Asante Artifacts at the American Museum of Natural History
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City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects CUNY Graduate Center 6-2021 Challenges of Repatriation: Asante Artifacts at the American Museum of Natural History Abdul-Alim Farook The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/4424 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Challenges of Repatriation: Asante artifact in American Museum of Natural History by ABDUL-ALIM FAROOK A master’s capstone Project submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Liberal Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, The City University of New York 2021 ii © 2021 ABDUL-ALIM FAROOK All Rights Reserved iii Challenges of Repatriation: Asante artifact in American Museum of Natural History by Abdul-Alim Farook This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Liberal Studies in satisfaction of the capstone project requirement for the degree of Master of Arts. Date Matthew Reilly Capstone Project Advisor Date Elizabeth Macaulay-Lewis Executive Officer THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iv ABSTRACT Challenges of Repatriation: Ashanti artifact in American Museum of Natural History by Abdul-Alim Farook Advisor: Matthew Reilly Inspired by calls for the repatriation of famous artifacts like the Benin Bronzes and the Elgin Marbles, for this capstone project, I have analyzed and catalogued 250 sampled Asante artifacts at the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH). Through this analysis, I discuss the many ways museums in North America acquired their collections. By doing so, I explore the difficulties that arise in debates surrounding repatriation due to the manner in which these artifacts were acquired. I argue that due to the many different types of donors of the Asante artifacts to the American Museum of Natural History, the Asante objects at the museum represent a challenging case for repatriation if the Asante kingdom was to ask for their return. This paper is accompanied by a website created through the CUNY Academic Commons, which is accessible here: https://ashantiobjects.commons.gc.cuny.edu/. The website offers a digital representation of repatriation issue, images of the cataloged Ashanti objects at the American Museum of Natural History, and historical background on the Anglo-Ashanti war. v TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES: WEBSITE ...................................................................................................... vi DIGITAL MANIFEST ................................................................................................................. xi Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 Museum Collections ............................................................................................................... 4 The American Museum of Natural History .............................................................................. 6 The Anglo-Ashanti War .......................................................................................................... 9 Asante Collection .................................................................................................................. 11 Purchased and Gifted Ashanti Artifacts ................................................................................. 14 Bequest and Exchange Artifact ............................................................................................. 18 Repatriation Claim ............................................................................................................... 19 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................... 25 vi LIST OF FIGURES: WEBSITE Fig. 1. Tribal Ghana, Togo, and Benin. /trip/ghana/tribal-ghana-togo-benin. Accessed 6 May 2021. Fig. 2. Y30448Q-09001.Jpg (1910×1196). https://specialcollections-blog.lib.cam.ac.uk/wp- content/uploads/2012/11/Y30448Q-09001.jpg. Accessed 6 May 2021. Fig. 3. “Anglo-Ashanti Wars.” Wikipedia, 19 Apr. 2021. Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anglo-Ashanti_wars&oldid=1018760306. Fig. 4. Asante Warriors Displaying their weapons. https://specialcollections- blog.lib.cam.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Y30448Q-24001.jpg. Accessed 22 Apr. 2021. Fig. 5. The Golden Stool 1935. The National Archives UK. CO 1069-44-6. 4 Feb. 2011. Flickr, https://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalarchives/5416369942/. Fig. 6. Farook, Abdul-Alim. Photograph of American Museum of Natural History. 17 Mar. 2021. Author’s personal collection. Fig. 7. Farook, Abdul-Alim. A diagram of the complex way art is moved. 