.8 2t.l 2l 4 21.7 2l 9 22.3 22.s 22.8 23.t (r) prcviri@t (b) TIF .rr.nr Eli.icr.d o mrll hotdinS. i bt ircludcd (c) E.iNr.d Hour.hold cd.unptid soE.t: c.nErl Bdk of sri b .. ;.i. - Nor ^v.ir.br. *"Hh"11""flonn". o,"ou*, 23 4.4 RT BBER 1986 - r9B,4

Item Unit 1986 1987 r988 l9E9 1990 1991 1992 r993 r99{(r) l. Area l. I Under cultivation Hectares 202,701 201,861 200,248 199,648 t99,048 198,451 t94,550 t92,348 191,554 l.l Under Tapping Hectares 149,9 r 8 147,484 145,495 t47,285 t46,32s 147,048 146,265 t45,927 l5 1,588 1.2 High Yielding Hectares t87,664 t90,629 t96,252 197,200 I 97,350 197,672 n.a, t43,l3l n.ar. 2. Area Replanted Hectares 5,91 I 5,63s 4,167 6,141 5,202 5,190 3,9 l8 2,418 2,676 3. Area Newly Planted Hectares 1,706 1,720 I,508 t,241 t,290 I,803 9t4 907(c) 670(c) 4. Subsidies for Replanting Rs. Mn. r06.0 96.0 87.6 92.7 l t4.0 106.3 96.7 107.9 85.9 5. Fertilizer Issues (wholesale) MT 26,258 24,706 2s,063 22,036 21,246 13,686 13, r06 17,883 t6,144 6. Average Yield per Hectare kgs. 919 826 841 752 773 706 725 7t4 692 7. Cost of Production (b) Rs./Kg. t3;10 13.95 t3.41 15.06 17.92 19.l I 20.50 23.00 24.90 8. Total Production Mn. Kgs. 137.8 121.8 t22.4 I10.07 il3.1 103.9 t06. l t04.2 r05.3 8.1 Smoked Sheer Mn. Kgs. 62.5 55.6 62.8 54.3 58.6 51.3 44.4 43.7 q.9 8.2 Sole Crepe Mn. Kgs. 4.4 4.7 3.0 2.6 3.7 2.4 3.6 3.8 3.9 8.3 Scrap Crepe Mn. Kgs. 7.4 9.1 5.0 3.7 5.0 7.4 5.6 4.1 4.4 8.4 Iatex Crepe Mn. Kgs. 43.5 35. I 33.6 3l.3 29.1 28.7 24.9 25.1 30.0 8.5 Latex Mn. Kgs. 5.8 5.7 3.8 4.8 6.7 1.2 t2.2 13. I t4.s 8.6 Technically Specified Rubber Mn. Kgs. 14.3 I 1.6 t4.2 t4.0 9.9 6.7 15.5 13.9 I I.6 9. Local Consumption Mn. Kgs. t6.4 t 9.3 19.9 2t.0 23.6 26.7 28.8 32.8 36.4 10. Rubber Stocks Mn. Kgs. 2J.6 20.0 23.2 26.9 29.8 t7.3 r6.0 t7.2 t6.4 l l. Erport Value Rs. Mn. 2,622.0 2,929.3 3,705.9 3,1 t2.r 3,080.2 2,641.2 2,9s9.9 3,086.3 3,582.2 12. Erport Volume Mn. Kgs. I10.0 106.0 99.3 86.0 86.8 76.4 78.6 69.6 69. I 13. F.O.B. Price Rs./Kg. 23.83 27.63 37.33 36. l8 35.50 t3.53 37.9 44.34 5t.El 14. Export Disribution 14.l Pcople's Republic ofChina Mn. Kgs. 9.6 13.8 l t.0 3.2 0.t 0.2 0.1 14.2 U.S.S.R. Kgs. Mn. 10.6 7.1 3.6 2.i 2.4 0.3 0.03 14.3 U.S.A. Mn. Kgs. 8.4 9.2 l3.6 7.1 7.1 5.3 5.8 6-4 5.6 14.4 Poland Mn. Kgs. 3.6 9.5 4.5 7.3 7.3 3.3 9.2 5.2 5.0 14.5 Rumania Mn. Kgs. 3.0 3.0 13.9 2.1 2.2 0.8 0.4 14.6 Pakistan Mn. Kgs. 7.5 8.8 8.9 6.8 6.8 8.2 9.5 9.0 10. I 14.7 Mexico Mn. Kgs. t.4 t.2 t.0 Ll l.l t.2 t.0 0.8 0.7 l4.E Spain Mn. Kgs. t.9 1.9 2.6 t.t t.9 3.2 3.1 14.9 Japan Mn. Kgs. il.1 5.0 3.9 3.1 3.1 3.6 3.5 3.1 3.4 14.10 E.E.C. Countries Kgs. Mn. 27.7 2s.8 2t.6 20.s 20.s 29.0 27.7 t7.7 22.2 14.l I Other Countries Mn. Kgs. 30.2 25.6 31.2 37.7 t7.9 22.3 2l .8 23.2 18.47 15. Value Added(d), % of GDP Vo 1.4 t.4 t.7 t.6 l.l t.0 t.0 0.7 0.9 (.) Prcel.iodrl priv.r. w.i!h.d (i) ctor dly. Som.: tubbcr Conlrct D.pnrEn! o) .v.q. of cdt of_Ftoductior of public lebr st !.., privrE 6trEr (di ri ttu"i't &d pl;cdirB dlr. t-o,nr, sn rrou. uo .ru mErnt.. rroD tyao dw.rd. tE.v.nac i. ior |n. prirri..cc!or,'*tor 24 4.5 COCOI\ruT 1985 - 1994

r993 1994(a) Item Unit r985 l9E6 t9t7 1988 1989 1990 l99r 1992 2,291 1,936 2,484 2,532 2,t84 2,296 2,1& 2,622 I Totaj Coconut Production Mn. Nuts 2,95E 3,039 2 Manufacture of Major Coconut Products t29.5 128.8 60.6 55.0 40.7 039 2. Copra MT'MO 218.5 242.6 125.4 62.O I 32.6 30.2 22.O 600 2.2 Coconut Oil MT'000 t29.8 t4t.3 71.6 34.5 74.6 74.8 55.3 49.30 53.60 39.6 559 2.3 Desiccated Coconut MT'000 <1 ',) 62.6 5 1.4 22.E 46.9 37.4 16.3 15. I I t.0 300 2.4 Poonac MT'OM 64.9 35.8 t7.l 37.3 o.73 0.8 r 0.85 Lll 1.70 |.97 2.O3 2.27 Cost of Production Per '000 Nuts Rs o.64 0.66 4 | 3t,5 l9 23,5E0 28,U2 34,270 36,W4 3r,t55 4. Fertilizer Issues (wholesale) MT 4t,o20 3 r,640 42,173 ,984 5. Export Volume 224.1 57 1.8 49 1.8 364.5 4 t0.4 291.3 430.5 I 5. i Three Major Coconut Products Mn. Nuts 92t.1 1,144.4 544.6 5.9 E.2 '7.2 5.9 4.9 6..5 5. l. l. Copra MT'000 7.5 9.E 9.0 5.4 29.6 2.2 l.l 2.4 2.6 4-5 5. 1.2. Coconut Oil MT'0(n 66. I 85.4 17.3 \J' 43.2 s2.7 46.E 53.3 36.2 53.3 5. 1.3. Desiccated Coconut MT'(nO 60.E 53.2 22.4 t6.3 22.2 24.4 24.E 22.3 22.4 Fresh Nuts Mn. Nuts l0.l 17.8 16.3 l2.l 5.2 E.3 8.9 6.6 t.) Coir Fibre Bristle MT'000 7.8 9.2 E.7 7.5 8.0 6.9 5.3 32.7 3 t.9 22.6 26.6 Coir Fibre Mattress MT'0(n 36.7 45.2 40.6 30.6 35.6 17.7 5.4 I t.3 I t.8 8l 3.0 6.7 5.5 Coconut Shell Charcoal MT'000 23.7 27.7 32.4 13.3 20.7 Exoort Value 1,920.3 1,842.5 1,769.0 2,65E.5 t,837.2 2,464.7 6. Three Major Coconut Products Rs. Mn. 2,383.O l,608.8 1,422.6 895.5 l- 1r9.86 rE6.50 187.9 r66.5 19E.9 6.1.1. Copra Rs. Mn. 99.1 E7.9 79.3 102-.1 147.8 295.5 36.7 104.6 r r5.8 188.6 6.1.2. Coconut Oil Rs. Mn. 950.8 672.5 242.2 175. r 749.4 t,o23.l t,427.1 t,545.E 2,366.O I,554.9 2,077.2 6. 1.3. Desiccated Coconut Rs. Mn. r,333. r 848.4 |,lot.l 618.3 10 t25.37 152.31 2 16. l0 224.4 220.9 Fresh Nuts Rs. Mn. 36.3 88.2 lt2.l 70.5 90. 6.2 r30.40 197.20 r80.3 19t.4 Coir Fibre Bristle Rs. Mn. r06.6 130.9 126.1 13 1.5 178.8 130.02 6.3 2 15.95 235.40 174.9 254.3 6.4 Coir Fibre Mattress Rs. Mn. 144.3 t79.9 168.5 r 30.9 199.6 263.16 9t.92 99.92 82.50 3E. I 75.9 6.5 Coconut Shell Charcoal Rs. Mn. 127.8 t02.3 145.6 87.2 r58.44 7 F.O.B. Price per kg. 16.53 24.31 f2.12 33.73 30.68 Copra Rs. r3.90 8.72 8.82 17.46 17.92 7.1 34.70 43. t0 44.E6 4t.64 Coconut Oil Rs. 14.10 8.29 14.7 | 32.73 25.26 23.43 7.2 23.68 27.N 32.83 44.43 42.92 38.9E 7.3 Desiccated Coconut Rs. 25.t6 14. lE 20.6E 27.57 | 5.54 5.65 6.23 8.72 10.05 8.69 7.4 Fresh NutE (Per Nut) Rs. 3.59 1.57 2.E0 5.8 | 15.76 22.t8 27.49 26.28 Coir Fibre Bristle Rs. 13.63 14.27 14.45 r7.55 22.49 8.85 7.5 6.62 7.37 7.73 9.5E 7.6 Coir Fibre Mattress Rs. 3.97 3.98 4. l5 4.27 5.61 6.99 8. t2 8.43 10.21 12.70 n.26 7.7 Coconut Shell Charcoal Rs. 5.40 f .70 4.48 6.53 7.66 Local Market Price kg. Per t3.67 t3.11 22 2E 27.47 33.56 2E.60 Copra No. I Rs. 9.35 5.88 t2.53 19.79 8.1 07 4t.23 44.13 37.5? Coconut Oil Rs. 14.9'l 8.26 t6.75 30.80 19.05 18.36 3l 8.2 22.33 26 t5 39.17 39.23 35.95 8.3 Desiccated Coconut Rs. t2.31 10.01 18.30 2J.Ol 19.46 4.00 3. 15 3.7s 470 6.32 7.53 6.29 9. Price of aFresh Nut (Retail) Rs. 2. r8 r.46 2.64 28 1.9 25 3.1 26 2.4 10. Value Added as % of CDP (b) % 3.3 2.6 2.6 2.7 1,701 l,896 2,01E t,795 r,859 1.847 I,982 I l. Domestic Consumption (c) Mn. Nuts 2,O27 T,E77 |,731

(a) Provisional (b) In growing and processing only. Sources : Coconut Marketing Board' iriii."t.a nouseholdionsrimpiio,ioiCd"onur*f,Coc'onut oil. coconut cultivaton Board' i"j Customs' Sri Lanka' 1982 Agriculiural census shows that there were 416,253 Hectares of coconut land' Coconut Development AuthoritY. 4.6 oTHER FOOD CROPS rgffi - 1994

Crop Unit 1986 t987 1988 1989 1990 L99l t992 1993 19%(a) l. Area Hectare 2r8249 226,945 259,C29 198,973 2722r3 244,149 240,n6 214,193 2rr39S l. I Manioc Hectare 27,631 28,344 31,847 25,O78 40,329 39,726 34,166 1.2 Maize Hectare 36,388 39,199 50,429 37, I 50 47,885 40, l s9 47,O87 49,863 54,541 1.3 Chillies Hectare 39,893 26,409 32,690 26,952 38,095 34,176 3 |,399 42,753 36,453 1.4 Red Onions Hectare 8,637 t0,998 I l,035 10,223 8,485 6,269 8,t47 8,752 7,537 1.5 Ground Nuts Hectare r0,250 8,827 t2,535 10,345 I I,653 r 0,1 39 9,583 10,615 14,046 1.6 Green Gram Hectare 24,444 34,839 33,465 25,141 38, I 07 42,683 48,445 33, I 85 28,891 1.7 Soya Beans Hectare 6,307 6,685 8,341 4,662 5,868 2,852 2,O20 t,479 2,456 1.8 Potatoes Hectare 7,880 7,099 6,600 6,839 7,699 3,499 5,310 7,733 8,480 1.9 Bombay Onions Hectare 515 439 623 988 1,776 2,400 2,460 3,514 7,806 l.l0 Kurakkan Hectare 11,422 10,350 I r,08 t 5,070 7,248 7,298 6,661 6,440 7,17 | l.l I Gingelly Hectare | 1,522 t7363 t7,547 15,618 t7,731 16,322 t0,750 I 1,8 18 5,320 1.12 lleneri Hectare 578 497 338 l5l l,300 1.392 330 n.a. n.a. l.l3 Cowpea Hectare 22,693 21,844 24,880 r9,883 28,t41 27,602 25,859 22,341 2t,348 l.l4 BlackGram Hectare t0,I t9 t4,052 18,218 r0,873 17,832 10,232 8,759 15,700 r7,340

Production MT E52,004 732249 891,914 338,556 619,415 639,30E 610,035 403,634 416,071 2.1 Manioc MT 503,095 353,064 489,250 27,610 253,985 358,808 30 I,878 n.a. n.a, 2-2 Maize MT 40,619 45,336 70,569 36,425 63,9t4 48,500 46,933 69,268 67,246 2.3 Chillies MT 46,05 | 27,624 40,274 30,044 39,147 3l,600 23,540 40,425 3l,050 2.4 Red Onions MT 76,485 n2,@4 113,265 r07,689 73,956 5 1,300 87,030 90,990 82,279 2.5 Ground Nuts MT 9,82'l t7,206 I t,909 8,832 9,652 10,300 9,800 12,299 16,265 2.6 Green Gram MT 17,227 23,O72 23,097 19,324 29,697 30,700 23,s58 26,42s 22,892 2.7 Soya Beans MT 7,326 r0,r50 9,890 2,906 7,3tO 2,900 2,497 2, r85 3,216 2.8 Potatoes MT r08, r00 9l,609 78,2N 93,701 84,34'l 42,200 45,054 77,163 70,583 2.9 Bombay Onions MT 5,586 4,2t5 6,826 I r,099 18,777 2t,400 27,639 38,023 8t,412 2.10 Kurakkan MT 6,515 6,832 7,858 3,607 4,460 5,000 4,796 4,627 5,090 2.ll Gingelly MT 6,338 10,328 8,994 3,465 7,320 l 1,800 9,375 6,073 3,540 2. 12 Meneri MT 238 267 194 t00 n.a. n.a, n.a. n.a, n.a, 2.13 Cowpea MT 16,832 17,431 18,072 14,933 19,460 2t,600 2t,635 20,024 18,008 2. 14 Black Gram MT 7.765 12.611 t3,156 6,531 7,390 3,200 6,300 16.t32 t4,490

(a) hovisional Sources: Ministry of Agricultural Development & Research, Department of Census and Statistics. 26 4.7 MrNOR EXPORT CROPS r9ff - 1994 d

Item Unit l9t6 1987 l9tE l9E9 l99l) t99l 1992 t993 19%(s)

l. Cultivated Area l.l Cocoa Hectares 8,320 8,620 8,750 8,650 8,570 8,660 8,530 5,470 5,714 1.2 Cinnamon Heclares 20,720 2l,060 20,360 20,420 20,190 20,310 20,21o 24,257 24,216 1.3 Cardamoms Hectares 5,2t0 4,330 4,350 4,450 4,390 4,440 4,5t0 4,487 4,509 1.4 Cloves Hectares 4,952 5,775 5,898 6,M6 5,9'l 5,876 6,146 10,6r9 10,778 1.5 Pepper Hectares 13,2 | 0 r5,010 15,620 15,940 | 5,600 17,000 | 7, 190 25,840 25,590 2. hoduction 2.1 Cocoa MT 3,700 3,600 3,600 3,900 4,2N 4,700 4,100 3,338 3,414 2.2 Cinnamon MT 9,300 9,400 9,700 r0,200 10,500 9,900 10,500 12,232 rt,923 2.3 Cardamoms MT ,r00 300 300 300 500 800 1,000 1,0r 7 1,068 2.4 Cloves MT 7t0 ul |,052 |,179 l,351 |,354 1,799 3,489 3,449 2.5 Peppr MT 5,600 6"1'00 6,800 8,500 8,700 9,900 | 0,900 t4,627 t4,7t2 3. Exporb - Quantity 3.1 Cocoa MT 672 8t4 135 t2l t68 75 t5 53 l5 3.2 Cardamoms MT 272 192 139 126 34 29 2l l4 26 3.3 Pepper MT |,271 2,015 2,692 1,576 r,309 2,074 2,153 7,939 3,490 3.4 Cloves MT 740 492 2,251 312 2,292 1,O37 t,t t4 r,688 850 3.5 Cinnamon MT 7,589 7,505 6,8r0 7,493 6,5r2 7,889 8,238 8,755 I1,040 3.6 Coffee MT 2,&O 851 4,202 r,805 t,244 2,660 1,652 l,009 4,371 3.7 Cashcw Nuts MT s03 I,034 t,t 16 t,328 1,281 l,lo2 t,062 r,384 390 3.8 Nutmeg & Mace MT 386 286 490 390 270 486 815 784 666 3.9 Unmanufactured Tobacco MT 414 4t6 7t8 60r |,333 1,808 3,935 3,8r8 3,540 4. Exports - Value 4.1 Cocoa Rs. Mn. 34.1 43.1 7.5 6.0 6.6 2.9 1.2 2.7 0.9 4.2 Car&moms Rs. Mn. 9.4 35. t 22.O 19.4 9.8 6.9 6.2 7.6 t0.8 4.3 Pepper Rs. Mn. | 59.6 285.8 291.5 t5t.7 I r7.8 140.4 122.5 396.1 317.0 4.4 Clovcs Rs. Mn. t6t.9 42.7 252.7 16.0 233.7 63.7 6l 71.9 41.3 4.5 Cinnamon Rs. Mn. 327.9 445.2 674.7 r,057.9 | ,r 87.9 1,436.2 r,523.9 t,&5.2 1,626.r 4.6 Coffee Rs. Mn. 225 45 232 94 38 76 49 44 375 4.7 Cashew Nuts Rs. Mn. 9l t96 208 244 277 290 236 342 lt2 4.8 Nutmeg & Mace Rs. Mn. 24.7 36.9 59.3 46.0 22.7 24.4 47.2 35.6 39.1 4.9 Unmanufactured Tobacco Rs. Mn. 22 t3t 63 79 t52 243 1,709 r,749 1,613 5. F.O.B. Prlce per Kilo 5.1 Cocoa Rs. 50.74 52.95 55.55 49.59 39.29 38.67 80.00 50.94 60.00 5.2 Cardamoms Rs. 236.76 | 82.8 | 158.27 151.97 288.23 237.93 295.2 542.86 4 | 5.38 5.3 Pepper Rs. t25.57 r4r.84 r08.28 96.26 89.99 67.70 56.90 49.89 90.83 5.4 Cloves Rs. 218.78 86.79 1t2.26 5 t.28 r0r.96 6t.43 54.76 42.59 48.59 5.5 Cinnamon Rs. 43.21 59.32 99.O7 t4t.t 8 t82.42 l82.05 185.0r 187.9 | t42.29 5.6 Coffee Rs. 8s.23 52.88 55.21 52.08 30.55 2E.57 29.66 43.61 85.79 5.7 Cashe.w Nuts Rs. | 80.9 | r89.55 186.38 183.73 216.24 263.16 222.22 247.r1 287.t8 5.8 Nutmeg & Mace Rs. 63.98 t29.O2 tzt.o2 n7.95 84.O7 50.2r 57.91 45.41 58.7 | 5.9 Unmanufacturcd Tobacco Rs. 53. l4 74.52 t28.57 t3 t .45 l r4.03 t34.40 434.31 458.09 455.65 (a) Provisional Sources : Central Bank of Sri Lanka, Department of Census and Statistics, Customs. Sri Lanka. 27 4.8 rrsH AND LWESTOCK 19t6 - l99l

Item Unit 19E6 1987 r988 19E9 r990 r9Dr 1992 r993 r9%(a)

Fish hoduction MT 183,056 190,002 197,536 205,286 t77,063 198,063 206, 168 220,900 224,n0 l.l Coastal MT 144',266 149,278 155,099 t57,4tt t34,132 159, l5 l 163,168 169,900 174,500 1.2 Deep Sea and Off-shore MT 3,400 4,259 4,425 8,155 I1,666 15,080 22,OW 33,000 37,s00 1.3 Inland MT 35,390 36,405 38,0l2 39,720 31,265 23,832 2r,000 t8,000 12,000 2. Import of Fish Products 2.1 Quantity - Dried Fish MT 24,094 30,36s 30,588 34,855 38,350 43,894 4,834 66,r80 47,620 - Other MT 8,362 7,749 r5,007 18,189 9,652 9,s37 t2,2tl t2,874 14,055 2.2 Yalue - Dried Fish Rs. Mn. 626 755 942 1,003 1,312 1,686 I,804 1,932 2,W3 - Other Rs. Mn. 212 193 194 3t7 427 4U &3 524 863 3. Cattle 3.1 Population No.'000 t,783 1,808 t,788 1,820 t,773 1,477 1,604 t,704 1,7o3 3.2 Slaughtered No.'000 194 184 163 l5t t52 t7l 190 179 195 3.3 Production of Milk Lit.'000 128,001 157,969 162,155 172,859 2r5,792 208,822 232,665 24.r'.,567 250,499 4. Buffaloes 4.1 Population No.'000 9& 1008 963 967 958 825 897 794 79r 4.2 Production of Milk Lit.'000 49,960 62,919 63,497 65,34 7s,961 70,889 85,294 8l,l t9 81,800 5. Sheep and Goats 5.1 Population 5.1.1 Sheep No.'000 29 28 28 30 26 20 22 20 20 5.1.2 Goats No.'fi)0 534 503 5r0 518 522 4ffi s28 583 s88 5.2 Slaughtered (sheep & Goats) No.'000 t2l ill 104 96 83 79 t02 109 129 6. Pigs 6.1 Population No.'000 86 97 95 94 85 84 9l 90 94 6.2 Slaughtered No.'000 t6 20 2l l9 23 3l 33 23 28 7. Poultra 7.1 Population No.'000 7,668 8,6r9 8,674 8,833 8,797 8,261 8,852 9,261 9,466 7.2 Production of Esss No.'000 667,m5 814,874 777,7 tO 833,476 8t7,349 784,712 8t2,265 856,824 863,303

(a) Provisional Sources: Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Department of Census and Statistics Central Bank of Sri Lanka 28

4.9 TERTrLIZER 1986 - 1994

Item Unit l9t6 t9t7 r9tt r9t9 1990 l99l 1992 1993 1994(a)

Local Production - Phosphate MT 14,969 21236 23,100 24ASt 32559 19,6E9 25,717 30,167 26,ffi 2. Imports

2.1 Quantity MT 423,189 382,t99 546, r08 3&9t9 507,731 385,019 369,533 479,367 459,389 2.2 Yalue Rs. Mn. 1,401.0 1,269.9 2,459.4 1,800.4 2,984.7 2,567 2,520 3,232 3,382 (wholesale) 3. Issues MT 497,059 s(M,,726 525,16 522,\M 437,129 453,770 4ils,E22 5/,9,t20 s2l,Kl Paddy 3.1 MT 232,6t7 2t7,120 226,198 240,t55 t6t,230 r79,306 207,793 v17,973 263,222 3.2 Tea MT t28,849 136,653 138,001 126,285 134,125 I18,933 n0,254 t47,195 t24,5tl 3.3 Rubber MT 26,258 24,7M 25,063 22,036 22,246 r3,686 13,106 17,883 t7,t4 3.4 Coconut MT 31,640 42,173 4t,984 38,519 23,581 28,842 34,270 36,W4 3l,155 3.5 MinorExportCrops MT 2,356 3, r90 4,659 29,285 7,622 tt,o92 7,tr7 7,O2r 5,48 3.6 MinorFoodCrops MT 21,330 22,201 39,600 5,600 46,29 50,702 49,522 4,3N NA75 3.7 Tobacco MT 5,492 7,735 6,123 6,484 6,423 5,310 2,162 9,824 4,37 | 3.E Other MT 48,517 52,948 43,538 53,7Q 35,638 45,899 51,598 38,830 35,535

4. Issues in llPK Nutrients (b) MT'000 r99.9 206.6 206.9 2M.9 17t.2 177.1 r&t.6 213.3 2to2 4.1 Paddy MT'000 108.9 101.7 r0/-2 lll.0 75.7 81.6 93.8 t 10.5 I19.5 4.2 Tea MT'OOO 43.1 45.8 47.5 47.O 47.O 41.7 37.5 50.7 43.5 4.3 Rubber MT'000 9.2 7.7 8.3 8.1 7.9 4.8 4.7 6.3 6.1 4.4 Coconut MT'000 12.2 16.4 t6.7 15.7 9.3 10.8 t2.7 12.8 I1.5 4.5 MinorExportCrops MT'000 0.8 t.l 1.5 t.l 2.5 3.6 2.2 2.4 1.8 4.6 Minor Food Crops MT'000 8.0 8.1 14.5 1.9 16.6 18.0 t7.3 15.6 l4.E 4.7 Tobacco MT'OOO 3.1 7.7 t.0 1.3 0.9 0.5 0.3 3.4 1.5 4.8 Other MT'000 23.8 l8.l 13.2 t 8.8 I1.3 t6.0 r5.l I1.6 I1.6

Use of Subsidy Rs.Mn. 613 49E 599 y7 610.6

(a) hovisional Source: National Fertilizer Secretariat. (b) Estimates 29 4.IO SETTLEMENT AND NEW LAND CULTTVATED T'NDER MAEAWELI PROGRAMME T986 - T994

Item l9t5 t9E7 .19tt l9t9 1990 1991 1992 1993 199|(a)

Settlements (Families) System H 780 t82 t4 9 r,680 l,l5 | 754 283 30 System C 2,151 l,Q7 1,081 t,008 3,427 3,240 2,@5 1,500 332 System B t,260 857 656 324 3,492 1468 l7 t6 ,,:, 841 System G 583 274 85 1,305 36 t26 6 Total Families 4,774 2,720 5,106 2,740 8,965 5,985 4,48r 4,973 1,203 New Land Cultivated (Eectares) System H 45,523 34,574 37,677 23,213 4t,236 51,l9l 36,243 45,050 56,477 Paddy 32,432 26,6t2 27,5t1 18,8t5 35,487 38,568 30,s56 31,408 41,155 OtherCrops t3,091 7,962 10,166 4,398 5,749 12,623 5,687 t3,92 r5322 System C 17,226 t9,453 24,581 25,873 32,O92 34,7t3 34,533 41,497 4,016 Paddy t5,727 r8,738 22,773 23,974 28,359 30,ffi 3 t,858 38,378 39,683 Other Crops t,499 7t5 t,808 l,899 3,733 4,O73 2,675 3,t l9 4,333 System B 7,40s l r,854 t5,062 r8,320 2t,n3 2t,898 23,007 26,r8s 38,082 Paddy 7,149 t0,746 14,203 t7,357 t9,928 20,749 21,79 24,469 y,328 Other Crops 2s6 r, t08 859 963 r,185 1,149 r,208 1,716 3,754 System G 6,M6 7,856 8,206 9,281 9,731 5,354 9,146 Paddy 4,576 5,570 5,946 7,248 7,630 5,O76 7,365 Other Crops 1,470 2,296 2,2ffi 2,033 2,101 278 1,781 System L 998 t,223 l5l6 t,t77 r,283 Paddy 483 784 824 726 w OtherCrops 515 439 692 451 439

Total 76,200 85,176 75,6t2 l0/.,720 I18,756 100,653 123,055 139,858 Paddy 59,884 70,057 66,092 9l,505 98,371 90,1 13 102,346 ' I16,010 Other Crops t6.3 | 6 r5,t r9 9,520 t3,215 20,385 10,slCI 20,709 23,848

(a) Provisional Source : Mahaweli Authority of Sri Lanka 30 4JT CI'LTIVATION II)ANS GRAIYTED IJNDER REFINANCE CREDIT SCffiMES (A) ( AS AT 31st DECEMBER, 1994 ) Inens Granted Recoveries Percent ofRecoveries Cultivation Year Paddy OtherCrops All Crops Paddy Other Crops All Crops Paddy OtherCrops All Crops

|973n4 |Lt.2 26.1 t37.3 9.3 16.9 al.2 57.8 &.7 59. I l974n5 86.0 23.4 r0P.4 &.3 t4.9 79.2 74.7 63.7 72.4 |975n6 74.5 30.2 t@'.7 47.6 r 8.5 66.1 63.9 6t.3 63.1 t01.8 58. l 159.9 53.8 30.5 84.3 52.8 s2.5 52.7 '976n7 |'977n8 47.8 I I5.6 563.4 t37.9 4.4 t82.3 30.8 38.4 32.4 l978n9 59.3 20.o 79.3 50.2 17.7 67.9 u.7 88.5 85.6 1979t80 @.2 22.6 82.8 s3.7 20.o 73.7 89.2 88.5 89.0

1980/8 r 84.0 34.4 I t8.4 75.4 30.6 t06.0 89.8 89.0 89.5 l98l/82 1t2.3 28.2 140.5 97.2 24.3 tzt.5 86.6 86.2 86.5

t982t83 t47.5 26.6 174.1 1 30.1 24.O 154. I 88.2 90.3 88.5 r983/84 t72.2 42.1 2t4.3 14/'.3 34.6 178.9 83.8 82.3 83.5 r9ul85 t21.7 3'1.6 t59.3 [email protected] 3t.4 135.5 85.5 83.5 85. l 1985/86 202.5 9 t.5 294.O 175.r 80.8 255.9 86.5 88.3 87.0 l9E6/87 268.6 68.4 337.0 229.3 59.8 289.1 85.4 87.4 85.8 1987/88 24.8 84.9 329.7 20t.7 75.5 277.2 82.4 89.0 84. I t988/89 177.7 70.8 248.5 r5 1.3 62.0 2t3.3 85. I 87.6 85.8 1989/90 290.7 r99.0 489.7 288.4 174.4 462.8 9.2 87.6 94.5 t990l9l 668.2 261.2 929.4 487.4 r95.3 682.7 72.9 74.8 73.5 t99v92 4t7.4 r66.3 583.8 316.4 t38.9 455.3 75.8 83.5 77.9 t992t93 4t 8.5 1E3.2 601.7 326.3 t45.9 472.2 77.9 79.6 78.5 t93t94(b) 385.3 2il.8 597.1 96.0 117.5 2t3.5 25.O 55.5 35.8

(a) t oans upto t973 were granted under the New Agricultural Credit Scheme. From 1973 to Yala 1986 loans had been Sources: People's Bank, granted under the Comprehensive Rural Credit Scheme and since Yala 1986 loans had been granted under the New Bank ofCeylon, Comprehensive Rural Credit Scheme. Hatton National Bank, Indian Overseas Bank, (b) Provisional. Regional Rural Dev. Banks. 3t

5.1 INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES: SRI LANKA COMPARED WITE SELECTED COUNTRIES

Item Reference Sri Bangla- India Indo- Rep. of Malay- Pakis- Phiti- Singa- Thai- Year Lanka desh nesia Korea sia tan ppines PoFe land

t. Share of Manufacturing in GDP (a),7o 1985 14.8 9.9 t9.4 15.8 25.3 t9.7 16.5 25.2 23.6 22.5 t993 l9.l 10.5 2t.3 22.3 29.O 30.0 t 8.3 25.0 27.5 30.6

Electricity Production per capita, Kwh 1985 156 47 24 t27 t,422 955 246 4t6 3,967 ,t68 t993 226 76 382 249 3,275 l,863 398 400 6,539 1,082

3. Imports of Machinery and r985 13.4 r7.3 20.8 35.3 34.2 43.6 26.4 14.0 3t.7 28.1 Transport EquipmenUTotal Imports,% r990 t3.4 t6.5 42.7 34.3 50.0 26.7 25.9 41.7 4t.2 1992 r6.3 t6.2 39.4 35.4 54.4 35.9 28.6 47.9 42.7

Imports of Petroleum and t985 20.3 t2.3 26.6 tt.7 27.O t2.2 t7.6 25.7 29.4 'r7 s Petroleum Products/Total Imports, % r990 l3.3 7.8 25.5 8.6 ll.o 5.1 22.9 l3.8 15.8 9.2 1992 9.t 7.5 25.9 7.5 t3.7 3.6 r6.5 t3.0 12.9 8.1 Index ofProduction 5.1 Mining 1985 = 100 t993 221 136 7l t47 r89 230 2t7 5.2 Manufacturing 1985 = 100 t993 t75 158 255 226 273 157 267 2t7 251 5.3 Electricity 1985 = lfi) t993 143 r86 t8l 223 249 237 2U il8 r9l 262 5.4 Food 1985 = 100 1992 87 l14 t27 t37 r09 r53 137 120 7l r07

(a) Based on Estimates at constant prices with Sources: Key Indicators of Developing Asian and Pacific Countries - ADB 1995 varying base year from country to country. FAO Yearbook- 1992, Central Bank of Sri Lanka. 32

5.2 INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION 1986 - 1994 s.

Categor/Item r9E6 t9t7 r9$ r9t9 r990 t99l Dln r993 r94 (a)

Value of Industrial Production (at Current Prices) 4rAss 4E,540 54,1163 64'907 E5,755 to3,924 135,105 r6Ats 190,543 l.l Food, beverages and tobacco t2,129 \2,962 t4,675 18,458 2t,955 30,003 34,t57 39,7W 45,O54 1.2 Textile,wearing apparel and leather products 12,088 t5,428 18,r66 22,O73 27,930 33,854 53,929 70,057 78,2t1 1.3 Wood and wood products (including furniture) 632 677 640 667 721 802 1,005 1,230 1,601 1.4 Paperandpaper products t,289 t,372 t,492 t,456 1,880 2,2t4 2,5E6 3,438 4,066 1.5 Chemicals, petroleum, coal, rubber and plastic products l r,088 t3,477 13,68 | t2,ul 2t,215 20,140 23,8t7 28,876 34,0r7 1.6 Non-metallic mineral products (except petroleum and coal) 2,O53 2,t56 2,267 6,007 7,554 8,t81 10J82 12,35r 14,580 1.7 Basic metal products 281 307 487 792 r,006 l,2g r,424 1,497 r,909 1.8 Fabricated metal products, machinery and transport equipment t,757 2,006 2,477 3,182 4,199 5,093 s,948 5,9r5 7,t22 1.9 Manufactured Products (n.e.s.) t36 t55 I78 231 296 2,373 2,6s8 3,n2 4,083

Vdue Added in Industry (at Cument Prices) 16,019 rt513 2r,050 4,067 30,9t4 3t,ll4l 50957 ffir76 5epr3 2.1 Food, beverages and tobacco 6,850 7,194 8,22s | 0,t 68 12,06s 15,070 18,668 21,704 24,373 2.2 Textile, wearing apparel and leather products 3,104 4,rc 4,797 5,746 7,t67 8,s42 t4,630 18,994 20,660 2.3 Wood and wood products (including furniture) 393 408 463 496 485 571 671 831 1,081 2.4 Paper and paper products 626 692 751 745 1,019 1,167 r,397 t.912 2,301 2.5 Chemicals, petroleum, coal, rubber and plastic products 2,705 3,37 | 3,827 3,531 2,428 3,199 3,989 4,723 5,758 2.6 Non-metallic mineral producs (except petroleum and coal) l,t t7 I,104 1,308 1,218 4,742 4,905 5,918 7,163 9,272 2.7 Basic metal products 37 49 7l 77 194 248 263 279 356 2.8 Fabricated metal products, machinery and transpon equaPment l,l l6 1,204 1,518 t,969 2,746 3,247 3,629 3,608 4,34 2.9 Manufactured Products (n.e.s.) 7l 82 90 tt7 138 t,@2 I,t96 1,532 1,838

