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Support for Workers Displaced in the Decline of the Japanese Coal Industry: Formal and Informal Support Naoko Shimazaki Waseda University
Support for Workers Displaced in the Decline of the Japanese Coal Industry: Formal and Informal Support Naoko Shimazaki Waseda University Japan’s coal industry met its demise following a number of stages of restruc- turing under policies to change the structure of the energy industry. More than 200,000 coal mine workers were displaced from 1955 onward. The task of providing measures for displaced workers was recognized as an issue to be addressed at national level and such initiatives were considered to have con- siderable significance for the interests of society as a whole. This led to the development of substantial support systems of the kind not seen in other in- dustries, and comprehensive measures were adopted to cover not only reemployment, but also relocation, housing, and vocational training. However, fundamental issues faced by the unemployed were left unresolved. Formal support therefore in fact relied on the strength of individual companies and re- gional communities, and developed distinct characteristics. The insufficiencies of the formal support systems were compensated for by informal support based on personal relationships which were characteristic of the unique culture of coal mining. In particular, there was a strong sense of solidarity among fel- low mine workers. The support for displaced workers included not only finan- cial assistance, but also individual support, such as individual counselling and employment assistance provided by former coal mine employees acting as counselors. The labor unions played a central role in developing these measures. Such support was very strongly in tune with the workers’ culture generated within coal mining communities. I. Coal Policy and Measures for Displaced Workers in Japan The coal industry is a typical example of industrial restructuring in Japan. -
External Dose Data
External Dose Data External Exposure due to Natural Radiation [National Institute of Radiological Sciences) surveymeter were used for measurement of given A field survey of exposure rates due to natural stations and their readings are compared for drawing a radiation has been conducted throughout the Hokkai relationship between them. do district of Japan during June 1971. Practically the direct reading of the thsurveymeter The situation of the Hokkaido district in Japan is were reduced into the reading of the plastic chamber shown in Figure 1. Distribution of observed locations corresponding to it from the relationship of linear in the district is indicated in Figure 2. In each location, proportion. Systematic error at culiblation (60Co) and from one to five sites containing at least 5 stations uading error (random) of the pfastic chamber were were made there. A total of 81 sites were measured. respectively within ±6 % (maximum over all error) and Observations were made using a spherical ioniza within ±3.5 % (standard error for 6jLtR/hr). Reading error tion chamber and several scientillation surveymeters. error of the survey-meter is about ±3%. (standard error The spherical plastic ionization chamber of which inner for 6juR/hr) diameter and wall thickness are respectively 200 mm Measurements in open bare field were made at one and 3 mm (acrylate) has adequate sensitivity for field meter above the ground and outdoor gamma-rays survey. The chamber was used as a standard of exposure rates (juR/hr) were due to cosmic rays as well apparatus, but it is difficult to observe all locations as terrestrial radiation, so that it may be considered only by the apparatus, so that a surveymeter with a that the contribution of fallout due to artificial origin Nal (Tl) Y'<p x 1" scintillator was used for regular was very slight. -
