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Michael Crichton | 384 pages | 05 Jul 2011 | Cornerstone | 9780099544319 | English | London, United Kingdom Congo () - IMDb

From to the country was officially the Republic of Zaire, a change made by then ruler Gen. Mobutu Sese Seko to give the country what he thought was a more authentic African name. Unlike Zaire, however, the name Congo has origins in the colonial period, when Europeans identified the river with the kingdom of the Kongo people, who live near its mouth. Congo subsequently was plunged into a devastating civil war; the conflict officially ended in , although fighting continued in the eastern part of the country. Congo is rich in natural resources. It boasts vast deposits of industrial diamonds, cobalt , and copper; one of the largest forest reserves in Africa; and about half of the hydroelectric potential of the continent. Most of the country is composed of the central Congo basin , a vast rolling plain with an average elevation of about 1, feet metres above sea level. The lowest point of 1, feet metres occurs at Lake Mai-Ndombe formerly Lake Leopold II , and the highest point of 2, feet metres is reached in the hills of Mobayi-Mbongo and Zongo in the north. The basin may once have been an inland sea whose only vestiges are Lakes Tumba and Mai- Ndombe in the west-central region. This part of the country is the highest and most rugged, with striking chains of mountains. The Mitumba Mountains stretch along the Western Rift Valley, rising to an elevation of 9, feet 2, metres. High plateaus border almost every other side of the central basin. In the north the Ubangi-Uele plateaus form the divide between the Nile and Congo river basins. Rising to between 3, and 4, feet and 1, metres , these plateaus also separate the central basin from the vast plains of the Lake Chad system. In the south the plateaus begin at the lower terraces of the Lulua and Lunda river valleys and rise gradually toward the east. In the southeast the ridges of the plateaus of Katanga Shaba province tower over the region; they include Kundelungu at 5, feet 1, metres , Mitumba at 4, feet 1, metres , and Hakansson at 3, feet 1, metres. The Katanga plateaus reach as far north as the Lukuga River and contain the Manika Plateau, the Kibara and the Bia mountains, and the high plains of Marungu. The northern escarpment of the Angola Plateau rises in the southwest, while in the far west a coastal plateau zone includes the hill country of Mayumbe and the Cristal Mountains. A narrow coastal plain lies between the Cristal Mountains and the Atlantic Ocean. The river rises in the high Katanga plateaus and flows north and then south in a great arc, crossing the Equator twice. The lower river flows southwestward to empty into the Atlantic Ocean below Matadi. Along its course, the Congo passes through alluvial lands and swamps and is fed by the waters of many lakes and tributaries. The most important lakes are Mai-Ndombe and Tumba; the major tributaries are the Lomami , Aruwimi, and Ubangi rivers and those of the great Kasai River system. Soils are of two types: those of the equatorial areas and those of the drier savanna grassland regions. Equatorial soils occur in the warm, humid lowlands of the central basin, which receive abundant precipitation throughout the year and are covered mainly with thick forests. This soil is almost fixed in place because of the lack of erosion in the forests. In swampy areas the very thick soil is constantly nourished by humus, the organic material resulting from the decomposition of plant or animal matter. Savanna soils are threatened by erosion, but the river valleys contain rich and fertile alluvial soils. The highlands of the Great Lakes region in eastern Congo are partly covered with rich soil derived from volcanic lava. Most of Congo lies within the inner humid tropical, or equatorial, climatic region extending five degrees north and south of the Equator. Southern Congo and the far north have somewhat drier subequatorial climates. The seasonally mobile intertropical convergence zone ITCZ is a major determinant of the climate. Along this zone the trade winds originating in the Northern and Southern hemispheres meet, forcing unstable tropical air aloft. The air that is forced upward is cooled, and the resulting condensation produces prolonged and heavy precipitation. About two-thirds of the country is covered with coarse-grained soils that contain sand and gravel. Lateritic soils, with a high proportion of iron and aluminum sesquioxides, characterize low-lying areas. Because of the hot and humid climate, organic matter is decomposed by rapid bacterial action before it can accumulate into humus ; moreover, topsoil is washed away by the heavy rains. In the savanna regions, the fertile alluvial soils are threatened with erosion by wind as well as rain. A diverse pattern of coarse- and fine- grained soils covers the plateaus and hills. Article Contents. Print print Print. Table Of Contents. Facebook Twitter. Give Feedback External Websites. