MOZAMBI Q U E SUPPORT NETWORK NEWSLETTER

VOLUME Ill NUMBER 2 ISSN 1045-0254 SPRING/SUMMER 1990 MSN Inaugurates National Campaigns by Rollie Hudson

The recent Mozambique Support formally bring itself abreast of the last Network's national meeting, held the six months of activity and forge ahead weekend of April 20-22 in Chicago, into new business for the upcoming successfully brought the election of a summer, Grace Jones will serve with new co-chair, was attended by the Mo­ Dr. Loretta Williams as the new na­ zambican ambassador, and attracted a tional co-chair in place of Mackie number of luminaries. Some two dozen Mcleod, who is leaving next month Network chapter representatives from with his wife, Zubaida, for Harare, across the country participated in busi­ Zimbabwe, where they will serve as ness meetings, caucuses, workshops, international representatives for the and even a party in celebration of American Friends Service Committee. Namibian independence. Upcoming MSN plans include a The conference, it is generally fund-raising drive for a child trauma agreed, further solidified the group's and reorientation hospital in Northern national unity, marked the beginning Mozambique, the allocation of more of several m~jor anti-apartheid pro­ money, and an additional staff person jects, and paved the way for future im­ in Chicago. Plans for the Los Angeles provements on how to raise the aware­ area include targeting of the media ness of mainstream America concern­ and entertainment industry as a means ing the war in Mozambique. for public education. The emphasis Despite some unintended blending will focus on high-visibility personali­ of business and workshop meetings and ties, such as those surrounding the some public confusion over which ses­ Hollywood rock concert honoring Nel­ sions stressed caucusing rather than son Mandela, June 29-30. education, MSN as a group was able to continued on page 13 MSN National Campaigns Defend Mozambican Youth - Defeat Apartheid Financiers

MSN members and friends are en­ "Os instrumentalizados" -the ins~ru­ couraged to participate in national mentalized ones- has become a com­ campaigns to show solidarity to the mon phrase in Mozambican vocabu­ thousands of young Mozambicans ex­ lary to describe children who have ploited by REN AMO and to discredit been forced to witness and participate Citibank's continued financial support in the barbaric acts of violence by of apartheid. Materials for these cam­ RENAMO. Special care is needed for paigns are available from the Mozam­ these children who have been severely bique Support Network National Of­ traumatized by armed banditry. Special fice, 343 So. Dearborn, Suite 314, centers have been designed to reha­ Chicago, IL 6b604. Phone no. (312) bilitate and care for the most troubled 922-3286, fax (312) 922-6988. youth, before reintegrating them back Defending Mozambique's Youth into society. Armed banditry, the favored weapon "Child by Child" in South Africa's war against Mozam­ In Zambezia province, thirty orphan­ bique, targets children to destroy their ed children are facing the long struggle present childhood and the foundations for sheer survival and wholeness. The for their future. However, in the Afri­ Mozambique Support Network nation­ can tradition of "spontaneous adop­ al campaign, "Child by Child," is raising tion," Mozambicans have chosen to $100,000 for this center and others care for and protect their orphaned which rehabilitate traumatized chil­ youth rather than institutionalize dren. The funds will be used to buy Ambassador Valeriano Ferrao them. continued on page 9 -2- NEWSBRIEFS Renamo Train Ambush Mozambique National Resistance as he appealed for more help for Mo­ Maputo, February: Renamo am­ (MNR/Renamo) rebel action, the news zambique and Sudan. bushed a train, killing 60 people. Sev­ agency AIM reported. The warning that Africa's repeated eral survivors were kidnapped. The The figure announced could still appeals are beginning to strain donors' train. carrying mostly miners returning increase since some of the delegations generosity came from the UNICEF from South Africa, was six miles from present at the conference said that executive director, James P. Grant, as the border town of Ressano Garcia. they were not yet able to announce he requested $I I million for Mozam­ and about 44 miles northwest of Ma­ definite pledges. bique. puto. Renamo detonated a remote con­ The largest single donor in response UNICEF's appeal coincided with the trolled mine that derailed six pas­ to this appeal is Sweden which has publication of new UN figures showing senger cars. then opened fire. pledged $30m. It is followed by the that Western pledges are running be­ U.S. (about S20m), Canada ($18ml. the hind what many African countries are MOSAIC European Community ($14m), Italy expected to need to avert catastrophe. Johannesburg. April: South African ($10m), Holland ($6.7m). Norway Mr. Grant said the response to a friends of Mozambique have recently ($6.5m), Britian ($6m), Denmark ($5m) $135 million aid program launched in · created an organization baptized Mo­ and West Germany ($2.8m). April for Mozambique has been thin. zambique Support Committee (MO­ The European Community has de­ Meanwhile, the need for aid has in­ SAIC). The aim of the group is to de­ cided to allow funds available under creased since April as a pullback by nounce and expose South African sup­ the Lome Commission for assistance Renamo gave relief agencies access to port for Renamo and to press for its to refugees to be used to support . another 700,000 sick and hungry peo­ end: publicize inside South Africa the people displaced within the country. ( pie. effects of destabilization in Mozam­ UN general secretary, Javier Perez "' The Rome-based World Food Pro­ bique: and fight for the eradication of de Cuellar. has meanwhile condemned gram, which coordinates deliveries, the South African electrified fence the continued "campaign of terror reported recently that it had received along the border with Mozambique. against the civilian population" waged pledges for only 29 percent of the MOSAIC has already held a Mozam­ by the MNR. Speaking at the UN head­ 229,000 tons of emergency food relief bique week in South Africa. quarters on April 26, at the opening of needed this year for Mozambique. $120 Million in Aid the donors' conference, he said that at least 761 Mozambicans have been New York, April: The Mozambique killed already this year in attacks on donors' conference held at the UN villages, trains and vehicles. headquarters in New York on April 26 New U.S. Ambassador has provisionally raised about $120 President Bush announced he would million in emergency aid to meet pri­ nominate . career diplomat Townsend ority needs for 1990/ 91. UNICEF Reports Donor 'Fatigue' B. Friedman Jr., 50, as ambassador to The Mozambican government re­ (Adapted.from New York Times Mozambique, succeeding Melissa quested emergency aid valued ·at 6119/ 90) Foelsch Wells. Since 1987, Friedman $136.lm to meet the needs of about UN, June: The head of the United has served as director of Southern one and a half million Mozambicans Nations Children's Fund accused the European affairs at the State Depart­ displaced from their homes by the world's richer countries of "aid fatigue" ment.

Peace Talks Derail Direct talks between the government of the People's Republic of Mozambique and REN AMO were scheduled to begin June 12 in Blantyre, the second largest city in Malawi. The talks collapsed just hours after they were supposed to begin. A joint statement issued by the governments of Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and Malawi attributed the peace talks' derailment to the RENAMO and Kenyan delegations. "Owing to apparent difficulties experienced by the RENAMO and Kenyan delegations it was not possible to initiate the process of direct talks between the Mozambique government delegation and RENAMO on the agreed dates." Prior to the scheduled start of the talks, RENAMO representatives in the United States, Portugal, and Kenya were surprised by the announcement of the proposed talks and denied that such talks were in the planning. -3-