Yalue Added in Industry/GDP (%) (at Curr.ent Prices) 9.E 10.4 10.3 r0.5 r0.7 r1.3 r3.0 13.4 13.4

(a) hovisional Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka 33

5.3 PETROLEUM 1986 - 1994

Item Unit r9E6 1987 l9t8 l9t9 1990 l99r t992 193 1994(a)

t. Crude Oil Imports - Quantity MT'000 1,639 1,779 1,848 t283 t,791 t,637 t,304 t,800 1,9t3 Value (C F) & Rs. Mn. 5,296.4 7,12t.3 6,339.8 5,912.3 t2,425.0 9,732.2 7,748.7 I l,o44.o | 1,682.2 2 Refined Products Imports - Quantity MT'000 147 251 t43 374 125 2t6 662 294 288 Value (C & F) Rs. Mn. 626.4 1,226.8 673.3 2,445.5 t,t49.t 2,475.5 5,526.4 2,553.6 2,446.4 Petroleum Products Processed in Sri Lanka 3.1 Petrol (Super) MT'000 123 l3l ls9 lt9 t79 t37 il3 t@ r86 3.2 Kerosene MT'000 t54 153 t63 t24 t7l l5l t27 t89 192 3.3 Furnace Oil MT'000 559 s96 622 446 583 571 458 5& 603 3.4 Auto Diesel ' MT'000 407 332 417 2s0 463 405 299 533 58t 3.5 Marine and Heavy Diesel MT'000 6l 163 80 39 53 58 63 3l 66 3.6 Aviation Fuel (Avtur) MT'000 97 7l 86 49 t0r 90 69 9l 6l 3.7 Liquid Petroleum Gas MT'000 t6 l8 20 t5 l9 t9 t4 l7 l5 3.8 Asphalts (Bitumen) MT'000 47 JJ 27 26 26 35 28 46 42 3.9 Naptha (Chemical) MT'000 t34 t20 96 58 IJ 85 IJ lr8 3.10 Solvents lt4 MT'000 3.6 3.6 3.7 2.3 4.3 2.4 4.3 3.5 t.5 3. I I Locally Blended Lubrication Oil MT'000 t9.7 20.4 t7.9 2t.l 2t.7 20.9 2t.l Foreign Exchange Earnings from (b) Exports Rs. Mn. 2,345.1 2,578.1 2,263.7 2,387.3 3,982.1 3,338.2 2,776.2 3,587.2 3,979.2 4.1 Marine Diesel Rs. Mn. r88.2 t60.5 148.9 r 58.9 273.7 259.6 190. I 189.1 r80.9 4.2 Aviation Fuel (Avtur & Avgas) Rs. Mn. 558.3 523.6 456.3 507.3 895.7 695.7 669.2 949.1 985.s 4.3 Auto Diesel Rs. Mn. t29.5 r38.8 166.9 t83.8 3t9.6 334.1 4t6.5 4/9.4 458.6 4.4 Naptha Rs. Mn. 427.7 498.9 406.2 363.0 583.6 748.9 583.6 8 t9.3 749.5 4.5 Fumace Oil Rs. Mn. 206.7 r08.3 264.3 286.0 370.5 3 t9.3 15.0 210.7 322.6 4.6 Fuel Oil (Bunkering) Rs. Mn. 794.2 t,t24.l 791.5 886.6 1,531.5 977.8 901.8 969.6 1,282.0 4.7 Exports to Maldives Rs. Mn. 38.5 20.8 29.6 t.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 Marine Lub. etc. Rs. Mn. 2.O 3.1 7.5 2.8 0.0 0.0 (a) Provisional Source: Ceylon Petroleum Corporation (b) Excluding Foreign Exchange earned on Lighterage and Services. u

5.4 ELECTRICITY IglM - 1994

Item Unit t9E4 l9t5 l9t6 19t7 r98t 19t9 1990 t99l rD2 1993 l9%(a) l. Installed Capacity MW 812 949 1,065 1,071 1,208 t.240 1,289 1,289 t,410 1,409 l,w l.l Hydro MW 542 679 801 801 938 968 1,017 1,017 t,t37 t,t37 t,t37 1.2 Thermal MW 270 270 2& 270 270 272 272 272 272 272 272

2. Maximum Demand MW 487 5r5 540 570 594 6r8 ffi 685 742 8r2 910

3. Upits Generated GWh. 2,261 2,464 2,652 2,707 2,799 2,859 3,150 3,376 3,540 3,979 4,365 3.1 Hydro GWh. 2,@l 2,395 2,&5 2,t77 2,s97 2,802 3,145 3,1 16 2,900 3,796 4,089 3.2 Thermal GWh. 170 69 07 530 202 57 05 260 640 r83 275

4. Sales 4.1 Domestic GWh. 317 346 369 382 405 420 514 64 7U 826 928 4.2 Industrial GWh. 791 850 926 867 905 848 1,010 958 I,057 1,223 1,406 4.2. I Small Units GWh. 32 35 36 39 42 43 55 67 76 86 98 4.2.2 Medium Units GWh. 372 4tl 445 450 479 4s9 s99 494 s08 614 705 4.2.3 Large Units GWh. 387 M 445 378 384 346 356 397 333 523 603 4.3 Commercial GWh. 241 280 305 341 358 357 423 466 581 641 s82 4.4 Bulk Supply GWh. 458 502 543 571 601 631 657 572 545 536 609 4.5 Street Lighting GWh. tl t2 t3 l5 t6 l7 t8 22 29 43 40

(a) hovisional Source: Ceylon Electricity Board 35

5.5 TEXTILES 1988 - 1994

Item Unit r988 r989 1990 r991 1992 1993 1994(a) koduction Yarn Mn. Kgs. I t.0 10.I | 1.4 t9.6 22.O 24.4 26.2 Fabric Mn. Kgs. 125.8 130.5 t44.5 l8 1.4 187.3 21t.2 223.2 Garment (Export) Mn. Pcs. l85.5 185.8 2t2.4 24r.8 3 15.8 362.6 4r3.6 Exports Yarn Mn. Kgs. 1.5 8.5 t2.6 t2.6 Rs. Mn. 196.0 439.0 1, r 98.0 r,542.0 1,697.0 Fabric Mn. Sqm. 1.7 9.6 24.6 4t.3 Rs. Mn. zqs.o 357.0 852.0 1,700.0 2,207.0 Garment Mn. Pcs. 185.5 185.8 2t2.4 24t.9 3 15.8 362.6 413.6 Imports Rs. Mn. 13,581.0 16,893.0 24,933.0 31,627.0 49,176.0 62349.0 68,945.0 Yam Mn. Kgs. 7.5 7.3 10.9 l5.l 22.7 24.2 26.5 Rs. Mn. 9t 1.0 r,097.0 1,687.0 3,01 1.0 3,684.0 4,057.0 4,694.0 Fabric Mn. Sqm. 238.5 231.6 269.O 381.1 385.9 466.2 587.7 Rs. Mn. 9,104.0 r0,689.0 t3,824.0 r9,388.0 28,056.0 35,841.0 38,707.0 Fibre Mn. Kgs. l3.l t2.o 13.2 2t.6 25.7 29.7 32.9 Rs. Mn. 674.0 756.0 l,055.0 I,878.0 2,156.0 2,272.0 2,9t4.0 Garment Export Market ( % of Value of Garment Exports) U.S.A. Vo 68.9 66.4 60. I 60.0 63. I 60.6 Germany -/o 9.7 | 1.3 l 1.5 10.5 9.1 U.K. Vo 6.0 8.3 9.1 9.4 t2.0 France Vo 3.8 5.6 5.1 4.2 3.6 Netherland Vo 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.9 3.8 Canada Vo 2.7 2.5 2.0 1.5 2.3 Italy Vo 1.9 1.5 1.5 1.0 l.l

(a) Provisional Source: Ministry of Hand Looms & Textiles Industries 36

5.6 MILK & MILK PRODUCTS 19$ - T994

Item Unit r986 l9E7 r988 r9t9 1990 t99l l9'n r993 19%(a)

MilkCollection Litres'fiX) E0,094 82,685 7E923 7ew rs585 91,81 4,582 t5,614 8,,.96i2 l.l National Milk Board/Milco(b) Litres'000 59,864 6l;506 58,258 52,751 59,309 62,483 43,83'l 42,5Q 41,91I 1.2 Ceylon Cold Stores Ltd. Litres'000 769 798 501 675 821 833 936 1,012 1,054 1.3 International Dairy Products Ltd. (c) Litres'fi)0 7,3t6 7,220 6,516 8,1 l9 6,049 8,0r5 9,654 I1,089 t0,979 1.4 Nestle Lanka Ltd. Litres'000 t2,t45 t3, t6l r3,648 t8,42r 19,407 20,356 28, l 55 30,973 27,Ot8

2. Finished Products

2.1 Liquid Milk Litres'000 t0,650 r3,003 t4,o77 r3,348 13,810 12,025 12,29s 12,781 13,094 2. l.l PasteurisedMilk Litres'(X)0 s,221 7,t67 8,624 7,856 8,234 6,837 7,363 7,732 7,701 2.1.2 Sterilised Milk Lires'000 5,429 5,836 5,453 5,492 5,576 5,188 4,932 5,049 5,393 2.2 Condensed Milk 2.2.1 Condensed Milk (397 gr. Tins) No.'000 8,378 8,45 | 7,133 8,955 7,01I 8,297 5,8r l 2,342 1,966

2.2.2 Condensed Milk Bulk Kgs.'000 333 348 429 362 1,13 1 1,091 1,653 3,266 3,062

2.3 Milk Powder Kgs.'000 r0,4t I t2,752 10,835 I |,456 1,793 12,t96 13,336 14,436 14,875 2.3.1 Highland Kgs.'000 2,95 4,057 3,t37 2,245 2,688 3,t43 3,207 3,019 3,123 2.3.2 Nestle Products Kgs.'000 7,766 8,695 7,698 9,211 8, r05 9,053 to,l29 tt,4t7 rt,752 2.4 Other Products 2.4.l Butter Kgs.'000 298 3r0 48 349 465 438 434 370 398 2.4.2 lceCrearrr Litres'000 t,315 2,offi 2,345 2,542 3,083 3,680 2,23r 2,569 3, r59 2.4.3 YoghurtCups No.'000 2,146 3.934 5,472 5,7 t6 r r,693 15, t56 t4,@5 15,947 17,861

(a) hovisional Sources: Ceylon Cold Stores Ltd., (b) Excluding milk sold to IDPL ( 1.3) Iniernational Dairy Producs Ltd., (c) Including milk purchased from Milk Board/Milco. Milk Industries of I-anka Co. Ltd., Nestle Lanka Ltd. 37

s.7 MTNERALS l9t6 - 1994

Item Unit l9E6 t9t7 r98t l9E9 1990 t99l 1992 1993 1994(a)

1. hecious & Scni hecious Stones Exports l.l Rs. Mn. 652.9 l,24l.o 1,954.0 1,905.8 2,437.1 2,202.8 2,Vt7.O 2,483.9 2,704.2 1.1.1 GemExports Rs. Mn. 6s2.9 1,152.3 1,425.4 t,35t.4 1,840.0 1,568.7 t,62t.o 1,989.8 2,253.6 1.1.2 GeudaExports Rs. Mn. 188.7 528.6 554.4 597.1 634.1 456.0 494.1 450.6 1.2 TouristSales Rs. Mn. 159.4 t77.3 18 t.8 252.2 268.4 63t. I 46,9.6 l,20g.g 1,221.5 1.2.1 By the hivate Sector Rs. Mn. t49. I t&.5 tu.7 233.3 24.2 62r-5 463.1 t,203.8 l,2lg.6 1.2.2 By the Corporation Rs. Mn. 10.3 t2.8 t7.l 18.9 24.2 9.6 6.5 5.1 1.9 2. Graphite 2.1 Production MT 7,453 6,718 6,t32 4,226 5,5s6 6,381 3,307 3,306 2,&0 2.2 Expuls 2.2.1 Quantity MT 8,624 9,43r 8,551 4,t60 4,725 2,r95 1,766 2,430 2,782 2.2.2 Yalw Rs. Mn. 12t.3 132.0 157.0 lll.7 174.3 97.9 60.7 68 70.5 2-2.3 Averrge Price per Metric Ton Rs. t4,072 13,997 18,390 26,674 36,899 43,973 34,3& 27,983 25,34r 2.3 Local Sales 2.3.1 Quantity MT t5l 106 86 74 95 80 90 88 85 2.3.2 Yalue Rs.'0(X) 1,210 t302 999 1,209 2,279 2,t4 2, t08 2,100 2,100 3. Ilnenite

3.1 hoduction MT t29,W l28,4gO 74,305 97,284 66,413 60,861 33,283 60,949 60,465 3.2 Exports

3.2.1 Quantity MT 95,597 106,772 9 t,878 I18,080 74,1 l8 20,500 68,677 63,370 52,122 3.2.2 Yalue Rs. Mn. t02.1 t46.6 t45.6 236.0 t78.2 4t.4 120.3 1t2.7 t09.4 4. Rutile

4. I hoduction MT 8,43 7,234 5,25s 6,06r 5,460 3,085 2,741 2,&3 2,41O 4.2 Exports 4.2. I Quantity MT 7,O57 t3,759 5,230 7,58l t40 2,0r0 2,703 4,375 4.2.2 Yalue Rs. Mn. 73.4 147.2 103.0 t83.6 3.9 26.9 39.6 73.9

(a) Provisional Sources: State Mineral Sands Corporation, State Gem Corporation, State Mining & Mineral Development Corporation. I 38

5.t CERAMTCS 1986 - 1994

Item Unit 19t6 t9t7 r9tt t9E9 1990 1991 r9v2 1993 l9%(a)

l. hoductlon l.l Crockery MT 3,475 3,038 3,379 3,358 4,140 3,889 3,623 3,970 r,982 l.l.l NegomboFactory MT t,410 1,056 |,359 1,315 t,543 1,378 1,300 948 621 l. 1.2 Piliyandala Factory MT 2,065 t,982 2,O20 2,U3 2,597 2,511 2,323 1,922 t,361 1.2 Sanitaryware MT 901 842 l,(x5 868 1,285 t,t37 t,u4 t,o27 902 1.3 Kaolin MT 6,263 6,768 7,097 7,734 7,735 7,737 6,759 7,72r 7,336 1.4 Insulators MT 240 319 3U 348 352 363 458 590 455 1.5 Tiles & Bricks No.'000 22,257 20,281 18,1 19 1,777

2. Sales Rs.'(M) ?a,199 263,182 3t6,,739 304,556 327,t14 362,0U ,gl 122,798 2t5,E5t 2.1 Crockery Rs.'000 r05,496 r23,608 I l0,zl49 14.r',584 192,254 2t3,205 212,474 165,190 144.,422 2.2 Sanitaryware Rs.'000 4t,978 45,207 52,329 49,227 82,954 83,905 80,947 u,378 76,054 2.3 Kaolin Rs.'0OO 16,001 20,493 14,675 23,8m 33,327 4t,526 34,t33 45,741 Q,825 2.4 Insulators Rs.'000 12,363 t6,223 r4,833 15,868 18,579 23,48 19,087 27,489 24,557 2.5 Tiles & Bricks Rs.'@0 68,361 s7,651 60,953 70,987

3. Stocks Rs.'000 3r3sl 213ffi 16,031 15,149 33,140 4rJ6 33,954 4il,ls3 5E,l6l 3.1 Crockery Rs.'000 24,123 6,659 7,768 4,91 22,729 30,355 25,t91 q,4ll 46,998 3.2 Sanitaryware Rs.'000 2,914 2,468 2,167 4,558 6,331 6,590 3,359 2,303 4,U3 3.3 Kaolin Rs.'(M) 299 2,003 8 t,203 1,2& 3,813 3,1 38 2,652 5,251 3.4 Insulators Rs.'000 626 I,t53 2,276 2,8t6 1,008 2,266 t,787 t,w2 3.5 Tiles & Bricks Rs.'000 4,015 9,180 4.935 2,t21

4. Exports 4.1 Gross Foreign Exchange Earnings Rs.'000 3ll I,541 t,7& 1.673 6,422 8,939 14,l88 34,062

(a) Provisional Source: Ceylon Ceramics Corporation, Lanka Ceramics Ltd. 39

5.9 SUGAR IM6 - 9!A

Item Unit l9E6 t9E7 19tt l9E9 l990 l99r r9l 1E)3 r994(a) SugarCane Total Area (with ratoons) l.l Ha. r0,577 10,688 11,657 10,557 r0,534 t2,936 t4,376 t2,890 12,535 1.2 Area Harvested g,69g Ha. 6,4t1 6,615 9,lll 8,1 14 8,289 10,53t l 1095 8,E45 1.3 Cane Harvested MT 38 1,397 323,586 559,657 498,376 453,184 483,725 512,506 617,922 593,804 1.4 Average Yield per Hectare MT 59.49 48.92 61.43 57.29 55.8s s8.36 48.67 55.69 67.13 SugarProduction MT 34,325 29,297 53,521 53,839 57,165 66,450 59,7 tO 68,603 72,274 2.1 Hingurana MT 7,948 8,640 l1,084 14,256 t2,rn 9,374 9,520 l2,gg0 14,058 2.2 Kantale MT 6,728 2,282 t,427 2,305 2,39 2,558 2,392 36 Sevanagala 2.3 MT 6,533 4,t06 I |,038 8,928 9,&l 10,554 13,840 15,895 18,534 Pelwatta 2.4 MT l3,t t6 t4,269 29,972 28,3s0 33,020 43,9& 34,222 39,462 39,682 3. Cost of Sugar Production 3.1 Hingurana Rs-/Kg. 14.74 r5.65 14.82 t7.37 20.85 21.50 3.2 Kantale Rs./Kg. I l.3l 2t.47 4t.54 37.70 40.23 3.3 Sevanagala Rs./Kg. t4.5 t 39.26 r8.25 2r.86 22.21 19.29 19.96 3.4 Pelwatta Rs./Kg. 32.53 32.73 29.30 25.98 20.31 'o:ou 4. Sugar Imports 4.1 Volume MT'000 322 376 319 320 305 358 370 394 491 4.2 Yalue Rs./Mn. t,7& 2,389 2,927 4,326 5,173 5,t39 4,952 5,621 8,875 lmport hice (C&F) 4.3 Rs./MT 5,480 6,348 9,177 13,503 16,943 t4,336 l3,383 t4,t72 r8,075 5. Sugar Availability MT 356,325 405,297 372,521 373,839 362,t65 424,450 429,7tO 462,ffi3 563,275 PerCapita 5.1 Kg. 2t.3 24.O 20.7 20.6 2t.3 24.6 24.7 26.3 31.5 6. Sugar By - Products Gin 6.1 Litres 9,258 3,95 7,636 t6,554 23,153 t5,6t8 15,6r8 n.a. n.a- Brandy 6.2 Litres 25,243 28,129 4t,308 47,989 77,99 43,513 43,5t3 n.4. n.a. Rum 6.3 Litres t0,743 9,362 9,892 t8,214 26,050 I1,816 I 1,8 l6 n.a, n.a. Arrack 6.4 Litres 5,7 t4 7,541 9,509 32,7 )8 39,988 94,237 94,237 n.a. n.a. Vodka 6.5 Litres t,t53 677 2,t92 2,@2 2,124 2,t24 n.a. n.a. (a) hovisional Source: Central Bank Sri Lanka 40

5.IO CEMENT IW - L9B,4

Item Unit l9t6 1987 r9EE r9t9 1990 r99l t9v2 r99t r9%(a)

Locd Production l.l InstalledCapacity MT'000 865 9t9 952 975 975 915 608 677 677 1.2 hoduction Volume MT'000 557 g2 632 596 578 619 653 651 677 Kankasunturai MT'000 6t 32 97 il3 55 Puttalam MT'000 380 430 383 309 398 us 474 M +le Galle MT'000 l16 r80 t52 174 t25 t74 t79 185 20r 1.3 Cost of Production Per MT .1,874 Kankasanturai Rs. 1,684 1,572 t,3t8 t,50r Puttalam Rs. 1,366 l,583 1,622 t,472 1,544 2,17 | 2,422 n.a. n.a. Galle Rs. 1,7 t2 1,470 r,760 2,131 2,&7 3,269 3,272 3,228 3,691 1.4 Sales MT'000 546 &3 629 581 568 628 &9 6s6 677

Imports 2.1 Volume MT'000 274 268 375 402 43 383 482 57r 615 2.2 Yalue Rs. Mn. 537 550 848 437 I,l 14 989 r,373 1,796 2,008 2.3 lmports Price (C&F) per M Rs. t.950 2,O52 2,261 I,087 2,515 2,582 2.849 3,145 3,265

3. Cement Avaitability MT'OOO 83r 910 r007 998 I,O2l t,002 1,135 1,222 r,292 3.1 LocalProduction MT'OOO 557 &2 632 596 578 6r9 653 651 677 3.2 Imports MT'000 274 268 375 Q2 43 383 482 571 615 hiceperMT 4.1 Kankasanturai Rs. 1,920 t,920 1,920 2,7W 3,000 4.2 Puttalam Rs. 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,7N 3,m0 t,iso 3,434 3,630 4,266 4.3 Galle Rs. 2, t00 2,100 2,100 2,800 3,,m0 3,350 3.350 3,880 4,100

(a) Privisional Sources: Puttalam Cement Company Limited Ruhunu Cement ComPanY Limited 4l

5.ll STEEL rg'df - 199,4

Item Unit 1986 L9E7 l9tE l9E9 r990 l99l L9y2 1993 r99f(a) l. hoduction l.l Rolling Mill MT 47,31t 3033E 37,154 32336 33566 4/d,32t 53,904 39,51t ss326 l.l.l Rounds MT 1,264 4,09 | 4,304 3,945 2,444 s,028 3,s03 2,725 4,311 1.1.2 Flats MT 2,461 650 702 2,O38 2,t44 3,314 1,570 4,178 1.1.3 Angles MT 1,484 1.1.4 Ribbed Steel (Tor Steel) MT 43,s93 25,597 32,t48 28,820 29,084 39,672 47,087 35,223 46,837 12 Wire Mill MT 1,0E0 lrffi 1,513 1,5& 2,179 2.41 32rr 2,763 3,5t2 1.2.1 Wirc Drawing MT 781 I,106 1,078 1,070 1,424 t,777 2,03s 1,705 2,51O 1.2.2 Barbed Wire MT 96 t93 394 289 473 413 7& 609 s90 1.2.3 Welded Mesh MT 203 t69 4l 20s 282 251 4t2 49 482 1.3 Foundry MT r53 129 r54 30r 312 r4E 221 t4l 233 1.3.1 Grinding Media MT 27 30 50 46 s3 1.3.2 General Casting MT 99 ll0 88 84 79 75 78 n7 1.3.3 Pig lron MT 20 t97 215 29 95 ,_, 3 1.3.4 Pencil Billets MT 9', 24 I 1.3.5 Stainless Steel MT l5 l3 t0 0l

2. Capacity Utilisation

2.1 Rolling Mill Vo 29 32 39 34 35 50 75 55 77 2.2 Wire Mill 7o 6 9 9 9 t2 t4 5l 44 s8 2.3 Foundry % 6l t7 2l 40 42 20 29 t9 3l

3. Cost of Pnoduction per Metric To 3. I Rolling Mill Rs. 9,O70 9,t55 12,565 l5,685 r8,886 t7,345 t7,t27 21,s87 t9,77 | 3.2 Wire Mill hocess Rs. 17,050 r6,806 29,467 22,43s 24,961 25,472 2t,750 2s,782 24,326 3.3 Foundry Rs. 51,752 74,O79 83,377 4,798 41,545 96,331 82,s87 t29,026 97,789

{. Perconal Strength No. 1,535 r"5r9 1,543 1,515 1,4E6 I,67 1,39E 1,3E4 rtse

(a) Provisional Source: Ceylon Steel Corporation 42

5.12 TYRES 19ff - 1994

Item Unit 19t5 t9E7 l9E6 [n9 1990 t9'tl t9!r2 1993 1994(a) l. Production l.l Value (b) Rs.'000 334,886 350,8214 469,628 466,625 585,046 780,648 594,347 425,9t1 9t9,236 1.2 Standard Tyres (c) No. 18s,007 2t2,337 202,7 t8 200,156 222,726 219,905 t73,028 84,674 t69,6s6 Production Quantity 2.1 Truck Tyres No. 139,629 203,199 208,058 203,@9 232,495 237,t78 74,520 38,355 70,769 2.2 Agricultural Tyres No. 14,106 12,852 1t,925 16,377 15,9t2 r3,054 6,956 5,550 15,763 2.3 Car & Jeep Tyres No. 128,043 86,746 76,992 7t,273 79,358 72,552 tt7,775 49,858 t69,922 2.4 Scooter & Motor Cycle Tyres No. 24,625 37,786 46,403 48,292 54,509 56,403 28,893 8,437 22,660 2.5 Tubes & Flaps No. 207,s53 234,708 246,@4 236,954 252,612 2s8,s4l t75,977 92,090 193, l 50 Sales 3.1 Value (d) Rs.'000 369,540 4t5,812 523,797 579,352 755,362 74,311 856,102 771,663 907,325 3.2 Standard Tyres No. t80,9s4 196,88 l 228,667 208,849 224,808 2t0,742 180,734 68,688 175,309 Sales Quantity 4.1 Truck Tyres No. 140,367 t84,572 241,458 2t6,370 238,884 223,635 73,002 27,269 t90,220 4.2 Agricultural Tyres No. l l,388 14,622 t2,361 t2,652 t3,4t9 10,813 9,725 4,569 16,088 4.3 Car & Jeep Tyres No. 104,600 86,179 tot,446 73,658 73,387 63,629 t76,790 67,364 51,628 4.4 Scooter & Motor Cycle Tyres No. 2s,t70 35,792 48,764 4t,726 6l,363 49,906 37,957 9,841 2s,654 4.5 Tubes & Flaps No. 193,058 22t,225 255,908 242,822 256,356 264,924 226,930 78,420 250,s90 5. Imports of Inputs 5. I Equipment & Machinery with Local Costs Rs.'000 3,q4 7,932 t3,t69 8,608 l1,586 6,662 30,401 4,559 427,998 5.2 Raw Materials - Foreign Component Rs.'(M) 74,310 70,43 I t0,716 124,662 163,498 156,859 t59,923 77,O20 t29,333 5.3 Spares Rs.'000 ,10,000 t2,937 5,264 6,Ot2 3,183 3,975 9,354 6,s07 Personnel Strength No. l,g2o 1,773 l,ylE 1,932 \etn 1,93E I,t60 r"555 1,87 Actual Capacity in Standard Tyres No. 230,000 2t2,W0 2E2,UM 2E2,000 240,E5E 223,443 240,1n0 240,1x10 356,031 t. Capacity Utilisation % 80.r 91.5 t0.6 t0.9 92.5 tr.0 80.0 70.0 78.0

(a) Prcvirionrl Soulcq Sri L3rta Tyrc Corporariot (b) Ncr rcarl.rblc d0!' cash dilcounts. Ketrni Tyrd L!d. (c) A li'tdrrd Tyr€ (ST) h a w€ight rElard me€lurc of volumd STI = 33 KSi. of 6re w.ighl (d) N.t of Bu!i!.r! Turnov.r T.x. 43

5.13 PAPER & PAPER PRODUCTS I9t6' - 1994

Item Unit I9E6 t9E7 19EE 19E9 1990 r991 tw2 1993 1994(a)

Production l. I Paper & Paper Boards MT 26,533 27,O41 24,993 r 8,058 18,883 22,97l 25,9N 36,418 29,955 1.2 Converted ltems MT 470 272 280 138 240 306 287 305 180 1.3 Exercise Books Gross 132 5,403 6,481 l,985 21,424 2,431 5l 6 Sales 2. Paper & Paper Boards I MT 25,369 27,sO3 24,579 17,802 16,680 20,432 24,42 34,550 32,707 2.2 Converted ltems MT 48 284 247 t74 211 2q) 254 220 160 2.3 Exercise Books (b) Gross 33,U1 33,029 36,242 97,762 255,2U 47,2& 9,583 I I,105 2,775 2.4 Imported Paper MT 3l 25 25 108 4m 150 296 6l 3. Stocks 3.1 Paper&PaperBoards MT 3,957 2,652 t,493 967 2,W7 3,522 4,234 5,454 1,8 15 Converted 3.2 ltems MT 67 43 7l 33 24 28 54 47 9 Exercise Books (b) 3.3 Gross 38,406 5,546 46,496 tt,739 61,7W 24,248 23,672 12,49 10,681 3.4 Imported Paper MT 53 27 20 514 359 72 5 4. Capacity Utilisation % 70 72 66 48 50 62 69 78 80

Personnel Strength No. 3,986 3,797 35& 3,685 3,389 3,266 2,767 2,705 2,&5 I)emand for Paper & Paper (c) Boards MT 7t,4N 99,200 85,000 95,000 100,000 r0r,000 120,000 120,000 t64,90

7. Cost of Production per MT Rs. 17, I 88 18,372 2t,793 28,260 29,602 35,000 30,738 3l,881 3r,421

(a) Provisional. Source: National Paper Corporation / National Paper Company Ltd. (b) Local and Imported Exercise Books. (c) Estimated Demand. 4

5.14 BOI (BOARD OF II{VESTMEITfi) ENTERPRISF.! tq9l - 1994

Iivesment Employnent (EndDec.) Exporl Earningp (f.ob) (Rs. Mn.) Category R&Mn (End r99Xe) 1994(a) l. Food, beverages andtobacco 29 877 2,168 2,480 3,W4 4,105 r,235 1,730 2,838 3,032 2. Textile, wearingapparel and leather products 97 8,208 54,2t4 63,r03 r27,65 tu,r3l 14,481 30,488 56,890 60,155 3. Wood and wood products (including furniture) ll 356 52 58 628 1,o74 l0 l8 145 t58 4. Paper and paper products 7 225 t27 150 276 459 9 lll 155 ffiz 5. Chemicals, petroleum, coal rubber and plastic products 47 4,608 5,390 7.,291 to,349 13,378 t,088 2,436 4,114 6,206 6. Non-metallic mineral products, food, beverages and tobacco (except petroleum and coal) 37 2,tn 6,069 6,966 7,270 8,146 r,871 3,315 3,410 4,66 7. Fabricated metal products, machinery and transport equipment l5 452 1,465 1,498 609 8E7 687 994 297 3ll

8. Products not elsewhere specified 68 2,271 l1,053 16,47 21,182 23,433 1,769 8,E58 7,Otz 8,U2

9. Services 138 27,772 4,9t7 6,227 8,805 lo,u7 94 1,180 r,879 3,U2

TOTAL 86,814

(a) Provisional Source: Board of Investment of Sri lanka 45

6.r EXTERNAL IRADE AND FINAI\CE II\DICATORS: SRI LAI\KA COMPARED wITE SELECTED COITNTRIES

I!!n Ref. Srl India Indo- Mday- Pakls- Phili- Slnga- Thal- Japan U.K" u.s.A- Year Lanke neela rla tan pplnec poFs lend

E(pon!, US $ Mn. 1990 1,912 t7,961 25,674 29,45 5,590 8,681 52,527 23,O5t 286,325 185.065 393,590 1993 2,E59 2t,542 36,825 47,@O 6,681 lt,t72 73,%2 37,160 361,5t I lEl,640 4&,170 1994 3,2@ 25,050 40,054 58,563 7,367 t3,252 96,4s7 37,2tr 39s,949 m3,752 512,520 l.l Ratc ofChange, % r993 t6.2 9.8 8.7 15.7 -8.7 14.7 16.5 14.5 6.4 -5.2 3.7 1994 12.2 16.3 8.8 24.4 10.3 r8.6 30.4 0.1 9.5 t2.2 10.3 1.2 Fer Crpite Erports, US $ 1990 t12 2l 143 r,658 50 140 t9,tE2 4lt 2,3tt 3,216 1,575 1993 t62 24 195 2,47 | 54 167 25,7U 634 2,899 3,136 1,800 t994 179 28 208 3,005 5E 193 32,920 626 3,169 1,966 Importr, US3 Mo. r990 2,6E9 23,626 2r,837 29,25O 7,377 13,079 @,583 33,005 233,8r4 225,O33 516990 1y)3 4,005 22,774 2E,0t6 45,617 9,433 18,854 85,160 6,O57 241,22t 206'374 603,440 t994 4,776 26,802 31,985 59,395 8,8m 22,st4 1o2,394 46,367 n4,u5 226,Ot3 689,220 2.1 Retc ofCtangc, % 1993 t4.3 -3.4 2.9 t4.5 0.6 22.2 t8.0 13.2 3.5 -7.l 8.9 1994 t9.2 17.7 13.9 30.2 -5.8 m.o 20.2 o.7 l3.E 9.5 14.2 2.2 Per capita Importr, US $ 1990 t58 28 t22 t,647 66 2tl 22,355 588 1,893 3,909 2,69 1993 227 26 l4E 2,393 77 281 29,672 7t6 t,9v t,563 2,338 1994 2157 30 166 3,U7 70 329 v,947 780 2,196 2,&4

3. Exporl Price hdcx (Bssc. l99O l0O) l99l 1.9 = l0 126 87.9 ,-o, t03.6 I15.0 9s.0 103.3 99.7 r0l.l 100.9 1993 127.5 ,-u, n.4 l15.9 86.4 t05.5 95.6 I t5.4 10t.4 1994 t27.9 135.8 82.9 94.7 l t7.9 t03.6 4. Inpoc hicc Indcx (Bacc 1990 l(x)) = l99l 103.9 lt5 106.E to7.3 t08.0 97.O 104.4 90.6 r01.0 100.0 r99t 122.6 122 t09.4 tt7.6 91.6 105.2 74.5 1il.5 100. I 1994 t29.1 t37.7 90.7 6E.6 tt5.2 t0t.8 Curlcnt Accouat Bdancc, US$ Mn. 1990 -259 -7,O37 -2,9Et -E70 -1,654 -2,695 3, l8l -7,292 35,E?0 -33,.16t -92,9tO 1993 -390 -2,Ot6 -2,8U) -2,936 -3,289 5,173 -5, | 76 l3l,tm - 16,633 -99,690 t994 -7& -2,790 4,t47 I 1,950 4,5E0 t29,2& -2,391 -150,920 6 Tolrl Rcrerves Minus Cold, US Mn. $ r990 423 1,521 7,459 9,754 296 924 27,748 13,305 78,501 35,850 72,260 1993 t,629 10,199 t1,263 27,249 t,tn 4,676 48,34r l 24,473 98,524 36,780 62,350 t994 2,M6 t9,69E t2,133 25,423 2,929 6,0r7 5E,t77 29,312 r25,860 41,0t0 63,280 7. Exchangc Rltc for US $ (a) 1990 .1O.063 r7.504 1,842.8 2.70/-9 21.707 24.3t1 1.8125 25.585 t44.79 0.5()3 1.0 1993 48322 30.493 2,087. I 2.5741 28.tO7 27.t20 1.6 158 25.3t9 t I 1.20 0.6658 t.0 1994 49.4t5 3t.374 2, | 60.8 2.6243 30.567 26.4t7 1.5274 25. l 50 t02.21 0.6529 1.0

(!) Unlas of Domcrtic Cunency pcr US Dollar. Sources: International Financial Statistics, Scp. 1995, IMF Central Bsok of Sri Lante. l*

6.2 EXTERNAL TRADE IW - 1994 Rs. Million

Item 19t5 r9E7 r9tt r9E9 r990 l99l 1992 199! 19%(a)