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article requires login. External Websites. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Dennis D. Adjunct Professor of Demography, University of Montreal. Coauthor of Hoe and Wage Britannica Quiz. Exploring Africa: Fact or Fiction? La República Democrática del Congo conmemora 60 años de independencia

It boasts vast deposits of industrial diamonds, cobalt , and copper; one of the largest forest reserves in Africa; and about half of the hydroelectric potential of the continent. Most of the country is composed of the central Congo basin , a vast rolling plain with an average elevation of about 1, feet metres above sea level. The lowest point of 1, feet metres occurs at Lake Mai-Ndombe formerly Lake Leopold II , and the highest point of 2, feet metres is reached in the hills of Mobayi-Mbongo and Zongo in the north. The basin may once have been an inland sea whose only vestiges are Lakes Tumba and Mai-Ndombe in the west-central region. This part of the country is the highest and most rugged, with striking chains of mountains. The Mitumba Mountains stretch along the Western Rift Valley, rising to an elevation of 9, feet 2, metres. High plateaus border almost every other side of the central basin. In the north the Ubangi-Uele plateaus form the divide between the Nile and Congo river basins. Rising to between 3, and 4, feet and 1, metres , these plateaus also separate the central basin from the vast plains of the Lake Chad system. In the south the plateaus begin at the lower terraces of the Lulua and Lunda river valleys and rise gradually toward the east. In the southeast the ridges of the plateaus of Katanga Shaba province tower over the region; they include Kundelungu at 5, feet 1, metres , Mitumba at 4, feet 1, metres , and Hakansson at 3, feet 1, metres. The Katanga plateaus reach as far north as the Lukuga River and contain the Manika Plateau, the Kibara and the Bia mountains, and the high plains of Marungu. The northern escarpment of the Angola Plateau rises in the southwest, while in the far west a coastal plateau zone includes the hill country of Mayumbe and the Cristal Mountains. A narrow coastal plain lies between the Cristal Mountains and the Atlantic Ocean. The river rises in the high Katanga plateaus and flows north and then south in a great arc, crossing the Equator twice. The lower river flows southwestward to empty into the Atlantic Ocean below Matadi. Along its course, the Congo passes through alluvial lands and swamps and is fed by the waters of many lakes and tributaries. The most important lakes are Mai-Ndombe and Tumba; the major tributaries are the Lomami , Aruwimi, and Ubangi rivers and those of the great Kasai River system. Soils are of two types: those of the equatorial areas and those of the drier savanna grassland regions. Equatorial soils occur in the warm, humid lowlands of the central basin, which receive abundant precipitation throughout the year and are covered mainly with thick forests. This soil is almost fixed in place because of the lack of erosion in the forests. In swampy areas the very thick soil is constantly nourished by humus, the organic material resulting from the decomposition of plant or animal matter. Savanna soils are threatened by erosion, but the river valleys contain rich and fertile alluvial soils. A number of national and local courts have been undertaking prosecutions of military figures in Eastern DRC accused of war crimes and crimes against humanity. Other countries, such as Germany, have taken on trials of individuals suspected of grave international crimes in the DRC, including rebel leaders from the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda. The DRC has a particularly active civil society network working to end impunity for grave crimes. Some rights reserved. Skip to main content. Civil society in countries fighting for global justice for war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide. Search form Search. Bemba II Joseph Kony et. A peace agreement was finalized between the government and rebel groups in , and similar agreements were subsequently concluded in Ituri in and Kivu in Despite this, armed conflicts continued in eastern DRC in the following years, characterized by serious international