Hokkaido Map Scenic Spots in the Kamikawa Area
Cape Soya Wakkanai Rebun Island Wakkanai Airport Scenic spots in the Kafuka Oshidomari Kamikawa area Mt. Rishiri Hokkaido Map ▲ Rishiri Nakagawa/Aerial photo of Teshio River Saku Otoineppu/The place that Hokkaido was named Rishiri Island Toyotomi Onsen (Mizukiri Contest (Stone-skipping Contest)) in July Airport Toyotomi Nakagawa Otoineppu Etorofu Island 40 Bifuka/Farm inn tonttu Horokanai/Santozan Mountain Range Shibetsu/Suffolk Land Kenbuchi/Nano in July Wassamu/A street lined with white birch in winter Bifuka Yagishiri Chiebun Sunflower fields● ●Nayoro Onsen Teuri Okhotsk Island Island Haboro Nayoro Mombetsu Lake Shumarinai Shimokawa Monbetsu ●Icebreaker Airport "Garinko-go" ●Takinoue Park Shiretoko Peninsula Kamiyubetsu World Sheep Museum● Shibetsu Tulip Park ● Takinoue Lake Saroma Nayoro/Sunflower fields Shimokawa/Forest in winter Asahikawa/Kamuikotan Library of picture books● Mt. Rausu Kenbuchi ▲ Engaru Lake Notoro Wassamu Horokanai Mt. Teshio Abashiri Utoro Onsen Rausu ▲ Maruseppu Lake Abashiri Rumoi Takasu Pippu ●Maruseppu Abashiri-Kohan Onsen Kunashiri Island Onsen Shiretoko-Shari Mashike Aibetsu Memanbetsu ●Tohma Limestone cave Airport Kitami Snow Crystal Museum● Tohma Kamikawa ● Shikotan Island Asahiyama Zoo 39 ▲ Asahikawa Asahikawa Mt. Shari ▲ 237 Airport Sounkyo Onsen Mt. Shokanbetsu 39 Onneyu Onsen Higashikagura Kawayu Onsen ▲ Asahidake Onsen Lake Kussharo Higashikawa Mt. Asahidake Tenninkyo Onsen Habomai Islands Takikawa Ashibetsu Biei Takasu/Palette Hills in May Pippu/The top of Pippu Ski Area in Jan. Aibetsu/Kinokonosato park golf course in May Shirogane Onsen ▲ Lake Mashu Shintotsukawa Kamifurano Mt. Tomuraushi Lake Akan Mashu Nakashibetsu Airport 12 Akan Mashu Cape Shakotan Nakafurano ▲ Akanko Onsen Mt. Tokachi Nukabira Onsen ▲ Onsen Mt. Oakan Bibai Furano Nemuro Cape Kamui Nemuro Peninsula Ishikari Bay 44 Otaru Iwamizawa 38 Ashoro Minamifurano Yoichi Sapporo ▲ Hoshino Resorts Shiranuka Yubari Mt. -
Hokkaido Cycle Tourism
HOKKAIDO CYCLE TOURISM Hokkaido Cycle Tourism Promotion Association The Hokkaido Cycle Tourism Promotion Association is a joint venture between the Sapporo Chamber of Commerce Hokkaido Cycle Tourism Promotion Association and the private sector to attract cyclists to Hokkaido. INDEX 03 7 Introduction to the 18 Courses 05 Road Ride Wear Recommendations Based on Temperatures and Time of Year -Things you should know before cycling in Hokkaido- 07 Central Hokkaido Model Course [Shin-Chitose to Sapporo] 11 Eastern Hokkaido Model Course [Memanbetsu to Memanbetsu] 15 Kamikawa Tokachi Model Course [Asahikawa to Obihiro] 19 Southern Hokkaido Model Course [Hakodate] 23 Sapporo Area 27 Asahikawa Area 31 Tokachi Area 35 Kushiro / Mashu Area 39 Abashiri / Ozora / Koshimizu / Kitami Area One of the most beautiful and 43 Niseko Area beloved places in the world 45 Hakodate Area With its wonderfully diverse climate, excellently paved roads, abundance of delicious cuisine and numerous natural hot springs, 47 Listing of Hokkaido Cycle Events and Races Hokkaido is a vast, breathtaking land that inspires and attracts cyclists from all over the world. 01 02 Hokkaido 7 Areas Tokachi Area Kushiro / Mashu Area An Introduction to the 18 Courses Tokachi area is prosperous See Lake Mashu which has the Ride the land loved by cyclists from around the world! 7 agriculture and dairy for its clearest water in Japan, and vast and rich soil plains. You Lake Kussharo, which is the Abashiri / Ozora / Koshimizu / Kitami Area can feel the extensive farm largest caldera lake in Japan. Courses that offer maximum variety view of Hokkaido. Also enjoy Kawayu Hot Spring, and hills of great scenic beauty. -