1. Exports(b) Y,n3 41,132 6,!nE fi,17s 79Atr n22S 107,tli5 13t,175 r5E"554 l.l Agricultural Exports t5,79 t7,437 20,tu 22,U9 28,886 26,537 26,503 3l,6 r 8 34,692 l.l.l Tea 9,253 r0,654 t2,299 t3,6& t9,823 11,86i1 r4,893 19,91I 20,9& 1.1.2 Rubber 2,622 2,929 3,706 3,|2 3,080 2,gl 2,960 3,086 3,582 1.1.3 CoconutProducis 2,389 2,r40 1,538 2,865 2,783 2,619 3,691 2,796 3,761 1.1.4 Cinnamon 328 45 675 1,058 I,188 t,436 t,524 1,645 1,626 Ll.5 Cocoa 34 43 8 6 7 3 l 3 I 1.1.6 Other Minor Agri. Products 1,138 1,226 1,878 t34 2,005 t,97 | 3,434 4,t77 4,758 1.2 Indusrial Exports 15,878 20,004 22,674 28,470 41,510 50,736 76,699 100,420 rt6,74 1.2.1 Textiles and Garments 9,629 t2,897 t4,2@ 17,631 25,163 33,261 53,2@ 68,150 76,6t4 1.2.2 Peroleumhoducts 2,358 2,592 2,265 2,242 3,974 3,289 2,771 3,801 3,959 1.2.3 Other Industrial Products 3,891 4,515 6,t48 8,597 12,374 14,185 20,7 t9 28,469 36,17 | 1.3 Mineral Exports 1,t82 1,805 2,614 2,693 3,884 2,562 2,749 3,653 4,293 1.4 Other (c) r,249 r,886 I,536 2,963 5,601 2,390 1,903 2,484 2. Imports (d) s4559 fi52E 71,030 8022s 1o7,729 125,Q3 rs3"sss 193,550 216,O3O 2.1 ConsumerGoods 12,256 l3,8 t4 17,438 20,962 28,420 32,357 32,197 37,372 4s,983 2.2 Intermediate Goods 28,6 t8 34,6t9 40,32s 45,255 55,757 &,265 82,592 103952 tt9,970 2.3 Investment Goods r0,556 rt,334 t2,081 r2,0r8 23,412 29,792 37,294 50,508 67,524 2.4 Other Imports 3,129 761 r,186 1,990 139 229 t,472 l,718 2,553 3. BdanceofTrade -20,87 -r9396 -24,102 -24,050 -31,150 4ArE 45,699 -55,375 -77,476 4. Exportlndices(19t5= 100) 4.1 Price Index 89.5 t09.4 t27.8 t50.7 183.0 t86.4 2n.2 233.3 234.1 4.2 Volume Index r05.2 t03.8 t01.4 r03.0 120.0 r25.0 t43.9 163.6 183.7 5. Import Indices (19E5 = 100) 5.1 Price Index t00.2 I t0.9 137.5 t64.8 209.4 217.5 237.0 256.8 270.4 5.2 Volume Index r00.8 t0t.0 95.6 90.0 95.2 107.7 I t9.0 136.5 153.8 6. Terms of Trade (e) (f9t5 " 1(X)) E93 9E.7 93.0 91.4 E7.4 E5.7 E9.r 90.9 E6.6

Iriote: (a) Provisional (d) At c.i.f. Prices Sources: Customs, Sri Lanka, (b) At f.o.b. Prices Central Bank ofSri Lanka. (e) Termsofrrade= * too (c) IncludesRe-ExPorts fl@- 47

6.3 QUANTITIES OF SELECTED EIPTORTS tg85 - tg9/-

Item Unit r$5 t9t7 I9EE 1989 l990 t99l $ln 1993 r99{(e) f. Agdcultursl Exports |.l Tea MT'OOO 208 201 220 2M 2t6 2t2 r82 2rE 230 1.2 Rubber MT'000 ll0 106 I 86 87 76 79 70 69 1.3 Coconuts Mn. Nuts 1,105 s38 224 572 508 367 412 293 437 1.4 Vegetables MT 2,t46 2,312 8,902 3,915 12,702 9,30s g,7gl I t,361 16,299 1.5 Coffee MT 2,&0 851 4,203 1,805 t,245 2,660 r,652 1,009 4,371 1.6 Cinnamon MT 7,599 7,505 6,81I 7,493 6,512 7,ggg 8,238 E,755 ll,(xo 1.7 Pepper MT t,27 | 2,0t5 2,692 1,576 r,308 2,O74 2,r53 7,939 3,490 l.E Betel l*aves and Arecanuts MT 2,8ffi 3,278 3,985 3,012 6,397 5,U7 2,8& 2.96 2,157 1.9 Sesame seeds & other oil seeds MT 2,679 6,685 7,Ul 622 4,ffi6 2,O35 2,n5 20 r94 l. l0 Unmanufactured Tobacco MT 4t5 4t6 718 ffiz 1,333 1,80E 3,935 3,Elg 3,540 2. IndustrislExports 2.1 CoconutOil MT 81,076 16,462 5,351 29,66i1 13,978 I,Ug 2,430 2,57E 4,529 2.2 Avfir MT 65,286 &,872 55,667 49,l0g 55,456 39,1 l5 49,7U 65,756 68,455 2.3 Naptha MT r30,770 I l3,l l9 103,2w 63,(X8 74,79 87,324 76,466 I18,010 lu,2l9 2.4 Furnace Oil MT 456,622 429,558 44.1,849 366,255 436,9 | 8 35t,427 236,996 341,218 374800 2.5 Auto Diesel, Heavy Diesel & Marine Diesel MT 70,471 57,O35 63,624 42,758 52,595 45,343 6,89s 52,37E 6it,2u 2.6 Garments Mn. Pcs. 185.8 212.4 24t.9 315.E 362.6 413.6 3. MlncratE4ortsO) MT I I1,378 I15,371 l@,640 124,138 I 1,6 l9 2,536 47,lgg 68.504 52,1X2

(a) hovisional Cenral Bank ofSri Lanka. (b) Ilmenile, Rutile & Graphite Custorns, Sri Lanlca 48

6.4 IMFORTS BY MATOR CATEGORIFS IgAi - IW

Category 19t6 r%7 19tt t9E9 1990 1991 rvn 199.3 r99(a)

Consumcrgoods n2s6 nt14 rTA3E n9a 28ra2g 323s7 32,|n 37372 45,983 l.l Foodandlhink 6,746 7,62 to,2l4 13,136 t5,624 16,750 18,395 20,ffi 23,9r2 Rice 1,052 687 1,808 3,396 1,758 1,589 2,852 2,386 655 Flour 90 96 303 175 1,387 I 3 552 l7 Sugar l,7g 2,389 2,927 4,326 5,173 5,139 4,952 s,62r 8,875 Milk & Milk Products 922 1,276 r,931 2,299 2,367 2,796 2,941 3,655 4,305 Fish Dried 631 767 945 1,003 1,312 1,686 1,804 r,932 2,@3 Fish Other 2t2 t93 t94 3t7 427 4M ul 524 863 Food Other 2,O75 2,054 2,to6 r,620 3,200 5,135 5,202 5,396 7,1o4 1.2 OtherConsumergoods 5,510 6,353 7,225 7,826 12,796 r5,ffi1 r3,802 r7,306 22,071 Motor cars and cycles 1,698 2,207 2,309 2,886 2,769 2,163 2,459 2,967 5,s66 Radio Receivers & Television Sets 550 500 836 775 M 618 7n r,009 1,163 Rubber Tyres & Tubes 229 224 253 2E5 43 415 520 99l 686 Medical & Pharmaceutical Products 831 829 t03 t,086 1,668 I,755 2,Ul 2,490 3,292 Other 2,201 2,593 2,796 2,796 7,470 10,656 7,592 9,849 tr,3u Intermediate goods 2t,6lt y,619 4/'.325 4sass s5,7gl a26s t2s92 103,952 ll9,yl0 Fertilizer 1,282 t,299 2,476 I,755 2,958 2,430 2,366 3,108 3,885 Petroleum 6,293 8,7t6 7,839 8,376 14,372 12,887 13,938 14,920 t4,&r Chemical Elements & Compounds r,587 r,559 1,887 2,1r7 4,154 3,93 4,125 5,24 5,975 Dyeing Tanning & Colouring Materials 434 517 542 576 885 928 1,549 1,467 t,&9 Paper & Paper Boards I,100 1,560 t,922 1,8r3 2,967 3,570 3,815 4,69 5,513 Wheat & Meslin 2,371 t,923 2,800 49& 3,791 3,303 4,549 5,609 5,178 Textiles (including clothing) 6,353 8,086 8,796 9,981 13,454 20,61I 33J52 41,7Q 51,29 Other 9,138 t0,960 t4,M2 t5,673 t2,576 16,893 18,69E 27,r95 31,830 Investment goods 10,556 rrSv lz,0tl rz,OlE 2tAt2 29,7y2 372e4 50,50t 67524 Building Materials 907 7r0 1,038 891 6,365 6,840 7,936 9,342 l r,898 Transport Equipment 1,457 l,418 t,Q9 1,833 4,537 7,ffi1 7,889 15,012 22,425 Machinery & Equipment 5,828 6,&O 7,U7 6,278 9,885 l1,881 17,098 22,377 27,635 Other 2,364 2,566 2,586 2,9t6 2,625 3,4@ 4,37 | 3,777 5,566 Unclassified Imports 3,129 76r 1,1t6 \en I'10 229 rA72 l,7lt 2,553 r93-550 5. Totallmports s4559 dtJ28 7r.m0 8n,22s r07.729 126.63 153.555 (a) hovisional Source: CentralBankofSri Lanka, Customs, Sri Lanka. 49

6.5 QUANTITIES OF SELECTED IMPIORTS 1986 - 1994

Item Unit r9ff r9t7 19E8 19t9 1990 1991 1992 199.3 r9%(a)

l. F'ood and Drink

l.l Rice MT'000 231 l13 2r0 316 t72 t33 237 2@ 58 1.2 Sugar MT'000 322 376 319 320 305 358 370 394 491 1.3 Milk&MilkProducts 1.3.1 Milk andMilk Food (b) MT'000 28 38 42 50 65 4 33 56 4E 1.3.2 InfantMilkFood MT 25s r78 2to 399 6r0 725 542 524 t,379 1.4 Fish and Fish Products 1.4.1 Fish Dried (c) MT'OOO 24 30 3l 35 38 4 4 66 48 1.4.2 Fish Other MT'000 8 8 t5 t8 l0 t0 t2 t3 t4

2. \ilheat Grain MT'000 68r 578 612 726 577 670 7W 771 826

Pharmaceutical Products MT'000 5 ) 7 9 8 6 2l 6 9

4. Fertilizer IwT'fi)O 378 373 556 355 505 3s9 339 465 427

CrudeOil ll/fl'(X)O t,639 1,779 r,848 t,283 1,779 1,626 t,297 t,791 r,898

6. Cement MT'fi)0 274 268 37s 402 43 383 482 571 615

7. Transport Equipment

7.1 Motor Vehicles (d) No. r3,588 13,749 13,802 12,676 22,9tr | 8,832 il,3 16 n.a. 46,&5 7.2 Motor Cycles No. 27,t76 30,8,16 30,997 63,776 48,t28 56,873 &,631 58,489 49,890 7.3 Tractors No. 2,670 t,692 2,304 |,891 3,433 5,874 6,6r3 7,002 6,962

(a) Provisional. Sources: Customs, Sri Lanka. (b1 Excluding Infant Milk Food. (c,1 Including Maldive-Fish, Sprats and Smoked Fish. (d; Including Motor Cars, Vans, Lorries and Buses. 50

6.6 MA,JOR EXPORT MARKETS 19t6 . 1994 Rs. Million

Country r9t6 1987 r9tt 1989 l9!r0 t99l tvr2 t9!r3 r99{(s)

Industrial Countries 20,500.4 23,247.5 27,4ffi.3 34,305.5 46,998 53,66/'.7 81,774.O 103,683.1 I18,544.8 of which: Belgiurn - Luxembourg |,025.7 805.0 1,669.2 3,002.6 3,881.8 3,261.9 5,912.7 8,544.9 9,345.7 Canada 644.9 717.3 718.4 921.7 1,r62.5 1,124.1 1,699.9 1,752.8 2,508.6 France 46t.2 749.3 905.0 1,408.9 1,749.8 2,628.5 3,949.r 4,161.8 4,236.r Germany, Fed. Rep.of 2,335.0 2,977.5 3,316.7 3,44o.2 5,074.5 6,156.8 9,282.3 t0,992.1 10,994.0 Italy ,!0 1.5 412.3 496.9 761.4 1,465.9 t,537.7 2,Ut4.4 2,054.0 2,714.7 Japan 1,878.6 |,979.9 2,70r.5 3,2m.9 4,r02.2 4,203.7 5,61 r.0 7,t49.7 8,166.5 Netherlands l,305.8 1,166.7 r,507.0 I,616.0 t,946.3 2,42.7 4,282.6 5,200..3 5,541.8 United Kingdom r,956.2 2,2t5.5 2,574.3 3,186.3 4,612.6 5,221.5 7,460.3 9,83s.7 14,104.0 United States 8,908.4 10,459.3 l1,683.6 t4,4t7.2 19,73r.7 23,127.7 36,7ll.7 48,652.6 55,1 I 1.5

2. Ilevcloping Countries tr,124.9 13,905.0 17,t79.1 18,t9t.5 26,680.0 25,708.1 23,081.3 28,870.8 35,249.5 2.1 Middle East 6,004.6 1,715.9 8426.6 8,782.3 13,382.5 13,539.3 10,556.5 t2,496.1 16,845.3 of which: Iran 449.9 841.9 998.4 r,2t5.2 2,593.0 3,227.5 2,116.4 979.5 829.3 IraC u2.9 I,394.0 1,627.6 r,406.8 1,555.6 53.0 3.4 2.3 Libya 280.9 522.2 470.6 441.1 9t 3.8 t,162.5 490.4 747.4 632.3 Saudi Arabia 932.7 1,089.4 1,156.8 1,2N.3 1,692.8 1,587.6 1,602.8 1,422.1 1,958.0 U.A.E. 422.9 638.7 568.7 730.3 l,l t5.6 1,517.5 t,2lo.4 3,208.4 3,083.3 Syrian Arab Rep. 482.5 396.6 503.8 488.3 1,250.7 690.3 962.3 r,52r.9 r,832.3 Jordan 25r.5 239.3 365.1 uo.7 657.6 2,327.0 1,362.3 2,00,6.9 1,965.8 2.2 Africa 529.7 687.4 660. I 933.3 9l1.3 796.1 993.5 I,179.5 2,r44.5 of which: South Africa 301.0 4r0.2 n7.o 477.6 492.8 &4.4 525.3 534.3 677.3 2.3 Asia 3,732.5 4,314.7 6,759.3 6,4r4.3 7,65r.6 8,920.5 7,824.1 10,905.6 t5,034.9 ofwhich: China, Peo. Rep. of 477.3 478.2 762.6 128.5 174.7 186.2 67.8 143.0 94.5 Hong-kong 322.3 576.3 529.3 650.8 684.9 614.9 t,062.4 l,553.0 1,762.0 India 340.5 t87.t 6t 5.1 355.5 825.7 522.2 503.4 954.9 1,169.7 Malaysia 13t.2 35.5 69.2 50.2 rot.2 r,099.7 197.8 161.4 284.2 Pakistan 954.4 930.5 t,619.2 l,6l9.l l,300.8 r,323.O 1,251.6 1,713.3 2,143.9 Singapore 881.3 954. I 1,415.7 t,307.4 I,982.1 2,79r.5 1,457.4 2,3s2.9 3,766.2 2.4 Eurcpe 467.O 594.5 541.6 802.7 t,362.0 870.8 1,769.1 2,114.7 2,t29.3 of which: Yugoslavia 90.7 62.9 90.5 156.5 253.4 179.O 106.9 4.4 66.1 2.5 Westcrn Hemisphere 39t.2 592.5 79r.6 r,259.0 1,560.5 I,581.4 1,938.1 2,174.9 2,095.5 of which: Mexico 157.9 241.8 392.6 621.2 724.6 838.5 866.8 884.E 740.0 USSR, Eastem Europc, cla 694.4 857. I 703.2 t,237.8 l,812.1 54s.6 437.9 2,546.0 \9o4.4 ofwhich: USSR 441.7 508.5 393.5 962.9 t,662.2 477.6 386.4 2,4,/.1.8 1,849.2 4. Unclasslficd 1,772.5 t,85t.r |,749.4 1,716.4 |.t33.6 2,306.4 2,215.3 2,894.r 2,961.3

Totrl 34,092.3 39,860.6 47,@2.0 55,51 | .2 76,623.7 82,224.8 107.508.5 r37,994.0 158,660.0 (a) Pmvisional

Sources : Customs, Sri Lanka, 5l

6.7 MA"IOR IMPORT SOURCES lgt6 - 1994 Rs. Million Country 1986 l9E7 l9tt l9E9 1990 t99l 1992 1993 1994(a)

Industrial Countries 23,ld4'5.7 26,127.7 3rJr8.0 31,032.0 41,972.4 46,91.3 54,9t0.0 67379.2 90254.0 of which: Australia '767.3 s99.6 83 1.3 I,3 t5.7 1,739.6 r,5t3.l 2,230.3 2,888.9 4,534.2 Canada 590.7 5 il.7 l,295.5 533.9 759.5 659.7 930.4 717.3 677.1 France 703.5 I,0 t7.3 1,639.7 1,299.2 t,699. l t,44t.l 1,896.4 2,44t.9 2,729.5 Germany, Fed. Rep.of 2,405.4 2,649.9 3,265.4 2,563.8 3,36t.1 4,2t4.s 5,579.5 6,68s.6 8,390.2 Italy 458.4 642.8 673.1 t,070.2 758.4 797.3 t,t42.4 2,107.9 2,364.0 Japan 8,933.9 8,957.6 9,704.9 9,3sO.2 13,035.0 t4,827.6 t8,214.5 2t,869.7 26,02t.4 Netherlands 613.8 745.4 I,161.8 t,067.9 794.9 t,988.5 1,868.6 2,670.9 3,500.8 New Zealand 569.0 508.6 7 17.2 8t4.1 l, 181.4 t,334.9 I,578.7 2,035.4 2,380.3 Sweden 712.5 723.9 648.9 556.5 63s. l 815.4 904.7 1,178.7 t,202.8 Switzerland 72t.2 6t0.2 463.6 524.0 729.1 I,078.5 l,4 t9.0 r,768.8 2,993.1 United States 3,391.2 3,358.9 4,857.2 4,938.6 8,322.0 7,221.0 6,984.7 6,34J.4 t4,069.7 United Kingdom 2,882.4 4,tf4.9 4,024.6 4,512.3 5,486.7 6,880.5 7,574.7 8,930. I 12,234.4 Developing Couniries 26,675.0 33,124.0 38,516.4 43,834.2 63,163.5 t0,t31.3 93,5t7.0 ll3,l6t.l r3oJr0.r 2.1 Middle East -5,354.9 7,262.2 7,34.5.8 7,402.8 12,tJ4.8 1t,175.2 8,775.3 9,895.8 l I,960.4 of which: lran r,069.3 3,064.6 3,237.8 3,478.8 8,904.3 5,987.9 5, t28.9 4,642.0 4,492.8 Saudi Arabia 324.5 330.9 445.5 |,644.8 t,3t2.l 390.6 703.2 546.5 I, 1 54.9 Bahrain 6.9 241.0 t0.4 437.3 17 1.4 @2.4 28t.4 36s.9 2.2 Africa 1,757.2 1J'a,1 '' 2,489.5 4,2s6.8 4,622.8 3,989.4 3,333.3 2,832.1 of which: South Africa l,193.5 3,336.4 | ,801 .0 2,158.6 2,8'17.5 3,341 .6 3,625.7 3,1t7.3 2,35 r.8 2,556.4 2.3 Asia l 8,362.8 2t,974.8 26,320.s 30,t 14.l 43,003.6 62,084.2 77,542.7 95,844.6 107,339.3 of which: Burma 76.4 150.4 96.6 146. I 274.9 6.2 t40.7 338.4 China, Peo. Rep. of 50.7 2,4 t8.0 1,876.2 3,336.3 3,696.0 4,856.9 4,197.1 5,302.3 7,24.7 7,71t.6 China Thaiwan 2,669.1 - 3,123.3 3,349.8 4,I 83.4 6,243.3 8,580.5 9,379.3 10,903.8 t2,363.6 Hong-kong 2,396.1 3,823.0 3,7 10.0 ),963.1 4,822.4 8,792.3 tc,560.7 15,097.6 t5,643.6 India 2,221.9 2,459.8 2,893.5 2,3t2.6 4,730.7 9,105.3 t3,230.2 t6,569.4 19,984.9 Korea, South t,962.s 2,319.6 2,843.2 3,409.9 5,t22.2 9,061.7 9,182.0 t2,6/.l.5 t6,123.1 Malaysia |,t74.1 r,73 1 .0 1,97t.2 2,194.7 4,580.3 5,784.3 5,s9 l. l 8,281 .6 8,952.3 Pakistan 1,292.3 t,373.7 2,215.4 I,788.4 2,035.8 3,0s0.6 2,89t.7 2,670.4 2,999.5 Singapore 2,0 10.5 2,948.1 2,9ss.2 3,402.4 4,106.3 5,584.4 10,4t6.0 t0,049.4 n,564.t Thailand I,l 16.0 1,t82.2 I,335.5 3,509.0 3,41 1.3 4,099.4 4,246.5 5,276.2 6,058.0 2.4 Europe 284.4 702.3 789.6 1.277.9 2,063.7 2,s49.9 2,228.0 3,485.6 3,09 t.8 of which: Turkey | 14.7 404.9 473.9 180.9 762.7 987.6 404.4 893.0 t,537.7 2.5 Western Hemisphere 9 t5.6 695.2 823.3 782.5 844.7 l,032.5 l,707.8 l,l t0.0 4,582.2 USSR, Eastern Europe, elc. 704.2 470.4 431.0 44E.6 493.9 380.4 1,129.5 7U.7 m7.r Unclasslfied 56.6 27.6 55.0 37.9 77.t E3.7 t9.0 75.t Total 51,281.5 s9,749.7 70,32O.4 75,352.7 105,5592 127.830.E r49,7E0.2 1t13t1.0 221,527.0 (a) Provisional Sources: Customs, Sri Lanka, Central Bank of Sri Lanka. 52

6.t CENTRAL BANK TRADE INDICES (19t5 - lffi) IMFORTS 19tt - 1994 IMPORT VOLUME IMPOR,T PRICE Category r9tt r989 r990 l99l t9v2 r993 194(a) 198t r9t9 1990 l99r 1992 r993 1994(a)

1. Consumer Goods 100.3 95.6 t06. l r r8.3 lu.9 t23.1 t4t.7 166. I 209.5 25 i.8 26t.5 293.4 290.3 3t0.2 l.l Food & Drink 1O2.3 r04.l 105.9 l 18.l 122.5 t47.8 r59.6 169.0 213.7 242.5 240.1 254.2 229.9 253.7 1.2 Other Consumer Goods 97.8 84.3 106. I 1t7.7 87. I 101.5 124.6 162.1 203.8 26/..8 291.2 347.9 374.4 388.8

2. Intermediate Goods t33.4 n9.2 123.7 146.5 t91.3 224.2 258.3 100.8 t28.4 165.4 t6r.7 t59.2 171.0 l71.3 2. I Petroleum il4.0 99.0 | 10.5 I t0.4 | 10.5 il 1.6 I t8.8 62.6 77.O I18.4 106.3 I14.8 121.7 tt2.2 2.2 Feftilizer 128. I 8 r.8 l16.3 82.6 84.7 109.1 t2t.o t22.4 135.9 t61.0 186.2 t76.9 180.4 203.3 2.3 Chemicals - r 55.7 t36.5 t97.5 180.5 r 89.3 224.3 245.9 134.4 t71.9 266.4 223.6 241.5 258.9 269.3 2.4 Wheat 92.O t09.2 86.7 r00.7 r06.6 I t6.0 t24.2 I t0.l t64.5 158.2 I t8.7 154.3 t74.9 150.7 2.5 Textiles & Clothing r55.7 il4.0 I t8.2 r63.0 239.1 272.9 313.9 t48.1 230.5 299.7 332.9 369.4 402.6 430.8

3. Investment Goods 7t.4 9.7 73.6 85. r 90.9 98.6 |o.2 177.2 193.6 252.2 277.9 325.5 373.2 405.0 3.1 Machinery & EquiPment 72.4 57.2 72.3 80.7 93.7 101..4 r00. l 20/'.2 230. l 286.9 308.8 382.6 462.9 578.6 3.2 Transport Equipment 34.5 zl0. I 67.6 96.6 67.O 8 r.8 96.5 t63.6 182.7 268.4 315.0 471.O 532.2 463.0 3.3 Building Materials t20.2 125.4 r35.9 r38.9 t69.6 170.7 t65.5 l3 r.l t21.6 r50.3 r58.0 150. I 175.7 230.7

ALL IMPORTS 95.6 90.0 95.2 1o7.7 I t9.0 r36.5 t53.8 t37.5 164.8 209.4 2t7.5 237.8 256.8 270.4

(a) Provisional Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka 53

6.9 CENTRAL BANK TRADE INDICES (1985 = 100) EXPORTS 19tt - 1994

EXPORT VOLUME EXPORT PRICE CategorT r9$ l9E9 1990 l99r 1992 r993 19%(o) r9$ t9t9 1990 l99l tgt 2 1993 19%(a)

Tea l. ttt.7 103.8 I10.7 109.3 94.7 I14.3 t21.4 9t.7 r09.7 149.2 t36.2 l3l.l 145.1 143.9 2. Rubber 82.6 71.2 72.2 62.8 64.8 58.6 57.2 174.9 t70.2 166.2 163.9 t77.9 20s.3 ?4.1 3. Coconut Products 43.0 78.9 74.4 57.4 63.8 46.r 66.7 rr7.3 1t7.9 123.8 l5l.l 191.5 201.0 186.8 4. Minor Agricultural Products 146.0 I15.5 t26.7 153.3 t94.9 22r.4 263.1 128.5 152.8 185.0 162.9 r82.0 r92.8 t77.9

5. Precious & Semi Precious Stones 400.6 437.2 517.0 354.8 473.6 633.5 ut.5 92.2 89.9 tOt.2 I18.5 93.5 95.8 108.9 6. Industrial Products l16.6 I16.6 t4t.6 t57.3 t92.4 23t.5 278.0 136.1 170.8 205.1 225.7 275.6 303.5 293.6 7. Petroleum Products rt2.5 78.4 89.6 83.0 76.3 to2.9 98.9 5 1.9 73.8 1t4.4 1o2.3 93.7 95.3 t02.2 EXPOR.TS ALL 101.4 103.0 120.0 t25.O 143.9 163.6 183.7 127.8 150.7 183.0 186.4 2tt.2 233.3 234.1

(a) Provisional Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka il

(19t5 6.10 CENTRAL BANK TRADE INDICES - 100) ',/ VALUE 19tt - 1994

Categora r9Et r9t9 1990 r99l 1992 1993 r994(a) l. Total Imports 131.4 t4tA r993 23/,3 2E2.0 3s0.5 415.9 l.l Consumer Goods 166.7 200.4 267.2 309.3 307.7 357.2 439.5 l.l.l Food & Drink 172.9 222.4 256.7 283.6 3l 1.5 339.8 404.8 1.1.2 Other Consumer Goods 158.6 171.8 280.9 342.6 302.9 379.8 484.4 1.2 Intermediate Goods 134.4 r53.0 204.6 237.0 304.6 383.4 42.5 1.2.1 Petroleum 7 t.4 76.2 130.8 |L7.3 126.9 135.8 t33.3 1.2.2 Fertilizer 156.8 n l.l 187.3 153.9 t49.9 196.9 246.0 1.2.3 Chemicals 2W.l 234.6 526.4 403.7 451.3 580.9 662.2 1.2.4 Wheat 101.3 t79.5 t37.1 l19.5 r&.5 202.8 187.2 1.2.5 Textiles & Clothing 23t.5 262.7 354.1 542.5 883. I r,098.7 1,352.1 1.3 Investrnent Goods 126.6 t25.2 185.8 236.4 295.9 367.9 4.r'.6.4 1.3.1 Machinery & Equipment t47.8 131.6 207.3 249.1 358.6 469.2 579.5 1.3.2 Transport Equipment 56.4 73.3 r8r.5 3U.4 3r5.7 435.2 M.8 1.3.3 Building Materials r57.6 152.5 204.2 2t9.5 254.7 299.8 381.8

2. Totel Exports t29.6 lss.2 219.5 2t3.0 304.0 3t1.6 430.0 2.1. Tea 1o2.5 I13.8 165.2 148.9 t24.1 165.9 174.7 2.2 Rubber tu.4 12t.3 120.0 102.9 I15.4 t20.3 139.6 2.3 Coconut hoducts 50.5 93.0 92.2 86.7 122.2 92.6 124.6 2.4 Minor Agricultural Products 187.7 176.5 234.4 249.8 354.8 426.8 467.8 2.5 hecious & Semi Precious Stones 369.3 393.2 523.3 420.6 42.8 606.9 698.8 2.6 IndustrialProducts 158.6 t99.2 2m.4 354.9 530. I 702.5 816.4 2.7 Petroleum Products 58.4 57.8 t02.5 84.9 7 r.5 98. r l0l.l

(a) Provisional Source: Central Bank ofSri Lanka 55

6.T1 BALANCE OF PAYMENTS I99O - Igp/I

Rs.Million SDRMillion Item r990 199r t99! 1993 1994(a) r990 t9pt 19'92 r993 l9%(a)

l. Merchandise -28,t45 41,252 -45,785 -55,486 -77,W -5 l8 -726 -7q -825 -r,095 l.l Exports 79,481 84,379 107,855 t38,t74 158,554 1,456 1,491 t,745 2,U6 2,236 1.2 Imports 1o7,626 r25,631 153,640 193,660 236,t98 r,974 2,2t7 2,485 2,871 3,33 r 2. Services -3,905 -3,773 -1,430 1,821 820 -72 -65 -23 28 t2 Receipts 2.1 21,3& 24,897 30,256 36,0s0 4,363 391 m 489 535 627 2.2 Payments 25,269 28,670 31,686 34,229 43,s43 463 505 512 5W 6t5 3. Goodg and Senices -32,050 4s,o25 47,2t5 -s3,665 -76,824 -590 -791 -763 -7n -1,083 4. Transfers 2t,6ffi 25,030 28,280 34,839 39,057 398 4l 457 5t7 552 4.1 Private - Receipts t6,054 18,31 I 24,O37 30,592 35,345 296 323 389 454 499 Payments 1,536 I,688 3,784 3,50r 4,357 28 30 6l 52 6t 4.2 OfficialReceipts 7,142 8,4A7 8,027 7,749 8,069 130 t48 130 il5 il5 (3+4) 5. Current Account -10,390 -19,995 - 18,935 - I 8,825 37,767 -t92 -350 -306 -28 | -53 | 6. Non Monetary Capital 18,931 27,t7 | 23,450 41,06 48,058 345 475 38t 6t2 674 6.1 Private - Direct Investment 1,294 2,633 5,3 15 9,to7 7,815 24 K 86 t34 ill Portfolio Investment 390 t,329 t,t22 3,272 1,334 7 24 t8 48 20 Other long Term - l,835 - |,005 1,t62 8,998 t5,628 -33 -t8 l8 t35 2t6 Short Term 2,685 2,105 5,652 7,1 l0 12,933 48 36 9l t05 t82 - 6.2 Government Long Term 16,387 20,950 1,494 12,579 t0,348 299 36 r89 190 t46 Short Term 1,2@ -t,295 23 -22 7. Errors and Omissions -1,8t2 2,729 3,399 3,328 8,255 -t4 28 59 44 29 t ValuationA{iu$ments 751 235 |,555 -t,420 -1,380 9. Overall Balancc (5+Gl7+t) 7,480 l0,l,lO 9,469 24,149 t7,t6 r38 152 r33 375 t73 10. MonetarA Sector -7,480 -l0,lztO -9,469 -24,t49 -t7,166 -r38 -t52 - 133 -375 -173 l0.l Government 591 -527 150 -l t5 466 l3 -7 3 8 10.2 Central Bank -7,0t2 t2,327 -t2,392 -38,559 -17,980 -50 - 188 - 178 -5 l9 -t 75 10.3 Commercial Banks -3,007 2,79 2t3 7,O71 -3,466 -r09 5l 5 I 106 -52 10.4 Transactions with IMF 2,232 -51 2,561 7,455 3,8r4 t3 -8 37 38 47

(a) hovisional Source: Cenral Bank of Sri Lanka 56

6.12 FINANCING OF THE EXTERNAL RTSOURCE GAP I9t7 - I9'IA Rs. Million

Category r9t7 l98E 1989 r990 l99r 1992 1993 1994(a) l. Foreign Receipts 63,142 7 t,468 83,602 r 16,898 127,586 162,148 204,8 l6 238,262 l.l Exports 41,O97 46,985 56, l 75 79,481 84,379 | 07,855 138, I 74 I 58,554 1.2 Services | |,721 13,097 14,59'r 21,363 24,897 30,256 36,050 44,363 1.3 hivate Transltrs l 0,324 I t,386 | 2,830 16,054 t8,3 I I 24,037 30,s92 35,345 2. Foreign Payments 94,836 lll,ll5 120,272 157,905 190,308 22s,928 274,380 t27,789 2.1 lmports 61,102 71,253 80,22s 107,626 125,63 r I 53,640 193,660 236, l 98 2.2 Services t6,346 t7,98 I 20,207 2s,268 28,670 3 r,686 34,229 43,543 2.3 Private Trrnst'ers 1,098 r,200 990 I,s36 I,688 3,784 3,501 4,157 43,692 2.4 Capital Repayntents 16,290 20,681 18,8.50 23,475 32,002 34,170 40,863 2.5 Progress Paynrents 2,311 2,649 2,127 -89,52't 3. External Resource Gap (l-2) 3 I,694 -39,64'l -36,670 -41,007 -62,722 -63,780 -69J& 89,s27 4. Financing of Resource Gap 3 t,694 39,@7 36,670 4 t,007 62,722 63,780 69,564 4.1 Central Government 15,473 t9.630 20,562 28,639 f6,046 27,220 30,066 28,r r8 Grants .5,3 | | 6,588 6,751 7,142 8,407 8,027 7,149 8,069 Project Aid 1,934 8,88s 8,7 l5 t3,266 24,048 r 3,169 t7,o29 17,900 Commodity Aid 504 918 t,023 1,761 690 830 343 244 Food Aid 69.5 1,129 t,025 1,439 483 403 Other Long Term 1,029 2,1 t0 3,048 5,03 I I,641 5,194 4,462 |,504 Short Term 1,260 7 t,084 4.2 Private Sector r 2,608 I t,577 13,587 19,9't I 30,730 37,895 60,621 Direct Inveslmenl t,766 I,4-56 707 |,736 2,822 s,385 9,441 8,223 Portfolio Investment 397 t,761 2,6t1 t0,733 14,473 Suppliers Credit 162 l16 48 t,752 3,t48 Commercial Borrowing 2,846 1,630 418 1,3 l0 3,s37 7,081 12,834 17,055 28,184 Short Term 7,834 8,375 t2,4t 4 16,9 | 8 22,608 22,818 25,821 4.3 Oiher 3,802 7,7lO 3,923 -6,54 I -7,0t7 -6,289 -23,030 - 16,550 IMF Drawing 1, 120 7,3t7 3,412 3,\'t2 3,073 6,942 8,573 4,429 Borrowing from Abroad I,801 2,401 -2,631 Other r,863 939 2,474 4,000 4,662 3,782 7,419 4,102 External Assets -982 -546 -4,364 - l 1,082 -t4,751 -17,0t2 -39,023 2s,082 4.4 Balancing ltems - 189 730 -1,402 - I,062 2,963 4,954 |,908 6,875 Valuation Adjustments 1,841 - t08 151 2f5 1.s55 -1,420 - l,380 Errors & Omissions -2030 723 -t,294 - I,813 2,728 3,399 3,328 8,255 Pressure on Balrrnce of Payments(b) 5.1 With Aid Imports s2.l .55.7 46.2 3s.8 49.2 39.5 33.9 37.6 5.2 Adjusted for Aid Imports 35.3 36.7 29-6 l8. l 24.2 26.5 21.6 27.0