crimes including mass murder, the illegal use of child soldiers, sexual and gender-based crimes, and forced displacement. Unable to bring the perpetrators of these crimes to justice in national courts, DRC government made a self-referral to the ICC. National prosecutions. Civil society advocacy. Campaign for global justice Rome statute status:. Crime of agression. Complementarity national prosecutions :. Sentenced to 12 year imprisonment. He was subsequently deported to the DRC. The three take off in the balloon, and Peter throws the diamond back into the jungle below. Amy follows the departing balloon with a smile, then runs off to join her new silverback family. After the success of The First Great Train Robbery , Crichton decided to write a screenplay specifically for Sean Connery , as the character of Charles Munro, an archetypal "great white hunter" akin to H. Rider Haggard 's hero, Allan Quatermain. The site's consensus states: "Mired in campy visual effects and charmless characters, Congo is a suspenseless adventure that betrays little curiosity about the scientific concepts it purports to care about. He called the film a splendid example of a genre no longer much in fashion, the jungle adventure story. Hal Hinson of the Washington Post called the film a " Spielberg knockoff A pinball machine named Congo was produced that was based on the film. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is missing information about the film's production, and home media release. Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page. October Theatrical release poster. Kathleen Kennedy Sam Mercer. Release date. Running time. Laura Linney as Dr. Dylan Walsh as Dr. Peter Elliott, a primatologist of Berkeley, California who wants to return his gorilla, Amy, to her birthplace in the Congo's Virunga region. Grant Heslov as Richard, Peter's research assistant. Joe Don Baker as R. He wants to find the diamond mines to finance and expand his satellite technologies. Tim Curry as Herkermer Homolka, a Romanian man who offers to finance the expedition. He poses as a wealthy philanthropist , but is soon revealed to be in dire financial straits. His real aim is to find the mythical Lost City of Zinj, where he lost another expedition some years before. Joe Pantoliano as Eddie Ventro, an American living in Central Africa who hires Monroe and organizes the group's transportation and materials. Delroy Lindo as Captain Wanta uncredited , a corrupt Ugandan military officer whom the group must bribe in order to gain safe passage. John Hawkes as Bob Driscoll. Kevin Grevioux as Roadblock Officer. Shayna Fox provides the voice of Amy. Frank Welker provided the vocal effects for the gorillas. Gary A. Hecker and Peter Elliott provide the gorilla vocalization. This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. Decenas de fallecidos durante ataques en Etiopía y RD Congo | El Mundo | DW |

Local officials blamed an Islamist militant group for the assault on the prison and a nearby military camp in the northeastern part of the country. The U. Mwazulu Diyabanza will appear in a Paris court this month after he tried to make off with an African treasure he says was looted. France and its attitude to the colonial past will be on trial, too. The top U. Pathogens once confined to nature are making their way into humans on a more regular basis. The man had confessed to killing Rafiki, a rare silverback gorilla who was the leader of the famed Nkuringo gorilla troop, popular with tourists. The W. Our critic looks at street photography that gives you a taste of global life during the lockdown, from Iran, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Hong Kong, South Korea and Ethiopia. It comes as Belgium begins to publicly reckon with the abuses. By Monika Pronczuk and Megan Specia. Because of the hot and humid climate, organic matter is decomposed by rapid bacterial action before it can accumulate into humus ; moreover, topsoil is washed away by the heavy rains. In the savanna regions, the fertile alluvial soils are threatened with erosion by wind as well as rain. A diverse pattern of coarse- and fine-grained soils covers the plateaus and hills. Article Contents. Print print Print. Table Of Contents. Facebook Twitter. Give Feedback External Websites. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article requires login. External Websites. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Dennis D. Adjunct Professor of Demography, University of Montreal. Coauthor of Hoe and Wage Britannica Quiz. Exploring Africa: Fact or Fiction? Get exclusive access to content from our First Edition with your subscription. Subscribe today.

