Income of Families and Persons in the United States: 1947
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CURRENT P~~PULATIONRE1301<'l'S CONSUMER INCOME tebruary 7. 1919 Wmshineton 25, D. C. Seriee P-60, No. 5 - -. - - - - - . I .. - . -. INCOME OF FAMILIES AM) PERSONS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1947 1 Families in the United State8 had an aver- This report covers money income only. In- ege (median) income of $3,000 in 1947, according asmuch as nonmoney income is en im,?ortrrnt part to estimates iesued today by J. C. Capt, Direc- Of farm receipts, this factoi sfiou-d be token tor, Bureau of tho Census, Department of Com- into consideration in comporinc eno incoat: of nerce. Thie represents an increase of about 20 farm and nonfarm reeldents. In ec?pnr:nq wor.ey percent over the figure of $2,500 for 1944. In income data for 1947 with thoor ':or previous contrast to the increase which was recorded for years, it should be remeaberod th81t prices as raarilice, lndividuale not in familiee had about well as money income have rloen. Thertal'ore, the theeame medianincome ($l,WO)in1947and in increase inmoney incomedoas not necessarily 1964. represent an improvement in economic stot!~s. Although 7 million familieo (about one out The first section of this report deh:s with of every five) had incomes of $5,000 or more in the incomes of families end or ?nClvir,c~.;> r.r,: I 19l.7, thore were Still many familie8 (4 million) in families. The unit of anaiysis fiere 2s -"-U-.'r with incomes under $1,000. Ten million families family (or the individual not a mernbar af any bad incomas of lesa than $2,000. family), and the combined incomes or 3;: aexaerz There were wide differenoea in the income of each family are treated as a single tiao.~nt. gains of farm and nonfarm families between 1941, In the second sectlon, the unit or a:,slysis is I and 1947. Durin~this period the median income the pereon 14 yearn 016 and over, and zecr. 3a2- l or urban families increased by about 15 percent son is tabulated according to the srnobnt af nis and that of rural-nonfarm families increased by own income, regardless of the amount a? 2ls about 18 percent. In contraat, the increase in family's income. the median income of rural-farm families, (al-. though more difficult to measure accurately) was INCOME OF FAMILIES AM) OF INDIVIDUAIS about 54 percent during thie period. NOT IN FAMILIES' The 1947 income data presented in this re- port were obtained from the Census Bureaut s Size of place.--As noted in previous income Current Population Survey of April, 1918, which surveys, there was a tendency tor the median covered the civilian noninstitutlonal population income to increese with size of plncc. 'i'hv .?rs- or the Unitod State8 and, momborn of the armnd dian total morrey income of urban irirn~l1e.a trnd forces livlng off pont. Blnce the astimatea are individuals wnn $2,R0Og for those llvl np tn boeed on a Domple, thoy oro Bubject to sompling varlablllty. Hodlone and other figures based on T)ro dofinlllon of flimlly utiu4L in dtli.i tit.: . , ~i.,., - r?lativo'y Of cnPOf, " portu ond In Serlu:t LL::O, NO. If), 1s CLITT~II.I11, I : i ,, ,r I sanll Clffsrencoe betweep af~une.4. should be uow Lfi the lcw C, ,, \,ae> I-,*,,~,L~Ls. ., :t~:r.'., . , At. .,. "--.... *-- --..- . '-,,"TY' -..- I.-. ....... ar in st1 field qwnw.v~ et. ~h~fm;r.fie risures ili daud to rereg fi ,I ,oefii,,.VdvrnL: a~oiiou., kaL.. ,+ ...,, ,. ------era ~ubiect" - - - to- - arrora- - - - - - af- - -raaaanne - ------- an&--- nnnrmnrt,-------- - not& of WhOAI 10 rllbted ~5 him. 31~1~ecl ~c. , .. .C ,. I of teras snQ crxplanationb." in. Theee reporting bia8ea probably produos "Ue:~~lf~ny-_VII__ 3 I -'+-A in the text am roiui~.> ,,, .,-.. iinderesti-tes or tho aedlnn inao*~. I or' dollars.- urban plaoes having lees than 50,000 inhabit- inoome of $1,000, leaa than the median per ants, and $3,300 for those living in cities of capita income of two-person families. 1,000,000 or more (table 1). Rural-farm fami- fi, Type of family.