Letter To South Africa Workers Strike Strikes technically are outlawed un­ der the 1979 security law. However, END ALL FORMS OF SUPPORT the right to strike is included in the FOR RENAMO A wave of strikes has washed over draft of the new constitution. People the country since the start of the year. in all sectors and regions of the country Workers have demanded back pay, are participating in the nation-wide wage increases, upgradings, improved debate on a proposed constitution. In January the Johannesburg Sunday working conditions, and greater respect Star, and the Mozambican papers, pub­ for workers and their safety. lished an unprecedented open letter to President F.W. deKlerk from a group of 74 Mozambican intellectuals. It Over 45,000 workers have been in­ called on him to end all forms of South volved from journalists, railway, hos­ African support for REN AMO. pital, textile, glass, food processing, transportation, street-cleaning and oth­ er sectors. Most strikes have been of "Over the last decade, the People's short duration - a few hours to a few Republic of Mozambique has been the days. There has been no bloodshed. setting for one of the most terrible genocides in the history of Africa," The constraints from the IMF/ said the letter. "The aggression ... can­ World Bank economic restructuring not in any way be described as a war. program are key factors in the dis­ A war is directed against the armed satisfaction, but there is more: dissatis­ forces of a state. A war, though it in­ faction with the Mozambican Workers' volves destructive acts, prepared the Organization (OTM) which grew from conditions for insurgents to take over the production councils encouraged the government. This is not happening by FRELIMO post-independence. The ... in Mozambique .. (where) the violence OTM includes workers from all in­ .: "' is directed fundamentally against civil­ dustries who are assigned to sectoral ians, wiping out human lives and de­ unions within OTM. Modeled on the .~~ stroying economic infrastructures." Eastern European model of trade unions, the OTM's credibility has been Calling de Klerk's attention to his weakened. Workers complain that the NACALA HARBOR BACK lofty statements yet sparse action, the party organizations fail to transmit IN ACTION letter-writers called for "the eradication information about the country's con­ of all mechanisms conceived in the ditions, compromises and strategies. The Nacala Corridor is now the safest light of 'total strategy' (policy) to de­ And charges mount about growing cor­ of Mozambique's four major transport stabilise the region militarily." ruption and greed. routes. Since late February the bandits have stepped up their offensives along The same group of Mozambicans Workers speak openly of the dilem­ the Beira Corridor. Eleven persons also directed an appeal to the anti­ mas for them. Good intentions are in­ were killed in one incident. A white apartheid movement inside South sufficient. "The problem is that the Zimbabwean businessman and British Africa, calling on it to demand and brain understands what the govern­ professor were kidnapped in another. support the end of "all acts of de­ ment is saying about the dependence says Ruth Ansah Ayisi. Africa Infor­ stabilisation launched from South Afri­ of the economy upon foreign aid," said mation. can territory." The Mozambicans one worker from a heavy engineering Diplomatic sources put the peace asked that this be an added condition company, "but the stomach refuses to along the Nacala Corridor down to a for the negotiations with the Pretoria accept." Another said the banditry plus promise in August by RENAMO leader regime. economic liberalization meant that Alfonso Dhlakama not to launch any now there was both "conflict outside attacks there. It is believed that Ma­ and conflict inside." lawian president Kamuza Hastings Among the signatories: artist Ma­ Banda pressured Dhlakama, who needs langatana Valente; poet Jose Craveirin­ to pass through Malawi to take part in ha; and Secretary-General of the Mo­ President Chissano has spoken at current peace talks in Kenya's capital, zambican Writers Association, Albino public rallies urging management and Nairobi. Magaia. workers to solve their problems "in an President Joaquim Chissano, how­ atmosphere of respect and mutual ever, points out that attacks on the Na­ There have been solidarity responses trust." Most of the demands, he has cala corridor stopped well before to the letter. Organizations in South said, are "just and honest." President August last year, because the Frelimo Africa published support statements in Chissano has acknowledged that army has been defending the corridor the Johannesburg WEEKLY MAIL change is needed in the OTM which, more successfully. Both Malawian and elsewhere. Among these: the he says, has been "set free' to repre­ troops and troops trained by a private South African Association of Demo- sent worker interests in the new public British security firm ride the trains as continued on page 12. and private environment. well. -4-

U.S. Relations With Mozambique - Latest Statements

Mozambican President Joaquim Alberto Chissano made a four day official visit to the U.S.March 12-15, 1990. The schedule was tight, filled with meetings at the White House, State Department, Congress, the World Bank, and with Mozambicans in the U.S. and members of the MSN Executive Committee. These reforms have enhanced the ties which link Mozambique and the United States, strengthening rights cen­ tral to America- the right to vote and own property, the right to worship as we please, and to be free of violence. These reforms have buoyed the Mozambique peace process, which we amply discussed today. They have also meant more liberalization and privati­ zation, and led Mozambique to accept the economic rehabilitation program supported by the International Mone­ tary Fund, the IMF. For that, Mr. President, I salute you. Yet we look forward to even further reforms. So we talked today of com­ mon concerns-the crisis there in hu­ manitarian concerns, I might add. We reviewed ongoing developments in the Southern region of Africa and DEPARTURE STATEMENT (Excerpts) explored new ways to propel the trend President Joaquim Alberto Chissano In recent years we have taken impor­ toward political solutions and regional tant initiatives toward creating the cooperation. In all of this, we pledge Mozambique and U.S. relations have framework for further democratization our assistance to help Mozambique's been moving forward and expanding and economic liberalization in Mozam­ humanitarian and development needs. ever since President Machel met here bique. And most recently we put for­ For we've seen your government take five years ago with President Ronald ward a draft constitution that would: significant steps to heal divisions that Reagan. And I believe today we have provide for direct election of the Presi­ threaten your nation. And we urge all taken another step forward. dent and the People's Assembly based parties to talk at the earliest opportuni­ I briefed President Bush about the on universal suffrage, enshrine a basic ty so as to avoid further suffering. ongoing peace process in my country, set of rights for the people, and es­ Like many of your counterparts, and I informed him on the decision of tablish constitutional basis for private President Chissano, your government my government to enter into a direct property. has, in recent years, began to open up dialogue with Renamo as soon as possi­ We are a young country, only fifteen the economy to market forces, and to ble and about the measures already years old. As we build our country and open up the political process, allowing taken to bring this decision into effect. our democracy, we are grateful that a free flow of ideas. As we've learned I expressed my appreciation for the we have as friends the United States of around the world, democracy and de­ stand the United States has taken on America and President George Bush. velopment are directly related; each the war in Mozambique and for the President Bush encourages the other. So we commend positive role it has been playing in the you for taking steps toward democracy peace process. This afternoon, President Chissano parallel with those steps toward eco­ My government wishes to congratu­ and our delegation had a very produc­ nomic reform. late President Bush's Administration tive meeting and a very engaging work­ Mr. President, ours is the chance to for its efforts to promote peace and ing lunch. We used those opportuni­ act, not me:rely in Mozambique or any democracy in Southern Africa and we ties to discuss important bilateral mat­ single country, but rather all of Africa, make special note of its work in Na­ ters, including America's strongest en­ helping democracy enrich a continent mibia and South Africa. I have asked dorsement of the government of and your continent enrich the world. President Bush that the United States Mozambique's political and economic I look forward to working with you continue to spare no effort until peace, reforms. We spoke openly and frankly, toward peace and democracy in stability and economic prosperity are and I told President Chissano that he Mozambique and in the entire region. achieved in the region of Southern has our strong support as he undergoes I'm so glad you came to the White Africa. these reforms. House. -5-