Democratic Republic of the Congo | Culture, History, & People | Britannica

In , figures both inside and outside of the country, such as Filimbi and Emmanuel Weyi , spoke out about the need to curb violence and instability as the elections approached. The global growth in demand for scarce raw materials and the industrial surges in China, India, Russia, Brazil and other developing countries require that developed countries employ new, integrated and responsive strategies for identifying and ensuring, on a continual basis, an adequate supply of strategic and critical materials required for their security needs. There are economic and strategic incentives to bring more security to the Congo, which is rich in natural resources such as cobalt , a strategic and critical metal used in many industrial and military applications. Cobalt is also used in magnetic alloys and in cutting and wear-resistant materials such as cemented carbides. The chemical industry consumes significant quantities of cobalt in a variety of applications including catalysts for petroleum and chemical processing; drying agents for paints and inks; ground coats for porcelain enamels; decolorant for ceramics and glass; and pigments for ceramics, paints, and plastics. It is thought that due to the importance of cobalt for batteries for electric vehicles and stabilization of electric grids with large proportions of intermittent renewables in the electricity mix, the DRC could become an object of increased geopolitical competition. Due to the presence of undisciplined and poorly trained ex-rebels, as well as a lack of funding and having spent years fighting against different militias, the FARDC suffers from rampant corruption and inefficiency. Congolese troops have been fighting the Kivu conflict in the eastern North Kivu region, the Ituri conflict in the Ituri region, and other rebellions since the Second Congo War. The Central Bank of the Congo is responsible for developing and maintaining the Congolese franc , which serves as the primary form of currency in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Despite such vast mineral wealth, the economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo has declined drastically since the mids. The Democratic Republic of the Congo DRC is the world's largest producer of cobalt ore, and a major producer of copper and diamonds. By far the largest mines in the DRC are located in southern Katanga province formerly Shaba , and are highly mechanized, with a capacity of several million tons per year of copper and cobalt ore, and refining capability for metal ore. The DRC is the second-largest diamond-producing nation in the world, [] and artisanal and small-scale miners account for most of its production. At independence in , DRC was the second-most industrialized country in Africa after South Africa; it boasted a thriving mining sector and a relatively productive agriculture sector. These conflicts have dramatically reduced national output and government revenue, increased external debt, and resulted in deaths of more than five million people from war and associated famine and disease. Malnutrition affects approximately two-thirds of the country's population. Foreign businesses have curtailed operations due to uncertainty about the outcome of the conflict, lack of infrastructure, and the difficult operating environment. The war intensified the impact of such basic problems as an uncertain legal framework, corruption, inflation, and lack of openness in government economic policy and financial operations. Conditions improved in late , when a large portion of the invading foreign troops withdrew. A number of International Monetary Fund and World Bank missions met with the government to help it develop a coherent economic plan, and President Joseph Kabila began implementing reforms. Much economic activity still lies outside the GDP data. It ranked lower than Niger , despite a higher margin of improvement than the latter country over 's numbers. The economy of DRC relies heavily on mining. However, the smaller-scale economic activity from artisanal mining occurs in the informal sector and is not reflected in GDP data. The deal was ratified by presidential decree. In , a World Bank report reviewed DR Congo's three biggest mining contracts, finding that the deals, including one with Global Enterprises Company, were approved with "a complete lack of transparency" Mahtani, 3 January Tremalt had a half share in the Mukondo Mine. Boss Mining had rented and operated Bredenkamp's half of Mukondo. Gertler terminated this arrangement. Katanga Mining Limited , a Swiss-owned company, owns the Luilu Metallurgical Plant, which has a capacity of , tonnes of copper and 8, tonnes of cobalt per year, making it the largest cobalt refinery in the world. After a major rehabilitation program, the company resumed copper production operations in December and cobalt production in May The missing funds date from and tax bodies should have paid them into the central bank. In February , global asset management firm AllianceBernstein [] defined the DRC as economically "the Saudi Arabia of the electric vehicle age," due to its cobalt resources, as essential to the lithium-ion batteries that drive electric vehicles. Ground transport in the Democratic Republic of Congo has always been difficult. The terrain