Railway Lines in Tokyo and Its Suburbs
Minami-Sakurai Hasuta Shin-Shiraoka Fujino-Ushijima Shimizu-Koen Railway Lines in Tokyo and its Suburbs Higashi-Omiya Shiraoka Kuki Kasukabe Kawama Nanakodai Yagisaki Obukuro Koshigaya Atago Noda-Shi Umesato Unga Edogawadai Hatsuisi Toyoshiki Fukiage Kita-Konosu JR Takasaki Line Okegawa Ageo Ichinowari Nanasato Iwatsuki Higashi-Iwatsuki Toyoharu Takesato Sengendai Kita-Koshigaya Minami-Koshigaya Owada Tobu-Noda Line Kita-Kogane Kashiwa Abiko Kumagaya Gyoda Konosu Kitamoto Kitaageo Tobu Nota Line Toro Omiya-Koen Tennodai Miyahara Higashi-Urawa Higashi-Kawaguchi JR Musashino Line Misato Minami-Nagareyama Urawa Shin-Koshigaya Minami- Kita- Saitama- JR Tohoku HonsenKita-Omiya Warabi Nishi-Kawaguchi Kawaguchi Kashiwa Kashiwa Hon-Kawagoe Matsudo Shin- Gamo Takenozuka Yoshikawa Shin-Misato Shintoshin Nishi-Arai Umejima Mabashi Minoridai Gotanno Yono Kita-Urawa Minami-Urawa Kita-Akabane Akabane Shinden Yatsuka Shin- Musashiranzan Higashi-Jujo Kita-Matsudo Shinrin-koenHigashi-MatsuyamaTakasaka Omiya Kashiwa Toride Yono Minami- Honmachi Yono- Matsubara-Danchi Shin-Itabashi Minami-FuruyaJR Kawagoe Line Musashishi-Urawa Kita-Toda Toda Toda-Koen Ukima-Funato Kosuge JR Saikyo Line Shimo Matsudo Kita-Sakado Kita- Shimura- Akabane-Iwabuchi Soka Masuo Ogawamachi Naka-Urawa Takashimadaira Shiden Matsudo- Yono Nishi-Takashimadaira Hasune Sanchome Itabashi-Honcho Oji Kita-senju Kami- Myogaku Sashiogi Nisshin Nishi-Urawa Daishimae Tobu Isesaki Line Kita-Ayase Kanamachi Hongo Shimura- Jujo Oji-Kamiya Oku Sakasai Yabashira Kawagoe Shingashi Fujimino Tsuruse -
'Camellia T'. Synonym for 'Donckelaeri'. (Masayoshi). TC Cole
T. T. Fendig. 1951, American Camellia Yearbook, p.77 as ‘Camellia T’. Synonym for ‘Donckelaeri’. (Masayoshi). T.C. Cole. Trewidden Estate Nursery, 1995, Retail Camellia List, p.8. Abbreviation for Thomas Cornelius Cole. T.C. Patin. (C.japonica) SCCS., 1976, Camellia Nomenclature, p.147: Light red. Very large, full, semi- double with irregular, large petals and a spray of large stamens. Originated in USA by T.C. Patin, Hammond, Louisiana. Sport: T.C. Patin Variegated. T.C. Patin Variegated. (C.japonica), SCCS., 1976, Camellia Nomenclature, p.147 as ‘T.C. Patin Var.’: A virus variegated form of T.C. Patin - Light red blotched white. Originated in USA by T.C. Patin, Hammond, Louisiana. T.D. Wipper. Nagoya Camellia Society Bulletin, 1992, No.25. Synonym for Dave’s Weeper. T.G. Donkelari. Lindo Nurseries Price List, 1949, p.7. Synonym for ‘Donckelaeri’. (Masayoshi). T.K. Blush. (C.japonica) Wilmot, 1943, Camellia Variety Classification Report, 1943, p.14: A light pink sport of T.K. Variegated. Originated in USA. Synonym: ‘T.K. Pink’. T.K. Number 4. Florida Nursery and Landscaping Co. Catalogue, 1948 as ‘T.K. No.4’. Synonym for T.K. Variegated. T.K. Pink. Morris, 1954, RHS., The Rhododendron and Camellia Yearbook, p.113. Synonym for T.K. Blush. T.K. Red. Semmes Nursery Catalogue, 1942-1943, p.21. Synonym for T.K. Variegated Red. T.K. Variegata. Kiyono Nursery Catalogue, 1942-1943. Synonym for T.K. Variegated. T.K. Variegated. (C.japonica) Kiyono Overlook Nursery Catalogue, 1934, p.14: Semi-double. Light pink edged dark pink. Gerbing’s Azalea Gardens Catalogue, 1938-1939: Semi-double, white flowers striped pink, rose and lavender, some flowers solid colour, purple and pink. -
Map of Areas with Risk of Flooding Due to Overflow of the Shibuya