EDITORIAL: The Nicaraguan Elections: Lessons for Mozambique

By Jim Eitel & Chris Benner U.S. would stop funding the contras. A U.S. as an effective tool in their low­ FSLN victory guaranteed a continued intensity warfare. In addition to mili­ The recent elections in Nicaragua U.S. war to undermine the gains of the tary warfare, economic embargoes, co­ highlight some important lessons to be revolution. vert and overt intervention, and diplo­ learned by Mozambique and the The FSLN did make mistakes which matic isolation, the U.S. government Mozambique support movement in the contributed to its defeat. Their election added electoral campaigns, providing United States. The parallels between advertising focused on simple phrases millions of dollars to the UNO cam­ the two countries are obvious. Both like "all will be better" and "let's win paign, and essentially coerced the Ni­ achieved a broad-based social revo­ and move forward," based on the as­ caraguans into voting away their free­ lution to install a progressive gov­ sumption they would win. Given the dom. As Mozambique prepares for up­ ernment that has tried to implement desperate state of the economy, some coming elections, we must be prepared programs to benefit a broad mass of voters were offended by this slick, ex­ for South Africa and the U.S. to use the people. Both countries have been sub­ pensive and shallow electoral cam­ elections to futher undermine the jected to vicious low-intensity warfare paign. The Sandinistas also clearly un­ Mozambican process. from foreign sponsored agents- in r~vo /utionary derestimated the desire for an end to Mozambique will be holding Presi­ Mozambique's case the primarily South the military draft. Some observers felt African sponsored REN AMO, in Nica­ dential elections sometime in 1991. that had the FSLN announced an aboli­ Any candidate who receives enough ragua, the U.S. backed contras. tion of the draft at the massive Februa­ The parallels may become even supporting signatures in each of ry 23rd rally-the largest in Nicaraguan Mozambique's provinces will be eligi­ more similar as Mozambique prepares history-they would have won the elec­ for elections sometime in 1991. There ble to run for President. Like in Nica­ tions, but the very size of the rally ragua, there will undoubtedly be efforts is talk of creating a multi-party system, made them believe their support was and national elections with contesting by the U.S. (and South Africa) to pro­ strong enough. This points out another mote and fund an opposition candi­ political parties are a very real possi­ weakness of the FSLN's campaign ef­ bility in the next few years. In this date. Nicaragua allowed foreign fund­ forts: their surprise and unprepared­ light, it is important for Mozambique ing of opposition parties, but Mozam­ ness for the electoral defeat indicate bique should be wary of following that to examine the entire election process that they were not fully in touch with in Nicaragua, and for solidarity workers path. We in the U.S. must be prepared the Nicaraguan people. in the United States to learn the lessons to strongly oppose any efforts to inter­ from the Nicaraguan elections in order The clearest lesson from the Nica­ vene in Mozambican affairs in this to be better prepared if a similar raguan elections is the near impossi­ way. situation arises in Mozambique. bility of holding truly democratic elec­ Discussions are currently being held The victory of the U.S. selected and tions in the context of U.S. aggression. about the possibility of a multi-party financed UNO (Union of National The FSLN agreed to go ahead with the system in Mozambique. Like in Nica­ Opposition) in the February 25 elec­ electoral process, even though the U.S. ragua where the U.S. tried to legiti­ tions was a major success for Wash­ continued to fund the contras and the mize the UNO coalition, there will be ington's so-called "Low Intensity" war­ contras continued to break the cease­ attempts to legitimize RENAMO as a fare. While the election process itself fire agreed to in the Tela Accords. political entity. Already there are on­ was free and open (a tribute to the This U.S.-financed war, which con­ going efforts in the U.S. and inter­ democratic structures the FSLN has tinued despite all international agree­ nationally to portray RENAMO as a helped create in Nicaragua), the con­ ments, sent a clear message to the political movement, eventually trying text in which the elections were held Nicaraguan people: nothing will stop to make it or a civilian counterpart was skewed. Ten years of economic the war while the Sandinistas are in eligible to compete in elections. There isolation, political destabilization, and power, no matter how much they bent are elements in the U.S. government military terrorism by the U.S.-backed over backwards to comply with inter­ who would like to see open U.S. sup­ contras has left the economy in ruins. national observers and agreements. In port for RENAMO. An extensive pri­ Every Nicaraguan family has been this context, it is a tribute to the gains vate network of support for REN AMO touched by the war. The Nicaraguan of the Sandinista revolution that the already exists. An important task of people were forced to vote with the FSLN was able to gain the support U.S. and international solidarity is to "gun" of U.S. policy pointed to their they did in the elections. combat all efforts to portray REN AMO heads. An UNO victory clearly meant Implications tor Mozambique as a legitimate political force in that the economic embargo against Mozambique. The experience of Nicaragua clearly continued on page 12 Nicaragua would be lifted and that the shows that elections were used by the

"An important task of U.S. and international solidarity is to combat all efforts to portray RENAMO as a legitimate political force in Mozambique. " -6- The Coors-Renamo Connection by Barbara Gude

On April 19th members of the Mo­ U nita in Angola. Three of these organi­ "increased bloodletting" as a way to zambique Support Network and the zations are the Heritage, the Free control unfriendly governments or Uptown Community Learning Center Congress Foundation and the Conser­ populations and it suggested not using in Chicago picketed the unveiling of vation Caucus. According to a new, as the U.S. military in favor of "using billboards by the Coors family that yet unpublished, report by Russ Bellant other warriors who can be hired or read 'The Right Dream - Pass It On" of the Political Research Associates of conscripted to do the fighting." It is and included a literacy Hotline number Cambridge, Massachusetts, the Coors precisely this strategy that is being used to call. The local MSN chapter did an family helped found the Heritage Foun­ in Mozambique and Angola today. It is informational flier for the event that dation in 1973 with an initial contribu­ this strategy that has destroyed schools, exposed the incredible hypocrisy of tion of $250,000 and has continued to health clinics, cooperatives, energy this billboard campaign which includes sources and railways. It is this strategy 18 billboards on the south and west that has terrorized and dislocated over sides of Chicago. half the population of Mozambique. It The flier asked the question, "Why definitely seems a misnomer to call it support literacy billboards in Chicago "low intensity." The same report also and destroy schools in Mozambique?" points out Joe Coors' longtime mem­ or "What's the connection between bership in and major contributions to Coors, 'The Right Dream' and Re­ be a major contributor. The report the Conservative Caucus, a very ardent namo?" There is more than one con­ goes on to say that it was the Heritage supporter of Renamo, and the Coors nection. The Coors family has founded, Foundation, as a right-wing think tank family participation and contributions funded and continues to participate at that came up with the idea of "low in­ to the Free Congress Foundation, the top levels of several radical right tensity conflict" to be used against whose newsletter the "Freedom Fight­ wing organizations that are major sup­ small countries unfriendly to the er" reports on and suports the activi­ porters of Renamo in Mozambique and United States. The proposal called for ties of Renamo.

BOOK REVIEW by William Minter, Ph.D. John s. Saul, Socialist Ideology and the Of the five essays, two focus on gen­ while maintaining a larger vision, how Struggle for Southern Africa. Africa World eral issues of socialist ideology in much can intentions and policies affect Press, Trenton, NJ, 1990. $11.95. Africa, one on Mozambique, one on the objective circumstances. The Zimbabwe and one on South Africa. answers here may not satisfy us. But At meetings or in current articles, The Mozambique essay from 1987, on the serious reflection they represent is John Saul can always be relied on for "development and counterdevelop­ indispensable. subtle, committed and informed re­ ment strategies," is still a useful sum­ flections about the current situation in mary. The others, read in 1990, have southern Africa. Picking up this book, the feel of being both too general and one would like to hear him talking too specific. General reflections set in about today, reflecting on the impact the context of specific times and specif­ of events in eastern Europe, Mandela's ic debates, they demand a lot of the release and the war weariness of An­ reader trying to think through what gola and Mozambique. still applies. It doesn't help that most But books take a long time to be sentences are twice as long as they published, and there is no practical should be. way this book could be so up-to-date. But it is a bit disappointing to find it Still, the essays pose issues that the consists of essays already published solidarity movement must grapple with. between 1980 and 1987, with some Issues like just what kind of socialism additional comments and an afterword is possible, how to avoid dogmatism written in 1988. and deal with particular situations -7-