(a) Provisional Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka Extemal Resource gap 16; - * tOO Foriegn Receipts 57

6.13 EXTERNAL DEBT AND SERVICE PAYMENTS 1986 - 1994 Rs.Million

Category 19t6 1987 r9EE r9E9 1990 l99l $tn 1993 1994(a)

External Debt Outstanding 117,093 l47,OEt 162,ffis 2O3,82 233,66 275,91t8 3r4257 376,772 4yl,w

1.1 Medium andLong Term Debt I I t,816 r38,740 t55,353 t90,472 216,846 255,798 289,679 345,083 390,285 Government 88,760 I t3,r34 126,230 r57, | 89 182,300 2t8,4N 243,25r 281,142 305,01I Public Corporations 9,246 r0,032 8,421 8,477 8,071 8,775 r,272 16,901 29,N6 hivate Sector 6,139 9,348 9,841 12,551 l r,987 14,186 16,957 2t,387 26,801 IMF Drawings 7,67 | 6,226 10,861 t2,255 t4,488 14,437 18, t99 25,653 29,467 1.2 ShortTermDebt 5,277 8,348 7,252 13,210 16,820 20,2W 24,579 31,689 4,622

2. Debt Services Payment rL6sr 14539 172vl 17,13E r7972 20,173 23,671 24,M 26333 2.1 Amortization 6,940 9,623 l |,033 9,920 9,975 I1,353 t4,329 t4,3t7 14,892 2.2 Interest Payment 4,7 t8 4,9t6 u,nl 7,218 7,97 8,820 9,342 9,750 |,m

3. Earnings fhom Merchandise Exports and Services 4d,Ags 52,E19 ffi,0t2 70,773 100,E46 r0e275 l3E,1lt 174224 202,917

4. Receipts from Merchandise Exports, Services and Private Transfers s3367 63,143 71,48 E3,603 116,900 127,5t6 t62,t4E 204,tts 8t2e2

Debt Scrvice Ratio

5.1 Debt Service as a % of 3 above 2t.8 23.O 24.0 20.5 15.4 15.8 14.6 I 1.8 lt.l 5.2 Debt Service rs z9o of 4 above 26.2 27.5 28.6 24.2 17.8 18.5 17.1 r3.8 13.0

6. Government Debt Senice Pavment 6.6 6.9 4t.7 s3.0 51.0 50.0 5r.0 62.4 593 (Asa % of2above)

(a) Provisional Source: Central Bank ofSri Lanka 5E

6.T4 EI\D OF PERIOD EXCEANGE RATES Ig84 - 1994 Sr Lanka Rupees per Unit of

Countra Currency rgu l9t5 1986 t9E7 l9Et 1989 1990 l99r tgln 1993 1994

Australia l. Dollar 21.7533 18.6905 18.94t6 22.t721 28. r850 31.8820 30.946 32.3608 3t.6825 33.49t2 38.8270 Austria 2. Schilling l.l9l0 t.5684 2.0818 2.737s 2.616/ 3.3567 3.8683 3.9934 4.0337 4.tt26 4.5074 3. Belgium Franc 0.4t60 0.5443 0.6876 o9202 0.8815 t.t279 t.2732 r.3s93 t.3912 1.3850 1.5646 Canada 4. Dollar 19.8903 t9.6048 20.6592 23.5728 27.6724 34.5&7 34.6762 36.7t48 36.26t9 37.0359 35.5856 5. Denmark Krone 233ffi 3.0394 3.8737 5.0000 4.7832 6.A9s2 6.7876 7.1798 7.4074 7.3736 8.194t 6. Federal Republic of Deutsche 8.3495 | 1.t074 t4.6727 19.2826 t8.4797 23.7002 26.t554 28.0178 28.57t4 28.7371 32.1622 Germany Mark France 7. Franc 2.7276 3.6t67 4.4337 s.6936 5.4121 6.9354 7.7 t25 8.t924 8.3857 8.4655 9.3151 HongKong 8. Dollar 3.3590 3.5W7 3.657r 3.9579 4.2298 5.t216 5.1549 5.4720 5.9425 6.4174 6.4586 9. India Rupee 2.tt92 2.2575 2.t&5 2.40/.3 2. r848 2-3603 2.2332 t.63s2 1.7520 1.5774 r.5926 10. Italy Lira 0.0r3s 0.0163 0.02r I 0.026r 0.025 | 0.03 r6 0.0347 0.0370 0.0313 0.0292 0.0304 ll. Japan Yen 0.1050 0. 1360 o.t794 0.2491 0.2631 0.2816 0.2943 0.3390 0.3699 o.44'33 0.5004 12. Kuwait Dinar 86.2488 94.2973 97.23t7 113.2ffi n7.3654 t36.9652 138.3126 15r.8503 r6s.&67 166.5167 13. Malaysia Ringgit t0.8326 tr.24l to.9777 r2.3505 t2.t959 t4.8230 14.7551 t5.6039 t7.ffi19 t8.6r8 r 19.51 l6 14. Netherlands Guilder 7.3851 9.8606 12.9636 17.1260 t6.3@9 2t.@29 23.2736 24.8396 25.4t86 25.&tO 28.7r75 15. NewZealand Dollar t2.7746 13.7 r75 t4.8675 20.t956 20.7444 23.9200 23.s706 23.rO82 23.6394 27.6231 32.tU1 16. Norway Krone 2.9827 3.5968 3.8530 4.9063 5.0087 6. 1045 6.6838 7.Wt9 6.6946 6.63t4 7.3701 17. Pakistan Rupee r.72t9 t.7147 t.6526 t.7570 t.76ffi 1.8628 1.8362 t.7t62 1.7850 r.6388 t.62tl 18. Philippines Peso t.3219 1.4425 t.3927 r.4839 1.ffi1 r.8503 1.4371 1.8091 2.0826 19. SaudiArabia Riyal 7.3397 7.5080 7.@t7 8.2072 8.8078 10.665 t 10.7285 I 1.3533 t2.2652 13.2t45 t4.0324 Singapore 20. Dollar 12.0550 t2.9s86 t3.o766 15.3851 t6.9746 2t.1333 22.8831 26.t275 28.0351 30.w4 34.1627 21. South Africa Rand r4.3090 t0.2230 12.8968 r5.852 r t3.923r t5.84t6 16.0319 t5.5472 r5.0820 14.626/. 14.0324 22. Sweden Krone 2.93r4 3.5909 4.1895 5.2707 5.3ffi2 6.4777 7.m.37 7.973 6.5133 5.9830 6.7340 23. Switzerland Franc l0.l29l t3.1672 t7.5023 23.E608 2t.8614 26.tffi 30.6824 31.446/. 3t.4745 33.8350 38.1090 24. United Kingdom Pound 30.51I I 39.s7& 41.796r 57.172r 59.0786 65.0400 75.5908 79.5820 69.4278 73.4972 78.05r3 25. U.S.A. Dollar 26.2800 27.4075 28.5200 30.762s 33.0325 ,10.0000 40.240/0 42,5800 ,16.0000 49.5615 49.9800 26. United Arab Emirates Diraham 7.t559 7.4629 7.76/'8 8.3760 8.9936 r0.8906 10.9559 | 1.5943 t2.5248 13.4953 13.6093

Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka. 59

6.$ PRTVATE REMITTANCES IROM ABROAD I99I - T994

Rs.Million SDRMillion Percentage Sharc Country l99l t992 r993 l99rt(a) l99r t992 1993 r99l(a) r99l 1992 t993 l99l(a)

t. Middle East 9,515.3 r3186.2 16,932.1 20385.3 168. l 2t3.4 25t.2 288.0 52.O 54.9 55.4 ) 57.7 E.E.C. Countries 2,289.8 3,357.4 4,575.0 5t82.7 40.4 54.3 67.8 73.2 t2.5 14.0 t4.9 t4.7 3. North America 3,766.9 3,443.4 3,693.3 3 195.5 66.s 55.7 54.7 45. I 20.6 14.3 t2.l 9.0 4. Other European Countries 4't4.0 995. l r,386.5 1755.5 7.8 16. l 20.s 24.7 2.4 4.1 4.5 5.0 5. South East Asia 926.4 383.0 488.4 735.3 t6.4 6.2 7.2 10.4 5.1 r.6 1.6 2.1 6. Far East Asia 967.3 2,001.I 2,358.7 260t.6 t7.1 32.4 3s.0 36.7 5.3 8.3 7.7 7.4 7. South Asia 246.9 254.4 514.1 226.1 4.4 4.1 7.6 3.2 t.3 l.l t.7 0.6 (b) 8. Australasia 120.2 r80.7 3r5.0 333.0 2.1 2.9 4.7 4.6 o.7 0.8 1.0 0.9 9. Central Africa 5.6 ).) 7.9 0.3 0.t 10. South Africa 18.5 0.4 0.4 4.6 0.3 lt :: 0.t 0.1 l t. North Africa 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.1 t2. Eastern Europe 2.1 69.4 93.3 53.6 l.l 1.4 0.8 0.3 0.3 o2 13. Latin America 7.1 0.1 480.0 0.1 6.8 t4 t4. Other o.2 r59.3 226.s 39t.4 2.6 3.A 5.4 0.0 o.7 0.7 ll

TOTAL | 8,3 l0.8 24,036.7 30,59 t .5 35345.1 325.5 388.9 453.6 498.9 r00.0 r00.0 100.00 100.0

Negligible. Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka 6i Provisional. (b) Includes Australia, New Zealand and Fiji Islands. 60

6.16 TOURTSM r9E5 - 1994

Item r99|(a)

l. Totd Tourist Arrivals 230,106 Itz,6i20 It2,62 1E/,,732 297,8E 317,703 393,69 3922s0 407,511 2. Tourist Arrivals by Region 2.1 North America No. 9,232 7,166 6,534 5,844 8,084 9,615 t2,6t5 13,635 15,612 2.2 Latin America & the No. 402 374 396 300 330 372 372 519 540 2.3 Europe No. 145,786 124,272 tt4,8t2 t06,454 176,856 196,809 250,035 2s6,158 258,285 2.4 Afnca No. 484 472 480 400 578 804 582 516 74 2.5 Middle East No. 2,2@ 2,426 2,736 2,286 3,122 3,702 3,540 2,931 3,945 2.6 Asia No. 66,150 43,462 53,7 t2 65,428 100,004 96,654 It4,t62 r06,668 116,352 2.7 Australasia(b) No. 5,788 4,48 3,92 4,O20 8,9t4 9,747 t2,363 r r,823 t2,o33 3. hrrpose of Visits 3.1 Business No. 10,094 t4,276 13,670 I t,774 r5,250 5,719 15,510 4,089 2t,3N 3.2 Pleasure No. 216,t48 t62,782 165,076 170,170 277,722 3to,7l4 373,2t5 387,t41 377,537 3.3 Other No. 3,864 5,562 3,9 r6 2,788 4,9t6 t,270 4,944 1,020 8,634 4. Exculsionist Arrivals No. 6,266 2,4t7 6, r08 4,W 3,954 2,665 5,65 | 6,093 8,413 5. Total Cherter Arrivals No. 46,430 44,994 35,968 245U 54,914 34,746 4t,412 5,177 34,392 6. Employment in Tourist Industry No. 53,477 48,8l l 47,232 54,480 59,914 &,507 69,096 75,7 tO 84,154 6.1 DirectEmployment No. 22,285 20,338 r9,960 22,700 25,000 26,878 28,790 30,710 35,064 6.2 Estimated lndirect Employment No. 3 r, r99 28,473 27,944 3 r,780 35,000 37,629 40,306 45,000 49,090 7. Foreign Excban ge Earnin gs Rs.Mn. 2,160 2,415 2,43E 2,740 5,143 6,436 9,E15 rr37s US S Mn. 76 7E 74 6E l2E 15l 19E 22E Establishments Providin g Accommodation No. 237 232 2r3 l9E 2t6 231 25S 269 303 8. I Graded Establishments No. l3l 128 128 il8 t20 t22 t27 t29 t34 8.1.1 Rooms No. 9,794 9,921 9,977 9,459 9,556 9,679 to,2t4 10,36s to,742 8. 1.2 Beds No. r9,301 19,322 19,432 18,4& r8,669 t8,947 t9,907 20,242 20,929 8.2 Supplementary Establishments No. r06 l04 85 80 96 r09 128 140 r69 8.2.1Rooms No. I,I87 1,172 936 901 r,080 I,l9l r,305 1,562 2,045 8.2.2 Beds No. 2,386 2,334 t,893 r,783 2,152 2,60 2,620 3,182 3,783 31.0 472 4E.4 553 57.O 56.6 Occupancy Rate % 32.9 31.5 32.r

(a) hovisional Source: Ceylon Tourist Board. (b) Includes Australia, New Zealand and Fiji lslands. N

7.1 CONST]MER PRICE II\DICES: SRI LANKA COMPARED WITH SELECTED COI]NTRIEs T986 - IyA (1985 = l(X)) Country r9E6 L9E7 l9tE 1989 r990 l99l 1992 1993 1994

l. Srilanka 108.0 (8.0) l16.3 (7.7) 132.6 (14.0) 147.9 (l 1.6) 179.7 (2r.5) 201.6 (r2.2) 224.6 (l1.4) 250.9 (l1.7) 272.2 (8.4) 2. Bangladesh lll.0 (r 1.0) r2t.6 (e.5) 133.0 (e.3) 146.3 (10.0) 158. I (8. l) 169.5 (7.2) 176.8 (4.3) 176.8 (0.0) 183. I (3.6) 3. Myanmar (e.3) 109.3 t36.4 (24.8) 158.3 (16.0) 20t.3 (27.2) 236.8 (t7.6) n3.2 (32.3) 381.9 (2r.9) 503.4 (31.8) 624.6 (24.r) 4. India 108.7 (8.7) I 18.3,1 (8.8) t29.4 (e.4) 137.4 (6.2) r49.7 (e.0) t70.5 (13.e) 190.5 (r 1.8) 202.6 (6.4) 223.2 (10.2) 5. Pakistan (3.s) 103.5 108.4 (4.7) 1r7.9 (8.8) 127.2 (7.8) 138.7 (e.l) r55.0 (l r.8) r69.8 (e.5) 185.7 (e.4) 208.9 (12.s) Nepat 6. l19.0 (1e.0) t3 1.8 (10.8) r43.6 (e.0) t56.3 (8.8) t69.2 (8.2) 195.5 (15.6) 229.r (17. r) 246.2 (7,s) 7. Indonesia (s.8) 105.8 I15.6 (e.3) 124.9 (8.0) 133.0 (6.5) 142-9 (7.4) t56.1 (e.2) 167.8 (7.s) r83.2 (e.2) 198.9 (8.6) Philippines 8. r00.8 (0.8) 104.6 (3.8) 1t3.7 (8.8) t27.6 (r2.2) 145.7 (14.1) r72.9 ( 18.7) 188.3 (8.e) 202.6 (7.6) 220.2 (8.7) China Republic 9. of 107.0 (7.0) r16.4 (8.8) 140.5 (20.7) t63.4 (16.3) 165.5 ( 1.3) 173.9 (5.1) r88.8 (8.6) 2r3.8 (r3.2) 265.3 (24.r) 10. Thailand 101.8 ( 1.8) t04..4 (2.s) 108.4 (3.e) 1t4.2 (s.4) t2t.o (s.e) 27.9 (s.7) r33.2 (4.2) t37.9 (3.5) 145.3 (s.4) I l. Malaysia 100.7 (0.7) r01.0 (0.3) 103.6 (2.6) 106.5 (2.8) 109.3* (2.6) t4.l (4.4) I t9.5 (4.7) 128.0 (3.6) r32.7 (3.7) 12. Korea 102.8 (2.8) 105.9 (3.0) I13.5 (7.1) I19.9 (s.7) 130.2 (8.6) 42.8* (e.7) l5 t.7 (b.2) 159.0 (4.8) 168.9 (6.2) 13. Singapore 98.6 G1.4) 99.r (0.s) 100.6* ( 1.5) 103.0x (2.4) 106.6 (3.4) t0.2 (3.4) n2.7 (2.3) I15.3 (2.3) I18.9 (3.1) 14. Japan 100.6 (0.6) 100.7 (0.1) r01.4 (0.7) 1o3.7 (2.3) t06.9 (3.1) 10.4 (3.3) n2.3 (1.7) 113.7 (r.2) 114.4 (0.7) 15. UnitedKingdom 103.4 (3.4) 1o7.7* (4.1) I13.0 (4.e) 121.8 (7.8) t33.4 (e.5) 41.2 (s.e) t46.4 (3.7) t48.7 (l.s) t52.4 (2.s) 16. United States 101.9 (l.e) (3.7) 105.7 109.9 (4.0) n5.2 (4.8) 12r.4 (5.4) 26.6 (4.2) 130.4 (3.0) 134.3 (3.0) t37.7 Q.s) 17. Taipei (Taiwan) 100.7 (0.7) 10t.2 (0.5) 1o2.5 (4.4) 107.0 (4.2) lll.5 (4.1) 15.5 (3.6) r20.7 (4.5) 124.1 (2.8) t29.2 (4.1)

A tl6w !c.i.! of ' itdcx Sourcc6: Irtemdion t Fir|!rci.t Srdilric! - yc!6oot, 199{ NoG: R.!. ofch.rulofthe indcx (*) which b conrid€..d rs K.y lrdicrto.r ofDcvclopiDg Aliu.nd peific Counrict ADB 1995. .n hdicrlc of iDnitior nr. i! giv.n within prr.ntlrclis. 62

72 CONSIJMER, PRICE INDICES T9& - IW

Item l9E6 rgtl r98t l9E!f 19ql yyrl !r!n r993 r9!A

1. Colombo Congumen' Hce Index (1952-lfif) l.l All ltcms (Average) 606.0 652.8 74.1 830.2 1,008.6 I, 131 .5 r,2ffi.4 1,40E.4 t,527-4 1.2 Commodity-wise Sub Indices Food ul.4 697.O 802.0 884.6 r,090.9 1,220.3 1,366.0 1,519.4 t,654.1 Clothing 374.5 ,100.9 419.E 490.0 610.2 678.4 723.6 782.7 795.7 Fucl and Light t,347.6 1,35E.7 1,535.1 l,7 tE.9 1,934.2 2,252.2 2,334.3 2,730.0 3,131.6 Rent 109.8 109.E r(B.E 109.8 109.8 109.8 109.E 109.8 109.E Miscellaneous 599.7 650.7 742.6 860.2 1,021.0 1,146.0 l,3lE.7 r,490.4 1,578.7

2. Grcrter Colombo Conrumers'Hce Indcr (Jan-Iune f$9-100) l.l All ltems (Average) t24.6 138.9 152.0 164.8 t72.6 1.2 Commodity-wise Sub IndicPs Food and Drinks 129.2 t44.4 158.4 r72.2 t79.1 Liquor,Tobacco"Betel and Arecanuts t23.8 t37.9 1s8.9 lE0.l 194.9 Housing 100.4 103.3 109.1 109.3 109.5 Fuel and Light I15.3 r29.9 135.0 1s7.9 184.8 Clothing and Foot wear 140.9 168.2 175.8 190.3 197.8 Personal care. Hedth Services, nl.7 r27.1 143.0 t54.9 165.3 Hous€hold Goods and Services Tlansport and Telecommunications I16.6 145.8 r61.7 163.5 r&.3 Miscellancous I 18.5 128.1 130.6 134.3 149.3

Sources :Dept.of Census and Statistics Central Bank ofsri Lanka 63

7.3 WHOLESALE PRICE INDEX (194 - lfit) l9t6 - 1994

Item l9t6 l9t7 l9tt l9t9 1990 1991 r9!y2 1993 t9% All Items (Average) ffi.0 4t+9 4E,t.7 532.9 651.1 710.t 773.0 t3l.t tTtA Commodity-wisc Sub Indices 2.1 Food 324.1 385.7 47 t.9 493.3 599.2 u9.l 720.O 770.4 760.4 2.2 Alcoholic Drinks 394.8 4t.0 502.9 573.O 668.9 776.4 886.6 956.2 969.2 Textile & Foot wear 2.3 309.8 323.4 329.4 343.6 Q4.7 426.3 4r8.7 452.1 482.9 2.4 Paper Products 419.5 432.7 452.2 s50. I 722.5 747.4 7M.9 745.2 76t.6 2.5 C-hemicals & Chemicals Products 233.9 227.3 259.4 291.9 423.8 495.4 531.0 542.2 550.4 2.6 Petroleum Products 6E5. I 685. I 68s. I 7623 938.4 l, r05. r |, 135.7 r,240.8 1,295.0 Non Metallic 2.7 Products 62t.7 594.2 658.2 735.9 t,t3t.4 r,262.1 r,356.0 |,566.8 l,g96.l 2.8 Metal hoducts 318. I 322.7 358.6 46,9.6 568.6 566.5 588.4 659.1 698.2 2.9 TransportEquipment 308.0 313.8 32t.3 39s.9 505.4 568.4 623.2 660.0 682.2 2. l0 Electrical Appliance & Supplies 293.1 308.4 346.1 427.8 532.7 600.3' 603.3 635.4 691.8 2.1I Machinery 2t7.5 235.5 2&.4 285.7 375.1 Q9.7 40.4 492.7 547.O 2.12 Fuel & Light 692.6 723.2 754.3 1,ffi2.9 t,233.7 t,289.4 r,290.s rsu.5 t,739.3 2.13 Miscellaneous 545.5 6/]9.0 827.1 t,051.2 1,t67.5 1,214.8 1,323.2 1,480.0 2,050.5

3. Sector-wisc Su b Indices Domestic 3.1 327.0 3.10.5 383.3 466.0 s90.3 660.5 697.3 737.6 833.6 3.2 Import 3ss.0 362.s 40.3.4 458.7 578.8 6t4.3 634.4 67t.6 702.O 3.3 Export 466.3 w.6 826.9 772.1 874.2 939.E t,t09.2 l,?35.5 I,l69.l 3.4 Consumer 2m6.5 345.4 489.6 519.5 631.3 68E.s 7ffi.1 8t4.3 8r E.8 Intermediate 3.5 434.4 4/;9.9 495.3 588.4 7t4.1 781. I 807.4 874.5 I,A29.l 3.6 Investment &t.7 396.7 439.3 503.6 7W.4 769.3 824.9 93E.3 l,@4.8

Source : Central Bank ofSri l,anka g

7.4 AVERAGE PRODUCER PRICES [N6 - I994

Commodity Unit 19E6 1987 r9EE l9E9 1990 l99l 1992 r993 l994(a)

Paddy Kg. 4.20 4.49 4.72 6.34 8.00 8.4 9.04 9.26 t.50

Up Country Yegetables 2.1 Beans - Butter Kg 6.45 7.08 7.76 8.47 |l.56 12.t4 t2.46 t2.97 17.01 2.2 Catot Kg 6.95 7.29 7.70 8.33 10.45 10.7 | t2.69 t2.96 t7.49 2.3 Beet Root Kg 6.49 6.38 6.68 7.33 9.94 I t.66 t2.64 13.58 18.39

Low Country Vegetables 3.1 Pumpkin - Red Kg. 3.19 2.78 3.O4 3.77 5.06 5.59 559 5.56 6.31 3.2 Brinjals - Home Kg. 4.24 7.92 8.4s r0.62 3.3 Curry Chillies Kg. 7.78 8. l3 8.68 r0.14 14.93 r 8.14 18.70 19.62 26.97 3.4 Limes Kg. t2.47 t3.69 t3.9 | 13.61 t8.66 27.20 28.97 20.64 28.84

Yams 4.1 Potatoes Kg. r3.40 t2.63 16.l9 16.14 21.96 32.t9 3 r.36 30.67 38.55 4.2 Manioc Kg. 1.86 2.OO 2.29 2.41 3. l8 3.62 4.t2 4.43 4.88 4.3 Sweet Potatoes Kg. 3.s9 3.86 4.29 4.88 5.92 7.55 7.60 8.06 9.21

Eggs 2.44 5. I Eggs Ordinary Each t.43 r.36 1.52 r.80 2.tl 2.10 2.21 2.2s

Sea Fish I I 1.28 6.1 Seer - Thora Kg. 35.9 | 36.13 43.60 46.34 60.50 78.49 r00.58 94.44 67.27 77.46 6.2 Trevally - Parawa Kg. 28.1 | 28.47 32.t4 36.80 47.27 60.20 76.0t 6.3 Skip Jack - Balaya Kg. t9.74 20.63 26.15 27.04 34.89 44.96 54.26 56.92 65.ss 6.4 Tuna - Kelawalla Kg. 22.92 23.49 29.94 30.t3 38.93 51.50 63.93 65.92 77.73 6.5 Shark - Mora Kg. r8.35 20.13 25.34 2't.34 32.81 39.45 46.94 47.03 56.35 6.6 Sardine - Salaya Kg. I t.74 12.43 t4.75 16.06 22.76 27.64 31.39 28.99 3s.36

(a) Provisional (Continued) 65

7.4 AVERAGE PRODUCER PRICES 1986 - 1994 (Contd)

Commodity Unit r986 1987 19EE r9E9 r990 L99l 1992 1993 r994(a)

7. Dried Fish 7.2 Seer - Thora Kg. 4.14 44.t7 44.23 53.09 66. r9 76.40 133. l3 103.75 96.88 7.3 Shark - Mora Kg. 33.77 38.55 43.74 45.27 52.06 65.52 73.18 55.00 70.00 7.4 Skip Jack - Balaya Kg. 30.66 28.81 39.94 38.76 47.96 54.47 68.50 56.92 &.29 7.5 Queen Fish - Kattawa Kg. 38.79 40.09 38.84 45.77 6t.48 71.33 97.82 t03.41 L0/.32 7.6 Sprats Kg. 39.t2 40.02 40.47 38.59 52.27 50.81 66.28 47.50 66.88

Pulses 8.1 Green Grams (Big Seeds Kg. 14.99 I 1.99 14.00 22.34 2t.27 20.37 23.15 23.61 24.06 8.2 Cowpea MI35 (White) Kg. t1.46 9.27 10. t5 15.38 17.04 t3.23 15.78 16.97 16.98 8.3 Sorghum Kg. 4.00 8.00 s.00 I t.80 8.63 r 2.50 28.00 7.00 9. Curry Stuff 9.1 Dried Chillies (Grade I) Kg. 3t.82 35.54 38.34 47.90 67.69 98.32 toz.t4 93.28 86.48 9.2 Pepper Kg. r02.23 I t2.08 83.72 85.2l 66.86 52.40 37.74 42.t2 72.90 9.3 Turmeric (Dried) Kg. 4l.l I 36.64 38.73 39.25 41.55 48.96 53. l5 53.24 57.92 l0.Spices l0.l Red Onions (Large) Kg. I 1.88 8.87 I t.83 9.37 22.72 28.50 t9.t2 22.65 34.46 10.2 Cloves Kg. t57.31 94.22 n7.56 102.98 93.43 97.5r 76.52 46.42 49.28 10.3 Cardamoms Kg. t97.29 l30.3 r t26.16 126.88 t65.26 155.68 204.72 338.92 29s.O5 10.4 Cinnamon Quills Kg. 37.42 42.92 66. l5 99. l5 t39.87 t42.t0 149.50 139.35 t47.69 ll.Coconuts I l.l Coconu Est-Each 0.92 1.90 3.14 2.t7 2.12 2.97 4.23 4.86 3.83 I1.2 Copra No. I 250 Kgs. 1,U9.76 2,22t.78 3,908.67 2,542.53 2,396.84 3,740.77 5,359. r4 59nJ3 4,7 | | .30 I 1.3 Coconut Charcoal 50 Kgs. t27.37 16r.79 206.23 233.76 238.07 2s3.90 320.77 353.41 384.99

(a) Provisional (Continued) 66

7.4 AVERAGE PRODUCER PRICES 1985 - l9!A (Contn)

Commodity Unit l9E6 r9t7 I9EE r9t9 1990 t99l r9v2 r993 r9%(a)

12.Fruits 12. I Pineapple - (Murusi) 50 Kgs t45.52 r98.09 236.O1 257.98 270.24 3 18.88 380.63 413.88 527.50 12.2 Banana - (Kol i kuttu) 50 Kgs 355.45 383.94 422.01 439.42 529. l0 606.42 800.67 9&.42 977.03 12.3 Banana- (Ambul) 50 Kgs t58.23 216.03 237.63 269.77 3 r 8.05 374.47 468.9 537.54 5s5.93 l3.Betel and Arecanut l3.l Betel 1,000 45.07 49.53 47.12 69.75 72.62 78.77 t23.05 90.06 127.8s I 3.2 Arecanut (Seasoned) 1,000 73.69 78.3 | t28.71 I t9.93 t23.41 158.73 25t.52 730.26 310.36 l4.Jaggeryand Eoney 14.l Coconut(Jaggery) Kg. 16.21 t5.52 16.82 22-96 29.17 30.05 n.52 6.t5 48.55 14.2 Sugar Cane (Jaggery) Kg. 8.96 l3.83 12.77 15.78 18. t9 r6.51 17.76 24.76 22.90 14.3 Coconut (Honey) 750 ml. t5.10 t7.72 t8.47 24.11 25.65 29.88 32.68 34.14 36.38 14.4 Sugar Cane (Honey) 750 ml. 9.52 13.03 t3.97 t6.u 20.47 26.63 14.t2 13.79 t3.t7 l5.Building Materiels l5.l Bricks t,000 457.49 451.82 50 t.66 560. t7 68 | .83 796.98 884.01 1,013.35 1,237.41 15.2 Sand Cube 92.M 94.7 | tw.26 r29.74 t56.62 209.83 2r8.6 255.27 312.52 t5.3 Metal3/4" Cube 673.42 7 t7.91 802. 16 932.89 1,122.98 t,400.39 1,522.24 r,&7.57 1,803.66

16.Others 16. I Coffee seeds Kg. 58.80 4t.56 4t.50 n.97 29.28 27.t3 26.71 30.83 6t.27 16.2 Cocoa Kg. 40.73 37.43 34.55 30.78 27.84 33.31 43.19 35.80 39.03 16.3 Tea Leaves Kg. 3.49 4.62 5.35 6.38 9.26 8.24 8.12 9.67 8.63

(a) Provisional Sources: Country-Wide Data Collection System, Central Bank ofSri Lanka. 67

7.5 AVERAGD RETAIL PRICES OF SELECTED CONSUMER ITEI\4S 1986' - 1994

Commodity Unit 1986 t987 19EE r989 1990 tv)l t99l 1993 r9%(a)

1. Rice l.l Samba (Highest) Kg. 10.64 | 1.62 12.43 15.08 19.79 20.21 2t.39 22.62 22.51 1.2 ParBoiled Kg. 7.65 7.95 8.46 I 1.85 14.68 14.89 15.82 15.99 15.75 1.3 Kekulu Kg. 7.96 8.25 8.68 1.92 t4.78 t5.t l t6.72 16.68 16.24

2. Up Country Vegetables 2.1 Beans(Butter) Kg. il.63 I 1.68 13.46 14.30 19.49 20.59 21.07 22.44 28.s3 2.2 Carrot Kg. t2.55 12.67 13.91 t4.82 r9.30 20.58 21.93 23.05 29.35 2.3 Beet Root Kg. 1o.97 t0.76 I t.90 t2.20 17.o4 t9.88 20.46 22.56 29.13

3. Low Country Vegetables 3.1 Pumpkin Red Kg. 5.45 5.27 5.72 6.78 8.62 10.08 10.41 t0.26 I r.66 3.2 Brinjals (Chena) Kg. 6. l8 5.93 6.74 7.86 l t.38 I l.6l | 3.39 14. t5 18.04 3.3 Curry Chillies Kg. t2.27 12.34 t3.56 t5.50 22.17 25.66 27.63 29.42 36.1 I 3.4 Limes Kg. 20.50 23.58 23.71 22.72 32.48 42.O8 57.80 39.60 58.70 4. Yans 4.1 Potatoes Kg. 17.55 16.54 21.35 22.33 29.52 45.00 41.63 42.53 5 1.54 4.2 Manioc Kg. 3. t0 3.36 3.78 4.t4 5.32 6.rr 6.78 7.08 7.92 4.3 SweetPotatoes Kg. 5.5 | 6.O7 6.71 7.54 9.34 I t.36 r2.18 12.56 t4.27

5. Meat and Eggs 5.1 Beef(withoutbones) Kg. 26.26 29.50 33.73 40.27 50.20 67.t9 7t.36 74.42 77.9s 5.2 Mutton (with bones) Kg. 5t.20 58.t5 66.04 75.31 9t.84 r08.07 r r5.52 l16.85 t23.61 5.3 Pork Kg. 36.04 37.23 40.t0 46.76 6t.52 66.77 66.22 70.22 74.01 5.4 Chicken (Ordinary) Kg. 46.98 47.t0 52.43 60.04 74.40 79.31 83.76 86.74 88.75 5.5 Eggs (Farm) Each t.67 t.47 1.70 2.32 2.46 2.51 2.61 2.67

(a) Provisional (Continued) 68

7.5 AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES Otr. SELECTED CONSUMER IIEMS l9E6 - 1994 (Contd)

Commodity Unit r9t5 t9t7 r98E 1989 1990 t99l tD2 1993 r994(a)

6. SeaFish 6.1 Seer-Thora Kg. 61.87 66.66 79.30 83.53 100.50 130.37 15 t.97 t55.49 180.62 6.2 Trevally - Parawa Kg. 46.51 49.97 59.O2 62.O2 77.02 101.69 1t9.47 n9.62 136.78 e 6.3 Skip Jack - Balaya Kg. 36.78 38.14 6.45 48.t9 58.21 75.89 88.07 91.37 t02.70 6.4 Tuna - Kelawalla Kg. 39.77 42.57 51.97 53.77 65.24 85.58 tor.74 106.42 t20.33 aF 6.5 Shark - Mora Kg. 33.39 35.00 42.t8 43.79 52.38 66.10 76-68 81.38 92.69 F 6.6 Sardine - Salaya Kg. 19.66 20-22 25.14 25.60 30.58 4r.w 47.41 49.43 55.03

7. Dried Fish 7.1 Seer - Thora Kg. 69.80 7t.34 80.64 89.93 r 16.58 146.87 166.58 170.55 186.69 7.2 Shark - Mora Kg. 47.29 48. l8 56.28 58.50 74.W 89.78 96.5s 103.31 l15.76 7.3 Skip Jack - Balaya Kg. 46.49 45.43 53.47 53.92 65.84 79.59 86.69 92.32 102.05 7.4 QueenFish - Kattawa Kg. 59.36 60.85 70.rr 74.85 104.81 r30.25 14.r'..v2 149.36 16l.14 7.5 Sprats Kg. 46.98 52.49 56.01 57.85 65.90 70.35 78.48 u.26 101.95

E. Pulses 8.1 Green Grams - Seed Kg. 2t.47 16.59 20.17 30.55 26.79 28.t4 31.65 3r.22 34.00 8.2 Dhal - Mysoor Kg. 33.30 32.46 32.74 33.09 50.89 54.62 57.42 56.77 35.34 8.3 Dhal - Kadala Kg. 54.12 50.87 48.37 45.26 39.43 9. CurryStufis 9. I Dried Chillies (Grade l ) Kg. 41.80 6.97 67.s9 77.72 89.22 t25.32 r25.62 I17.00 r09.35 9.2 Pepper Kg. 137.68' 156.60 t33.00 122.5r r09.3r 89.98 69.4 68-22 9t-25 9.3 Tamarind Kg. r8.90 15.63 15.82 r7.70 2r.24 22.63 vl.M 24.30 25.55 9.4 Coriander Kg. 20.50 25.W 29.96 32.24 34.46 38.37 46.O3 48.EE 2t8.03 9.5 Turmeric (Dried) Kg. 63.93 56.38 54.50 63.80 7t.90 75.n 81.30 88.50 87.00 9.6 Garlic Kg. 34.23 38.62 42.N 53.70 59.00 77.40 72.80 73.90 65.50