and climate of the Congo Basin present serious barriers to road and rail construction, and the distances are enormous across this vast country. The DRC has more navigable rivers and moves more passengers and goods by boat and ferry than any other country in Africa, but air transport remains the only effective means of moving goods and people between many places within the country, especially in rural areas. Chronic economic mismanagement, political corruption and internal conflicts have led to long-term under-investment of infrastructure. Like much of the infrastructure in the Congo, the railways are poorly maintained, dirty, crowded and dangerous. The Democratic Republic of Congo has thousands of kilometres of navigable waterways. Traditionally water transport has been the dominant means of moving around in approximately two-thirds of the country. Congo Airways was based at Kinshasa's international airport. All air carriers certified by the DRC have been banned from European Union airports by the European Commission, due to inadequate safety standards. Several international airlines service Kinshasa's international airport and a few also offer international flights to Lubumbashi International Airport. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, there are both coal and crude oil resources that were mainly used domestically in Because of abundant sunlight, the potential for solar development is very high in the DRC. Also, the Caritas network system has a total power of 6. In , the literacy rate for the population between the ages of 15 and 49 was estimated to be Primary education in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is not free or compulsory, [ citation needed ] even though the Congolese constitution says it should be Article 43 of the Congolese Constitution. As a result of the six-year civil war in the late s—early s, over 5. Actual school attendance has also improved greatly in recent years, with primary school net attendance estimated to be DRC has the world's second-highest rate of infant mortality after Chad. In April , through aid from Global Alliance for Vaccines , a new vaccine to prevent pneumococcal disease was introduced around Kinshasa. In , it was estimated that about 1. Maternal health is poor in DRC. According to estimates, DRC has the 17th highest maternal mortality rate in the world. United Nations emergency food relief agency warned that amid the escalating conflict and worsening situation following COVID in the Democratic Republic of Congo, millions of lives were at risk as they could die of hunger. According to the data of the World Food Programme , four in ten people in Congo lack food security and about Over ethnic groups populate the Democratic Republic of the Congo, of which the majority are Bantu peoples. The Kongo people are the largest ethnic group in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In , the United Nations estimated the country's population to be 84 million people, [] [] a rapid increase from The most numerous people are the Kongo, Luba, and Mongo. About , Pygmies are the aboriginal people of the DR Congo. Given the situation in the country and the condition of state structures, it is extremely difficult to obtain reliable migration data. However, evidence suggests that DRC continues to be a destination country for immigrants, in spite of recent declines in their numbers. Additionally, the country's large mine operations attract migrant workers from Africa and beyond. There is also considerable migration for commercial activities from other African countries and the rest of the world, but these movements are not well studied. Immigration to the DRC has decreased steadily over the past two decades, most likely as a result of the armed violence that the country has experienced. According to the International Organization for Migration , the number of immigrants in the DRC has fallen from just over one million in , to , in , to , in , to an estimated , in Official figures are unavailable, partly due to the predominance of the informal economy in the DRC. Data are also lacking on irregular immigrants, however given neighbouring countries' ethnic links to DRC nationals, irregular migration is assumed to be a significant phenomenon. Figures for Congolese nationals abroad vary greatly depending on the source, from three to six million. This discrepancy is due to a lack of official, reliable data. Emigrants from the DRC are above all long-term emigrants, the majority of whom live in Africa and to a lesser extent in Europe; New destination countries include South Africa and various points en route to Europe. The DRC has produced a considerable number of refugees and asylum- seekers located in the region and beyond. Since , more than , Congolese migrants have been expelled from Angola. Christianity is the majority religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The most recent survey, conducted by the Demographic and Health Surveys Program in indicated that Christians constituted An indigenous religion, Kimbanguism , has the adherence of only 2. Schatzberg has called it the country's "only truly national institution apart from the state. The church owns and manages an extensive network of hospitals, schools, and clinics, as well as many diocesan economic enterprises, including farms, ranches, stores, and