20 Apr. 2021. Author’s personal collection. Fig. 8. Farook, Abdul-Alim. Photograph of Entrance to the Hall of African Peoples. 17 Mar. 2021. Author’s personal collection. Fig. 9. AMNH Research Library | Digital Special Collections | American Museum of Natural History as Seen from 8th AVenue (Central Park West), 1895. https://images.library.amnh.org/digital/items/show/25286. Accessed 22 Apr. 2021. Fig. 10. Farook, Abdul-Alim. Photograph of Artifacts in the Hall of African Peoples. 17 Mar. 2021. Author’s personal collection. Fig. 11. Farook, Abdul-Alim. Photograph of Artifacts in the Hall of African Peoples. 17 Mar. 2021. Author’s personal collection. Fig. 12. Farook, Abdul-Alim. Photograph of Artifacts in the Hall of African Peoples. 17 Mar. 2021. Author’s personal collection. Fig. 13. Farook, Abdul-Alim. Photograph of a Diorama in the Hall of African Peoples. 17 Mar. 2021. Author’s personal collection. Fig. 14. Farook, Abdul-Alim. Photograph of Artifacts in the Hall of African Peoples. 17 Mar. 2021. Author’s personal collection. Fig. 15. Farook, Abdul-Alim. Photograph of Artifacts in the Hall of African Peoples. 17 Mar. 2021. Author’s personal collection. Fig. 16. Farook, Abdul-Alim. Photograph of Artifacts in the Hall of African Peoples. 17 Mar. 2021. Author’s personal collection. Fig. 17. Farook, Abdul-Alim. Photograph of Artifacts in the Hall of African Peoples. 17 Mar. 2021. Author’s personal collection. Fig. 18. AMNH Research Library | Digital Special Collections | Group Standing in Front of American Museum of Natural History, Opening of Asante Kingdom of Gold Exhibit, Central Park Entrance, 1984. https://images.library.amnh.org/digital/items/show/92189. Accessed 22 Apr. 2021. vii Fig. 19. AMNH Research Library | Digital Special Collections | State Council of Asantehene and Major Chiefs Exhibit, Asante: Kingdom of Gold American Museum of Natural History. https://images.library.amnh.org/digital/items/show/3713. Accessed 22 Apr. 2021. Fig. 20. AMNH Research Library | Digital Special Collections | Ashanti Courtiers and People at Opening of Asante, Kingdom of Gold Exhibit, American Museum of Natural History, 1984. https://images.library.amnh.org/digital/items/show/24233. Accessed 22 Apr. 2021. Fig. 21. Farook, Abdul-Alim. Video of the Hall of African Peoples. 17 Mar. 2021. Author’s personal collection. Fig. 22. Farook, Abdul-Alim. Video of the Hall of African Peoples. 17 Mar. 2021. Author’s personal collection. Fig. 23. Farook, Abdul-Alim. Photograph of Asante gold weights in the Hall of African Peoples. 17 Mar. 2021. Author’s personal collection. Fig. 24. Farook, Abdul-Alim. Photograph of Asante gold weights in the Hall of African Peoples. 17 Mar. 2021. Author’s personal collection. Fig. 25. Farook, Abdul-Alim. Photograph of Asante gold weights in the Hall of African Peoples. 17 Mar. 2021. Author’s personal collection. Fig. 26. Farook, Abdul-Alim. Photograph of Asante gold weights in the Hall of African Peoples. 17 Mar. 2021. Author’s personal collection. Fig. 27. Farook, Abdul-Alim. Photograph of Asante gold weights in the Hall of African Peoples. 17 Mar. 2021. Author’s personal collection. Fig. 28. Farook, Abdul-Alim. Photograph of Asante gold weights in the Hall of African Peoples. 17 Mar. 2021. Author’s personal collection. Fig. 29. Farook, Abdul-Alim. Photograph of Asante gold weights in the Hall of African Peoples. 17 Mar. 2021. Author’s personal collection. Fig. 30. Farook, Abdul-Alim. Photograph of Asante gold weights in the Hall of African Peoples. 17 Mar. 2021. Author’s personal collection. Fig. 31. Farook, Abdul-Alim. Photograph of Asante gold weights in the Hall of African Peoples. 17 Mar. 2021. Author’s personal collection. Fig. 32. Farook, Abdul-Alim. Photograph of Asante gold weights in the Hall of African Peoples. 17 Mar. 2021. Author’s personal collection. Fig. 33. Farook, Abdul-Alim. Photograph of Asante gold weights in the Hall of African Peoples. 17 Mar. 2021. Author’s personal collection. Fig. 34. Farook, Abdul-Alim. Photograph of Kuduo Vessel in the Hall of African Peoples. 17 Mar. 2021. Author’s personal collection. Fig. 35. Farook, Abdul-Alim. Photograph of Asante gold weights in the Hall of African Peoples. 17 Mar. 2021. Author’s personal collection. Fig. 36. Farook, Abdul-Alim. Photograph of Asante gold weights in the Hall of African Peoples. 17 Mar. 2021. Author’s personal collection. Fig. 37. Farook, Abdul-Alim. Photograph of Asante gold weights and scale in the Hall of African Peoples. 17 Mar. 2021. Author’s personal collection. Fig. 38. Farook, Abdul-Alim. Photograph of Asante gold weights in the Hall of African