NEW RESOURCES Mozambique 1990: New Directions THIRTEEN NEW PUBLICATIONS are available from the (CIDMAA/ COCAMO, 1989, 184pp, Mozambique Support Network National Office, 343 South $12.00, is a comprehensive compila­ tion of articles, interviews, and analyses Dearborn, Suite 314, Chicago, IL 60604, 312/922-3286. of Mozambique's political history and future. Among topics included are "FRELIMO after the Fifth Party Con­ Bones (Baobab Books, 1989, 135pp Bridging the Global Gap: A Hand­ gres;;," "What is RENAMO?" and "New $7.00), the award-winning novel by book to Linking Citizens of the First Economics." Zimbabwean author Chenjerai Hove, and Third Worlds (Seven Locks Press, provides a rendering of the hardships 1989, 339pp, $11.95), is a working guide 1990: Mozambique Emergency Fact in pre-liberation Zimbabwe and the to creating real people-to-people links Sheet (United Nations, 1990, free) . This struggle for freedom through the life with the peoples of the third world. one-page glossy brochure outlines the of Marita, a Zimbabwean farm-worker Medea Benjamin and Andrea Freed­ total cost of Mozambique's Emergency whose son becomes a freedom fighter. man cover a broad range of topics, Appeal, including food aid, survival including traveling with sensitivity and items, and logistics. Harvest of Thorns (Baobab Books, an eye to learning and linking, the UNMASKING THE BANDITS: The 1989, 277pp, $8.00) is Shimmer Chinod­ question of aid, material aid work and True Face of the M.N.R.: European ya's latest novel. Chinodya, a Zim­ creating linkages for these purposes, Involvement with Apartheid's Tool of babwean, also treats with the subject and actual organization-building. The Terror (ECASAAMA, 1990, 9lpp, of liberation through an individual's book includes a useful resource sec­ $9.00). Journalist and filmmaker experience, that of Benjamin Tichafa, tion. Anders Nilsson traces the history of who is torn between the forces of the Mozambique National Resistance Christianity and Nationalism, his per­ Banking on Apartheid (James Currey, 1989, 94pp, $8.00) is a well-document­ (MNR or RENAMO) and identifies sonal responsibilities and public European support for the MNR from duties. ed examination of the effect of sanc­ tions and a must for anyone who wishes Portugal, West Germany, and the Unit­ ed Kingdom. The book also contains The Trial of Andrew Zondo (Baobab to be conversant with sanctions argu­ ments. three excellent appendices chronicling Books, 1987, l 79pp, $7.00). Fatima South Africa aggression against Mo­ Meer gives voice to a young man exe­ Apartheid Terrorism (Indiana Univ. zambique from 1980-1988, post-inde­ cuted by Pretoria for sabotage in 1986 Press, 1989, 163pp, $10.00), authored pendence achievements from 1975- at the age of 19, discussing Andrew's by Phyllis Johnson and David Martin, 1981, and the effects of MNR terrorism early life, his political work, and the is a comprehensive country-by-country and destabilization. actual workings of the trial that led to examination of the effects of South his conviction and execution. African-backed destabilization among the Frontline states, and an excellent, White Man Black War (Baobab Books, well-documented resource for activists, 1989, 134pp, $7.00). Bruce Moore­ journalists and researchers. King, a former member of the Rho­ Regional Conflict and U.S. Policy: desian armed forces, tells the story of Angola and Mozambique, edited by his own lengthy involvement in various Richard J. Bloomfield (Reference Pub­ Rhodesian forces "terrs" (terrorists) as­ lications Inc., 1988, 26lpp, $12.95), is a sassinations, including the shooting of compendium of nine essays by experts small children for being out after cur­ such as Bender, Smith and Rotberg on few. This is an honest book which at­ U.S., Soviet, Cuban and South African tempts to come to grips with the de­ policies in Southern Africa. This col­ pravity of the attempt to maintain Rho­ lection provides a useful overview of Mini-Guide to Mozambique: Struggle desia as a bastion of white supremacy. regional policy questions. For Survival (American Friends Ser­ vice Committee, 1990, Spp, $1.25). A Readers may already be familiar with brief and precise overview of Mozam­ Ruth First's 117 Days (Monthly Review bique's history and current situation. Press, l 70pp, 1989, $9.00), First's ac­ Among MSN's new offerings is the text count, written in 1965 and now re­ of a speech given by Jose Oscar Mon­ BACK IN STOCK! printed, of her four months in de­ teiro to .delegates to the Provincial Paul Gifford's The Religious Right In tention. Both as a piece of prison litera­ Assemblies Seminar at Beira in May, Southern Africa (Baobab Books, 1988, ture, and as a personal chronicle of an 1988. Entitled Power and Democracy, important aspect of South African po­ l 18pp, $7.00) is available in limited the speech is a meditation on the supply. litical life, 117 Days remains an impor­ history and forms of power in Mozam­ tant work by one of the leading activ­ bique, and is part of a new series of Malangatana T-Shirt, the "Sacred ists and journalists from the 1940's until such speeches to be published in Well," is available in L and XL her death at the hands of the South Mozambique ($6.00, 75pp). ($15.00). African government. -8-

MORE ON MALANGATANA: THE ART OF RESISTANCE VISITS CHICAGO

Excerpts from an article written by I turned to look at his art-a large many are archives, galleries, and places Chicago MSN member Rollie Hudson canvas called "The Wishing Well" - for things long since dead. He asserts reflecting on the November 1989 visit and found it looking back at me. A that he is very much alive and that his of Mozambique's "most famous cul­ myriad of eyes searched the room in work speaks to the contemporary tural emissary" Malangatana Ngwenya which I was standing. Big eyes and world situation as legitimately as any small. Malangatana's creatures greet­ other. ed me with lids half closed from wis­ The conquistadores and slave ships Once upon a time, Malangatana used dom to unblinking orbs, frozen in stark continue to sail in subtle and not so his oil and canvass to battle Portu­ terror. And the creatures themselves? subtle ways through the fog. Euro­ guese colonialism. Now, he continues Some were human, some animal, al­ centric and implicitly racist standards to struggle against apartheid's "front­ though many were a combination of are constantly imposed upon culturally line destabilization" tactics of using the two. He had painted many of his specific aesthetic creations like Ma­ contrastyle raids against unarmed forms metamorphosing between langatana's art. During one of his open­ civilians in Mozambique's interior. His shapes. Sometimes, they would simply ings in Portugal, in which Malangatana art conveys images of suffering and bleed into one another or fade into the was wandering unnoticed in the crowd, strength which are special, not simply background as if they had used up he happened into earshot of a group of because they are politically and emo­ their usefulness. Others were sketched white Portuguese commenting on his tionally noble. but because his techni­ on top of the scenery. Were they ghosts works. cal style is generally considered noth­ or simply afterthoughts he couldn't ing short of genius. He is to the anti­ bear to leave out? But it all seemed to "It is quite good," one said. apartheid cultural movement as Nelson fit together beautifully, like a menager­ "Yes," replied another, "but rumor Mandela is to the political. ie of grand design. has it that there is no real Malangatana. Some say this is really the work of a civilized white man." "When I meet people I laugh, I sing, "Indeed, I've heard such stories," I dance. But when I go to the canvas, I added a third, "and they ring true. I am another Malangatana." " ... rumor has it that find it difficult to believe that a black could paint this well." there is no real Malangatana. Some say Just as they were coming to a general Malangatana is of the belief that as consensus on how only a white could the world changes, an artist's job is not this is really the work of so successfully capture images from simply to entertain, but to "help the a civilized white man." the 'black mind,' Malangatana, step­ philosophers think." And "something ping up politely, handed them a quick­ is really changing," he said. Referring ly drawn sketch of themselves. to a sculpture he is building at the I found myself looking next at a entrance of a new factory in Maputo, dark green sea monster descending continued on page JO Mozambique's capital. the artist says upon the entwined silhouettes of two that he sees new lines, new hope, a naked lovers. But when I followed the new direction in his part of the world. creature's body away from its teeth, He maintains that "the lines are more down its length, it faded into an amor­ human now. They are laughing. In­ phous shape cast in maroon shadow. stead of chains there are tattoos-sym­ And I was left wondering what that bols of culture." mean looking bird of prey nearby was guarding.