(a) Provisional (Continucd) 69

7.5 AVERAGE RETAIL PRICF,S OF SELECTED CONST MER IITMS 1986 - 1994 (Contd)

Commodity Unit r9E6 [n7 r9E8 r9E9 1990 l99l t99! 1993 r994(a)

l0.Spices 10. I Red Onions (Large) Kg. t7.74 13.52 t7.91 14.8 | 36.60 43.89 29.79 36.2s 50.50 10.2 Cummin Seeds Kg. 43.54 66.& 63.20 68.80 69.60 94.70 126.80 156.70 149.@ 10.3 Fennel Seeds Kg. 29.80 30.07 30.60 39. r0 46.40 60.60 6.40 73.1O 74.80 10.4 Mathe Seeds Kg. 24.65 25.29 33.40 42.40 46.60 52.50 5 r.50 53.30 56. l0 10.5 Cinnamon Quills Kg. 53.0 | 55.78 78.27 I17.0t 153.02 175.08 188.80 196.00 194.80 ll.Coconuts I l. I Coconuts (Medium) Each t.52 2.68 4.27 3.20 3. l8 4.28 5.58 6.81 5.37 I 1.2 Coconut Oil 750 ml. 8.04 14.17 26.60 18.70 16.80 25.37 33.26 36.77 32.14 Il.trtuits l2.l Pineapple (Murusi) 2 kgs e.93(b) I r.95 t2.51 13.29 t6.48 18.22 21.59 22.24 23.72 12.2 King Coconut each 3.r8 3.44 3.83 3.84 4.50 5.09 12.3 Banana - Kolikuttu each 1.29 t.53 1.76 t.94 2.43 2.83 3.23 3.55 3.68 l2.4Banana- Ambul each o.49 0.60 0.69 0.92 t.0l 1.26 1.45 1.67 t.76 l3.Milk Foods and Beverages l3.l Fresh Milk (Dairy) 750 ml. 4.7l 5.01 5.46 6.15 7.59 8.36 9.r9 9.76 10.75 13.2 Tea (BOP) Kg. 65.04 67.22 70.50 78.47 100.98 r06. l7 r00.07 t02.78 103.75 13.3 Coffee Powder Kg. 147.30 158.00 158.80 [email protected] 16s.60 169.50 169.50 165.90 t70.Q (a) Provisional (Continued) (b) hice for each 70

7.5 AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES OF SELECTED CONSTJMER IIEMS T9ff - 1994 (CONtd.)

Commodity Unit 1986 1987 r9tt 19t9 1990 l99l r9v2 r993 1994(a)

14. Tobacco & Tobacco Products t6.77 t6.61 14.l Chewing Tobacco - Jaffna Each 5.92 5.08 5.r8 5.32 8.6r t3.34 r6.09 14.2 Cigarettes 14.2.1 Four Aces Each 0.79 o.92 l.l I l.4l t.70 r.96 14.2.2 Three Roses Each 0.89 t.00 1.20 1.47 t.77 2.W 2.32 2.50 2.& 14.2.3 Bristol Each 0.90 1.00 1.20 t.50 |.77 2.00 2.34 2.51 2.68

15. Clothlng 45.62 l5.l Poplin - Local Metre t8.54 r9.35 20.45 26.32 42.11 47.81 43.49 45.33 t46.93 152.23 15.2 Sarongs Each 72.36 77.60 82.26 96.00 t22.96 r38.83 t39.29 470.50 48 1.38 497.56 15.3 Sarees Each 293.71 353.06 473.10 493.30

16. Soap 7.01 7.O2 l6.l Sunlight Tablet 2.91 3.l6 4.31 4.66 4.89 5.8l 6.89 16.2 SnowWhite Tablet 2.89 2.91 4.06 4.48 4.62 5.23 36.68 37.01 16.3 Sovereign Bar Bar 14.97 t4.43 20.56 24.25 25.t3 26.50 35.40 9.r3 9.49 16.4 Rexona Tablet 3.95 3.97 4.4 4.61 4.88 6.18 7.34

17. Frrel&Light I1.08 t2.0t l7.l Kerosene Litre 7.27 7.31 7.16 7. l8 7.65 9.42 9.73 77.79 17.2 FircWood 50 Kgs. 29.36 3t.t5 34.17 39.65 48.61 56.04 58.5l 63.93 l. 15 1.24 17.3 Safety Marches Box 0.50 0.50 0.55 o.72 0.90 0.99 t.00

Data Collection System' (a). hovisional Source: Country-Wide Central Bank of Sri Lanka. 7l

7.6 AVERAGE DAILY WAGE RATES IN AGRICTJLTTJRE AND BT]ILDINC CONSTRUCTION 19''6, - 1994

Activity I}peof Labour r9ff r9t7 r98E 1989 1990 r991 t9v2 r993 1994(e) l. PaddyFarming l.l PloughingwithPloughs M 45.55 50.06 59.t3 66.35 87.54 103.35 tt2.t4 130.25 157.50 1.2 Ploughing with Mammoties M 39.87 42.50 46.42 57.O3 71.46 85.07 95.77 I 15. t5 124.38 1.3 Sowing M 42.55 46.57 50.50 55.r 5 75.33 90.99 r03.4r I14.68 125.00 1.4 Transplanting M 38.66 42.33 4.28 50.15 72.50 82.98 95.89 t0/'.34 125.00 F 30.50 32.99 35.08 39.90 55.71 6.r4 73.55 81.88 95.95 1.5 Manuring M 40.55 4.O7 47.81 54.75 69.16 82.7s 94.t1 108.31 t23.tl 1.6 Spraying M 49.10 52.77 ffi.20 68.58 82.29 96.91 112.49 t29.56 r47.37 1.7 Weeding M 37.27 38.80 39.00 49.25 63.09 74.74 91.88 98.47 t22-50 F 29.25 3t.87 34.08 38.42 52.20 &.66 69.92 77.92 97.88 1.8 Hanesting M 41.55 43.68 46.08 50.53 70.29 84-82 92.50 104.16 114.4 F 31.55 33.23 35.98 4t.34 55.41 69.18 74.66 84.16 98.75 1.9 Threshing M 43.48 46.04 49.86 59.85 79.t7 100.30 99.73 I13.43 127.22 l.l0Winnowing M 42.82 4.81 50.83 58.32 73.O2 92.O2 l0l.9l I15.52 r2t.25 F 30.82 32.98 37.21 4.01 s4.20 53.26 69.79 79.55 71.00

2. Coconut 2.1 DiggingPits M 42.30 46.t2 51.28 59.79 72.37 92.O7 l05.z16 t25.47 158.64 2.2 Planting M 37.88 42.40 45.30 55.09 68.58 80.68 95.81 r09.49 143.75 F 27.92 3r.00 33.45 38.33 55.84 57.84 66.85 75-53 y2.50 2.3 Manuring M 38.02 42.t0 47.53 55.49 69.07 84.36 r00.trr I15.48 r42.50 F 29.s7 31.77 35.05 39.74 50.93 58.35 6i1.06 78.52 105.00 2.4 Plucking M 55.66 58.98 &.77 75.73 90.08 n2.73 142.72 160.ll 189.23 2.5 Collecting Nuts M 34.05 37.66 41.81 48.59 59.81 73.U 89.08 99.00 1t4.74 F 26.4 29.22 31.95 34.86 46.-84 54.94 64.05 72.06 80.36 2.6 Husking M 52.51 56.48 g.7l 72.29 87.50 1o7.43 127.95 t4t.79 167.89

(Cotxirued) 72

7.6 AVERAGE DAILY WAGE RATES IN AGRICLLTURE AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 1986 - rglA (Contd)

Type of 19t6 r99l r9v2 1993 r9%(e) Activity Labour t9t7 r9tt 1989 1990

3. Tea 3.1 Preparation of Land M 33.76 34.90 39.56 39.96 55.81 6E.08 79.93 89. l3 96.43 3.2 Planting M 34.O7 35.61 39.55 42.47 60.41 72.51 83.55 94.94 94.17 F 25.98 27.30 30.98 33.95 48.96 53.65 62.50 69.74 72.0O 3.3 Manuring M 33.40 34.98 38.73 4t.46 57.20 70.57 8 r.38 92.40 96.00 3.4 Weeding M 3t.79 32.69 37.69 40.74 s3.93 66.50 77.57 87.80 94.58 F 25. t0 26.97 30.70 34.O3 44.78 s2.37 61.14 68. l4 70.00 3.5 Pruning M 43.66 50.38 53.43 57.69 74.10 89.33 103.14 |6.42 t22.78 3.6 Plucking M 30.36 31.69 33.62 38.18 52.31 61.42 71.67 8t.12 89.00 F 26.1| 26.38 4.27 s2.97 61.43 71.00 75.77 Rubber 4.1 Uprooting and Cleaning M 38.69 41.78 47.50 53.34 67.t5 84.21 97.96 trt.23 12 1.88 4.2 Pla-nting M 37.66 40.00 45.27 5 t.95 67.35 80.28 95.94 106.34 r 15.00 4.3 Planting of Creepers M 34.72 36.97 41.87 45.20 63.01 75.57 94.4 to2.99 109.00 F 25.69 29.27 32.96 35.69 49.92 60.45 69.38 7 1.t6 78.75 4.4 Pruning M 37.s9 39.69 43.34 48.37 65.58 78.48 94.03 101.35 107.50 4.5 Manuring M 38.75 40.36 46.12 53.1 I 68.03 80.56 94.95 103. l8 ttt.67 4.6 Spraying M 40.95 4t.85 42.36 47.21 76.24 84.56 1o3.42 l16.31 108.33 4.7 Tapping M 32.27 34.46 38.91 42.39 53.87 6r.78 67.83 77.35 9t.67 F 29.06 3t.t5 34.68 37.& 46. l8 53.17 55.79 63.62 80.00 Building Construction 5.1 Carpenry 5.1.1 MasterCarpenter M 74.61 80.22 88.87 102.82 120.72 t43.26 t62.46 t83.47 213.67 5.1.2 Skilled Helper M 50.92 55. r0 62.01 71.54 85.79 102.99 120.0 t36.02 r57.& 5.1.3 Unskilled Helper M 3'1.87 40.61 45.29 53.03 9.86 77.42 89.62 t04.74 120.50 5.2 Masonry 5.2.1 MasterMason M 72.30 77.97 84.99 97.29 I t5.00 r37.62 t51.92 178.84 208.93 5.2.2 Skilled Helper M 49.60 53.76 59.95 69.35 82.87 l0l.0l 117.47 133.20 r52.45 5.2.3 Unskilled Helper M 37.36 40.35 4.74 52.26 u.97 76.67 89.t5 103.,16 I18.03

(a) Provisional M-Male F-Female Sources : Country-Wide Data Collection System, Note: These wage rates represent payment in cash without meals. Central Bank of Sri Lanka. 73

7.7 COST INDICES BY TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION I99O - 1994 (1990 = lffi)

Modern Semi Permenant All Non-residential Atl All Year Quarter Housing Housing Ilousing Building Civil Works Construction

1990 l"'Quarter 93.7 92.6 93.6 94.4 95.8 94.6 2d Quarter 95.9 93.6 95.7 96.0 96.6 96. I 3d Quarter 1o3.2 t04.4 t03.4 102.5 101.6 r02.5 40 Quarter r07.2 t09.4 t07.3 107. I 106.0 r06.8 l99r la Quarter r06.5 I l1.9 r06.8 t07.9 t12.6 ro9.2 2d Quarter t06.2 ll4.4 106.7 t07.7 I12.8 to9.2 3d Quarter 108.3 I14.0 108.7 108.2 I 14.5 I10.8 46 Quarter r09.9 I t6.2 r r0.3 109.4 I16.4 1t2.4

1992 lu Quarter 1t2.7 t20.3 lr3.2 I r2.0 I t7.8 tt4.7 2d Quarter I15.5 t23.6 I16.0 l l5.l 120.3 I17.5 3d Quarter I 19.8 t24.8 120.1 | 18.7 t22.4 t20.7 4h Quarter t2t.3 128.3 tzt.7 l 19.l t22.4 12t.4 t993 l"'Quarter 123.4 t30.1 t23.9 t2l.l 123.8 t23.3 2d Quarter 125.5 r3t.5 t25.8 123.4 125.3 125.1 3d Quarter t28.4 134.7 128.8 127.0 129.7 128.8 4t Quarter 132.O 137.7 132.3 129.7 133.6 r32.3

1994 l'r Quarter 135.5 14t.2 135.9 t32.4 134.8 134.8 2d Quafter r35.5 r45.3 136.1 132.7 136.0 t35.4 3d Quarter t39.4 r48.1 140.0 136.0 139.8 139.r 4h Quarter t40.8 t52.0 l4 1.5 t36. I 140. l 139.9

Source: lnstitute for Construction Training and Development. 74

8.1 MONETARY AND FISCAL II\DICATORS: SRI LAI\KA COMPARED WITII SELECTED COUNTRIES - 1994

Indicator Sri India Pakis- Bangla- Indo. Philipp Thai- Malay- Rep. of Singa- Lanka tan desh nesia ines land sia Korea Pore

l. Resene Money, Mn. US S 1,3 86 49,t90 9,243 2,93s 7,640 7,250 13,120 t4,ffi 31,370 10,198 2. Nrrow Money (Mr), Mn. US S t,426 52,693 14,2U 2,985 t4, I 88 6,053 13,773 21,N6 40,64 15,327 3. Bro 3,889 t46,146 23,370 9,770 s8,660 29,284 n2,497 62,938 t65,159 6t,529 3.1 20.2 20.7 27.4 t4.6 9.6 12.4 8.5 9.6 9.8 10.0 3.2 16.4 15.4 33.5 r6.0 t4.6 8.3 3.7 24.4 14.5 t4.9 3.3 63.3 63.9 39.0 69.4 75.8 79.2 87.7 66.0 75.6 75.1 4. Rrtcof Chengeof Money, % (e) 4.1 Nanow Money 18.7 24.3 l5.l 28.7 7.9 I t.3 t6.9 r6.8 I1.9 2.3 4.2 Broad Money 19.2 16.6 17.4 19.3 19.8 24.5 12.8 12.7 18.7 t4.4 5. Monetery Survey 5.1 Net Foreign Assets (NFA), Mn. US $ 1,050 18,958 1,388 2,851 tt,787 4,765 5,817 23,5t6 25,63 53,577 NFA as % M, 27.O 13.0 5.9 29.2 23.s t6.3 5.2 37.4 15.5 87. I 5.2 Domcstic Crcdit (DC), Mn. US $ 3,988 146,752 26,079 7,858 60,675 29,878 l3 1,300 61,194 23t,768 41,(M9 DC as % of Mt 102.5 r00.4 ll t.6 E0.4 103.4 102.0 tt6.7 97.2 139.8 66.7 5.3 Net Other ltcms, Mn. US $ -1.150 -19,5@ 4,@7 -938 - I s,802 -5,359 -24.620 -21,77 | -91,652 -33,097 5. Money Multiplier 6,1 Narrow Money Multiplier 1.03 1.07 1.54 t.o2 1.86 0.83 1.05 1.46 t.29 1.50 6.2 Brcad Money Multiplier 2.80 2.97 2.53 3.33 7.6E 4.04 8.5E 4.29 5.28 6.03 7. Income Velocily o? Money 7.1 Vclocity of M, 8. l7 5.45 3.63 8.95 8.59 10.95 10.47 3.07 9.31 4.49 7.2 Velocity of M, 3.00 r.96 2.21 2.73 2.08 2.26 t.24 t.04 2.27 l.l I t. I'iscsl Opentlon Indlcrton (Percent of GDP) 8.1 Government Revenue t9.7 t6.6 r 8.2 l l.E | 5.9 17.7 18.2 25.6 19.2 31.9 8.2 Tax Rcvenue t7.2 13.4 9.5 t4.7 15.6 r6.5 19.6 16.8 15. I E.3 Currcnt Expenditure 20.5 t5.5 19.8 8.8 8.9 15.4 l 1.9 t9.8 15.3 r6.0 8.4 Capiol Erpendiore 6.7 0.8 6.4 8.5 7.4 3.6 4.6 5.6 2.3 5.0 8.5 Budget Surplus/Deficit (-) -8.4 -2.3 -8.0 -5.5 -0.4 -1.4 1.9 o.2 -o-2 10.6

t9E6 t9E7 IgEE t989 1990 1991 1992 1993 t994 9. Intemrtionel Intereet Rrtca, tb @eriod Averegc) 9.1 LIBOR on US Dollar Deposits - 3 Months 6.86 7. l8 7.98 9.28 8.31 5.99 3.86 3.29 4.74 6 Months 6.85 7.30 8. l3 9.27 E.35 6.0E 3.90 3.41 5.07 12 Months 5.95 7.61 8.41 9.31 8.45 6.29 4.20 3.@ 5.50 9.2 LIBOR on Pound Sterling Deposits - 3 Months 10.97 9.80 10.36 13.94 t4.79 1.67 9.70 6.05 5.54 9.3 US Treasury bill Rarc - 3 Months 5.97 5.83 6.67 8.1l 7.51 5.41 3.46 3.02 4.27

(a) Cornpurcd ftom amounts in Domestic Currency Sourcess : Intemational Financial statistics-IMF Noe: Data on Item l-7 for Indonesia is for 1992 Key Indicators of Developing Asian & Pacific Countries, 1995-ADB and ltem 8 for Singaporc is for 1990. Cenral Bank of Sri I-anka 75

82 RESERVE MONEY [N6 - 1994 Rs. Million Item l9E6 t987 l9E8 r9E9 r990 l99l t9y2 r993 1994 l. Resene Money

l.l Currency Holdings t2,862 r5,060 20,363 2t,t2l 23,890 27,5t3 30,486 35,949 43,08 | Public I I,570 t3,495 18,487 r9,650 22,t20 24,852 27,281 32,t33 38,906 Commercial Banks |,292 t,565 t,876 t,47 | |,770 2,661 3,205 3,8t6 4,r75 1.2 Commercial Banks Deposits with the Central Bank 5,045 4,047 5,033 5,59'l 7,458 12,426 14,326 20,466 24,832 1.3 Deposits of Govt. Agencies with the Central Bank t23 t63 t60 69 221 107 36 53 142 TOTAL 18,030 1927O zs,5s6 26,787 31,569 40,046 4,84E 56,469 6,8,055 2. Factors Determining Reserve Money 2.1 Net Foreign Assets 7,076 6,454 3,478 t,678 4,675 r3,486 21,M8 45,725 60,0 r3 Gross lnternational Reserves 9,539 8,838 7,6t5 9,961 16,397 28,954 40,387 76,694 9s,67 | Less: Foreign Liabil ities 2,463 2,384 4,t37 8,283 1t,722 r5,468 19,339 30,969 35,658 2.2 Net Credit to Government 23,135 24,601 32,917 33,97 | 34,602 36,954 37,938 23,008 25,006 Gross Credit 24,847 26,157 36,439 36,741 38,206 45,981 40,604 24,8tO 27,818 Government & Govt. guaranteed securities 20,221 20,888 30,24 29,141 27,044 29,864 2t,802 3,9s4 5,100 Advances 4,626 5,269 6,1 95 7,600 1,t62 t6,l t7 18,802 20,856 22,7 t9 Less.. Govt. Deposits with the Central Bank t.7l I t,553 3,514 2,765 3,s93 9,0t7 2,655 l,801 2,812 Govt. Currency Holdings I 3 8 5 ll t0 ll I I 2.3 Credit to Financial lnstitutions 3,152 3,496 3,854 4,313 7,330 5,34 5,763 4,903 3,376 2.4 Net Other Assets the of Central Bank - r5,333 - 15,28 I -14,693 -t3,t7 5 - 15,038 - t5,738 - t9,90r -r7,r68 -20,340 Other Assets s,626 6,953 7,424 | 1,756 t5,529 r5,556 14,500 27,227 29,091 Less.' Other Liabilities 20,959 22,234 22,1t7 24,931 30,567 3t,294 34,401 4,39s 49,431 (ReserveMoney) TOTAL 1E,030 19270 255s0 26,7E7 31,569 n,M6 4,t4t s6A6t 6t,055

Source : Central Bank ofSri Lanka 76

E.3 MONEY STJPPLY I9t6 - ID4 Rs. Million

Item l9E6 r9E7 r9Et r9E9 r990 r99l 1992 1993 1994

Monetary Aggregates 27,522.5 30,496.2 35,949.3 43,081.1 l. Currency in Circulation t2,863.2 r 5,063. l 20,371.3 21,t26.0 23,900.5 o.7 0.5 Ll Held by the Government 1.3 2.6 8.0 5.3 ll.l 9.6 t0.6 3,8 l5.s 4,174.5 1.2 Held by Commercial banks 1,292 t,565.2 r,875.9 t,470.5 t,7 69.5 2,660.8 3,205.1 38,906.0 1.3 Held by the Public il,569.9 13,495.3 18,487.4 t9,6s0.2 22.1t9.9 24,852.1 27,280.5 32,t33.1 87,880.0 105,152.0 2. Demand Deposits 2t,577 .9 20,205.7 30,924.8 35,5t9.4 49,877.1 67,328.7 68,446.1 12,586.5 16,759.3 I I, 1 36.3 7,571.8 t t,l86.0 2. I Held by the Government 4,330.1 3,806.5 7,727.2 8,356.8 52,337.4 61,352.0 2.2 Held by Commercial banks 7,638.5 4,8n.2 9,305.7 | ),474.9 t9,532.4 28,367.O 34,099.8 27,970.8 32,6t4.0 2.3 Held by the Public 9,609.3 I t,588.0 13,891.9 t5,687.7 17,758.2 22,202.4 23,210.O (M 25,083.3 32,379.3 3s,337.9 39,878. r 41,O54.s 50,490.5 60, r03.9 7t,520.0 3. Narrow Money Supply 1) = ( | .3 + 2.3 ) 21,179.2 4. (Time & Savings Deposits Quasi-Money r0.8 l0l,257.8 12t,469.8 held by the Public) 29,681.1 33,251.7 35,566.5 4l,095.6 5t,t39.2 65,042.9 80,2 I r6l,361.7 r92,989.8 5. Broad Money Supply (Mr)= ( 3+4) 50,860.3 58,335.0 67,945.8 76,433.s 9 l,0 r7.3 |2,097.5 130,70 .3

Monetary Survey (Determinents of M2) 24,t6t.8 45,400.3 62,502.0 6. Net External Banking Assets 9, r80.2 9,291.2 7,058.5 4,732.1 10,206.5 t7,431.1 r 58,708.8 182,O44.9 7. Domestic Credit 64, t08.8 75,565.5 96,867.0 1o2,32t.2 tt9,864.2 t34,226.2 153,346.8 35,004.4 36,397.3 7.1 Net Credit to Government 22,546.1 27,047.9 36,064.5 36,I 18.7 39,197.1 4t,792.4 42,350.3 25,005.6 7.l.l By Central Bank 23,t33.9 24,60t.0 32,9t7.1 33,970.9 34,60t.7 36,954.7 37,938.6 23,008.4 4,595.4 4,837.7 4,4t1.7 I t,996.0 l1,391.7 7.1 .2 By Commercial Banks -587.8 2,46.9 3,t47.4 2,147.8 l r0,996.6 t23,704.4 t45,&7.6 7.2 Gross Credit to Private Sector 41,562.7 48,517.6 60,802.6 66,202.s 80,667. I 92,433.8 t4,077.2 14,749.7 7,774.9 5,163.4 7.2. I Govt. Corporations 4;t38.5 7,365.7 t0,786.6 13,862.2 15,636.3 r,903.3 2,54t.0 7.2.2 Co-oPeratives 1,424.5 t,123.4 r,3 r8.6 |,t77 .7 t,596.2 |,757 .2 2,02t.2 n4,026.2 137,943.2 7.2.3 Other Private 3s,399.7 40,028.5 48,697.4 5t,162.6 63,434.6 76.599.4 94,225.7 -46,808.4 -42,747.4 -5 I,557. l 8. Other ltems (Net) -22,428.5 -26,52t.9 -35,979.6 -30,6 t9.8 -39,O53.4 -39,559.8 Mz=(6+7+8) 50,860.5 58,334.8 67,945.9 '16,433.5 9 t,017.3 | 12,097 .5 130,700.2 r61,361.7 t92,989.8 40,046 44,848 56,468 68,055 9. Reserve MoneY 18.030 t9,270 25,556 26,78'l 31,569 Ll 10. Money Multiplicr lbr M (3/9) t.2 t.3 t.3 t.3 t.3 t.2 1.2 l.l 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.8 I l. Money MultiPlier tbr M,' (5/9) 2.E 3.0 2.6 2.8 2.9

Source: Central Bank ofSri Lanka 77

8.4 INTEREST RATES [N6 - 19/94 centum

Item 1985 t987 r988 1989 1990 t99l 1992 1993 t994

l. Central Bank Advance Rate (Bank Rate) ll l0 t0 l4 l5 t7 t7 t7 t7

Inter-bank Call Loans 12-t2.75 ll-14 t6-21 t3-2s t4-t9 t3-27 t0-32 16.5-28 t4-28

3. Treasury Bill Yield Rates 3.1 Primary Market 3 Months I t.3l I l.3l 19.82 18. l0 t7.41 16.55 t7.67 18.09 18.73 6 Months l8.20 18.02 16.38 18.05 t8.47 t9.29 l2 Months t9.10 r 8.36 17.43 l8.99 r9.38 19.43 3.2 Seconadry Market - Sales 3 Months 10.26 7.39 t8.85 16.12 15.85 15.05 t7.26 17.84 18.48 6 Months r6.80 r 6.80 15.92 t7.45 t8.22 19.04 l2 Months 18.34 18.34 t7.30 18.06 19.13 t9.18

Commercial Bank Deposits Rates 4.1 Savings 6-t2 6-ll 5-lr 5- l4 5-14 6.5- t4 6.5-14 6- l5 5.5-13 4.2 Fixed Deposits 3 Months 8- l 1.5 8- I 1.5 7-t6 7-t9.4 7-22.5 I l- 18.5 l0- r 8.5 l0- 17 8- l5 6 Months 7.5-13 7-13 8- I 3.5 8- r6 8-2r t2-t9 r l-18.5 t0-18 9- l6 l2 Months 8.5- r4 8.5- 14 9- l5.5 l r-20.5 |-2r l0-20 t3.s-20 r3.5- 17.s l0-17

NSB Deposits Rates 5.1 Savings t2 l2 t2 t4 t6.2 t4 t4 t4 t4 5.2 Fixed Deposits 6 Months t2 l2 t2 t4 16.2 t6.2 16.2 16.2 t5.3 l2 Months l3 l3 l3 l5 l7 t7 l7 l6 t4

Commercial Bank Advance Rates 6.1 Prime Lending Rate 14.8 t4.2 t6.9 l8 18.6 19.6 20.2 20.4 17.8 6.2 Loans Secured by Govt. Securities 12-26 9.8-26 9.8-26 9.8-25 9.8-25 I 1.8-28 | 1.8-26 t6-26 t6-26 6.3 Unsecured Loans 9.8-30 9.8-33 I 3-33 I 3-33 I 3-35 t3-33 t3-32 r 6.5-36 l5-36 6.4 Bills and discounted n-22 n-22 t0-25 7-25 t0-25 r0-30 14.5-30 14.5-30 I l-30

Note: Intercst rates rcpresent the year end position. Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka 78 t5 ASSETS AND LIABILITIF,S OF TEE CENTRAL BANK I9'd5 - IYA Rs. Million

Item r9ffi r$7 r9tt r9t9 1990 rgDl tvn 199.3 tglx

Assets l. lnternational Reserves 9,539 8,838 7,6t5 9,961 t6,397 28,954 Q,387 76,694 95,67 | Cash and Balances abroad 4,729 3,205 2,683 4,831 8,847 21,6t2 r0,954 18,402 13,007 (including Treasury Bills) Foreign Government and 4,810 s,630 4,929 4,678 7,534 7,332 29,430 58,274 82,98 non-Government Securities Special Drawing Rights 3 3 452 l6 l0 3 l9 t7 2. Loans and Advances 7,777 8,765 10,049 I t,9t2 18,492 2t,461 24,565 25,759 26,W5 To Government 4,625 5,269 6,t95 7,600 |,162 16,l t7 r8,802 20,956 22,719 To Others 3,152 3,496 3,854 4,3t2 7,330 534 5,763 4,903 3,376 3. Government and Government guaranteed Securities 20,221 20,888 30,244 29,t4r 27,04 29,8& 2t,802 3,9s4 5,100 4. Other Assets 5,626 6,953 7,424 11,756 15,s29 15,556 14,500 27,227 29,091 TOTAL 43,164 45,444 55,332 62,770 77,462 95,835 tol,254 r33,634 155,958

Liabilities l. Capital 95 96 97 107 607 857 t,000 r,000 t,000 2. Currency lssue 12,863 r5,063 20.37 | 2t,126 23,900 27,523 30496 3s,949 43,08r held by the Public l l,570 13,495 18,487 19,650 22,120 24,852 27,280 32,133 38,906 Commercial Banks 1,292 1,565 1,876 t,470 t,769 2,661 3,205 3,8 l5 4,175 Government I 3 8 5 ll t0 ll l I 3. Deposits r0,007 7,699 12,999 t4,776 23,663 31,722 37,277 54,t39 9,251

Government l,7t I 1,553 3,st4 2,76s 3,593 9,Ot7 2,6ss 1,801 2,8t2 Commercial Banks 5,045 4,047 5,033 5,597 7,457 t2,426 t4,326 20,466 24,832 Government Agencies and lnstitutions 123 163 t60 69 221 107 36 53 t42 lnternational 2,463 s82 3,905 5,65l 11,721 1s,468 19,339 30,969 35,658 Other 6& 1,354 387 69s 670 7M 922 851 807 4. Bonowings abroad 1,801 231 2,632 I 5. Other Liabilities t7,595 20,765 2t,614 24,129 29,290 29.733 32,481 N,391 43,885 TOTAL 43,t64 45,444 s5,332 62,770 77,462 95,835 tot,254 133,634 l55,958 Source: Lanka 79

t.6 ASSETS AND LIABILITIES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS [N6 - r9 g4 Rs. tflillion Item l9E6 t9E7 19Bt l9t9 1990 r99l 1992 1993 t99t

Assets l. CashonHand t,292 t,565 |,876 1,471 |,770 2,661 .1.20.5 .1.8 t6 -r. t75 2. Due from Central Bank 5,162 4,103 4,78f 6,140 7,637 | 2,760 1.r.084 t6,716 3. Due from Domestic Banks 851 tl.ttl |,176 797 2,181 2,t40 |.706 2.t36 2.780 4. Cash [tems in Process of Collection t,919 -1.959 t,765 6,42r 3,444 4,957 4.480 3.396 4,O24 5. Foreign Currency on hand and balances due .5..t.5.1 from banks abroad 4,536 6,362 7,697 7,@7 t2,o77 | 3,833 18. I l3 20.529 16.80.1 6. Invcstments 5,230 6,023 6,867 8,074 13,277 I r,98 | | 3,-501 t9.4-50 16.00.1 Treasury Bills t, t7l 3,850 4,857 6,113 | |,237 9.899 t0.65.3 t4.274 | l.t.r Government Securities I,053 966 -s. 72s 80r 912 867 1.0.1.5 306 | Othcr 3,006 t,207 ..1.17 I,285 I, t60 t,r08 I,2l-5 l,8t.j .r.370 9.5 l.r 7. Loans and Advanccs 41,339 49,054 57,7W 66,83 I 81,642 94,251 I r2,634 | 2.s, l8 l t+.r.1: I Bills Purchased and discounted 4,322 5,t47 5,267 6,703 7.368 9.499 8.-j46 10.-540 t0.77.r Overdrafts 1t,974 13,862 r 7,603 20,2s5 22,900 28,766 -39, l9.s 40.50.s +6.1.5-t Loans 25,M3 30,045 34,839 39,873 51,374 55,986 6.5.093 74,136 86. t9.l 8. Fixcd and Other Assets 5,990 6,777 9,66 t0,605 8.865 13,689 t 8,4-18 .5 t,379 .50.:.r8 TOTAL 66,320 76,825 95,8l5 t06,352 t32,364 I 55,36 l l 84.507 24.3.904 l8 r.067 Lirbl||tles l. Capial (Paid-up, Reserve funds and undistributed profit) 3,410 3,954 4,774 5,395 6,690 8,960 9,868 2 1.85 l :8.:7tl 2. Demand Deposits r2,236 | 3,861 18,313 21,439 26,885 30,3 | 0 32,@2 34.59 r .t t.708 Inter-banks t28 t53 317 148 291 Govt.of Sri Lanka 378 391 5t9 1t7 2,619 2,253 4,214 5,592 8,993 Residents 7,742 8.482 5,77 | 8.-UJ 9,358 13,51 | l -11,243 5,375 t7,256 21,&l 22.74t 2'1,t69 1.5 Non-Residents l3l 212 .l l.-l 211 324 345 549 478 1.132 t..501 Timc and 3; Savings Deposits 33,875 38,493 41,819 48,547 6r,700 78,960 98,776 124,745 l.l8.8tl I Govt.of Sri Lanka 722 662 5il 2s9 730 89'l -593 533 9t6 Residents 29,540 33,024 35,375 40,07E 50,665 63,5 r9 79,741 100.780 llt.lr0 Non-Residents 3,6t3 4,807 5,933 8,2r0 10,305 14,544 18,442 23,432 16.755 4. Borrowings 4,907 6,120 5,835 6,7r8 9,946 8,624 9,481 | 1.24 | ll.(r9: Domestic lnter-banks 3,96E 4,608 4,69 5,439 8,691 7,427 7.8t3 9.1-57 ()..i() Foreign 919 | | r,5 t2 t,t66 1,279 |,255 1,197 1.66E 1.084 l.l()l 5. Other Liabilities l |,893 t4,398 25,O74 24,253 27,143 28.506 34.29 | 5 t.J7.s l9 i( )7 TOTAL 66,320 76,825 95,8 | 5 t06,352 132,364 r5s,36 | t 84..s07 l{.r.90J :tl l.(Xr()

Source.: Ctntrlrl llurrl rrt'Sr i I .rrrl,, 80

8.7 MOBILIZATION OF DEPOSITS DM - 1994 Rs. Million

1990 l99l t992 1993 1994 Item Amount % Amount % Amount % Amount % Amount %

Demand Deposits (Com. Bank 26,tE5 2r.97 303rr 20.27 32,W2 It.05 34,592 r5.EE 41,70t l5.tl Savings lleposits 39,tEt 32.60 49,=16 32.92 60,988 3430 E1,700 37.50 101,581 3t.50 Commercial Banks 27,312 22.32 33,s09 22.41 43,602 24.52 58,397 26.80 73,357 27.81 National Savings Bank 9,527 7.78 11,637 7.78 t2,224 6.87 16,371 7.51 19,967 7.57 Regional Rural Dev. Banks 277 o.23 388 0.26 587 0.33 979 0.45 1,254 o.47 Rural Banks 7,279 1.86 3,t34 2.t0 3,93 r 2.21 4,665 2.t4 5,552 2.lo Thrift & Credit Co-op Societies 493 0.40 548 0.37 &4 0.36 |,2E8 0.59 1,434 0.54 Time Deposits 55,stt 45.43 69,ylt 46.Er u,727 47.65 101,579 46.62 t2o,96 45.69 Commercial Banks 36,t52 29.71 47 ,77 | 3l .95 57,897 32.56 69,522 3 r.91 79,244 30.04 National Savings Bank 13,577 I 1.09 t6,177 | 0.82 20,6s3 11.62 2s,786 I 1.84 33,360 12.65 Regional Rural Dev. Banks 37 0.03 50 0.03 80 0.04 t20 0.06 228 0.09 Rural Banks 2t8 0.r9 3t5 '0.21 402 o.23 53t 0.24 808 0.3 | Finance Companies 5,383 4.40 5,625 3.7'l 5,642 3.t7 5,493 ', <', 6,788 2.57 Thrift & Credit Co-op Societies 2l 0.o2 40 0.03 53 0.03 t27 0.05 l t8 0.04 TOTAL r2236r 100 149505 100 l77,EO7 100 2t7,E7l r00 263,tlt 100

l9!10 1991 1992 1993 1994 Orrnership of Commercial Bank Demand Time & Demand Time & Demand Time & Demand Time & Demand Time & Savings Deposits Savings Deposits Savings Depoeits Deposits Savings Deposits Savings Deposits Deposits Dcposits Ileposits Deposits Deposits

l. Govcrnment 8,993 730 7,742 897 8,482 s93 5,77 | 533 8,374 9t6 2. Financial Institution (a) 1,t30 2,401 r,554 3,009 |,442 3,6r3 I,98r 3,804 l,730 4,397 3. Planadon 839 297 733 399 780 443 52r 445 805 596 4. Trading 2,294 I,781 ,.068 2,569 2,673 3,184 3,403 3,562 3,996 4,112 5. Manufacturing 1,53 1 897 1,409 1,209 I,595 |,757 I,504 |,809 |,914 2.610 6. Other Business lnstitutions 3,070 3,213 4,r72 6,486 4,UO 8,229 4,O94 6,O76 .5,307 t2,966 7. Non-Business t,544 2,065 2,t2'l 2,925 3,062 3,905 l,897 3,220 2,41O 4,6-56 't,337 8. lndividuals 5,754 3 1,03 1 7,244 38,290 47,915 t2,t l3 65,61E l5,l l3 77,t34 9. Municipalties & lrcal Govt. 336 360 588 354 t,220 478 |,566 684 t,972 695 10. Certificates of Deposia 2,789 3,225 4,003 4858 6.415 I l. Forcign Currcncy Deposits 9,894 l3,lr4 | 8,0r 7 23,338 26,940 12. Unclassified t,394 8,206 t,674 8,977 I,,160 9,275 t,742 r 3,785 87 I I,164 TOTAL 26,tt5 63,ffi 30Jrr &lE0 32,W2 101,499 34,592 127,919 41,70E 152,601