Map of Areas With Risk of Flooding Due to Overflow of the Shibuya, Furukawa Rivers of the Furukawa River System and Meguro River of Meguro River System and Nomikawa River of Nomikawa River System (building collapse due to bank erosion) 1. About this map 2. Basic information Location map (1) This map shows the areas where there may be flooding powerful enough to (1) Map created by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government collapse buildings for sections subject to flood warnings of the Shibuya, (2) Risk areas designated on June 27, 2019 Furukawa Rivers of the Furukawa River System and Meguro River of Meguro River System and those subject to water-level notification of the (3) River subject to flood warnings covered by this map Nomikawa River of Nomikawa River System. Shibuya, Furukawa Rivers of the Furukawa River System (The flood warning section is shown in the table below.) (2) This river flood risk map shows estimated width of bank erosion along the Meguro River of Meguro River System Shibuya, Furukawa rivers of the Furukawa River System and Meguro River of (The flood warning section is shown in the table below.) Meguro River System and Nomikawa River of Nomikawa River System resulting from the maximum assumed rainfall. The simulation is based on the (4) Rivers subject to water-level notification covered by this map Sumida River situation of the river channels and flood control facilities as of the Nomikawa River of Nomikawa River System time of the map's publication. (The water-level notification section is shown in the table below.) (3) This river flood risk map (building collapse due to bank erosion) roughly indicates the areas where buildings could collapse or be washed away when (5) Assumed rainfall the banks of the Shibuya, Furukawa Rivers of the Furukawa River System and Up to 153mm per hour and 690mm in 24 hours in the Shibuya, Meguro River of Meguro River System and Nomikawa River of Nomikawa River Furukawa, Meguro, Nomikawa Rivers basin Shibuya River,Furukawa River System are eroded. -
Annual Report 2018
ANNUAL REPORT 2018 For the year ended March 31, 2018 OUTLINE Our Origin We Will Continue to Embrace the Cha llenge… ©KOTSU SHIMBUNSHA 1987 Restructuring of Japanese National Railways Expanding the Business Field The division and privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR) aimed to rehabilitate Since its establishment, the JR East Group has upgraded the services it provides customers and revitalize railways. This reorganization and rehabilitated and revitalized railways by leveraging railway infrastructure, technology, and only produced benefits because employees expertise. The Group has expanded and improved the Shinkansen network and other railway adopted a new attitude that was based on a networks. Further, while increasing railway traffic volume through service quality enhancement, commitment to being autonomous, customer the Group has significantly broadened its business field by developing the life-style service focused, and regionally rooted. business, the IT & Suica business, and overseas businesses. East Japan Railway Company We Will Continue billion to Embrace the Cha llenge… ¥2,950.2 Realizing Sustainable Growth as a Group * Fiscal 1988 figures are nonconsolidated. Further, other billion operations include bus services. billion Transportation (“Railway” in fiscal 1988) Other Operations (in fiscal 1988) Retail & Services Real Estate & Hotels Others ¥1,565.7 ¥481.3 billion ¥307.3 Operating Revenues 1988* 2018 Operating Income 1988* 2018 Annual Report 2018 1 OUTLINE Our Direction Evolving Railways and Pursuing New Possibilities Transportation Retail & The Transportation segment includes Services passenger transportation operations, which are centered on railway opera- The Retail & Services segment consists tions, as well as travel agency services, of the part of JR East’s life-style service cleaning services, station operations, business that includes retail sales and facilities maintenance operations, restaurant operations, wholesale railcar manufacturing operations, and business, a truck transportation busi- railcar maintenance operations. -