As part of his mastery of technique, In Vienna, much to his chagrin, Ma­ Malangatana rejects easy solutions. langatana's work was rej ected fr om Each bit of space on his canvas is both the "contemporary" and occupied, compact and united, by "modern" art museums. He was rele­ figures engaged in a struggle of violent gated to the "African Art" museum heat and shrieking colors. It is a near primarily because his style did not fit obsession he has with his work and it the Europeans' categories, and because has become a characteristic trait. Rare­ he was a black African. "Am I not a ly is a Malangatana work to be found modern painter?" he asked ... He main­ which doesn't have images swirling out tained that while African art museums of chaos towards the audience, only to have their purpose, they tend to be recede into their private voids once thought of as warehouses of the past; again. -9-

Defeat Apartheid continued from page I food, bedding, medicines and to repair loans to South Africa. That earlier and other countries, U.S. banks have infrastructures. Funds will also support action had enormous impact, forcing particular leverage. They can refuse to staff training for rehabilitation pro­ further decline to South Africa's econo­ process transactions which begin or grams. my. end in South Africa. By continuing What you can do: But, even in this rescheduling, there pressure on the banks, and by consis­ • Send a personal donation today to are deadlines to be met: 20% of the $21 tent advocacy to Congresspersons sup­ help counter the human cost of vio­ billion debt has to be repaid by 1993. porting HR3458, we can persuade them lence (make checks payable to Well­ And in 1990-91 a number of European to choose to use this leverage. This ington Avenue Church). bonds come due. A further $3 billion is bill, the Financial Sanctions for De­ • Organize a fundraiser. Fundrais­ due as Pretoria begins repaying prin­ mocracy in South Africa Amendment ing brochures and videos are available cipal on "exit-loans" converted under Act, complements the Dellums/ Simon from the MSN National Office. MSN the earlier agreement. It is time to comprehensive sanctions bill. can also supply speakers for your pressure the banks! Congressman Walter Fauntroy, serv­ event. ing on the U.S. House Banking Sub­ A Call for Consumer Activism committee on International Develop­ • Make this campaign an ongoing We have two strategies: consumer project for your organization. ment, Finance, Trade and Monetary pressure on the banks, alerting them to Policy, is in the lead here. Hearings are their tarnished image; and vocal sup­ scheduled on the bill requiring that port for legislative attention to financial banks which have rescheduled their sanctions. debt, or converted it into 10-year exit MSN has chosen to focus on Citi­ loans, immediately sell these loans on DEFEAT Corp 's complicity in the rescheduling, the secondary market. Correspondent and on its correspondent banking re­ banking relationships with South Afri­ APARTHEID lationships with South Africa. We seek can entities would be prohibited. Call BOYCOTT to block further conversions of this or write a letter to your Congress­ debt. Our goal: a blizzard of postcards person and Senator today. CITIBANK! from all regions of the U.S. questioning Please act now: first mail a postcard! the corporate image. Then write the letter! South Africa has been able to negoti­ Support Financial Santions Mr. John Reed, Chief Executive ate more time-over three more years­ These strategies logically comple­ Officer of Citibank, NA, 399 Park Ave­ to pay back its huge debt. International ment and expand comprehensive sanc­ nue, New York, NY 10043, must hear bankers, including Manufacturers Han­ tions on trade and investment. Goal: from the thousands of Americans who over and J.P. Morgan and Company, severance of the international financial believe that apartheid is a crime against agreed, in Fall, 1989, to an extension lifeline- routine transactions such as humanity. Postcards are available from of time, rescheduling and thereby de­ correspondent banking relations, let­ the MSN National Office. laying payments. They have joined Citi­ ters of credit, collections, etc. - to In similar fashion, your elected rep­ bank which earlier had granted South South African entities. resentative on Capitol Hill needs to Africa ten more years for repayment Since the U.S. dollar is the currency hear from you. Address: United States of old debt. for the international foreign exchange Senate, Washington, D.C. 20510; Unit­ These actions can be contrasted with system, thus serving as the intermedi­ ed States House of Representatives, the 1985 refusal by banks to renew ary for transfers betw een South Africa Washington, D.C. 20515.

Zambezia Province Center for traumatized children. -10-

Art of Resistance from pages

The cultural history of Malanga­ MSN Massachusetts tana's people rests on its own beauty, myth, and folklore. It defines itself and Passes A does not need the approval of an oppressive culture in order to obtain legitimacy. His ancestral connections Milestone to past glories, courageous feats of warriors, stories of love, legends, music and song.,.- as well as spirits and The City Couneil of Bo§ton ha§ endorsed the magic-make Malangatana an artist §I§ter-eity relation§hip between Bo§ton and Beira. with profound roots. He was also an Some exeerpts from the 14 "Wherea§" paragraph§: apprentice to a traditional healer, and was initiated into some of most hidden WHEREAS: The citizens of Boston have repeatedly secrets of ancient magic. It shows in expressed in actions their ideals and fervor for freedom, his work. justice and the common good, from colonial days of the present; and WHEREAS: The residents of Boston would gain in awareness and understanding by learning about the human face of African urban development, as well as learn about the art, music and social reality of people building a nonracial democracy in southern Africa; and WHEREAS: The residents of Beira, a port city with rail links to several landlocked African nations, would benefit from the knowledge Boston has acquired in promoting port development and sound municipal management, educational and health systems, successful business and commercial enterprises, and a thriving cultural center; and WHEREAS: The people of both cities would gain from encouraging cooperative and mutual exchange in the areas "'

CHICAGO YOUTH DECRY CITIBANK SUPPORT OF APARTHEID by Rollie Hudson If hindsight had benefited the decision makers at the Museum of Science and Industry when they decided to ask an active member of Chicago's anti-apartheid move­ ment to speak at the Museum's annual "Black Creativity Month," they might not have also asked South Africa's most generous U.S.-based creditor to underwrite their program.

Lisa January, National Coordinator of the Mozambique Support Network (MSN), received early in February an invitation to speak to southside high school students on what life is like for students in the frontline states affected by the apartheid regime, particularly in the southern African country of Mozambique. Before opening the floor to questions, January Accepting the offer to speak at the student showed the Chicago youths a video called "Riding Out workshop, January subsequently learned that Citibank­ the Storm," about Renamo's terror in the outback of with more credit ($600-$700 million) now invested in the Mozambique. They were then told of Citibank's recent South African economy than any other U.S. bank-was decision to roll over some $600 million of its short- and the primary sponsor of the Museum's entire Black long-term loans to apartheid businesses until 1997, with Creativity Month. no repayment of principals due for the first five years, a Despite a letter to Diane McCain, of the Museum's move nearly equivalent to a new loan to South Africa. Community Programs department, indicating that she Pretoria, experts maintain, will now have total flexibility would raise the issue of Citibank's "complicity with in how the new money will be spent. The arrangement is apartheid," January found herself teaching some 400 one which sets a dangerous precedent towards giving wide-eyed students about terms like "destabilization." Pretoria a renewed legitimacy, rather than increasing the From that afternoon's workshop came a story which pressure on South Africa's white minority leaders to Citibank officials are said to have asked, unsuccessfully, dismantle apartheid. the Chicago Defender not to run. "And after everything you just learned about apartheid in Southern Africa," January asked her students, "I ask you how, on one hand, can Citibank support apartheid, yet, on the other hand, sponsor black creativity in the United States?" The students were in an uproar, a few accusing her of working for Citibank, but most were filled with abhorrence for apartheid and empathy for Blacks in Southern Africa. Several even asked about other corporations heavily invested in South Africa, such as Coca-Cola and Shell Oil. The meeting closed with students promising to tell their parents to cut up their Citibank credit cards and close their accounts. If they do so, they will be contributing to a divestment movement in the U.S. which has precipitated a slew of mandatory debt repayments and a financial crisis in South Africa totalling a net capital drain of more than $10 billion since 1985.

Reprinted, in part, from Heartland, June 1990. -12- Seattle Volunteers Respond to Need in Mozambique - Children Send a Message

The Mozambique Health Committee of Seattle is preparing to ship a con­ tainer of medical supplies, clothing, hospital linens, bicycles and paint to the adopted Manica District in central Mozambique. The medical supplies being shipped include an obstetrical delivery table, examination table, syringes and HIV test kits. Many of the items being sent have been donated by individuals and businesses throughout the Seattle area. For the past two years, the Mozambique Health Committee has worked in conjunction with the Mozambican Ministry of Health to provide equipment and supplies for basic medical care materials and as­ sistance to rebuild health posts, and physicians and nurses to teach and provide care. The project is a collaboration be­ tween the American Friends Service Mozambique Health Committee Committee, Pratt Fine Arts Center and the Mozambique Health Committee in an effort to generate interest in the current social and political situation in Mozambique.