(a) Include Interbank Deposits Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka x

E.8 LOANS & ADVANCES OF COMMERCIAL BAI\KS T986 - 1994 Rs. Million

Purpose of Loan / Advance 1986 l9t7 1988 19t9 1990 r99l 1992 r993 1994 l. Agricultural 4,2t6.9 5,207.0 5,830.9 6,58 | .4 9,639.2 r2,0 | | .8 I I,838.4 8,949.5 r0,5 17.3 (10.3) ( r0.7) ( r0.l) (9.9) ( | 1.9) ( 13.5) (to.2) (7.0) (7.1 ) l.l Traditional Plantation(a) I,416.8 2,419.3 2,983.8 3,474.6 5, | 83.9 6,40t.3 5,626.6 2,240.7 3,123.0 1.2 Paddy t,254.6 1,234.0 | ,190.9 1,294.7 r,557.5 1,757.4 |,847.5 t,7 | 1.4 2,384.9 1.3 Other Agricultural Crops r,545.5 r,553.7 1,656.2 1,8 t2.l 2,897.8 3,E53. I 4,364.3 4,997.4 5,OO9.4

2. Commercial 20,390.7 24,859.6 28,5 | 1.8 3t,924.2 37,284.8 37,925.3 52,866.0 60,6t0.6 64,569.6 (4e.8) (5 r.2) (49.5) (48.0) (46. t) (42.s) (4s.7 ) (47.3) (43.6) 2.1 ExportTrading 6,919.8 8,757.3 8,265.1 10,865.4 t2,407.3 12,475.7 t5,884.3 rs,48 1.3 122,159.8 2.2 lmportTrading 4,783.9 6, 195.9 7,153.0 7,414.1 r0,040.6 8,794.8 14,37'1.8 18,200.4 t8,027.4 2.3 Other 8,687.0 9,906.3 13,093.7 6,831.5 6,923.8 7,488.4 7,372.8 26,928.9 24,382.4

3. Industrial 7,946.1 9,003.3 l l,508. I 13,320.8 14,717.8 15, I 89.0 t5,658.3 16,535.8 t7,622.9 ( re.4) (r8.1) (20.0) (20.0) ( 18.2) ( 17.0) ( r3.6; (t2.9) (13.21 3.1 Mechanical Processing of Agricu ltural-Commoditier 534.3 2to.3 460.8 957.5 1,374.7 |,27 t.7 |,652.s I ,l0t .9 |,782.6 3.2 Other Manut'acturing 7,4t t.8 8,793.0 1,047.3 12,363.3 t3,343.1 13,9t7.3 r4,005.8 r5,433.9 t5,840.3 4. Engineering and 1,069.2 r,036.3 r,6l3.s |,939.7 2,34.8 2,28s.5 2,273.2 t655.5 1,681.0 Construction (2.6) (2.1) (2.8) (2.e) (2.e) (2.6) (2-0'1 ( t.3) (l.l) 5. Mining 3t7.4 237.6 23t.t 455.9 166.8 605.6 t78.2 2s9.0 196.7 (0.8) (0.5) (0.4) (0.7) (0.2) (0.7) (o.2) (0.2) (0.l) 6. Financial 8t2.2 1,022.4 1,208.5 1,674.5 2,337.7 2,89t.3 4,327.4 5,783.4 6,5 t7.8 (2.0) (2. 1) (2.1) (2.s) (2.e) (3'21 (3.7) (4.5) (4.4) 7. Tourism 798. I 807.3 890.5 737.0 804.3 962.9 3,167.5 2,t50.4 2,345.8 (2.0) ( 1.7) ( l.s) (l.l) (t.0) (t.t) (2.7) (1.7) ( r.6.1 E, Housing 3,440.5 3,953.0 4,782.6 6,066.9 8,296.0 r0,393. r t3,508.1 t4,283.2 19,539.5 (8.4) (8. l) (8.3) (9.1) ( r0.3) ( r 1.7) ( r r.7) (ll.l) (t3.2) 9. Consumption 637.8 850.6 r,166. I 1,522.6 2,155.1 2,938.7 5,31 1.7 6,552.4 10,961.0 ( 1.6) ( 1.7) (2.0) (2.3) (2.7) (3.3) (4.6) (5' l; (7.4',1 l0.Other Loans 1,304.3 t,625.5 t,824.2 2,251.8 3,099.3 3,964.7 6,514.4 r r,480.3 t4,032.7 (3.2) (3.3) (3.2) (3.4) (3.8) (4.4) (s.6) (8.9) ( r 1.7) TOTAL 40,933.3 48,602.6 57.567.3 66,474.8 80,845.8 89,167.9 n5.643.2 t28,260.3 147,984.3 (a) Tea, Rubber and Coconut Source: Central Bank ofSri Lanka. Note: Percentage share of the total loans and advances is given within parenthesis. 82

t.9 BAIYK BRANCII I\ETWORK 1983 . 1994

Name ofBank r963 19E4 l9t5 l9E6 r9t7 I9EE l9E9 1990 l99l 1992 t99.3 t9,4 g7 l. Commercial Banks 699 653 6s7 657 660 673 702 721 763 798 830 1.1 Domestic Banks 675 622 628 63s 635 638 652 679 696 734 765 794 l. Bank of Ceylon 329 288 289 291 288 286 283 285 286 286 288 289 Main Branches 230 229 236 238 239 239 238 247 250 252 259 262 A.S.C. Branches 99 59 53 53 49 47 45 38 36 34 29 27 2. People's Bank 303 290 293 297 298 29E 301 306 308 3t3 320 323 3. Commercial Bank of Ceylon t2 t2 t4 l5 t5 l6 t6 l9 2l 28 3l 34 4. Hatton National Bank 3l 32 32 32 33 33 35 39 42 47 5l 54 5. Sampath Bank 0l 04 ll l3 l3 t6 l8 22 6. Seylan Bank 0l 06 t7 26 4 57 72 12 Foreign Banks 24 25 25 22 22 22 2l 23 25 29 33 36

2. Regional Rural Development Banks l6 32 6l 80 89 l0l t24 t56 t63 r69

3. National Savings Bank 50 52 56 60 62 u 69 76 8l 84 85 90

4. Rural Banks E43 888 9t4 932 955 970 986 l,028 1,060 t,094 t,120 1,142

TOTAL 1,592 l,587 r,639 I,68t t,735 |,774 I,E t7 t,907 1,986 2,W7 2,tffi 2,231 5. Banking Density Index (a) - Commercial Bank Branches 0.453 0.415 0.4t2 0.408 o.g2 0.406 0.400 0.4r3 0.4t8 0.438 0.453 0.465 6. Banking Density Index - All Branches 1.033 1.017 r.035 r.043 1.060 1.070 1.081 1.t22 1.152 1.205 1.229 1.249

(a) per Number of Bank Branches 10,000 of Population. Source : Central Bank of Sri l..anka 83

8.10 BANKING DENSITY BY DISTRICTS T994

Bank ofCeylon Peo- Ilatton Comm. Sam- sey- Foreign National Regional Rural Total Popu- Popu- Banking ple's District Bank of path lan Banks Savings Rural Banks No. of lation lation Density Msin ASC Bank Bank Ceylon Bank Bank (a) Bank Develop. Brancher '000 per Index(b) Nranches Branches Banks Brancb

l. Colombo 48 58 t6 t4 t2 23 J5 t9 84 307 2,062 6,767 1.489 2. Gampaha t7 0l 25 08 04 o1 lt 01 ll 03 ls3 238 l,568 6,588 1.518 3. Kalutara l3 0l l5 02 0l 06 05 t5 72 130 969 7,454 1.342 4. Galle t3 01 l5 0l 04 03 02 t2 83 r34 983 7,336 t.363 5. Matara t2 t4 0l 02 03 0l 09 l2 7l r25 810 6,480 1.543 6. Hambantota 08 09 0l 02 02 08 JJ 63 s37 8,s24 1.t73 7. Monaragala 06 02 o7 0l 0t 06 l5 38 367 9,658 1.035 8. Badulla 05 ll t7 03 03 03 l3 60 l15 735 6,391 l.565 9. Kandy l6 20 04 0t 0l 02 02 05 l3 80 144 t,286 8,93 r r.120 10. Matale 06 0t 08 0l 02 0l 0l 06 32 58 434 7,483 1.336 I l. Nuwara Eliya 09 0l l0 03 04 02 08 29 66 54t 8,t97 r.220 12. Kegalle l0 t5 0l 0l 03 04 t4 66 l14 763 6,693 1.494 13. Ratnapura l3 l5 03 0l 0i 03 03 o7 65 lll 972 8,757 t.442 14. Kurunegala 20 02 20 0r 0l 0l 02 03 t7 128 r95 1,481 7,595 t.3t7 15. Puttalam l0 l0 0l 0l 05 t0 29 70 626 8,943 l.t t8 16. Trincomalee 04 06 0l v 0l ) t7 32'l 19,235 0.520 17. Batticaloa 06 o7 0l t2 26 43 17,038 0.587 18. Ampara 05 03 t2 0l 02 o; 2l 5l 512 10,039 0.996 19. Anuradhapura l2 09 l6 02 0l 03 ll 32 86 750 8,721 t.t47 20. Polonnaruwa 08 0l 08 0l 0l 02 0l o7 25 54 336 6,222 1.607 21. Jaffna l0 t0 o1 OI o4 32 58 896 t5,448 22. Killinochchi 0l 0.647 02 0l 4 8 ll0 t3,750 0.727 23. Mullativu 02 02 4 8 98 12,250 0.816 24. Mannar 0l 0l 0l 0l 5 9 140 l5,556 0.u3 25. Vavuniya 0l 0l 0l 0l 2 6 l19 19,833 0.504 Total 20 27 323 54 34 22 72 36 90 169 1,142 223r 17,E65 t,01t 1249

(a) ANz Grindlavs Bank' Sttnddd Chan rcd Bank, Hong-konA & sbanghai Banking Corporarion, Indie Banh Indian ov€n€as Bek, tndosu.z Bank, Ovcrsce Trlst Bank Ltd., citv Bsnk N A.' Amcrican ExPrca! Bank, , AxlN-AMRo Bank, H"bib Bank A.-c. z,irich, Deursch. Bdr., Middr. Ea3t Bank Lt l., pufi;iank Clrt nnnx, sut Brnk of India. Habib BaIt Lrd "o,v",r,r.q (b) Noof BankBranchesper 10,000of Population Source: Central Bank ofSri Lanka. 84

E.II TREASURY BILL MARKET I9E6 - 1994

Item l9E6 t9E7 I9EE r9E9 r990 l99l 1992 r993 194(a) l. Primary Market l.l Amount lssued/sold. Rs. Mn. 88,080 n2,327 141,800 |7,3t2 l r9,838 l3 | ,568 t94,808 1s8,856 r 68,369 Purchased by Central bank 75,7 t5 79,22s t03,291 77,502 60,987 68,440 to9,t92 48,201 20,t04 Commercial Banks t,662 14,240 r5,498 13,857 25,500 2t,962 33,9 r0 &,735 101,949 Others t0,704 18,785 23,011 25,952 33,3s0 4t,166 5l,70s 45,920 46,3r5 1.2 Weighted Average Price, Rs. (b) (Per Rs. 100 Treasury Bill) 3 Months 97.25 97.25 9s.28 95.67 95.83 96.01 95.77 95.67 95.53 6 Months 91.66 9t.73 92.43 91.72 9 1.55 9t.20 l2 Months 83.96 84.49 85. l6 84.U 83.77 83.73

1.3 Weighted Average Yield, 7o (b) 3 Months I l.3l I l.3l 19.82 r8.t0 t7.41 16.55 t7.67 18.09 18.73 6 Months 18.20 t8.02 t 6.38 r8.05 18.47 19.29 l2 Months 19.10 l8.36 17.43 18.99 19.38 19.43

2. Central Bank Secondarv Treasurv Bill Market 2.1 Sales(Discounts), Rs. Mn 73,438 49,157 6 I,339 7 t, t55 67,709 80,387 l 19,366 94,763 21,188 2.2 Purchases(Re-discounts), Rs. Mn. 32,3t2 23,r81 ,s ??? 23,249 2t,097 36,687 49,6t2 46,851 t9,465

3. Ownership of Outstanding Bills, Rs. Mn. 3.1 Central bank 22,il4 22,288 33,270 34,098 30,654 3s,032 25,998 5,978 8,979 3.2 Commercial Banks 150 3,334 3,525 6,282 10,604 9,240 22,760 49,566 53,858 3.3 Employees' Provident Fund l,000 I,100 t,250 2,159 3.4 Other Provident Funds t80 489 2,850 6,61 I 9,684 8,838 10,271 6,668 7,445 3.5 Savings Institutions 400 658 575 2,301 t,776 7,287 16,64s 2s,498 15,901 3.6 Insurance & Finance Companies 2l 137 t,026 3,821 3,848 s,630 6,467 5,863 5,91I 3.7 Departments & Other Official Funds 3,297 2,707 70 3,603 4,748 5,209 2,398 42 547 3.8 Other ll 237 2,384 529 655 732 t,457 I,931 4,096

TOTAL 26,173 29,850 43,700 s724s 67968 7296E 87,096 m,196 9tlE95 (a) Provisional Source: Cenral Bank ofSri Lanka (b) As at end ofyear. 85

8.T2 SHARE MARKET DEVELOPMENTS I9E6 - 1994

Item r9E6 1987 r9E8 r989 l9q) l99l L992 r993 rD4(c)

l. Tumover (Rs. Mn.) 142 334 379 255 I,563 4,304 4,969 t8,579 34,522 2. Daily Turnover Average (Rs. Mn.) 0.5 1.2 t.3 l.l 6.6 18.0 20.5 77.1 t45.7 3. Non-National Transacrions (Rs. Mn.) 405 2,t98 4,t01 18,274 27,6t2 3.1 Purchases 398 t,764 2,611 1o,773 14,473 3.2 Sales 434 1,490 7,50l t3,139 4. No. ofTrades 5,125 7,542 r3,009 t6,740 48,332 9t,544 109,70r 23t,692 4@.,373 5. No. of Shares Traded (Mn.) 6 A' t7 t3 t2 79 88 351 506 6. Total Number of Shares Listed (Mn.) (a) 779 819 919 1,048 l,099 t,2@ 1.6 l5 t ?ss 3,388 6. I Value (at par) of Shares (Rs. Mn.) 7,790 8,196 9, r90 10,404 t0,908 I t,640 14,660 n.a. 30,882 6.2 Market Capitalization (Rs. Mn.) (a) ll,8t2 l8,460 15,694 17,087 36,880 8 r,840 66,200 123,7

t.13 GOVERNMEI\T FISCAL OPERATIONS I9t6 - 1994 Rs. Million

Item r9t6 ll,8T r9$ r9t9 l99t) t99t rvn l9!r3 1994(s)

Governmenl Revenue 37,238 42,r45 41,749 53,979 67,99 76,t79 85,781 98,339 l10,038 |.l Tax Revenue 31,2't2 35,1 r 9 3s,946 47,5r3 6r,206 68,157 76,353 8s,89r 99,417 l.l.l Income Tax 4,787 4,n9 4,@7 5,r48 1,337 9,722 t0,967 12,543 15,277 1.1.2 Taxes on Propcrty 648 |,568 1,777 2,697 3, t40 3,541 3,597 3,493 4,386 1.1.3 Taxes on Goods and Services 14,787 15,677 t7,o2l 20,828 28,770 32,tO7 38, | 58 47,963 56,685 1.1.4 Taxes on International Trade l l,050 12,975 12,501 16,495 19,341 19,754 2t,@o 20,819 22,598 1.1.5 Other l0 2,345 2,6t 8 3,033 1,90 1,073 1.2 Non-Tax Revenue 5,966 7,026 s,803 6,466 6,75E I,m2 9,42E 12,48 to,62l 1.2.1 Property Income 4,731 4,541 4,080 4,387 4,r92 5,9U 6,262 8,154 7,459 1.2.2 Fees and Charges 347 344 412 627 83s 9r7 r,225 r,303 1,430 1.2.3 Othcr Non Tax Revenue 888 2,t4r l,3r I 1,452 r ,731 l,t4l 1,941 2,91 1,732 Governnent Expenditure 2.1 CurrentExpenditure 33,%6 39,559 46,r32 56,884 7 t,77 | 83,756 89,638 t02,288 t27,O84 ,14,895 2.1.1 Expendirurc on Goods and Services r5,r54 | 8,,166 20,654 25,508 30,r67 35,848 39,691 54,700 2.l.l.l Salaries and Wages 8,O27 8,006 t0,0t6 14,46 r 5,74E 17,985 20,793 26,332 29,3@ 2.1.1.2 Other Goods and Services 7,127 10,,160 r0,638 | |,062 14,419 | 7,863 | 8,89t | 8,563 25,39r 2.1.2 InterestPayments 8,762 10,r57 r 2,590 14,352 20,68 22,073 25,940 30,203 38,03r 2.1.2.1 Domestic 6,553 7,593 9,694 I t,0t5 16,990 t7,960 21,201 25,r01 32,520 2.1.2.2 Foreign 2,209 2,5& 2,896 3,337 3,678 4,1t3 4,7t9 5,t02 5,51 I 2.1.3 Transfer Payrnents 10,050 r0,936 | 2,888 17,o24 20,936 25,835 24,N7 27,r90 34,353 2.2 CapitalExpendirurc 23,236 22,817 22,878 20,750 19,529 25,305 24,949 33,62 30,391 2.2.1 Acquisition of Real Assets 7,788 r0,9E3 r2,w t3,069 12,o25 r4,072 12,fi4 19,719 16,747 2.2.2 Capitzl Transfers 15,448 I t,834 10,872 7,681 7,504 11,233 12,345 13,943 13,u4 2.2.3 Change in Treasury Deposits 2.3 Lending minus Repayments r,991 r,5t8 7,522 4,530 8,5r4 1o,67 2,3E6 4,5t0 10,293 Budget Deficlt (after Grants) -18,202 -17,072 -28, | 95 -2r,778 -25,r53 -35,478 -22,912 -34,096 -49,474 Financing of Budget Defrcit 18,202 r7,o72 28,r95 21,778 25,153 35,478 22,912 34,096 49,474 4.1 Foreign Financing 9,061 5,716 7,r28 5,926 11,644 19,329 7,36r 9,855 | |,778 4.2 Domestic Financing 9,141 l 1,356 2r,67 | 5,852 r3,s08 16,r49 15,551 24,241 37,696 4.2.1 Non-market Borrowings |,752 r,068 3,858 2,650 305 691 -3,205 2,Ot2 -666 4.2.2 Market Borrowings 7,389 10,288 r7,209 13,202 t3,203 r5,458 I 8,756 22,229 38,362 Bank 2,138 3,809 9,20r -533 257 35 -2,323 -6,079 1,t56 Non Bank 5,252 6,478 8,00E r 3,735 12,946 15,423 2t,079 28,308 37,206 Public debt Outstanding l5 l,786 | 86,260 220,058 270,609 308,414 36s,435 &4,920 483,909 549,292 5.1 Domestic 63,482 73,E r 9 94,q1 I t4,3r I t3 t,53 r r50,896 169,382 213,68s 249,t | 8 5.2 Foreisn 88.304 tr2.44l t2s,651 156,298 | 76,883 214,579 235.538 270.224 300,174 (a) Provisional. Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka. 87

8.I4 GOVERNMENT REVENUE T9E6 - 1994 Rs. Mi[ion

Item r9t6 l9E7 r9EE 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994(a) l. Tax Revenue 31272 35,119 35,96 47,513 612M 6t,157 763s2 Es,t9r 9eAr7 l.l Taxes on Foreign Trade l1,050 12,975 12,501 t6,495 19,341 19,754 2t,&o 20,819 22,598 Exports l,636 t,924 l,830 t,572 2,s49 t,137 821 57 Imports 9,4t4 I r,05 r 10,671 14,923 16,792 r8,6 r7 20,819 20,762 22,598

1.2 Taxes on Domestic Goods and Services 14,787 t5,667 17,021 20,828 28,770 32,107 38, | 58 47,963 56,685 Turnover Taxes 10,088 10,61| 12,32r r4,658 20,291 2t,430 24,O95 29,663 32,300 Excise Tax 4,4t4 4,7t6 4,420 5,812 8, r70 to,597 to,232 | |,65s t4,632 Licence Fees 285 3Q 280 358 309 80 67 56 60 Other 3,79 6,589 9,693

1.3 Taxes on Net Income and Profits 4,787 4,909 4,&7 5,148 7,331 9,722 to,967 12,543 15,277 Corporate 3,274 3,329 3,183 2,941 4,380 6,r83 6,900 7,308 9,656 Non-corporate 1,513 r,580 1,4& 2,207 2,957 3,539 4,067 5,23s 5,621 1.4 TaxesonProperty 648 l,568 t,777 2,697 3,140 3,541 3,597 3,493 4,386 1.5 Taxes on Treasury Bills (Central Bank) 2,34s 2,6r8 3,033 t,9l t,ut3 471

Non-Tax Revenue 5,Xi6 7,026 5,E03 6,M 6,75E t,022 9rat ti2,44g l0,ol

2.1 CurrentRevenue 5,943 7,0r3 5,74r 6,439 6,429 7,989 9,4t7 12,376 10,621 Property Income 4,731 4,541 4,080 4,387 4,192 s,9& 6,262 7,742 7,060 Fees and Charges 347 334 4t2 627 835 917 t,225 t,303 988 Other 86s 2,t38 t,249 1,425 l,Q2 I,108 t,930 3,331 2,573 2.2 Capital Revenue 23 l3 62 27 329 33 lt 72

TOTAL 37afi (2,145 41,749 s3979 67964 76,179 Estm 9t"339 r10,038

(a) Provisional. Source: Central Bank ofSri Lanka. 88

t.Ts FUNCTIONAL CLASSINCATION OT'CURRENT E)GEI\DITURE lgffi - I9'!A Rs.Million

Item r9t6 r9E7 l9tt l9E9 1990 r99l r9v2 1993 r9%(a) l. General hrblic Services E,6E0 ll,l13 rsAA 14,090 n9a r9"E11 aAs3 2756/' n,444 l.l CivilAdministration 2,884 2,943 6,t45 6,781 6,622 5,612 7,W9 7,Q5 4,637 1.2 Defence 4,35r 6,00t 4,732 4,073 6,736 r0,3 r7 12,876 15,413 19,415 1.3 Public Order and Safety t,45 2,169 2,547 3,236 4,585 3,882 4,478 4,746 6,392

Social Senices 11,fi)4 t2,714 rsasr 19yt6 Ar49 3r5% n:7m 37An 47,6X 2.1 Education 3,775 4,066 5,036 6,6t2 8,s29 7,951 10,533 t1,225 14,836 2.2 Health 1,841 2,ql 2,420 3,38 r 3,685 4,1 l0 4,518 5,71r 7,666 2.3 Welfare 5,254 6,098 7,@7 9,750 11,973 19,26 t7,378 20,255 24,sffi 2.4 Housing l3 t3 t5 r7 0 0 0 0 2.5 Community Services t2l r36 173 2t6 262 267 271 285 593

3. Economic Senices 3,960 2,905 4,M7 4,579 5,137 3,925 3,t34 4328 6,195 3.1 Agriculture & Irrigation r,336 1,086 1,399 976 982 9t2 1,398 r,483 2,506 3.2 Fisheries 38 40 N 47 46 98 68 107 99 3.3 ManufacturingandMining 43 l4l 197 408 l8l 231 349 Q3 351 3.4 Energy and Water Supply 50 73 80 4t6 345 659 133 93 518 3.5 Transport&Communication r,668 1,200 r,613 I,138 2,&0 1,308 1,208 1,346 2,024 3.6 Trade & Commerce 152 190 415 950 159 137 232 203 72 3.7 Other 273 t75 3M &5 824 580 46 693 625

4. Other r0323 12,EzE 13,410 rE24O 2424r 2E,425 2E,652 t2,y20 42,7t') 4.1 Of which; Interest 8,762 t0,157 12,590 t4,352 20,668 22,W3 25,9Q 30,203 38,031

TOTAL 33965 39560 6,132 56,tt4 71,77O 83,756 E9,639 r022'd'8 t27,M

(a) Provisional. Source: Central Bank ofSri Lanka. 89 &16 N]NCTIONAL CLASSINCATON OF CAPITAL EXPEI\DITURE AND LEI\DING T9t6 - 1994 Rs. Item r9E6 19E7 l98E l9E9 1990 tc9l 1992 1993 l9%(a) General hrblic Scnices r2r7 1,676 2,772 2,503 3,617 2,A2 l,yl0 4,0t5 23m l.l CivilAdministration 8& 870 2,t33 2,n2 t,599 1,680 1,2s6 3,463 1,753 1.2 Public Order and Saferv 353 806 639 501 2,018 742 714 622 637

Social Services 2,567 2,E17 2,8E3 3,67 3,019 2,964 6,137 6,yls 7,677 2.1 Education t,252 787 855 1,529 t,u2 r,178 2,008 2,845 2,877 2.2 Health 405 979 1,498 t,258 t,279 l,t t9 2,O23 r,353 t,5t9 2.3 Welfare t5 53 l3 t0 25 t5 t,t9l 1,084 r,6E l 2.4 Housing 575 505 429 787 513 535 767 ffi 802 2.5 Community Services 320 493 88 83 r60 n7 t48 t89 798

Dcononic Senices 2'.,t{7 20.E84 2l,l2t 22,t29 B;7tn 26,0t2 20A44 29,6n 29,fi4 3.1 Agriculore & Irrigation 8,2t7 8,484 6,4r2 5,234 5,2t5 6,071 5,890 5,682 5,t79 3.2 Of which Mahaweli Project 5,952 5,r01 3,430 2,475 1,810 2,4t0 2,670 2,810 2,59E 3.3 Fisheries 223 294 140 283 t33 t8l t75 124 368 3.4 Manufacturing and Mining 793 1,t62 330 471 t20 t7l 184 t,47 | 22 3.5 Energy and Water Supply 2,476 3,226 5,451 4,7t9 6,t32 6,t81 5,527 4,728 5,5 l8 3.6 Transport& Communication 7,&8 5,633 6,29 6,666 4,3t9 t0,921 4,363 10,165 14,522 3.7 Trade & Commerce 4./.5. 309- 103 50 205 2r8 365 3g 182 3.8 Other 1,746 t,727 2,428 2,230 2,674 2,279 3,94O 7,066 3,5 r3

4. Other 574 I,IEE ffi E2E 952 r2s0 l,U2 l,lltl L(n4

Total Capital Expcnditurc and Lending 2590s 2s975 27,yll 26,651 26387 32,658 29,6X2 np{r ,10,455 (a) Provisional. Source: Central Bank ofSri Lanka. 90

8.17 COMPOSITION AND OWI\TERSEIP OF GOVERT\MENT DOMESTIC DEBT 1986 - 1994 Rs.Million

Item l9t6 r9E7 r9tt r989 1990 t99r rw2 r993 199|(e)

Composition l.l RupeeLoans 39,130 4,958 49,797 54,2r7 54,676 66,823 69,180 1o5,707 137,554 1.2 Treasury Bills 26,173 29,849 43,700 57,246 67,968 72,968 87,096 97,t96 98,896 1.3 Treasury Certificates of Deposits 109 153 102 l14 145 1.4 Tax Reserve Certificates 9 9 9 9 8 9 8 8 7 1.5 National Defence Bonds 4,532 4,532 4,532 1.6 Cennal Bank Advances 4,040 4,000 4,926 5,900 6,408 7,444 8,928 10,502 12,36 1.7 Other 148 182 163 190 r96 190 174 158 15l

TOTAL 69,500 7t'ryt 9t,594 Ll7,56l 133,E97 l52,ltg 170,u0 213,6E5 u9,Llt

2. Orvnership 2.1 Banking Sector 27,t93 30,504 42,348 46,874 48,254 52,146 58,1 l I 90,135 100,(x3 2. l.l Central Bank 26,190 26,324 38,228 40,o25 37,080 42,486 34,931 16,480 21,345 2.1.2 CommercialBanks 1,003 4,r80 4,t20 6,U9 n,174 9,659 23,180 73,655 78,698 2.2 Non-Bank Sector 42,308 48,494 56,247 70,688 85,643 99,974 I I1,909 123,550 r49,W5 2.2. I Market Borrowings 42,t59 48,313 56,085 70,497 85,,+48 99,784 ttt,736 123,392 148,924 Co-operative Banks 6 4 4 4 4 4 4 Savings Institutions t4,o25 r6,l l3 t7,952 18,960 24,r90 26,659 30,882 38,752 46,657 Sinking Funds 4,808 4,475 2,832 2,289 1,662 840 3s9 239 t37 Insurance Funds t,r27 t82 1,086 2,388 1,742 4,074 4,035 24 3t2 hovident and Pension Funds t8,627 23,383 30,498 40,146 49,065 s8,095 67,917 7s,768 91,041 Official Funds 3,424 3,795 3,510 6,205 8,084 6,988 3,883 4& 568 Private Business and Individuals 142 361 203 506 701 3,123 4,656 7,925 10,2@ 2.2.2 Non-MarketBorrowings (Foreign Administrative) 147 l8l 163 190 t95 190 173 r58 l5l

(a) Provisional. Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka. 9l

E.18 COMPOSITION AI\D OWNERSMP OF GOVERNMENT X'OREIGN DEBT lg'i6 - I9'IA Rs.