--The median income of hus- lies and individuals had a median inoome of $1,800 as oompared with 6 median of $2,600 for band-and-wife families (male head, married, wife those rural residents who did not live on farms. present) ma $3,100. Thia was not sip,nlticantly The five largest oities (those having different from the median income of $2,900 re- 1,000,000 inhabitants or more) in01uded 12 per- oeived by other familiee havine a male head cent of all families, but 20 peroent of the (table 4). In spite of the fact that many or families having lnoomes of $5,000 or more. On the latter Rroup of fomiliee wcre heode4 by the other hand, families living in rural areas widowers, who had in moat cases posoed the pC~k oomprised 40 peroent of a11 families, but only of their earning ability, their incomea were 29 peraent of the families having inoomes of relatively high. The probable axplan6 tior, for \ $5,000 or more. the relatively high incomee of tnese remilies 5 lies in the faot that about half of them had Color.--The median inoome of nonwhite fami- more than one earner. The median income of r lies was $1,6001 only half the f igure of $3,200 families having a female head ($2,200) was con- for white families (table 2).. In the case of 'eiderably lower than that of families having a individuals not in families, the median for non- male head. Male individuals not in families had whites was $700 and that for whites was (1,000. a median income of $1,300, and female individuals kbout 21 percent of the white families and qot in families had a median of SOO. 6 percent of the nonwhite families had incomes 1 of $5,000 or more, whereas 9 percent or the Age or head.--The median income rose iron white families and 29 peroent of the nonwhite $2,300 for families in which the head was under families had inoomes under $1,000. About 49 25 yeare or ago to $3,400 for families in which peroent of the white individuals not in femiliea the head ma between l.5 and 54 yeurs of age. and 62 peroent of the nonwhite individuals had The median then declined to $1,800 for families tnoomes of less than $1,000. in which the head was 65 years of ago and over (table 5). Thia relationship between family in- Size of family.--Family inoome increased come and tde age of the head of the family is with size of family from a median of $2,500 for probably accounted for by several factors. The iamilies of two persons to about $3,500 for heads of families are also the principal earners : families of fits or six persons and, as in past k most families. Therefore, the income of the ' surveys, showed a tendenoy to dsoline beyond family tends to vary with that of the head and that point (table 3). Although the median size to reaoh its highest level as the head reaches of family for the United States was about 3.2 the peak of his earning power. In addition, the persons, families having inoomes of less than size of the family and the number of earners per $1,500 contained fewer than three persons, on family also tend to reach their peaks as the the average, whereas those with incomes of head of the family approaches middle aee, and *,000 or more averaged four persons. these factors are also oorrelated with family Although the lnoomee crl large families tended income. to be higher than those dsaall families (partly beoauee they had, on the avbrage, a greater num- Number of children.--The median income of b& of earners), the average income per person families having one, two, or three children was lower in large families than in small fami- under 18 yeareofage was about $3,100 (table 6). lies. The median per oaplta inoome decreased This was hieher than the median incomee of fami- from $1,200 per person in two-person iamilies to lies having no children or having four or more ' $500 or less per person in familiea of seven or ohildren ($2,900 and $2,700, reepectively) . The more persons. Median per oapita inoome of fami- lower incomes of families having fpur or more , lies is only an approxiaate measure of economic children is due in part to the fect that a well-being because it does not take into account larger proportion of them are farm families. the lower living costs per family member in Whereas only about 16 percent or the families large families as aolpsred with amall having fewer than four children lived on farms, fndiridualrr not in Farflles (who might be about 33 percent of the'families having four or regardeb as *one-perron faailter*) had a m8dian mbre children 'lived ' on farms. However, even when term and nonfarm families ere examine& separately, it will be noted that shere is s tandonot tor the inoares to be lower for the familiar with many ohildren. Peteran status.--There was no significant workers ma $3,800, and that for femiliea with differenas between the median inooee of families three or more paid workers ma $5,300. The rel- in whioh there was no veteran of World War I1 atively small number of families with no paid nd that of families in whiah the head was a workers had a median income of $1,000.