EDITORIAL continued from page 5 cratic Journalists. the Congress of deKlerk to make any assistance to the grams were perhaps too uncritically South African Writers, the Film and MNR a punishable offense. In a speech praised and we were inadequately pre­ Allied Workers Organization, and the at Bloemfontein, Mandela added that pared to deal with an FSLN defeat. Union of Democratic Universities the U.S. should do likewise. "The In the international solidarity move­ South Africa. South African government must cease ment in the U.S., we must continually Recognizing "the great contribution to be the terror and scourge of our stress that democracy is not simply a by the people and governments of the people and their neighbors," he de­ question of people voting once every Front line States to South African liber­ clared. few years. The Nicaraguan and Mo­ ation" despite apartheid destabiliza­ The Mozambique support move­ zambican people have demonstrated tion, the organizations pledge assis­ ment in the United States can benefit much more fundamental ways in which tance to "our colleagues in Mozam­ from the experience of the Nicaraguan people can exercise democracy and bique." "Our destinies are inextricably solidarity movement as well. In its have political control over their lives. intertwined. "(O)ur struggles are one." efforts to publicize the freeness and We must continue to oppose U.S. The organizations commit themselves openness of the Nicaraguan elections, government attempts to interfere in to campaign "for the cessation of all the solidarity movement neglected to Mozambican affairs and continually aid to the forces responsible for the emphasize the unfair context in which broaden our movement in support of destruction and genocide in Mozam­ the elections were taking place. De­ southern Africa. We must struggle to bique." spite early discussions about the diffi­ give Mozambique the most breathing Nelson Mandela, speaking late Feb­ culty of the FSLN campaign, the move­ space it can have to continue its social ruary, declared that the "government ment neglected to seriously consider transformation and development, by of South Africa has repeatedly allowed the possibility of the UNO winning and hastening the fall of apartheid, by un­ sections of its forces to violate the sov­ were as surprised as the FSLN by the dercutting U.S. support for RENAMO ereignty of Mozambique." He urged results. The FSLN campaign and pro- and by providing material solidarity. -13-

National Campaigns -continued from page 1 Renamo Watch Ambassador Valeriano Ferrao spoke black African country was supposed to Shiller's work with sanctions and first about South Africa's initial back­ govern and rule and be successful. To reinvestment has been done in con­ ing of Renamo forces during the those whites in South Africa, the junction with MSN, other Chicago-area Rhodesian revolution in 1979. Mozam­ racists, the blacks are still monkeys anti-apartheid groups, church organiza­ bique aided that country's popular living in the trees. tions, and some locally-based banks. movement in its struggle against Ian "Second, Frelimo is a non-racial "Nothing is beyond the reach of an in­ Smith's fascists. South Africa trans­ movement." Ferrao pointed out how formed and conscious people," she ferred Renamo from Southern he, an Asian, represented not simply said. "We are not an exception to that Rhodesia to South Africa and then Asian Mozambicans, but all Mozam­ rule. We who are here in the center of into Mozambique "by all possible bicans. "To South Africans, this was (where) financial decisions (effect) the means," the ambassador said. "They an anathema," he said. The essence of world, can reach with our fingers into came by land, air, and sea . . . there was apartheid is separate development. the World Bank and the IMF (Inter­ war everywhere. They destroyed trans­ "Third, the South Africans knew national Monetary Fund). We have portation, economic projects, terror­ quite well that if they could destroy responsibility to do so. I am told that ized, raped, killed children, kidnapped Mozambique and Angola, east and even a small news article can bring people, destroyed entire villages, and west coasts, they would be able to down a bank." bombed crops." control all the hinterland countries like Ambassador Ferrao, whose six-year "When we were in Mozambique we Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia, and tenure in Washington will be ending had the opportunity to really see what Botswana." Under such conditions, shortly, closed his public address and was the best in human beings and what these countries would become even bid Chicago farewell by saying, "It is a was the worst in human beings," said more dependent on South Africa's collective effort that will bring down Chicago 46th Ward Alderperson Helen ports, trading corporations, and inter­ walls, that will bring down apartheid, Schiller during her introduction of ests with economic ties to the region. injustice, and intolerance in Southern Ferrao. She also described the effects Mozambique has 4.6 million "dis­ Africa and elsewhere." of apartheid on Mozambique in gra­ placed" people wandering its hills and phic detail. "We saw children in refu­ plains or living in refugee camps. Last gee camps maimed from torture or year, one such isolated camp lost 5,000 starving or traumatized from seeing to starvation. Neighboring Malawi has mothers and fathers killed before their had its population swelled over 10 eyes." Renamo's tactics of forced en­ percent from the 1.2 million Mozambi­ listment bear striking similarity to the cans fleeing South Africa's proxy devastating CIA/KGB actions in Viet­ bandits. Meanwhile, Mozambique has nam, Nicaragua, Rhodesia, and else­ never been able to fully organize its where. military, its borders consist of over Mpzambique Shiller added, "There is no question 4,900 miles of primarily unprotected Support that in defense of apartheid, in defense coastline, and it still suffers from the Network of a system that is so vicious in terms after-effects of Portuguese colonial en­ of what it does to human beings, an slavement which ended only 15 years Newsletter entire nation, an entire region, is being ago. torn asunder. Millions of people, many The U.S. Role among the children, have been mur­ "We must force a recognition of the Editors dered. Entire economies have been role the U.S. government and U.S . Dr. Loretta Williams destroyed to insure that independent corporations have been playing in Lisa January people and countries cannot be self­ maintaining apartheid, destabilization, sufficient." and genocide in Mozambique, both Design Why Destabilization directly and indirectly," Shiller said. Serif ftd. Ferrao outlined three reasons why "Based on that understanding, we need he though Mozambique has been to pressure, in the spirit of reparations, under such heavy attack by South forty acres and a mule, for aid and Africa over the last decade. "First, trade and the extension of credit to the Mozambique was a bad example. No government of Mozambique." -14-

Reprinted with permission from African Commentary, March 1990, pp. 62-63.

African Commentary: Who is RENAMO and how did the group come into existence? INTERVIEW Teodato Hunguana: RENAMO was created by the Rhodesian army during colonial rule. The major with objective of RENAMO was to gather intelligence information for the Rhodesian army that could be used against ZANU (Zimbabwe African National Teodato Hunguana Union). ZANU was at the time fighting a war of liberation against Rhodesia and Mozambique was used cause of the danger of a communist onslaught against as ZANU's rear guard. RENAMO, therefore, also had South Africa and that Mozambique is to be the as its objective to prevent Mozambique from being a spearhead of this communist onslaught. But the real rear guard. In order to achieve these objectives, the fact, if you look at the history of this region, the Rhodesians recruited Mozambicans to become mem­ history of this war, is that it's not the threat of com­ bers of Rename. These Mozambicans were marginals munism that the government of South Africa is in the society, criminals and those who had been com­ concerned with, but the threat of a truly independent promised with colonial structures in Mozambique. African state in the region: an African state that And finally, some were recruited who were not satis­ represents victory of armed struggle; the victory of fied w ith the situation in Mozambique. Many of such the African people against an European army; against recruits were in re-education camps where we were whites. The Portuguese were here, they were whites trying to rehabilitate them so they could be re­ and we defeated them. Similarly, Zimbabwean integrated into the society. RENAMO assaulted these liberation forces, with our assistance, defeated the camps, captured these people and trained them as whites in Rhodesia. So to the racist regime of South tools for their intelligence purposes. You can read the Africa, Mozambique is a very dangerous example. history of the creation of RENAMO in a very They fear we can play the same role in South Africa as interesting book by the late Ken Flower who was head we played in Zimbabwe. This is the reason South of the intelligence in Rhodesia and was leading these Africa has waged a war against our country. operations. AC: Who initiated the proposal for peace between AC: Would you describe your country as being your government and the rebels? engaged in a civil war? Hunguana: Of course, the government initiated the Hunguana: Well, to have a civil war you need some proposal for peace. And this is not the first initiative. pre_mises; namely, an internal national force rebelling You can recall the 1984 Nkomati Accord. It was the against the established order, against the government, initiative of our government as was the meeting with against the party, against something inside the President Botha in Songo in September 1988. We have country. This never happened. So we don't have a civil always been interested in peace. From the time of our war in Mozambique. What we have is a war of aggres­ struggle for independence we have never had peace in sion waged by RENAMO. this country so that we could develop Mozambique. AC: Why has South Africa been interested in We reach peace agreements with our neighbor, but destabilizing Mozambique? South Africa continues to violate such agreements. Hunguana: South Africa has a long history of Now we are trying to establish dialogue with the involvement in Mozambique. During our colonial Mozambicans who are fighting as proxies for South struggle Pretoria was involved in trying to help the Africa. Our idea for establishing a dialogue was Portuguese and trying to prevent the armed struggle presented by President Chissano on July 17th, 1989. from reaching central and southern Mozambique. The The 12 principles for peace are outlined in the govern­ South Africans argue that the war is being waged be- ment's position paper. [Since this interview, RENAMO has responded to the paper with its "16 points," which the government of Mozambique has responded to in turn.) If these principles are accepted we'll have a phase II. This phase will be one of dialogue and maybe we can lay down a real plan. AC: Do you think RENAMO is interested in peace? Hunguana: As a group, RENAMO has never been prepared for dialogue. They have never been prepared