Item l9E6 l9E7 l9tt l9t9 1990 l99l 1992 1993 r994(a) l. Composition l. I hoject Loans 53,897 73,356 85,745 1t3,120 132,338 t66,149 l 85,003 2t6,355 244,8t9 1.2 Non Project Loans 34,407 39,085 39,912 43,t78 44,545 48,430 50,536 s3,869 55,355 1.2.1 Commodity 26,383 32,894 35,886 4t ,t t7 43,391 46,O37 48,550 s2,t20 53,727 1.2.2 Other 8,024 6,l9l 4,026 2,061 t,ts2 2,393 1,986 |,749 t,627 TOTAL tt,3M rt2A4r t2s,657 ls6,29E l76,EE3 214,579 235,53t 27O24 300,174 Ownership 2.1 Multilateral 23,983 30,208 36,409 48,698 59,526 78,084 91,M7 109,283 122,8s2 2.1.1 A.D.B. 5,853 7,524 10,758 15,978 20,66s 28,704 35,943 44,688 51,,140 2.1.2 I.B.R.D. 453 573 889 |,303 t,277 t,238 t,2t4 t,t85 t,060 2.1.3 I.D.A 14,054 18,726 21,682 28,193 34,s32 44,907 50,457 60,097 66,924 2.1.4 I.M.F. 2,061 1,477 8r3 479 Jzs 322 348 2.r.5 I.F.A.D. 694 979 I ,156 t,531 1,645 1,860 2,062 2,294 2,so3 2.1.6 0.P.8.C. 869 931 889 945 816 776 578 704 610 2.1.7 E.E.C. 223 269 267 278 465 3t6 3t5 2.2 Bilateral 53,t76 71,587 78,879 97,446 106,677 124,470 | 34,065 ts1273 t68,585 2.2.1 Canada 3,362 3,803 4,552 5,615 5,496 5,674 5,461 5,421 5,064 2.2.2 France(a) t,6 14 3,i69 2,496 3,1 83 3,767 4,035 4,926 4,888 5,t22 2.2.3 Germany 10,065 t4,469 14,990 20,078 22,810 24,439 19,966 23,707 24,8s8 2.2.4 hpan 15,568 23,534 28,t92 33,ss8 38,463 52,485 59,304 73,8 t5 89,291 2.2.5 U.S.A. 16,2t4 18,247 20,803 25,895 27,073 28,667 33,338 34, l 80 34,329 2.2.6 Netherlands 2,725 3,482 3,216 J,8& 4,093 4,139 3,989 3,824 3,970 2.2.7 People's Republic of China 526 834 I,015 l,088 957 I,006 l,0t l 987 580 2.2.8 Kuwait 745 975 t,282 I,486 I,503 1,421 l,385 1,359 I,533 2.2.9 Switzerland (a) 499 640 556 366 442 455 457 496 540 2.2.10 Saudi Arabian Fund Ess 932 957 I,071 939 898 837 ?88 676 2.2.11 lndia 340 3s9 341 282 t76 75 t8 35 27 2.2.12 Other 663 944 480 9s9 959 1,t76 3,374 t,767 2,595 2.3 Financial Markets I t,145 10,646 10,369 t0,154 10,680 t2,024 r0,406 9,667 8,737 2.3.1 Euro-Cunency 4,84 3,s 16 2,123 571 2.3.2 Solomn Bros. Inco. New York 5'.12 6ll 648 777 773 808 846 86s 827 2.3.3 Skandinaviska Enskilda Sweeden l,l0t l,078 746 4t2 386 353 237 164 t20 2.3.4 Manufacturers Hanover Co. t,327 1,703 l,566 1,487 1,394 t, t33 710 497 243 2.3.5 Bank of Indo-Suez 84 80 390 521 504 463 434 336 285 2,3.6 C.Itoh & Co. Ltd., Japan 183 355 470 4t7 352 298 2t9 It2 2.3.7 Bankers' Tnrst Co. 399 431 462 560 563 s95 g3 693 700 2.3.8 American Express Bank 461 495 600 603 63E 689 742 750 2.3.9 France 538 t7 705 1,757 r,982 |,748 I,780 I,789 I,571 2.3.10 Other 2,097 2,396 2,764 3,051 4,t25 5,989 4,849 4,450 4,241 TOTAL EEJO4 ll2,twl L2S,657 rs629E l76,tt3 214,579 235,53t 270224 300,174

(a) Provisional. Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka. 92

9.r TRANSPORT: SRI LANKA COMPARED WITH SELECTED COUNTRIES - t99r

Item Unit Sri Myan- India Pakis- Indo- Phili- Japan Canada U.K. u.s.A. Lanka mar tan nesia ppines l. Motor Vehicles

Passenger l.l Cars '000 180 89 3,0t3 746 1,495 455(a) 37,076 r3,061 20,994 | 43,550(a) 1.2 Commercial Vehicles '000 153 57 3,741 280 1,593 765(a) 21,57 5 3.680 2,8 r0 45,106(a)

Railway

2. I Passenger Kilometres Mn. 2,698 4,482 3t4,564 18,r59 9,767 228 396,472 t,426 31,909 10,r6r 2.2 Net Ton Kilometres Mn. 170 579 250,238 s,964 3,470 t2 27,292 262,42s 15,466 1,672,s89

3. Shipping

3. I Merchant Shipping Fleets Gt.'000 333 1,046 6,517 358 2,337 8,626 26,407 2,685 6,61I 20,291 3.2 Vessels Entered Mr.'000 20,s45 698 18,892 t6,289 l13,380 2s,72e(b) 442,p0 58,690 344,7l0(c) 3.3 Vessels Cleared Mt.'000 667 23,423 7,692 34,903 20,4t(b) t16,974 289,767(c)

Civil Aviation

4. Passengers Carried '000 893 r9(a) 2,O74 1,973 I 2,341 r,833 lo,7t4 5,739 3 1 ,187 45,483 4.2 Kilometres Flown Mn. 20 43 37 53 39 267 155 527 l, 189 4.3 Passenger Kilometres Mn. 7,863 3,49 6,7t1 9,586 9,307 49,81 l 22,O42 95,1 9 1 I 89,867 4.4 Total Ton Kilometres Mn. 4t8 2(a) 1,134 963 1.261 t,260 9,395 2,9s6 t3,284 2s,327

(a) 1990 Source: UN Statistical Year Book 1994 (b) 1989 (c) 1987 93

9.2 ROAD KILOMETREAGE 1985 - 1994

Road Kilometreage Classification Yesr A B c D E Total

| 985 4,t57 4,9t9 1o,277 <

Colombo 165 l. 249 249 | 58(b) 821 2. Gampaha 128 572 395 474(b) |,569 3. Kalutara 80 297 491 r 92(b) l,060 4. Kandy 184 533 644 34 '- |,4t2 5. Matale r05 283 220 I l6 30 754 6. Nuwara Eliya 123 4tl 319 41 t46 l,066 7. Galle 97 36s 326 321 53 t,162 Matara 8. t4l 222 2s3 234 Es0 Hambantota 9. I I5 27 1 t66 3r8 870 10. Jaffna 381 277 6sE I l. Vavuniya 241 t45 3E6 12. Batticaloa r65 59 13. Ampara 224 307 226 533 14. Trincomalee l4l t7 l 15. Kurunegala tt2 t96 590 500 877 2,t70 16. Puttslam t56 320 423 I tJ t1 l,089 17. Anuradhapura 352 382 3,6 r 6(b) 4,350 18. Polonnaruwa 143 t62 | ,983(b) Badulla 2,288 19. 272 4t9 196 253 t,223 20. Moneragala ir 204 t38 272 I82 28 824 Ratnapura 21. 272 393 237 3l 933 22. Kegalle t44 247 5l I 195 I,097 23. Mullativu ll3 t02 2t5 TOTAL 4,225 6,t54 s.202 9,2O4 3tr 25,t65 (a) Provlsional Sources: Road Development Auahority, (b) Includes 'E' Class Road Kilometreage Provincial Councils. 'A" Class - network her majo 11,ilff'i,:",friii11:'!#l:in" "8" class - ng other and bitumen with a small percentage gravelled.) "c" class - agricultu "D"Class- 8-l0ft. tly neralled bua wirh r .rlrtr p.r"i-ni"!" gi;velled.) "E" Class - allv unm 94

9.3 MOTOR TRANSPORT - NEW REGISTRATION OF MOTOR VEEICLF^S I9t5 - 1994

Item Unit l9t5 19t5 t9t7 r98t 1969 l99l) 1991 t9y2 1993 t994(a)

1. Passenger Transport

l.l Buses - SLTB No. 95 284 85 245 260 78 r89 30 1.2 hivate Coaches No. 3,553 1,78 1 I,t5l 863 411 I,159 3,2s9 2,874 2, l 30(c 3,823(c) 1.3 hivate Cars (b) No. 8,099 I I,lE9 t0,929 I1,033 rr,92r 15,061 15,076 20,177 16,802 22,5t7 1.4 Motor cycles No. 22,782 26,593 29,M| 27,837 66,696 84,424 58,643 65,834 53,934 36,79r

2. Goods Transport

2.1 Lonies No. 7,09E 3,2+7 2,846 2,4s '2,414 2,75s 3,052 3,909 4,653 4,97l 2.2 Others No. lrE 103 55 59 43 58 148 237 295 224

3. Land Yehicles

3.1 Tractors No. ffi 542 610 509 462 391 s82 I,182 t,563 1,807 3.2 Trailers No. 543 582 667 371 269 239 333 553 928 I,184 3.3 Others No. 2,942 2,666 I,100 I,M2 1,872 1,939 3,088 3,752 4,t56 4,t70

4. Others No. 09 l0 50 I t4 2l 76 t34 8 34

Total 45,847 6,997 6,s34 4,E25 84,395 106,t25 84,46 98,683 84,469 75,521

(!) kovilioml SoutEc: Corrmisliomr of Motor Traffic, (b) tncludhg &d purpo.. v.hicl.! Ccntd Brlk of Sri l5la. (c) Includs hr..! rlgilE|ld untt r SLTD/ Roplild Compmh!. 95

9.4 SRI LAIYKA CENTRAL TRANSPORT BOARD Ig84 - 1994

Item Unit tgE,4l l9E5 l9E6 t9t7 I9EE l9E9 r990 l99l rwz r993 r994(a)

1. Operational l.l Passengers Transported Mn 1,056 974 985 I,038 988 822 888 769 868 909 976 1.2 Buses Scheduled (Average Daily) No. 5,974 5,954 5,948 5,872 5,580 6,028 5,673 5,192 5,411 s,295 5,6t4 1.3 Buses Operated (Average Daily) No. 5,062 4,880 4,738 4,694 4,407 3,894 3,151 3,359 3,s50 3,7@ 4,207 1.4 Scheduled Kilometres Mn. 561 552 544 s32 550 546 516 n.a. 472 62 491 1.5 Operated Kilometres Mn. 417 390 37s 371 333 261 243 247 268 272 307 2. Non Operated Kilometres (b)

2.1 EngineeringDefects Per cent 26.O 2t.l 24.7 23.6 2s.6 36.7 47.8 n,a. n.a. n,a. n.a. 2.2 Operational Defects Per cent 9.3 9.0 10.0 t7.3 18.2 8.1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

3. Passenger Kilometres (c) Mn. 15,964 t4,249 r5,149 15,974 15,4r3 12,980 13,674 |,454 12,840 13,608 r5,6 | 3 4. Seat Kilometres (d) Mn. 22,4t7 20,874 20,335 19,993 18,047 t4,079 1 3,1 55 13,389 14,533 t4,970 t6.467 5. Average Passen ger Journey 14.6 15.4 Km. l5. l r5.4 ls.6 15.8 r5.3 14.9 t4.8 14.9 t6 6. Load Factor (e) Per cent 71.2 68.3 74.5 79.9 8s.0 92.2 r03.9 85.s 88.4 90.9 95 7. Average Capacity of Vehicles Operated No. 53.8 53.5 54.2 53.9 54.2 54.0 54.s s5.0 54.2 54 54 t. Average Vehicle Utilization (l 8.1 Scheduled Km. 257 254 251 248 256 248 249 n.a, 238 n.a. 239 8.2 Operated Km. 2t9 217 ?2s - 2t6 206 183 2tl 201 206 202 200 9. Revenue Rs. Mn. I,984 I,891 1,957 2,1t6 2,087 l,780 2,617 2,761 2,95 2,851 3.346

9.1 Way Bill Collection Rs. Mn. r,707 1,63 1 1,716 1,869 1,868 t,&2 2,447 n,a. 2,451 2,656 3,t5t 9.2 Sales of Season Tickets Rs. Mn. 277 260 241 247 2t9 138 t70 n,a. 194 t95 195

(a) Provisional. (e) Passenger Kilometres X 100 Source: Sri Lanka Central Transport Board. (b) As a Percentage of Scheduled Kilometres. Seat Kilometres (c) Total Revenue/Average Fare per Kilometre. (f) Per bus per day. (d) Operated Kilometres X Average Capacity. 96

9.5 SRI LANKA RAILWAYS T9E5 - T994

Item Unit l9t5 l9t6 t9t7 l9Et l9t9 r990 l99l t992 1993 r994(a)

l. Rolling Siock l.l Locomotive (b) 262 262 l.l.l Broad Gauge No. 229 228 225 t82 t82 178 251 262 l. 1.2 Narrow Gauge No. l8 t8 l9 t3 t3 l3 t9 l9 19 l9 1.2 Pass€nger Coaches t,267 1.2.1 Broad Gauge No. r,283 1,265 r,t50 ,085 I,149 t,l9l |,293 l,308 |,479 45 45 L2.2 Nanow Gauge No. 10 70 70 45 45 45 45 45 1.3 Goods Wagons 2,592 2,5t5 1.3.1 Broad Gauge No. 1,690 3,442 3,507 3,233 3,232 3,t31 2,843 2,722 1.3-2 Narrow Gauge No. 105 I l3 I r3 l4 T4 t4 l4 t4 t4 l4 2. Routc r,403 1,,103 t,432 |,442 2.1 Broad Cauge Km. |,394 l,394 |,394 I,394 |,394 I,.394 59 2.2 Narow Cauge Km. 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 3, Stations 3.1 Broad Gauge No. 156 156 r56 t66 r66 156 t56 154 155 156 3.2 Nanow Gauge No. t2 t2 l2 t2 t2 t4 l4 6 8 4. Sub Statlons 122 4.1 Broad Cauge No 108 r08 r08 r00 l0l ll3 ll6 il6 l18 'l 1 t2 l3 4.2 Narrow Cauge No 8 8 E 7 7 l4 5. Passenger Journeys 43.O 5.1 Ordinary Ticket Passengers (c) Mn 23.9 23.3 24.5 22.1 21.4 35.4 33.2 34.7 38.3 37.8 40. t 42.4 5.2 Season Ticket Passengers Mn 36.5 36.4 36.2 32.8 25.2 33.3 36.1 6, Passengcr Kilomcteru (d) |,941.4 6.1 Ordinary Ticket Passngers Mn t,u7.9 x)2.5 983.8 863.8 949.O t.766.4 l,560.4 1,5t1.4 t,&7.1 t,014 6 r,093.1 I, 102.0 |,t74.5 1,260.3 6-2 Season Ticket Passengers (e) Mn t,052.9 l,069.5 1,074.7 995.3 784.9 7. Revcnue ftom Posscnger Trafftc 7.1 Ordinary Ticket Passengers Rs. Mn. 186.1 164.t t12.0 t58.4 r 80.9 333.5 372.1 343. r 376.9 435.7 r36.9 | 28.3 139.7 7.2 Season Ticket Passengers Rs. Mn. 82.9 92.9 67.5 66.2 53. I 77 .5 136.6 6.6 5.6 E. Cosching Troin Kilometre Mn. Km. 6.0 5.8 5.9 4.7 4.2 5.7 5-9 6.2 9. Goods Hauled Mn. Tons 1.6 1.6 t.5 t.5 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.4 t.4 10. Nct Ton Kllonetrcage ol Goods Eauled (0 Mn, 23t.9 203.6 t95.0 197.5 t70.7 r 63.8 r69.1 t77.0 t59.2 1 54.1 216.8 2l ll. Rcccipts from Goods Traflic Rs. Mn- t64.r r90.0 185.7 186 165.1 205.0 217.7 231.8 l.l 12. Goods Train Kilometrts Mn. Km. 2.3 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.2 t.5 1.2 1.0 .168.5 929.2 13. Gross Rrilwey Rcceiptc Rs. Mn. 483. I 500.8 506.4 46?'4 686.4 8 16.6 894.0 833.3 |,675.2 14. Rallway WorkinB Exp€ndlturc Rs. Mn. l,009.9 r,045.7 |,133.2 1,2t2.8 t,24t .5 |,t02.7 t, t99.8 |,238.s t.236 9 15. Pcrsonncl Strentth No. 26,739 22,877 23,998 22.228 22,056 t7,429 18,478 | 8,3,16 I 8,346 l 8.542 l.) !'|wi.idj (dJ Numb.r ol pr.rn!.n mv.ll.d x dkrrnc. trrv.llcd. Sourc.: Sri Lur! Rrtls.'l oi r*".iiii"r i*r"a. .rr .":in.r. r...n rd di.*l .nd p.v.. *B rnd rril crr. (., Nudb.r or tlor ticr.r hold€is nultipli.d bt't0 (ltsumin! thlt a ici xonrcr*rourcy. uu uiy pr...nr.ohotdi!!or.tiriryricr.k (or nunb.r.r Fr$n ricr.. hold.r l8urlly t!l..,onumb.rofjour'.y ror. monrh). ordimry ftrc. hold.r,) (f) Numb.r or bn. h.!l.d X tli.trm' hrul'd n

9.6 AVTATTON t9tr' - 1994

Itcm Unit l9t4 l9t5 l9t6 1987 l9tt l9t9 1990 l99l t9y2 1993 1994(a)

l. Scheduled Scwicec l.l Kilometres Flown '000 12,935 13,642 tt,27l I1,000 13,284 15,517 r7,539 r9,780 24,222 2t,862 21,328 1.2 Houn Flown No. 16,8s2 11,781 r4,601 14,16 16,225 t9,375 22,308 24,485 29,589 27,638 27,128 1.3 PassengersCarried No. 679,5E3 698,614 611,434 588,,140 694,306 739,UO 865,529 892,7& |,045,589 993,U7 r,(b6,845 1,4 Fr€ight Tons Carried No. 13,468 r4,453 12,008 11,284 14,26 16,162 2r426 24,2@ 27,O33 24,585 26,500 L5 Passengcr Kilometres Flown 'm0 2,472,222 2,509,459 2,107,778 1,945,841 2,382,s3E 2.622,905 3, | 89,010 3,U9,t56 4,1@.,396 3,624.030 3,683,2U 1.6 Available seat Kilometr€s '000 3,72t,947 3,920,820 t,333,O37 2,915,034 3,256,271 3,778,831 4,222,67 4,821,4t3 6,M9,738 5,26 1,450 5,t74,961 1.7 Passenger Load Factor % 6.4 63.8 63.2 66.8 73.2 69.4 75.5 71.s4 67.8 68.9 71.2 1.8 Total Tonne Kilom€tres Performed '000 284,555 295,941 245,755 225,701 278,457 3t3,290 389,995 418,082 484,587 435,550 447,61 1.8.1 Passengers (lncluding Baggage) '000 222,501 225,850 lE9,64t 175,t30 214,428 236,058 294,42 314,714 369,396 326,t63 33 t,489 1.8.2 Freight (Including Exccss) 'm0 59,552 65,96r 54,66 49,091 59,931 73, I E8 9l,t6l 98,698 109,846 l(x,435 109.903 1.8.3 Mail 'm0 2,502 4,130 1,,f48 1,480 4,098 4,044 4,393 4,671 5,345 4,952 6,269 1.9 Available Tonne Kilometres '000 475,957 s02,81 I 408,962 363,272 423,1t6 500,246 s69,966 633,561 776.'U8 668,903 6t,40 I.l0 Weight Load Factor % 59.8 58.9 60. I 62.1 65.8 62.6 6E.4 65.99 62.4 65. I 67.5

2. Non lhhcdulcd Services 2.1 Kilometrcs Flown 'm0 29 219 124 880 146 240 224 207 2.2 Aircmft Departure E 95 55 179 42 27 2.3 Hours Plown i: 39 289 58.27 t97.3 r83.5 t97.5 122.12 238 2.4 Passengcr Kilometres Flown 'm0 7,610 48,8t2 27,3Q 235,295 37,08r 60,168 s3,065 53,456 2.5 Tonnc Kilometres Performed '000 697 4,4r2 2,483 23,297 3,535 5,429 4,776 4,866 2.6 Available Tonne Kilometres '000 |,048 7,289 4,M9 26,454 4,403 5,430 4,776 5,t33

3. Pergonnel Strcngth No, 3,338 3,798 3,505 3,626 3,334 3,552 3,s72 3,749 4,229 4,09t 4,417

(a) Prcvisionrl Source: Air Lanka Note: Air Lanka commenced op€rations in January 1 979. 98

9.7 SHIPPING T9ff - 1994

Item Unit r9t6 r9E7 l98t l9E9 1990 r99l rwz 1993 lD4(a)

l. Vessels Arrived Colombo No. 2,505 2,33s 2,327 2,548 2,847 2,929 3,|7 3,323 3,251 l.l Food Cargo Vessels No. t4l t92 207 t38 145 l.l.l Tonnage MT'000 762.1 687.0 754.8 960.4 820.0 1.2 General Cargo Vessels No. 1,902 r,705 I,586 t,883 2,293 1.2.1 Tonnage MT'000 5,052.6 5,050.9 7,575.0 6,924.5 7,723 2. Cargo Handled - Discharged 9,732 r0,5 t5 2. I Colombo MT'000 5,8 t4.8 7,379.7 7,575.0 6,924.5 7,723.O 7,982.3 8,l3l 2.2 Galle MT'000 168.9 226.O 173.7 212.3 189 219 236 255 296 l, ts6 2.3 Trincomalee MT'000 763.8 [email protected] 587.0 787.3 736 768 893 r,069 3. Cargo Handled - Loaded MT'000 2,703.1 3,059.8 3,895.0 3,504.4 3,983 4,275 3,826 4,980 5,629 3.1 Colombo 1 3.2 Galle MT'000 I 1.0 1,387.0 t0 3.3 Trincomalee MT'000 4t6.3 40/.2 286.5 396.9 408 421 45 463 49s 4. Vessels Owned by Ceylon Shipping Corporaton No. 8 8 8 6 6 6 4 2 n,a. n.a. 5. Round Voyages Performed No. 225 228 2tl t76 t33 r06 94 82 6. Length of Scheduled Route Network Km.'(M) 2,317.s 1,946.4 2,O92.8 r,058.4 566.9 s63.4 4t2.9 69 n,a. 7. Tonnage Lifted by CSC Fleet 7.1 Outward Frt. T'0fi) l,09 r.5 995.7 1,040.7 893.9 687.0 635.9 647 458 n.a. 7.2 lnward Frt. T'000 766.s 872.3 t,o72.l 880.7 830.0 838. l 5s2 475 n.a. 8. Personnel Strength ofCSC No. t,6l l |,794 1,9t7 I,865 r,836 r,208 1,289 1,057 n.a. 9. Net Foreign Exchange Saving Rs. Mn. 325 192 251 I t8 -26E -t8 -18 t85 n.a. n.a. 10. Return on Capital Employed % 5.41 t.42 t.38 6.68 I l. Fleet Gross Block (b) Rs. Mn. 2,521 2,521 2.s20 1,433 t,433 1,433 t,433 533 n.a. (A)Provilionr|.sourcc':ccylonshippingcooofation' s.i r-anka rrotu Aurloriry. (ii origina cort or vcgsctr. CSC - Ccylon Shippins CoQontion

\ 99

r0.r SOCIAL INDICATORS: SRI LANKA COMPARED WITII SELECTED COUNTRIES

Ref. Sri Hong India Indo- Myan- Malay- Pakis- Philip- Singa- Thai- Item Year Lanka kong nesia mar sia tan pines POre land

l. Human Development Index 1990 0.663 0.913 0.309 0.515 0.390 0.790 0.31 r 0.603 0.849 0.7 ts (Min. : 0.000, Max. : 1.000) 1992 0.665 0.87s 0.382 0.586 0.406 0.794 0.393 0.62 | 0.836 0.798

2. Adult Literacy Rate (7o) : Male 1990 92.2 61.8 88.3 89. I 86.5 47.3 93.7 95.0 94.8 Female t990 85.2 JJ. / 15.3 72.3 70.4 2t.l 93.4 83.0 91.3

3. Population of Working age t994 60.5 70.0 60.0 63.0 59.0 -58.0 53.0 58.0 70.0 66.0 ( I 5-64 years) (As a Vo of population)

4. Labour Force t992 49 50 38 43 4l 38 28 56 65 56 (As a Vo of population)

5. Population per Physician t992 3,785(a 866 2, r00 10,99 r 3,56s 2,4t1 1,954 6,648 742 4,125

6. Population per Hospital Bed 1992 362 223 l,036 1,645 l,548 481 t,s2s 756 290 606

7. Daily Newspaper Circulation r990 32 648 32 28 5 140 l5 54 282 IJ (Copies per 1,000 persons)

8. Television sets per 1,0O0 persons | 990 35 280 32 60 2 t48 t8 48 378 l4

9. Telephones per 1,00 persons t99l 4s9 2 99 9 l0 402 28

10. Protein per Capita per Day (Grams) t992 47 95 58 6l 64 60 56 52 87 54

I 1. Calorie per Capita per Day (Calories) t992 2,274 3,t44 2,395 2,753 2,598 2,889 2,3t6 2,257 3.1 14 2.434

(a) Physicians include personel in government services only. Sources: Key Indicators of Developing Asian and Pacific Countries - 1995, ADB FAO Yearbook- 1992 Human Development Report - 1994, UNDP t00

102 GENERAL EDUCATION 1986 - ID4

Item 1986 t9t7 19tt r9t9 1990 r99l 1992 1993 r994(a)

Total No. ol Schools 10,r00 ro2o7 ro26r r0296 r0J82 10,s20 r0"5t3 10,710 10,750 l.l No. ofGovt. Schools 9,657 9,7@ 9,77l 9,805 9,8& 9,998 t0,u2 10,160 10, r93 1.1.1 himary 3,906 3.5 r8 4,274 4,430 4,369 4,326 4,334 4,237 4,t20 1.1.2 Secondary 5,751 6,191 5,497 5,375 5,495 5,672 5,708 5,929 6,073 [.2 Other Schools 443 498 491) 491 518 s22 541 550 567 1.2.1 Pirivenas 372 427 431 430 457 459 478 487 488 1.2.2 Estare Schools t2 l2 1.2.3 Private Schools 59 59 59 6l 6l 63 63 6r 79 2. Clgssillcaalon of Govt Schools 2.1 Grade lA&B 453 470 489 492 501 513 530 554 576 2.2 Grade lC 1,3 13 1,3 r3 1,457 t,372 r,389 1,5 l0 r,6 17 |,699 1,755 2.3 Gnde 2 3,985 4,408 3,55 l 3,51 1 3,575 3,581 3.561 3,670 3,672 2.4 GndeS 3,9(b 3,5 l8 4,274 4,430 4,399 4,394 4,334 4,237 4,1 90 Schml golng Populatlon 3,Bfl,rt7 3,974,Q5 4,0st,t4:t 4,r79,520 4232355 42st,597 43t6tn6 4303,432 4,32t,610 3.1 Government Schools 3,75 l,708 3,E55,019 3,938,062 4,057,8 l5 4,t | |,272 4,r35,t 14 4,r59,313 4,172,897 4,tEt.,421 3.2 Other Schools tt2,479 l | 9,586 120,781 l2 1,705 | 2 1,084 t23,583 t27,563 130,535 1 34,1 89 3.2. I Pirivena Schools 32,s62 t7,o3l 37,816 37,889 38,49 | zt0,0l5 43,239 46,663 46,505 3.2.2 Estate Schools r,107 t,627 3.2.3 hivate Schools 78,8r0 80,928 82,97 | 83,816 82,593 83,56E u,324 8r,872 87,684 4. New Admissions (Govt Schools) 39O,7li'2 394,602 394960 396,748 317J14 38t3rs 35922t 3s4J90 339,(xb 5. Drcpouts (!b) 4.5 4.7 4.3 '1,3 3.9 6. Totcl No. of Tcachcrs (Govt & Other Schmls) t49,t29 t$,7t2 14633{ rs3l43 rt4,E22 r7723r rt2,723 t94,O73 rgs243 6.1 GoverDmenl Teachem r43,398 140,485 140,061 t46,997 | 78,333 t70,735 175,8 r3 186926 t87,937 6.1.1. Science Craduates 3,487 3,686 3,734 4,221 3,780 3,791 3,804 4,471 6.1.2. Arts & Olher Graduates 29,380 29,720 30,9r l 35,217 36,255 35,621 36,182 ) 46,968 42,658 6.1.3. Diploma (Science & Maths) 237 205 251 222 210 t92 t7l t03 6.1.4. Trained Teachers 82,305 80, l 17 8l,66 r 82,065 84,336 76,195 80,826 83,676 85,259 6.1.5. Others 27,989 26,657 23sU 25,272 53,752 54,936 54,830 56,282 s5,46 6.2 Private & Pirivena Schools Teachers 5,73 I 6,327 6,273 6,246 6,489 6,496 6,910 7,t47 73M Pupil / Teachcr Retb (All Schools) 25.O 27.1 27.7 27.3 22.9 24,O 23.5 22.2 222 t Govt Expendltur€ or Getreral Educatloo (Rs. Mn) 3,555.4 3,662.s 3,9t0,3 s,t6l 5,t7e 9,003 8.1 Cunent Expenditur€ 33c'.2 3,376.O !,437.1 5,722 3,2t2 5,480 8.2 CaoitalExD€Dditur€ 247.2 246.5 54J.2 139 t80

(a) Provisional Classification of Schools from 1978 is as follows: S ou rce s: Ministry of Education and Primary Education: l97E-1982: schools having classes from Grade l-8 Grade lA - Schools having CCE (A/L) Science classes Higher Education 1983-t984: schools hoving classes from K.G. to Grade 5 Grade lB - - do - Central Bank of Sri Lanka 1985-1986: schools having classes from year l-6 Grade lC - Schools having GCE (A.L.) Arts/Commerce classes. Secondary Education: 1978-1982: schools having classes up to Grade l2 Cnde 2 - Schools having classes up to Grade l0 or 6-9lyear l-l I 1983-1984: schools having classes up to Crade 8, Grade l0 & Grade 12 Grade 3 - Schools having classes up to Grade l-5/year l-6 1985-1986: schools having classes from year l-9, 1-l I,l-13, & 7-13 t0l

10.3 TEACHERS AND PUPILS BY DISTRICT AND PROVINCE lgffi - 1994 ('000)

District / l9E6 r9E7 198E r989 1990 t99l 1992 1993 l9%(a) Province T P T P T P T P T P T P T P T P T P Western 36 96 36 WI 36 9t3 35 986 42 991 37 y75 36 910 37 906 36 9ll Colombo l5 401 t5 4M l5 ,106 t5 4tr t7 4W l5 398 t4 359 t4 354 l5 3v Gampaha 13 336 l3 34 l3 350 l2 352 l5 355 l3 353 l3 336 l3 336 t2 341 Kalutara 8 209 8 2r7 8 227 8 223 l0 227 9 224 9 2t5 9 216 9 216 Central 20 510 20 52E 20 543 2l 558 26 s67 25 576 25 567 25 s7l 26 s74 Kandy t2 286 t2 293 t2 299 l3 302 l5 302 t4 306 l4 297 t4 297 l5 299 Matale 4 97 4 100 4 104 4 106 ) 108 5 109 ) r08 ) l0E 5 108 NuwaraEliya 4 r27 4 135 4 140 4 r50 6 t57 6 l6l 6 t62 6 r66 6 t67 Southem 2l s20 2l 533 2l 550 2l *9 27 55E 27 551 26 548 2t 556 29 5& Galle 8 2t7 8 222 8 224 8 226 ll 228 ll 227 ll 226 ll 230 t2 238 Matara 8 179 8 182 8 t93 8 186 l0 189 9 187 9 180 l0 183 l0 r82 Harnbantota 5 t24 5 t29 ) t33 ) r37 6 l4l 7 t4l 6 t42 7 r43 7 t4 Northern 9 2v2 9 295 E 30t t0 32E l0 32E t0 313 9 2t9 l0 290 t0 2v2 a Jaffna 6 205 6 205 6 209 7 219 7 2t9 218 6 194 7 187 7 l8t Kilinochchi o.7 25 0.7 24 o.7 27 o.7 29 0.7 29 0.8 30 0.6 34 0.8 38 0.7 39 Mannar 0.7 22 0.7 23 0.7 26 0.8 30 0.8 30 0.8 20 0.6 l6 0.6 t7 0.6 l9 Mulativu 0.5 20 0.5 2l 0.5 22 0.5 22 0.5 22 0.7 24 0.6 24 1.0 24 0.7 27 Vavuniya 0.6 20 0.7 22 0.6 24 0.7 28 0.7 28 0.9 2l I 2l 0.6 24 I 26 Eastern E 262 8 26 8 276 9 299 11 3A tl 325 12 327 t4 3.() t4 % Batticaloa 2 80 2 8l 2 84 3 92 3 92 3 l0l 5 104 4 r07 3 109 Ampara 4 ll6 4 t2l 4 126 4 l3l 5 134 ) t47 6 149 7 r52 7 155 Trincomalee 2 66 2 66 2 66 2 77 J 76 3 78 5 74 3 8l 4 82 North TYestem l9 462 19 476 t9 4E9 l9 s00 24 50s 23 516 23 5r5 24 sn A sn Kurunegala l4 333 l4 342 l4 350 l5 356 l8 359 t7 360 l8 356 t9 353 t8 3s2 Puttalam 5 r29 ) t34 5 139 4 t44 6 t46 6 t56 5 r59 ) 159 6 160 North Central 9 u9 9 259 9 26 9 272 12 279 ll 287 n 29r 13 ?42 r3 a2 Anuradhapura 6 176 6 183 6 188 6 l9l 8 196 8 200 9 205 9 r96 9 196 Polonnaruwa 3 73 3 76 3 80 3 8l 4 83 3 87 3 86 4 86 4 86 Uva 10 24 10 255 10 26 ll 275 l3 2El r3 289 l3 2y2 14 296 l5 30r Badulla 7 tg 7 t7l 7 178 8 183 9 186 9 r89 9 190 l0 l9l l0 194 Monaragala 3 80 3 84 3 88 3 92 4 95 4 100 4 r02 4 105 5 t07 Sabaragamuwa l6 378 t6 390 l6 400 l6 4r2 20 418 20 al l9 418 20 4r9 20 423 Kegalle .- 8 2U 8 2t2 8 220 8 229 l0 235 l0 238 9 238 l0 179 l0 r79 Ratnapura 8 174 8 178 8 r80 8 r83 l0 183 t0 183 l0 180 l0 2Q l0 24

(a) Provisional T: Teachers P: Pupils Source: Ministy of Education and HigherEducation lU

rO.4 GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS BY SECTOR - 199I

Alllsland

Type of Schools Teacher Ratio

l. Schools having Classes r96 378,171 14,232 26.57 317 458,753 18,217 513 836,924 32,49 25.79 GCe1A,1P","nce( IAB) (38) (45) (44) (62) (ss) (56)

2. Schools having Classes 159 t55,U22 6,t34 25.27 1,351 1,039,175 43,41O l5l0 t,t94,t97 49,54 24.10 (l l) ( l3) ( l3) (8e) (87) (87) (Other than Science)( lC)

3. Schools having Classes t59,839 6,342 3,2U 1,222,380 53,67 3,581 1,382,219 60,009 23.03 upto year I l(Type 2) (t2) (ll) (e?) (88) (8e)

4. Schools having Classes 56,998 2,O39 4200 &776 26,694 4,394 72r,74 28,733 25.t2 from year I to 5 or years (8) (7) (e6 (e2 (e3) I to 8 (Type 3)

5. All Schools 750,030 28,747 26.W t9,t52 3,385,084 14t,988 9,998 135,1 14 t70,735

(t8) ( l7) (e2) (82) (83)

Data in parenthesis indicate percentage from all island position Source: Minisry of Education and Higher Education t03

rO.5 HIGIIER EDUCATION 19$ - I9I'/-

Item 1985 1986 1987 I9EE r9E9 1990 r99l 1992 1993 r9%(a) Technical Education l.l No. ofTechnical Institutions 27 27 27 27 29 29 29 3l 33 33 1.2 Intake (Full time & Part rime) t5,724 t5,o32 14,429 15, | 60 t4,0t4 13,262 t2,231 t2,374 12,090 l r,570 1.3 Total No. of Students 2t,690 20,529 20,796 2t,772 20,537 19,094 t6,7U 18,572 t7,973 1.3. Higher National 17,337 I Diploma & 3,920 2,832 3,2s0 3,345 2,846 3,t97 2,843 2,882 3,063 Professional 3,289 923 t,282 986 1,041 802 t,070 892 1.3.2 DiplomaCourse 995 l,187 t,t83 9,412 8,713 9,292 10,193 9,308 9,721 8,946 1.3.3 CertificateCourse 9,5t2 9, r85 9,93 r,865 t,729 t,809 t,847 t,654 r,905 1,726 t,8t5 2,4t5 2,709 1.3.4 Trade Course 5,570 5,973 5,459 5,346 5.927 3,201 2,297 3,368 1.3.5 Other 2,129 513

Agricultural Education 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 9 2. I No. of Agricultural Schools r93 407 430 246 396 400 368 321 36i1 2.2 No. of Studenrs 666 University Fducation 3.1 No. of Universities 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3.2 No. of Students 9 9 t8,496 18,2r7 18,913 t9,966 24,@O 29,471 28,2@ 31,47 30,637 3.3 No. of Teachers 30,7& l,683 1,809 l,943 1,825 l,8l l 2,UO 2,WO 2,291 3.4 New Admission 2,394 5,463 5,630 5,426 5,581 6,208 6,t43 6,463 9,439 3.5 No. Graduated 9,207 8,48t 4,528 4,179 845 54 t,277 4,476 5,386 4,295 4,94 3.5.1 Arts & Oriental Studies Special -8.A./8.A. t,987 t,7g 238 221 658 1,759 1,983 r.603 |,661 3.5.2 Commerce & Mast. Studies -B.Sc./B.Com--/B.S.A 741 718 t39 159 251 772 1,096 620 3.5.3 LawL.L.B. t,179 & 6l 88 98 3.5.4 89 |2 Science B.Sc. 831 759 255 t& 293 814 3.5.s 931 788 Engineering B.Sc. (Eng.) 247 286 454 3.5.6 Medicine 379 382 M.B.B.S. 385 338 199 a 3t4 334 3.5.7 Dental Surgery B.D.S. 47 45 63 27 48 ,59 3.5.8 Agriculture B.Sc. t62 142 9 175 r88 l9t 3.5.9 Vet.Science B.V. Sc. 24 20 !^ 34 32 29 3.5.10 Architecture and Quantity Surveying B.Sc. (BE) 42 28 39 7l 86 4. Total Expenditure on Eigher Edu. (Rs.M 723.3 t,057.9 1,000.l l,080.l 1, t 88.7 1,379.3 2,35t.1 2,580.7 4.1 CapitalExpenditure 377.8 663.2 5 r9.5 505.2 420.6 423.3 4.2 RecunentExpendituie 965.7 771.9 - 345.5 394.7 480.6 574.9 768.1 956 t,385.4 l,808.8 (a) Provisional Source: University Grant Commission t04

IO.5 ELIGIBLE, ADMITTED & ENROLLED STUDENTS T'OR I.]NTVERSITY EDUCATION

r9t9l9o r99Ol9r r99Uvz 1992193

!t !, tt tt ID c, Q) ql d) ID Subject () q) o, q) o a) o0 OD A e! D b0 ql a € E tt oo E € G' EI E q) e0 E q) o0 €) (u Stream G' E' G' tr tt (9 (9 €, frJ O rd I ri 9 f.] 9 A J I q ,i .) tr ID €) e a) z z !r t{ z z llr rd z z !r trl z z ri

L Arts Male 4,926 961 20 4,81 I 4,695 1,078 23 5,070 5,631 l,t0l 20 4,461 6,643 r,w l6 4,313 Female 10,007 1,086 ll s,207 l r,3 19 1,798 l6 5,563 t3,377 I,849 l4 5,670 14,43s 1,628 ll 6,037 Total 14,933 2,U7 t4 10,0r8 16,014 2,876 l8 t0,633 19,008 2,950 l6 10,l3l 2t,078 2,672 l3 I 0,350

2. Commerce Male 4,t69 627 l5 2,781 4,567 872 l9 3,279 5,368 806 l5 3, t05 7,573 781 l0 3,020 Female 4,&3 42 l0 2,2t7 5,891 736 t2 2,626 6,8 l3 720 ll 2,450 9,163 665 7 2,430