artisans' shops. Sixty-two Protestant denominations are federated under the umbrella of the Church of Christ in Congo. Kimbanguism was seen as a threat to the colonial regime and was banned by the Belgians. Kimbanguism, officially "the church of Christ on Earth by the prophet Simon Kimbangu", now has about three million members, [] primarily among the Bakongo of Bas-Congo and Kinshasa. Islam has been present in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since the 18th century, when Arab traders from East Africa pushed into the interior for ivory - and slave-trading purposes. The majority are Sunni Muslims. Four years later the first local administrative council was elected. In the National Spiritual Assembly national administrative council was first elected. Though the religion was banned in the s and s, due to misrepresentations of foreign governments, the ban was lifted by the end of the s. Traditional religions embody such concepts as monotheism , animism , vitalism , spirit and ancestor worship , witchcraft , and sorcery and vary widely among ethnic groups. The syncretic sects often merge elements of Christianity with traditional beliefs and rituals and are not recognized by mainstream churches as part of Christianity. New variants of ancient beliefs have become widespread, led by US-inspired Pentecostal churches which have been in the forefront of witchcraft accusations, particularly against children and the elderly. The usual term for these children is enfants sorciers child witches or enfants dits sorciers children accused of witchcraft. Non-denominational church organizations have been formed to capitalize on this belief by charging exorbitant fees for exorcisms. Though recently outlawed, children have been subjected in these exorcisms to often-violent abuse at the hands of self-proclaimed prophets and priests. French is the official language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is culturally accepted as the lingua franca facilitating communication among the many different ethnic groups of the Congo. Approximately languages are spoken in the country, but only four have the status of national languages: Kituba "Kikongo ya leta" , Lingala , Tshiluba , and Swahili. Although some people speak these regional, or trade languages as first languages, most of the population speak them as a second language after their own tribal language. Lingala was the official language of the colonial army, the " Force Publique ", under Belgian colonial rule, and remains to this day the predominant language in the armed forces. Since the recent rebellions, a good part of the army in the East also uses Swahili where it is prevalent. When the country was a Belgian colony, the Belgian colonizers instituted teaching and use of the four national languages in primary schools, making it one of the few African nations to have had literacy in local languages during the European colonial period. This trend was reversed after independence, when French became the sole language of education at all levels. The lexical similarity and phonology with French makes Portuguese a relatively easy language for the people to learn. Since the late 19th century, traditional ways of life have undergone changes brought about by colonialism , the struggle for independence, the stagnation of the Mobutu era, and most recently, the First and Second Congo Wars. Despite these pressures, the customs and cultures of the Congo have retained much of their individuality. Another feature in Congo culture is its music. And those two later give birth to soukous. The same Congolese soukous, under the guidance of "le sapeur", Papa Wemba , have set the tone for a generation of young men always dressed up in expensive designer clothes. Many sports are played in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including football , basketball, and rugby. The sports are played in numerous stadiums throughout the country, including the Stade Frederic Kibassa Maliba. Internationally, the country is especially famous for its professional basketball NBA and football players. Dikembe Mutombo is one of the best African basketball players to ever play the game. Mutombo is well known for humanitarian projects in his home country. Bismack Biyombo , Christian Eyenga , Emmanuel Mudiay and Serge Ibaka are others who gained significant international attention in basketball. Several Congolese players and players of Congolese descent—including strikers Romelu Lukaku , Yannick Bolasie , and Dieumerci Mbokani —have gained prominence in world football. CD , [] a web-based daily. Congolese authors use literature as a way to develop a sense of national consciousness amongst the Congo people. The tragic history of colonialism and war lead the Congolese people to settle in a place of complacency, accepting the culture that was forced upon them by Belgium. Modern Congolese literature began to emerge in the late s. There are a few rare pieces of literature dated back to before WWI , but it was not until about that literature written in French made its appearance in the Congo. After gaining their independence from Belgium in the s, new authors, such as Guy Menga and Jean Pierre Makouta-Mboukou, were inspired by older authors, such as Jean Malonga from Congo- Brazzaville, and used writing to bring attention to new issues affecting the