Interview conducted by Margaret Carol Lee of Tennessee Technological University at Cookeville. -15-

Songo. De Klerk asked to come here. He reaffirmed Minister of the policy of P.W. Botha. AC: It appears that bringing peace to Mozambique is Information going to be a very complicated process. Hunguana: Yes, and we are trying to get as many parties involved as need be to accelerate the peace Mozambique process. For instance, it was very important that Mr. Cohen, during his recent visit here, expressed the responsibility of the U.S. government to help in this process. And, in fact, I believe the U.S. government for negotiations and in fact have only been prepared can do a lot. We have the African involvement. As you to act as instruments of the South African know, President Daniel arap Moi of Kenya was here government. They are therefore not a political entity. recently to talk to President Chissano about peace and Consequently, I think the majority of people in some months ago a similar meeting occurred with RENAMO must be tired of the war, of killing and President Mugabe of Zimbabwe. And prior to t_his destroying. I don't think they imagine themselves as meeting. Chissano was in Zaire during the meeting in being in the bush forever, so I believe it's possible to Gbadolite. While there he also talked with President come to terms with them. The other issue that must Mobuto Sese Seko of Zaire about peace. We also have be considered is what RENAMO's patrons want. This the support of Portugal as well as the Soviet Union. is the decisive point and here is where I think some So we have not excluded anyone who can be helpful in other factors must be taken into consideration. The expediting the peace process in our country. We are main one is the fact that the United States and the interested in peace because the violence, the war must Soviet Union now favor peaceful solutions to the end. This is the main goal we want to reach in the various regional conflicts in Southern Africa. This is a short term. positive and very important element. A second factor that must be taken into consideration is that the in­ AC: Do you plan for RENAMO to participate in the ternational community, including the United States, building of a democracy in Mozambique? has an understanding of the real problem in Mozam­ Hunguana: Yes. In fact, what we are saying to our bique. This has left RENAMO isolated internationally. brothers in the bush is that they should return to the The United States is supporting Mozambique. In fact, society and begin to exercise their right to express recently read a U.S. policy statement that said, "We their views in constitutional terms. They are free to must defend nationa~ reconciliation in Mozambique do it. So, if they come back into the society they but we must avoid legitimizing the hideous behavior already have a democratic framework where they can of RENAMO." This is a very positive attitude and one exercise political rights. If you look at the current which has had an influence on the attitude of political framework in Mozambique, you will find RENAMO and its patrons. religious as well as non-religious participation. You will find Marxist as well as non-Marxist participation. AC: What about South Africa? F.W. de Klerk was You will find all groups in Mozambique discussing and recently here visiting President Chissano. Do you trying to reach certain goals for the country. So the think the South Africans are really interested in members of RENAMO, as Mozambicans, are supposed peace? to be integrated in this framework. Hunguana: Well, it is very hard to speak about South Africa because when you talk about that country, do you mean the South African government? South African citizens? The military? Intelligence? Well, we have all these realities in South Africa. We have a relationship with the government of South Africa and we have reached some agreements with them. We have the business community that is mainly interested in peace. We believe they are genuinely interested in peace and want to do business with our country. But you still have support going to RENAMO from South Africa. This is a matter of fact! We had an understanding with the government of Mr. P.W. ~~'~'~,~~ Botha. He promised to put an end to supporting RENAMO. We told him we were waiting to see the \~'~'~,~~ facts. The fact is that the support continued after What is the Mozambique Support Network? The Mozambique Support Network The United Nations Children's Emer­ is a not-for-profit organization that pro­ gency Fund estimates that over 325,000 motes and conducts educational cam­ children have died as a result of the paigns, fundraisers, emergency aid apartheid terrorists. drives, and other humanitarian efforts in the name of the People's Republic The MSN Newsletter is a bimonthly of Mozambique. Today Mozambique publication of the National Office of is under seige- South African-backed the Mozambique Support Network. groups dubbed MNR or Renamo, call­ Opinions expressed in this newsletter ed "bandidos armados" by the people are the authors' and not necessarily in the country, have destroyed more representative of the editorial staff. than 1.800 schools, hundreds of health­ . Please address all inquiries and/or care centers and villages, and left 5.9 submi~sions for publication to the at­ million people homeless and destitute. tention of the Editor, MSN Newsletter.

Mozambique Support Network BULK RATE US POSTAGE 343 S. Dearborn • Suite 314 PAID Chicago, IL 60604 / q Chicago, IL 312 I 922-3286 FA x ~ (:2 - f-::i-::i- -to ( 'cY% Permit No. 3296

Learn More About It. Mozambique. Become Involved! Mozambique 343 S. Dearborn• Suite 314 Chicago, IL 60604 Support Network. 312. 922-3286

I am interested in: Name D Information about Mozambique ~------~ Organization (if applicable) ______D Newsletter Subscription: Address (Organizations $25, Individuals $10) ~------~ City State _____ Zip ____ D Fonning a local MSN Telephone (day) (evening) ____ _ D Making a contribution: $ enclosed. Renamo Watch "We Have to Transform Invisible Networks of Support for Renamo into Exposed and Highly Visible Networks." ·Prexy Nesbitt, Author of Auarthejd in Our Livinfrooms Exposing U.S. Support in Order to Help Fight Renamo Atrocities No. 2 Spring/Summer 1990

U.S. Right Tries to Legitimize Renamo Bandits

With direct talks beginning between the Mozambican gov­ ernment and the Renamo bandits, efforts to portray Renamo as a legitimate political entity in Mozambique have been increas­ ing. A number of organizations and publications have ap­ peared which attempt to hide the destruction the South Afri­ can-sponsored Renamo bandits have caused in Mozambique. Describing the conflict as a 'civil war' and portraying Renamo as an indigenous political force, these new organizations seem to be trying to legitimize Renamo in the eyes of U.S . policy makers and the Western media. The most prominent of these institutions are the Mozambique Humanitarian Foundation, the Mozambique Business Assocation, and .the Global Strategy Renamo's vicious attacks on civilian populations have earned Council. it the nickname the Khmer Rouge of Southern Africa. dation should be exposed for what it is-a front for Renamo at­ Mozambique "Humanitarian" Foundation tempting to gain U.S . support for Renamo activities.