INDEX of Records of the U. S. Strategic Bombing Survey; Entry 55, Carrier-Based Navy and Marine Corps Aircraft Action Reports, 1944-1945
INDEX of Records of the U. S. Strategic Bombing Survey; Entry 55, Carrier-Based Navy and Marine Corps Aircraft Action Reports, 1944-1945 (1) Task Group 12.4 Action Report of Task Group 12.4 against Wake Island, 13 June 1945 through 20 June 1945 ※Commander Task Group 12.4 (Commander Carrier Division 11). (2) Task Group 38.1 Report of Operations of Task Group 38.1 against the Japanese Empire 1 July 1945 to 15 August 1945 ※Commander Task Group 38.1 (Commander Carrier Division 3 - Rear Admiral T. L. Sprague, USN, USS Bennington, Flagship). (3) Task Group 38.4 Action Report, Commander Task Group 38.4, 2 July to 15 August 1945, Strikes against Japanese Home Islands ※Commander Task Group 38.4 (Commander Carrier Division 6, Rear Admiral A. W. Radford, US Navy, USS Yorktown, Flagship). (4) Task Group 52.1.1 Report of Capture of Okinawa Gunto, Phases I and II, 24 May 1945 to 24 June 1945 ※Commander Task Unit 52.1.1(24 May to 28 May), Commander Task Unit 32.1.1. Action Report, Capture of Okinawa Gunto, Phases 1 and 2 - 21 March 1945 to 24 May 1945 ※Commander Task Unit 52.1.1 (Support Carrier Unit 1) from 9 March 1945 to 10 May 1945 and CTG Task Unit 52.1.1 from 17 May to 24 May 1945 (Commander Carrier Division 26). (5) Task Group 52.1.2 Action Report - Capture of Okinawa Gunto, Phases 1 and 2, 21 March to 29 April 1945 ※Commander Task Unit 52.1.2 (21 March - 29 April, incl) and Commander Task Unit 51.1.2 (21-25 March, inclusive) (Commander Car-rier Division 24). -
H O K K a I D O S O R a C
HOKKAIDO SORACHI Hokkaido Sorachi Regional Creation Conference Contact Sorachi General Subprefectual Bureau ℡:＋81-126200185 Email:[email protected] November,2018 What is Sorachi ? 1 Located in the inlands of Hokkaido An area that holds 24 cities and towns. Located in the center of Hokkaido, with good access to New Chitose Airport, Asahikawa Airport, and Sapporo. JR Minimum time 1 hr. and 5 min. New Chitose Airport – Iwamizawa Car Hokkaido Expressway ・New Chitose IC-Iwamizawa IC ・ General roads / approx. 65 min. JR Minimum time 24 min. Iwamizawa – Takikawa Car Hokkaido Expressway ・Iwamizawa IC - Takikawa IC ・ General roads / approx. 40 min. JR Minimum time 13 min. ●Transportation Takikawa – Fukagawa Car Hokkaido Expressway ・Takikawa IC - Fukagawa IC ・ General roads / approx. 25 min. information JR Minimum time 19 min. Fukagawa – Asahikawa ・ Car Hokkaido Expressway ・Fukagawa IC – Asahikawa Takasu IC ・ General roads / approx. 40 min. JR http://www2.jrhokkaid JR Minimum time 24 min. o.co.jp/global/index.ht Sapporo – Iwamizawa Car Hokkaido Expressway ・Sapporo IC – Iwamizawa IC ・ General roads / approx. 45 min. ml JR Minimum time 54 min. Furano – Takikawa ・Hokkaido Chuo Bus Car General roads / approx. 1hr. and 10 min. http://teikan.chuo- JR Minimum time 1 hr. and 25 min. bus.co.jp/en/ Furano – Iwamizawa Car General roads / approx. 1hr. and 25 min. 自 然 Flower gardens blooming from spring to autumn. 2 N a t u r e ●Rape Blossom Fields ●Yuni Garden(Yuni) British style garden where you can watch (Takikawa) various flowers from spring to autumn. Especially the Linaria in late June, and Canola flowers with one of the cosmos blooming from September the leading acreage area in are magnificent. -
By Municipality) (As of March 31, 2020)