Congo. The rise of female authors began in the s introducing diversity to Congolese literature and support for gender empowerment. Many authors who have contributed to the success of Congolese literature are now living abroad due to economic and political issues. Frederick Kambemba Yamusangie writes literature for the between generations of those who grew up in the Congo, during the time when they were colonised, fighting for independence and after. Yamusangie in an interview [] said he felt the distance in literature and wanted to remedy that he wrote the novel, Full Circle, which is a story of a boy named Emanuel who in the beginning of the book feels a difference in culture among the different groups in the Congo and elsewhere. Rais Neza Boneza , an author from the Katanga province of the Democratic Republic of Congo, wrote novels and poems to promote artistic expressions as a way to address and deal with conflicts. These authors, along with others, used their platforms to bring awareness to the crises and conflicts that took place in the Congo. A dense tropical rainforest in the DRC's central river basin and eastern highlands is bordered on the east by the Albertine Rift the western branch of Africa's Great Rift System. It includes several of Africa's Great Lakes. Displaced refugees cause or are otherwise responsible for significant deforestation, soil erosion and wildlife poaching. Another significant issue is environmental damage from the mining of minerals, especially diamonds, gold, and coltan — a mineral used to manufacture capacitors. The DRC has the world's second largest contiguous rain forest after the Amazon as well as other ecosystems including Savanna, swamps and flood plains. According to the World Wildlife Fund , these unique habitats and species make the DRC one of the most valuable yet vulnerable areas in the world for biodiversity, wildlife protection and rainforest sustainability. Species loss has been cited as a problem in the DRC, brought about or exacerbated by reasons that include deforestation for mining, wood fuel, infrastructure or agriculture, war, illegal poaching and increased consumption of bush meat due to overpopulation and lack of food security. All of these parks have been put on the World Heritage in Danger List. The move would open Between and the DRC lost an average of , hectares 0. To mitigate this aid agencies have tried to promote agro-forestry with fast growing trees to avoid over exploitation of the rainforests. However, conversely conflict reduced deforestation for large scale mining due to security instability. One policy being attempted to reduce the deforestation and increase biodiversity in the DRC is the UN-REDD program, which uses emissions trading system so that developed nations can offset their carbon emissions by paying developing nations with rainforest to manage and conserve their forest. Bush meat refers to any meat that is procured from the wild. Overpopulation and continual conflicts in the DRC have led to food shortages, which have therefore increased the use of bush meat. For some who cannot afford farmed produce it is a free meal. Recently the prevalence of hunting for bush meat has declined because of the risk to hunters and butchers from the Ebola virus from specifically ape and bat meat. There has been a war in the DRC in different levels of intensity since when the country was called Zaire. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Country in Central Africa. Not to be confused with the neighbouring Republic of the Congo ; for similarly named entities, see Republic of the Congo disambiguation. For other uses, see DRC disambiguation. Coat of arms. Lingala Kikongo Swahili Tshiluba. Further information: Congo River and Kongo people. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. December Learn how and when to remove this template message. Main article: History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Main article: Early Congolese history. Main article: Belgian Congo. Main article: Zaire. Main article: Kivu Conflict. See also: Ituri conflict. Main article: Yumbi violence. June Learn how and when to remove this template message. Further information: Administrative divisions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Main article: Wildlife of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Main article: Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Main article: Corruption in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Main article: Human rights in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. See also: Foreign relations of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Main article: Mining industry of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Main article: Transport in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Main article: Rail transport in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Main article: Energy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Main article: Renewable energy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Main article: Education in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Main article: Crime in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Main article: Demographics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. 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