Total 8,812 1,069 t2 4,998 10,458 1,608 t5 5,905 12,l8l 1,526 l3 s,555 t6,736 1,46 9 5,4s0

9,5 l5 3. Science Male 5,926 2,178 37 8,s79 5,919 2,862 48 9,577 5,977 2,744 46 9,479 7,014 2,473 35 Female 4,E20 I,169 24 4,65 4,983 1,624 33 5,332 5,288 r,680 32 5,472 5,534 l,258 23 5,449 Total 10,746 3,347 3l 13,24 r0,902 4,486 4l r4,909 11,265 4,424 39 14,95l t2,548 3,731 30 I 4,964 r6,848 4. Total Male 15,021 3,766 25 l6,t1l l5,t8l 4,812 32 t7,926 16,976 4,651 27 t7,o45 2t,230 4,298 20 I 6 Female t9470 2,697 t4 12,089 22,193 4,158 l9 t3,521 25,478 4,249 t7 13,592 29,132 3,55 r t2 13,9 Total 34,491 6,463 l9 28,260 37,374 8,970 24 31,447 42,454 8,900 2l 30,637 50,362 7,849 I6 30,764

Source: University Grants Commission 105

IO.7 T'MVERSITY N)MISSIONS BY DISTRICT

District r9te/90 r990/91 r99U92 1992193 District r9t9/91) rvnl9r slnm l9'!n193

l. Colombo 1,194 r,69 1,73s 1,389 14. Vavuniya 33 Q 36 26 2. Gampaha 469 &7 &2 M 15. Trincomalee 9l l19 tt4 l0,6 3. Kalutara 289 421 429 &3 16. Batticaloa l19 155 213 135 4. Matale n6 143 r36 r48 17. Ampara 203 256 259 226 5. Kandy 414 621 589 s75 18. Puttalam 158 t97 183 2r8 6. NuwaraEliya u3 r50 t59 t6l 19. Kurunegala 46 726 689 7tl 7. Galle 340 579 504 539 20. Anuradhapura 193 232 24 238 8. Maara 268 40 444 378 21. Polonnanrwa 74 97 103 106 9. Hambantota u3 2s7 271 283 22. Badulla 303 333 329 v2 10. Jaffna 667 942 922 399 23. Monaragala 74 92 104 96 I l. Kilinochchi n Q 4l 32 24. Kegalle 236 360 342 330 12. Mannar 69 72 58 47 25. Ratnapura 2s3 325 q 301 324 13. Mulativu 52 50 33 Totat 6,62 t,965 tw 7ge

Source: University Grants Commission. 106

rO.8 UNIVERSITY ADMISSION BY DISTRICT AND ACADEMIC STREAM - 1992193

Academic . Commerce Quantity \ Stream & Arts vlgt. Studies Lsw Science Medicine Dental Velerinery Agriculture Engineering Surveying Totel \Catt8ory I I I (J (J I { € € € € € € € { € € € o,.,',N lrl

a l. Colombo 162 46 l9l 80 l6 t3 t22 t67 135 52 l6 6 3 35 l2 136 -56 3 :) 7 E 83d 448 2. Gampaha lt7 56 70 62 l0 3 l19 9 39 3 2 -) t8 l3 37 I 4 2 223 352 3. Kalutara t23 29 48 5 7 t3 68 t2 25 4 3 I l0 t2 20 3 3 I 198 r89 4. Matale 47 2 I l9 2 3 28 3 ll I I :) 2 ll I I 55 83 5. Kandy r56 56 57 8 8 27 89 26 36 2 2 t7 9 t9 26 4 4 4 313 237 6. NuwaraEliya 26 3; I 2? 4 t2 t9 2 I l7 I 27 t25 7. Galle 148 I 36 4l 6 ; 69 38 24 4 3 I ; 6 29 26 t f I 313 182 8. Matara t30 6 39 2 f t2 54 l3 t9 4 2 2 20 3 t5 2l 2 ; 2 202 t5l 9. Hambantota t09 2 39 4 60 2l 2 I 3 8 2 t7 l I il6 ts3 10. Jaffna 89 ; 27 38 I t2 t4 59 t6 l9 4 3 7 7 20 22 2 l t76 t73 I l. Kilinochchi 5 6 I 3 I I 5 I 5 25 12. Mannar 9 5 I 9 I 2 f I I 2 2 5 l2 3l 13. Mulativu l0 2 I 4 2 I J t0 20 14. Vavuniya 3 8 8 I I I I 3 20 15. Trincomalee t7 l5 l6 3 ll il l I 4 ; tl 2 20 75 16. Banicaloa 33 l5 , t8 5 23 ; tl I ) I ll I 17 EE 17. Ampara 45 t: 2 t4 4 52 3 2l I ; 6 2 t5 l 52 t3s 18. Puttalam 76 8 22 ; 4 40 t5 I I ; 6 ) l5 t I 9'l t06 19. Kurunegala 351 l3 63 7 t0 ; r08 t7 33 4 3 t5 t9 30 ; 3 2 4t5 271 20. Anuradhapura 68 21 I i6 3 26 I 24 3 I I 9 ) tt 75 155 .,J 21. Polonnaruwa 20 t7 3 t0 I l0 I I 4 t0 23 76 22. Badulla 73 22 6 54 I 7 u 2 3l 3 2 lt ; 24 I 84 239 23. Monaragala 12 ll 3 t8 I J t2 I 2 8 36 55 - 24. Kegalle 142 l0 37 I 5 56 J 20 I 2 ; 8 ) t9 ; ; I 165 r5l ., 25. Ratnapura t2l 46 ) 62 4 24 2 J ll I 26 I I I t34 t82

TOTAL 2,114 298 M E22 6 r32 22r I,199 2y2 ,189 l6 55 t2 36 ll9 r70 2vl 45E It 29 l0 33 3,621 31722

A - Q% Merit Quota B - 55Vo Disrict Quota C - 057o Under Privileged Quota Source: University Grants Commission Note: l. Science - Physical Science, Bio-Science, Mathematics and Statistics 2. Above statistics relate to under sraduates actuallv resistered for the first vear. 3. Above statistics do not inctude 241 srudents witliout-the relevent infonrvition lo7

rO.9 UI\DERGRADUATE ENTRANTS BY ACADEMIC STREAM AI\D RACE

Phy. Sc., Mgt. Studies Maths Quantity Arts & Com. Law Bio-Scienct Medicine Dental Veterinarv Agriculturr Engineering Architeclun Total Statistics Surveying (J L) (J € € € € € € € da € € E ltl { € € l. Sinhala 89/90 426 996 183 539 48 98 170 542 t43 436 t30 3r3 ll 52 tl 30 87 201 71 28.5 t2 23 3 17 1.303 3.534 90/91 r,523 253 377 678 69 79 154 372 r35 279 261 ,|()0 24 39 l0 24 68 165 t4l 324 t7 27 l0 t4 2,789 2,654 9v92 1,604 377 321 700 56 136 226 341 135 356 248 435 l6 34 t4 34 82 154 r65 329 l5 30 5 t2 2,887 2,938 92t93 r,759 214 394 657 g 100 155 587 'r1a 6 347 4t2 l6 42 t2 26 lt0 134 250 37J l8 28 8 r5 3, t04 2,685

2. Tamil 89/90 65 r49 126 t2l 2 l6 90 57 l2l 6 32 52 8 5 3 4 23 27 80 -56 ) 6 I 524 589 90t9r 266 23 124 3 l5 96 59 54 t& 44 & 7l 5 3 7 26 2l 8t 57 ; 8 2 766 428 9v92 378 30 t46 l4l il ll 92 62 30 70 55 76 6 l0 t0 t7 'R 70 lt3 I I t2 ) 818 557 92t93 176 56 44 103 l7 t3 68 4 37 t8 52 t2 8 7 28 32 1) ) 6 296 401

3. Moor 89/90 60 130 l0 78 6 l8 3 35 4 l8 2 l9 -5 l8 I 20 I 86 34 90t91 186 25 33 't3 t6 t2 l8 8 1 ) l8 26 ) ; I 4 24 I I 249 215 9v92 132 M l7 9l 2 l6 4 t3 6 22 5 43 -t 2 3 22 I 172 265 9U93 167 26 23 5l I t3 2 38 I 22 I 23 2 2 ; 7 5 12 ; I 202 t9l

4. Others 89/90 2 I 2 3 2 3 2 J 2 tl t0 90191 2 I 2 3 I I 3 I 3 I I 2 ., 9 l2 9r192 4 3 4 I ? I ll 6 9U93 t2 2 6 I I 2 I ; i 2 I I 20 l7

5. Total 89/90 553 321 741 ,276 57 134 297 669 2U 520 167 384 l9 62 t4 36 ll0 246 r58 363 t2 26 9 r8 t,924 4,477 90t9r 1,977 302 576 '194 .r1a E78 77 lll 263 49 2@ 342 325 500 24 49 l3 32 95 q7 t8 28 l8 t7 3,8 t3 3,309 9v92 2,1t8 453 487 936 69 163 323 418 l7l 48 308 554 22 47 t4 46 t0l r89 2q M t7 3l l8 t7 3,888 3,76 w93 2,1r4 298 467 8t9 66 l3l 170 694 5l 408 292 489 t6 56 t2 36 l19 170 287 458 l8 29 l0 33 3,622 3,294

A-n% MeritQuoa B 55% District - Quora C -O5% Under Privileged Quota Source: University Grants Commission

Notes : L Above statistics relale to undergraduates actually registered for the first year.

2. Above classification does not include the followings :_ Students without r€levent information - 13 in 89D0, E6l in 90/91, 496 in9ll92 and 429 in92l93 108

IO.IO INTAKE AND TOTAL ENROLMENT OF STUDENTS IN TECEMCAL INSTITUTES

Gr. I Technical Colleges Total Course of Study Total on roll l. Higher National Diploma 1988/89 9s0 3,t97 1989/90 92s 2,U3 1990/91 946 2,882 t99v92 819 3,063 2. National Diploma r988/89 619 I,070 I,O70 1989/90 695 892 892 t990t9l 697 99s 995 t99U92 762 I ,187 I,187 3. National Certificate 1988/89 4,267 6,1& 6,839 9,72r 1989/90 4,299 5,569 6,61I 8,946 t990t9l 4,534 6A7s 6,s83 9,512 t99U92 4,234 6,1 r8 6,4tO 9,185 National Craft (Trade) 1988/89 952 1,299 606 t,N7 1,90s Certificate 1989/90 797 1,059 655 t,224 t,726 l'9ml9l 8t2 1,148 655 r,239 l,8ls t99v92 1,210 t,580 797 1,781 2,41s

5. Short Courses 1988/89 249 254 98 497 . 469 (Mainly Intended for 1989/90 107 ll0 95 387 390 self-employment) 1990t9l lll t28 68 N2 4t9 t99U92 58 57 25 193 189

Short Courses Offered r988/89 1,063 389 2,732 2,732 to other organizations 1989/90 955 48 2,202 L9o7 1990/91 924 372 2,370 2,949 t99U92 331 798 t,96r l,9rm 7. Total 1988/89 8,100 506 13,262 t9,@4 989/90 7,778 &5 t2,23r t6,7M l99{Jt9l 8,024 ffi1 12,374 t8,572 t991t92 7,4r4 974 12,@o t7,973

Source: University Grants Commission r09

10.11 HEALTH SERVTCES 1986 - 1994

Item 1986 t9E7 1988 1989 1990 l99l 1992 1993 r994(f)

l. lVestern Medicine (a) No. of Hospitals (b) l.l 497 497 498 502 s02 504 506 504 n.a. 1.2 No. of Central Dispensaries 341 346 350 361 278 275 350 365 n.a. I (c)' .3 No. of Doctors 3,264 3,380 3,416 3,649 3,5 l4(el 4,135 4,598 s,018 No. 1.4 of Hospital Beds 46,005 45,019 45,406 45,721 42,079(d" 42,437(d" 48,06t 48,949 5,265 No. of Nurses 1.5 8,0r9 7,843 8,3t7 9,486 8,957(el 9,934 1,214 il,8t8 n.a. No. of Attendants 1.6 4,937 s,462 6,019 6,030 5,707(e) 5,697 5,7 l0 5,772 t3,t42 In Patients 1.7 Treated ('000) 2,s90 2,772 2,543 2,5t3 2,s33(d) 2,629(d" 3023 3,t74 5,469 Out Patients Visits ('000) 1.8 32,561 34,t39 31,407 3 t,781 28,40r (d) 28,s7s(d) 36827 36,892 n.a. 1.9 Imports of Pharmaceutical (Rs. Products Mn.) 780 786 9ll I,086 3270 1,749 2,439 n.a. Indigenous Medicine (Ayurvedic) (a) No. of Hospitals 2.1 22 25 28 30 35 38 4l 4l 42 2.2 No. of Central Dispensaries 33 4l 54 68 82 90 100 t06 il4 No. of Hospitals B-eds 2.3 l,586 t,694 1,8r6 t,876 2,002 2,t52 2,203 2,203 2,203 No. of Doctors 2.4 t73 173 t86 194 229 229 294 n.a. n.a. 2.5 No. of Registered Physicians 13,t84 13,570 t2,957 13,076 t3,284 t2,852 l 3,l3 l r 3,4s0 t3,624 No. of Nurses 2.6 126 125 142 103 103 103 t2l t2l No. t2l 2.7 of Attendants 250 250 280 t64 r84 t84 t84 t84 t84 2.8 ln Patients Treated (No. '000) 1)1 18.8 l8.7 17.6 20.9 l9 2l 22 22 Out Patients Treated (No. '000) 2.9 l ,s 13.8 t,673.7 t,626.1 I,394.0 t,8r0 1,920 2,M6 2,t28 2,127 2.10 Total Expenditure for Indigenous Medicine (Rs.'000) 66,35 t.6 90,398.1 102,106.9 t 64,596.0 84,989.0 t0l,2t7 86,024 85,441 98,e9 Family Planning (No.) 3. New Acceptors I 34,t07 l|4,765 t20,298 lzt,3t I 63,872 178,935 169,689 t33,132 Loops 3.1.1 t2,759 to,o77 t2,768 to,929 24,925 24,528 20,031 OraI 3.1.2 Pill 39,939 3l,889 34, r 30 3 t,380 48,353 48,764 33,734 Sterilizations 3.1.3 53, I 33 33,778 22,741 t9,342 42,031 38,3 t5 29,472 Injections 3.1.4 37,803 38,858 50,590 59,487 63,170 57,406 48,824 3. Nor Plant |.5 45 163 69 t73 456 676 1,071 4. Govt., (Rs. Expenditure on Health Mn.) 2,249 3,380 3,931 4,639 6,541 7,064 9,t85 Current Expenditure (Rs. 4.1 Mn.) |,841 2,401 2,427 3,38l 4,518 5,71 I 7,666 Capital Expenditure (Rs. Mn.) 4.2 408 979 1,504 t,258 2,O23 1,353 1,5 19 (a) Government (d) Excludes Nothern and Eastern Provinces Depanment of Health Services, (b) Includes Maternity Homes (e) Excludes Nothern Province Family Health Bureau, (c) Includes A.M.P.s (o Provisional Family Planning Association, Dept. of Ayurvedic. n0

IO.I2 ACTIVTIIES OF HT'ALTH CAMPAIGNS 19Et - 1994

Item Unit r9EE r9E9 1990 t99l 1992 1993 19%(a)

1. Venaral Disease l.l Patients Examined '000 204.7 2t3.2 180.3 2t5.9 220.1 I19.0 108.3 1.2 Positive Cases '000 7.7 6.9 6.9 6.1 5.1 2.9 2.5 1.3 Personelstrength- Doctors No. 23 24 22 t7 t3 l8 Others No. t63 168 383 t03 63 92 1.4 Expenditure Rs. Mn. 5.3 6.9 7.1 6.5 5.9 6.6 9.2 2. Malayria 2.1 Patients Examined '000 1,330.0 1,124.4 I,175.0 1,398.0 1,558.0 l,503.0 1,370.0 2.2 Positive Cases '000 383.9 258.7 279.0 400.0 399.0 363.0 273.0 2.3 Personel strength - Doctors No. 8 ) 4 3 5 7 7 Others No. 2,t@ 189 135 t47 123 5.131 4,315 2.4 Expenditure Rs. Mn. 42t.3 434.6 250.0 460.0 541.0 439.2 639.8 3. Loprosy 3.1 Patients Examined '000 206.3 8.4 3.0 3.2 t.9 2.1 3.2 Positive Cases '000 l.l o.2 2.7 2.9 2.4 1.9 2.1 3.3 Personel strength- Doctors No. 5 6 6 6 5 ) 6 Others No. t47 r26 t2l tt2 il5 137 t24 3.4 Expenditure Rs. Mn. 7.2 2.O t.7 1.7 2.6 2.2 2.3 4. Respiratory Disease 4.1 Patients Examined '000 73.2 82.4 r50. I t68. l l9 1.3 t02.l 130.0 4.2 Positive Cases '000 1.8 2.5 2.7 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.4 4.3 Personel strength - Doctors No. 50 24 29 22 28 34 39 0thers No. 750 542 403 379 398 406 411 4.4 Expenditure Rs. Mn. 35.2 27.9 28.0 33.6 39.2 44.2 42.O 5. Filariasis 5.1 Patients Examined '000 9r5.9 487.8 776.6 .24.8 38.0 632.0 6t2.4 5.2 Positive Cases '000 2.8 t.3 2.4 0.1 0.2 2.2 2.2 5.3 Personel srength - Doctors No. 4 ) I I I I I Others No. 577 613 t7 t7 17 17 20 5.4 Expenditure Rs. Mn. t2.8 t4.5 6.7 t.l t.2 2.8 2.2

(r) Proviliorul So|trt.!: Anti-Venurl Disci!. Crmplign, R€spiE ory DkcasconEDl fto8tun, Anti-Mrldr Camp{i8n, Anti-Fihri$is C$p.ign. Anti'L.cprocY Catnpaign, lll

r0.r3 PTOSTS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS(r) 1985 - t994

Item Unit l9t5 19t6 r9t7 19tt l9t9 1990 199r 1992 1993 r994(a)

1. Post Ollices No. 473 487 495 50E 511 st5 527 534 544 557 2. Sub Post Oftlces No. 3,200 3,221 3'2:2 3,321 3,330 3,349 3,357 3,357 2.1 Agency Post Offices 3,35 l 3,375 No. 8l 98 t27 147 173 3. Dcllvcry Areas No. 6,6t2 6,614 6,621 6,621 6,630 6,636 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729 4. Arce Served by e Port Oftice Sq. Km. 17.8 t7.6 17.4 t7.0 16.8 r6.6 16.5 16.3 t6.2 t6 Populetlon Scrvcd 5. by e Post Oftlce No. 4,305 4,321 4,335 4,306 4,4M 4,398 4,450 4,374 4,336 4,365 6. Lctters Pcr Inhgbitent No. 42 37 35 ?, 28 29 28 25 26 27 7. Domestlc Mell l.€tters 7.1 '000 460,498 460,4U 446,098 453,789 345,239 375,8t2 375,221 316,779 340,6s0 Post 375,293 7.2 Cards 43,279 41,91I 40,735 33,538 25,944 28,&l 27,732 26,@O 22,926 23p02 7.3 Prinled Matcrials & Newspapcrs 42,466 35,650 25,587 18,668 11,074 t2,791 14,446 21,524 t9,150 16,557 7.4 Express 327 3t9 295 295 245 231 2t7 Insured t42 166 t57 7.5 42 )t 32 64 l0E 59 52 l8 126 7.6 Registered 391 19,574 29,753 28,003 28,026 2E,O2l 28,223 28,5t7 29,4E6 30,8?6 3t,901 t. Parccls Parcels (Ordinary) Paid 8.1 474 342 314 339 303 297 291 257 2E4 E.2 Parcels (Ordinary) Other 269 28t 327 305 298 258 293 295 236 297 314 9. Fortlgn Mall (Outward) 9,1 Sea 9. l. l.€tters I l7E 137 150 rm8 339 313 2E6 2t3 194 9.1.2 Post Cards t44 38 42 72 60 30 30 11 t4 t3 23 9.1.3 hinted Materials; Newspapers & Magazines 1, r39 897 35r t45 53 48 42 30 32 42 9.1.4 Small Packets 1,t62 1,337 280 180 34 3t 26 20 20 9.1.5 Parcels 1 8 9.2 Nr 7 6 5 5 4 3 3 3 9.2.1 lptters 21,465 tE,953 28,343 34,377 31,976 29,794 28,600 27,@8 26,294 26,9t4 9,2.2 Post Cards l,803 2,O73 2,234 I all r,900 I,878 1,654 5,222 4,854 9.2.3 Printed Materials; 4,946 Newspapers & Magazines 3,466 3,778 1,557 829 542 463 5!l 667 @7 9.2.4 Small Packets 6s3 1,691 1,052 332 430 525 5t5 541 296 324 9.2.5 Parcels 446 6 6 7 9 l2 t2 l4 t6 t7 10. Forclgn Mall (Inwerd) l0.l Sea l0.l.l Leners 336 t84 401 341 334 306 lEl t77 150 10.1.2 Post Cards 69 69 58 26 t( ')) 10.1.3 Printed 12 t4 26 Materials; Newspapers & Magazines 2,583 8r3 193 il5 l0E n3 60 10.1.4 Small Packets 7l 38 2,635 472 183 93 84 E7 24 25 37 10.1.5 Parcels 28 25 24 10.2 Air 25 20 l5 t3 t2 l3 10.2.1 Letters 22,t53 | 37,384 35,057 33,669 32,638 28,998 30,158 27,580 10.2.2 Post Cards 2,557 | 2,3t6 2,038 t,962 t,739 2,723 2,827 3,r t0 10.2.3 Printed Materials; Newspapers & Magazines 3,384 | t,445 768 739 742 1,803 t,767 r,E43 10.2.4 Small Packets 825 | 475 524 530 568 3t7 353 10.2.5 Parcels. Packets M 45 1 39 32 54 40 44 38 42 (a) Provisional. Source: Department of Posts & Telecommunications. 12

10.13 posrs & TELECOMMUMCATIONS (2) r9ff - 1994

Item Unit r$5 t9E7 l9tt r989 1990 l99l r9v2 r993 19%(a)

l. Telephones (Main Lines) No. 92,065 96,668 to2,378 1o5,744 t23,585 125,834 t35,504 157,774 )80,724 l.l Colombo No. 57,824 n.a. 63,2M &,827 82,860 84,883 91,o23 104',920 t22,277 1.2 Outstations No. 34,241 n.a. 39,t74 Q,917 44,725 40,95 t 4,481 52,854 58,47 2. SubscriberTerminal Capacity of Public Switching Exchanges No. 136, r66 t40,790 t40,901 171,908 t58,5t8 159,667 179,995 207,227 240,t t8 3. Public Telephone Call Boxes No. n3 422 520 s60 560 259 498 6i13 747 4. New Telephone Lines Given (lnland ) No. 4,379 4,ffi3 4,999 3,336 17,756 6,579 r0,607 22,270 25,322 5. Telegraph Offices No. 3,912 4,M2 2,230 2,205 6,500 7,2W 6. Overseas Telephone Calls (Outward ) '0m t,055 1,222 1,547 2,251 3,801 5,102 6,388 7. Overseas Telegraph Messages from Sri Lanka '000 l,t6 t34 9l 103 99 89 92 85 88

E. Overseas Telegraph Messages to Sri Lanka '000 ll0 108 79 69 60 54 3,300 3,r00 9. Telex Overseas Calls '000 1,838 1,941 t,905 1,565 1,5t5 t,5 t9 1,393 10. No. ofTelex Subscribers '000 r.33 t.43 l.5l r.56 1.80 1.72 1.58 t.96 1084

(a) Provisional Source: Department of Posts & Telecommunications il3

r0.r4 MAss MEDIA rg84 - 1994

Item r984 r9E5 1986 1987 l9tt t9t9 1990 l99l rD2 1993 1994(a) l. Circulation of Newspapers 1.1 Daily Newspapers ('lX[) 93,947 ll4,E52 ll5,E74 119,039 rr4274 r0r529 95,4E7 140,4r0 l4l,lM rsrJ0r r92937 l.l.I Sinhala 54,016 67,753 69,267 72,n6 70, l 05 6l ,586 62,296 97,520 97,609 t02,346 142,739 1.1.2 Tamil r3,361 t5,239 t4,l l3 13,228 t2,983 1o,777 7,357 | 1,r00 t0,364 n,674 t3,172 1.1.3 English 26,570 3 r,859 32,494 33,69s 3r,186 29,t66 2s,834 31,790 33,13t 37,281 37,026 Copies per Thousand 23 t9 23 23 22 l9 l8 26 26 27 Persons per Day (No.) v

12 lVeekly Newspapers ('lXX)) 75,772 99477 lll,645 152,6n 59,16 rut3o2 109,945 llE,l07 122,720 125,525 1..2.1 Sinhata 65,802 8t,97r 90,633 'i26540 r33,t93 54,348 86,78 | 89,088 96,57 | 99,039 t0l,04r 99,509 1.2.2 Tamil 2,663 4,t96 4,828 5,099 5,t46 l,840 2,t21 3,998 5,201 6,827 7,481 1.2.3 English 7,307 13,310 t 6,1 84 t4,398 9,652 l8,68 | t8,736 r7,538 18,480 18,672 | 8,536 Copies per Thousand 93 r2l n3 t79 EO t23 t24 t32 135 r3E Persons (No.) 135

13 Circulation per Thousand tt2 l4 156 202 to2 r42 t42 158 162 165 Persons per Day (No.) 159

Televisions ('m0) (b) u9 t50 9s0 l,(x)0 r300 Radios ('000) (b) 35oo

(a) Provisional. Sources: Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Ltd., Wijaya Publications Ltd,. t (b) Estimated Number of sets in use. Sumathi Publications, Sathara Publ ications Ltd., Express Newspapers (Ceylon) Ltd., Lanka Multifax, Aththa Publications, Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation, Upali Newspapers Ltd., Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation. lt4

IO.T5 FILM INDUSTRY 1986 - 1994

Item Unit 1986 r9t7 r9EE 1989 l9m 1991 1992 1993 1994(a) l. Films Released No. 150 172 t76 lt8 L32 r22 t20 104 106 l. I Sinhala No. l8 18 l5 tz 20 25 26 25 26 1.2 Tamil No. 20 28 23 t2 l8 30 25 l8 l9 1.3 English No. ,_t, ,_^ 94 77 63 66 57 56 1.4 Hindi No. l" 4 03 03 ) 3', L5 Other Films No. l3 0l 0l 2. Nationally Produced Filns No. 18 1t 38 49 57 31 3. Imported tr'ilnts No. 176 r53 200 96 122 80 t23 50 6 3.1 England No. 42 29 26 ll 46 0l 3.2 U.S.A. No. 75 59 50 n l7 3; 56 22 24 3.3 India No. 20 28 l0 8 29 4l 55 05 l5 3.4 Hong-kong No. 27 25 l6 3 l2 M t4 2 3.5 Others No. ll ll 98 59 t7 02 06 09 5 4. Cinemas No. 313 274 258 268 2Sr 253 2St 262 263 l5 4. I Cinemas per I Mn. Population No. l9 l8 l6 t6 l5 l5 t5 l5 5. Seat Capacity No. 122,660 r3r22r 13E,604 l4/,y)6 13t,348 140,301 134,5E9 ll0,103(b) 120,53E 5.1 Balcony & Boxes No. 14,856 t3,207 t6,792 r6,953 16,560 16,808 17,41 ls,20s(b) r8,083 5.2 Reserved & O.D.C. No. 24,t51 22,977 24,602 26,053 24,628 34,824 35,822 38,590(b) 45,142 5.3 O.D.C. & First Class No. 39,464 30,72s 40,475 42,2t0 4 r,03s 42,Ot2 42,454 33,8s9(b) 36, r0l 5.4 Second Class No. 36,027 29,520 4t,975 43,985 41,005 38,t37 35,940 21,408(b) 19,867 5.5 Gallery No. 8,t62 4,729 t4,760 t5,795 15,t20 8,520 2,932 1,041(b) t,34s 6. Patrons Mn. 31.1 2t.s 27.5 24.2 6.1 Average daily attendance No t02,07s r02,000 88,075 83,623 78,035 68,877 7. Cinema Studios No. 02 03 04 O5 I

(a) Provisional. Source: State Film Corporation (b) Out of 262 Cinemas, information is available only for 235 Cinemas. il5

10.T6 PRISONS AI\D PRISONERS Igt/ . I9B.3 Item t9t4 r9$ l9t6 t9t7 l9tt r9t9 l9!n l99r t9!n r993(r)

Admlssion to Prbns and Tmining Scholc 12,9t3 r1269 14,6r7 l3J5s t299 6,014 l4,l2t 19,019 r423r r&644 Tminlng School for Youtbftrl Ofiendcn E3 59 t29 7A 45 3l 56 27 39 7l 2.1 Admission 219 2m 203 236 224 t77 t54 l0t t06 l0r 2.2 Dzily Avcragc Populal.ion Adnrission by Oflenc 3. I Murder 102 107 156 2t6 4l l4l 2t4 t65 t82 2Q 3.2 Attcmpted Murder 6l 39 41 7l EI 3E 66 6l 59 66 3.3 Culpablc Homicide and Attcmpled Culpable Homicide 77 57 )o t04 3l 63 124 l7l t39 t6 3.4 Kidnapping ) 2 2 I 6 02 0l t2 3.5 Rapc 4t 3l 38 42 9 l9 9E 35 t2l t7 3.6 Simple & Grievous Hurt 2(n 227 245 251 IJ 232 345 241) 480 361 3.? Criminal Force & lntimidalion 26 2l 9 9 9 6 8 3t 22 26 3.8 Unlawful Intercoune & Attempt 99 136 212 233 I 'l 22 E5 126 ll0 3.9 Aticmpt Suicide & Abctment of Suicide t3 9 4 l0 3 I I l4 4 3.10 Burgluy & Robbery 399 4/J2 215 t74 145 t24 2t7 391 361 331 3. I I Trcssprss, Hourc Brcating & Possession of House Brcaking Tmls t74 133 It3 252 E6 ill il6 2t2 429 230 3.12 Extortion & Looting 255 305 196 2tl E9 t78 3t I 266 373 374 3.13 Cheating & Criminal BMch of Trust 195 234 285 2E3 @ r35 2t7 215 225 227 3.14 Thsft t,542 I 354 I,195 I,630 4tt6 t53 1,0r0 t,r,t0 1,545 t,6 3.15 Other Offences 9,t25 l0 2r3 | 1,736 9,t65 1,179 6 086 I |,303 t5,997 14,t74 14,964 Length of Scntcnce 4.1 Undcr one Month 2,328 2,lU 2,O51 t,961 431 1,070 1,559 r,E50 2,229 2,03 | 4.2 One monh to six months 5,631 6,165 7,843 6,208 I,288 3,541 5,244 5,843 7,2411 6,744 4.3 Sevcn month to ore yesr ?,0't7 t,9fi) 2,236 2,511 t9l I,940 4,636 1 1)1 5,65 | 6,733 4.4 One ycu 10 two yca6 r,353 |,796 t,47t t,662 441 791 I,Ul I,994 1,976 2,O17 4.5 Thrce yem to live yem 1,3 t5 829 765 6tl2 287 4E3 955 1,297 925 t29 4.6 Six ycm to tcn ysils ll7 257 il9 9E 4t tffi t5l t11 t2l 121 4.7 Over len yces t62 l4l 125 t67 24 77 142 t3l l09 169 Dcath Sentences 5.1 Scntened to Death 60 8l 50 19 4l 4tl 102 t2 7l t20 5.2 Dcath ScnEnces Commuted to lmpri$nmcnt t6 .t 2 ) 6 I3 E 4l 4l 5.3 Awaiting Exeution or Final Decision for Comuadon or Exccution 5E 2l 14 76 39 4f 96 74 66 't6 Adnirsion Ralc (per llXl,lXXl populstlon) E3.2 83.t 90.7 Er.6 50.0 47.7 t3.l 1r0.3 ltx9 t05-t

10.17 ADMISSION TO PRISONS AND TRAIMNG SCHOOLS BY DISTRICTS . 1993 t c J F t ' c F E C) x v z' F Y c I I F F , Aduisions Male 8179 1417 t242 1076 453 97 E72 50E 'tl 6 9 l9 J 3t 69 t76 921 163 455 436 443 363 444 343 17t65 Fcmalc r33 106 29 8l 3E 6 80 65 7 I 3 3 z 3 l6 29 25 45 2l 27 22 22 t4 I 719

Total E,312 t,5E3 t,27 | I,157 491 r03 952 573 78 'l t2 22 -t Q 192 952 ItE 500 457 470 3t5 46 357 I r8,644 , Ratc per 1l[,0{Xl Population 410.5 10t.8 132.3 9t.2 I t4.5 19.3 98.0 7 t.9 14.7 08 8.8 I E.E 3l 9.2 14.4 59.4 65. I 30.5 61.5 | 3E.9 u.9 106.6 48.5 41.1 0.9 105.E , Pcrrrnlagc Disribution 4.6 t.5 6.8 6.2 2.6 6 5.1 3.1 0.4 00 0.1 0.1 00 o.2 0.4 1.0 5.1 t.0 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.1 2.5 t.9 0.9 t00.0

(a) Provisional Source: Thc Commissioncr of Prison. ll6 CBSL Q- tseel rO.It COIWICTED PRISONERS 19t9 - T993 mililtt R15889

l9E9 1990 l99l tvn llrr3

M F T M F T M F T M F T M F T

According to Age Urder.l6 years , ,..-,-1.',,i,1' 6 I 7 l5 l5 32 32 l7 l t8 23 2 25 16 to 40 vears . ..^..-:.-r,-"' 6,772 186 6,958 12,040 38; t2,424 t5,459 76 16,162 t4,642 566 t5,258 t5,448 573 t6,o2l " --"*'- 4l to 60 y".rs 861 't2 933 1,404 t02 r,506 2,296 248 2,544 2,482 194 2,676 2,165 187 2,352 Above 60 years lll 5 l16 172 ll r83 230 5l 281 305 u 349 229 l7 246 According to Literacy No Schooling 613 220 833 I,601 2tE r,819 924 269 t,t93 I,330 3rE 1,321 Grade l-5 |,227 9l 1,318 t,764 294 2,058 2,626 227 2,853 7,t49 232 2,38r Passed Grade 8 6,567 IJ 6,&2 7,922 t9t 8,1r3 8,1 20 lt4 8,234 7,956 60 8,0t 6 olL 380 l8 398 7W 95 804 371 26 397 408 3 4tl AIL il6 4 120 135 l3 148 96 ) l0l 82 83 Degree 2 I 3 I I 2 I I I Other 7 2 2 According to Marital Status Never Married 3,575 45 3,620 7,237 82 7,319 9,234 263 9,497 7,516 240 7,756 9,140 488 9,628 Married 4,106 t90 4,298 6,231 357 6,588 8,394 592 8,986 9,s85 463 10,048 8,414 2t8 8,632 Widowed 5 l5 20 43 36 79 r39 80 2t9 t2l 35 t56 104 22 t26 Divorced 45 l2 57 90 t4 104 145 29 174 138 27 t65 t28 l2 t40 Legally separated t9 t9 30 8 38 96 47 t43 86 40 t26 79 39 il8 According to Race Sinhalese 5,947 10,049 l3,06l 13,282 13,761 Tamil 943 l,838 2,790 2,402 2,304 Moor r,075 2,t47 3,055 2,43 2,462 Malay 42 75 89 80 90 Burgher 7 t2 l4 34 t7 Other 7 l0 t0 l0 I According to Religion Buddhist 5,253 9,037 r2,060 12,2W t2,7W Hindu 810 I,383 |,757 t,879 1,62 t Muslim I,l t7 2,5t1 3,6M 2,183 2,939 Roman Catholic 592 801 I,t30 970 870 Other Christians 242 379 4t4 402 450 Others t7 54 8 l6 6. Total Convicted Prisoners 8,014 t4,128 19,019 l8,25 | 18,644 M-Male F-Female T- Total Source: The Commissioner of Prison