The Mozambique Humanitarian Foundation (MHF) was The Mozambique Humanitarian Foundation, Inc. founded in March 1989, supposedly as a non-partisan, non­ PO Box 27147 profit, humanitarian foundation "dedicated to providing human Philadelphia, PA 19118 and social services for needy and underprivileged Mozambi­ (215) 576-8016 cans." What they don't tell you about in their literature is the background of the people who set up the MHF. The three ~~Mozambique Business Association" founders of the MHF-Benjamin Ngwenya, Boaventura Le­ man, and Julius Seffu-are all Renamo members. Julius Seffu In October of 1989, the Mozambique Business Association has in fact recently been appointed as the official Renamo rep­ (MBA) was formed, supposedly with the intention of "increasing resentative in the United States. A slick speaker and public re­ foreign direct investment in Mozambique". Their claim to be lations man, Seffu's appointment indicates an increased effort apolitical, however, is absurd. The head of the MBA and Chair on Renamo's part to improve their image in the U.S . of their Board of Directors is James Blanchard, a Louisiana Busi­ The MHF claims to focus their 'humanitarian' efforts on nessmen who allegedly gives Renamo $3,000 a month worth of Mozambicans "who are not affected by their proximity to the supplies. The MBA is a for-profit corporation which is supposed­ war zones". However, since this humanitarian aid is distribut­ ly attracting "international interest from a wide range of large and ed through MHF's "overseas representatives", this undoubtedly small multinational corporations interested in eventually estab­ means aid to Renamo. The Mozambique Humanitarian Foun- lishing manufacturing, distribution and retail sales divisions with­ in Mozambique". Membership in the MBA, however, is by invi­ Renamo Watch is a project of the San Francisco Bay tation or request only and almost certainly only includes Renamo Area Chapter of the Mozambique Support Network. sympathizers. Our goal is to help expose Renamo atrocities while Blanchard himself was in Kenya in the fall of 1989, consult­ identifying and exposing networks of U.S. support for ing with Renamo during the supposed "peace talks" with the Mo­ Renamo. Private networks of right-wing support are be­ zambique government. He met with Renamo leader Afonso coming an increasingly important base for Renamo and Dhlakama, undoubtedly discussing with him the formation of the need to be confronted to end their atrocities. If you have MBA and other ways of increasing financial support for Renamo. any information about Renamo supporters in the U.S. or know of creative ways these right-wing supporters can Mozambique Business Association be fought, please write to: Bay Area Mozambique Sup­ 3254 Jones Ct .. NW Suite A port Network, c/o ARC, 464 19th Street, Oakland, CA Washington, DC 20007 94608, (415) 763-8011. (202) 625-6542 Fax: (202) 342-2481 Please photocopy and distribute .freely. Global Strategy Council South African Support The United States Global Strategy Council, a conservative think tank based in Washington whose members include promi­ for Renamo Continues nent Reaganites Jean Kirkpatrick, Roger Fontaine, and Donald The recent changes in South Africa have not yet helped to Rumsfeld, recently published a glossy publication about Rena­ alleviate the devastation being caused by Renamo. In fact, Re­ mo. The book, entitled Renamo. Anti-Communist Insurgents in Mozambigue, is aimed at members of Congress and the me­ namo att~cks have increased during the last several months, ap­ parently m an effort to strengthen their own hand and weaken dia and tries to legitimize Renamo in a variety of ways. the Mozambican governments bargaining position in direct ne­ The publication downplays Renamo's terrorist attacks by claiming that they have used military means only to gain legal gotiations. South African support for the Renamo rebels contin­ ues unabated. Recent investigations in South Africa have re­ status and representation. They claim that Renamo's murder­ vealed an extensive network of support for Renamo. According ous reputation is because of a "public relations debacle". They to an article in the March 22 edition of The Weekly Mail : argue that Western reporting on Renamo atrocities, including . •Former ~ortuguese colonists from Mozambique now living the State Department report written by Robert Gersony, has m South Afnca regularly force Mozambican refugees into join­ been biased. They actually dispute the occurrence of Renamo massacres, suggesting that they are an invention of the Mozam­ ing Renamo, provide them with weapons, uniforms, and food, bique government. and ferry them across the border so that they can undertake op­ erations in Mozambique. The book is based on a field visit to Renamo bases within Mozambique by Sibyl Cline. According to various sources, •Renamo rebels often cross into South Africa after attacks in­ Ms. Kline was invited to Mozambique by Renamo leader Afon­ side Mozambique, passing unhindered through the electrified so Dhlakama in May 1989 to visit Renamo headquarters in Go­ fence that guards the border. rongoza. Her companion on this trek was Nick Della Casa, a •South African soldiers often cross into Mozambique for dis­ South African agent of British origin who was a mercenary in cussions with Renamo, and Renamo rebels often come · to the the Rhodesion Army before joining the South African Defense fence with money so that the soldiers can buy them goods in Force in 1981. Della Casa was part of the notorious Batallion South Africa. 32 which fought alongside Unita in Angola, and he was in­ •South African Army helicopters have ferried wounded Re­ volved in SADF activities against the ANC in Botswana. After namo members and members of the South African Defense his trek with Sibyl Kline, Della Casa tried to pose as an es­ Force (SADF) to a South African hospital. caped Renamo prisoner. Before being exposed, he was able to . •Renamo operates mobile bases in South Africa, particularly print several articles favorable to Renamo in the New African m the Ndumu and Kruger Game Parks which border Mozam­ and other magazines in Southern Africa. bique. They have used these bases as a launching point for at­ tacks on electric pylons from the Cahora Bassa hydroelectric U.S. Global Security, Suite 1102 plant. 1800 K St NW, Washington, DC 20006 (202) 466-6029

Other U.S. Based Individuals and Organizations that support Renamo: About My Father's Business, Inc., Lexington, KY Good News Communications Atlanta GA Amer~can Freedom International; Dennis Hoffman, Director Dr. Thomas H. Henrickson, S~nior Feilow, Hoover Institute Am~ncans .For Tax ~eform, Grover Norquist, President High Frontier, lobbying branch of Star Wars Campaign run by ex- Dav1d Balsiger, President RAMBOC (Restore a More Benevolent Or- CIA Deputy Director, Daniel Graham der Coalition) and Publisher, Family Protection Scoreboard. Costa International Freedom Foundation, Bruce Rickerson Mesa CA International Society for Human Rights Bashore International, linked to American Constitution Committee Lew Lehrman and Citizens for America Director: Judy Campbell Bashore ' Don Normand and Ministries, Melrose, FL, raises funds for Sheki- Pat Buchanan, syndicated columnist and White House Advisor for nah Ministries President Reagan National Association of Religious Broadcasters The Believers Church, Coalinga, CA Representatives Dan Burton (R-IN) and Phillip Crane (R-IL) Charles Breece, Jacksonville, FL Representative Jack Kemp (R-NY), retired Coalitions for America RUFFPAC, Howard J. Ruff, Chairman Conservative Action Foundation (CAF) Senators Robert Dole (R-KS), Jesse Helms (R-NC) and The Conservative Caucus, Howard Phillips, National Director Senator Bob Kasten (R-WI) Cuban American National Foundation Harry Shultz, U.S . citizen living in Monaco, finances Renamo activ- End-Time Handmaidens, Jasper, Arkansas ities and press trips, also publishes Schultz Investment Newsletter Free Congress Rese:irch and Educati?n. Found~tion; Connie Marshner Luis Serapiao, Political Science Dept., Howard University, DC. Free the Eagle, Daniel Elynn and Knstma Amaga Reverend Jimmy Swaggart Freedom, Inc. Valley Center, CA U.S. Council for World Freedom Freedom Research Foundation, La.Jolla, CA Washington Times newspaper Friends of Mozambique, Arturo Vilankulu Western Goals Foundation, Alexandria, VA Fund for Africa's Future, Director: Phillips Nicolaides, from White World Anti-Communist League House NSC staff World Missionary Assistance Plan (World MAP), CA If you have any information about these or any other organizations who support Renamo, please contact us. .. We Resoect You: we Admire You: Most of all, we Love You."

June. 1990 Mandela Tour In the United States Press CUDS

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