The fiber optic broadband service coverage rate in Japan as of March 2020 (by municipality) (As of March 31, 2020) Municipal Coverage rate of fiber optic Prefecture Municipality broadband service code for households (%) 11011 Hokkaido Chuo Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11029 Hokkaido Kita Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11037 Hokkaido Higashi Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11045 Hokkaido Shiraishi Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11053 Hokkaido Toyohira Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11061 Hokkaido Minami Ward, Sapporo City 99.94 11070 Hokkaido Nishi Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11088 Hokkaido Atsubetsu Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11096 Hokkaido Teine Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11100 Hokkaido Kiyota Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 12025 Hokkaido Hakodate City 99.62 12033 Hokkaido Otaru City 100.00 12041 Hokkaido Asahikawa City 99.96 12050 Hokkaido Muroran City 100.00 12068 Hokkaido Kushiro City 99.31 12076 Hokkaido Obihiro City 99.47 12084 Hokkaido Kitami City 98.84 12092 Hokkaido Yubari City 90.24 12106 Hokkaido Iwamizawa City 93.24 12114 Hokkaido Abashiri City 97.29 12122 Hokkaido Rumoi City 97.57 12131 Hokkaido Tomakomai City 100.00 12149 Hokkaido Wakkanai City 99.99 12157 Hokkaido Bibai City 97.86 12165 Hokkaido Ashibetsu City 91.41 12173 Hokkaido Ebetsu City 100.00 12181 Hokkaido Akabira City 97.97 12190 Hokkaido Monbetsu City 94.60 12203 Hokkaido Shibetsu City 90.22 12211 Hokkaido Nayoro City 95.76 12220 Hokkaido Mikasa City 97.08 12238 Hokkaido Nemuro City 100.00 12246 Hokkaido Chitose City 99.32 12254 Hokkaido Takikawa City 100.00 12262 Hokkaido Sunagawa City 99.13 -
A Generalized Goals-Achievement Model in Data Envelopment Analysis
TI 2008-110/3 Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper A Generalized Goals-achievement Model in Data Envelopment Analysis Soushi Suzukia Peter Nijkampb a Hokkai-Gakuen University, Sapporo, Japan; b VU University Amsterdam, and Tinbergen Institute. Tinbergen Institute The Tinbergen Institute is the institute for economic research of the Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Universiteit van Amsterdam, and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Tinbergen Institute Amsterdam Roetersstraat 31 1018 WB Amsterdam The Netherlands Tel.: +31(0)20 551 3500 Fax: +31(0)20 551 3555 Tinbergen Institute Rotterdam Burg. Oudlaan 50 3062 PA Rotterdam The Netherlands Tel.: +31(0)10 408 8900 Fax: +31(0)10 408 9031 Most TI discussion papers can be downloaded at http://www.tinbergen.nl. A generalized goals-achievement model in data envelopment analysis: An application to efficiency improvement in local government finance in Japan Soushi Suzuki a Peter Nijkamp b aHokkai-Gakuen University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South26-West 11,1-1,chuo-ku, 064-0926 Sapporo, Japan bVU University Amsterdam, Department of Spatial Economics, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands Abstract Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has become an established tool in comparative analyses of efficiency strategies in both the public and the private sector. The aim of this paper is to present and apply a newly developed, adjusted DEA model – emerging from a blend of a Distance Friction Minimization (DFM) and a Goals Achievement (GA) approach on the basis of the Charnes-Cooper-Rhodes (CCR) method – in order to generate a more satisfactory efficiency-improving projection model in conventional DEA. Our DFM model is based on a generalized Euclidean distance minimization and serves to assist a Decision Making Unit (DMU) in improving its performance by the most appropriate movement towards the efficiency frontier surface.