Satellites Going Local 2019

SATELLITES GOING LOCAL CULTURE EDITION 2019-2020

Eurisy would like to thank the contributors to this publication for their readiness to share their experiences, and the time and effort they have put into helping Eurisy to produce this collection of good practices. foreword

DEAR READER, Eurisy continues to highlight the Satellite applications are already used contributions of satellite applications operationally by public administrations, to address societal needs. This new private companies and NGOs active issue of Satellites Going Local aims to in the cultural and creative fields. raise awareness on some of the possible Nevertheless, many professionals uses of satellite applications to better operating in these sectors are not manage historical cities, help monitor always aware of the features and and safeguard cultural heritage for potential of satellite applications, nor the future generations, and enable of the available datasets. The stories creative minds to generate new ways collected in this booklet are meant to to experience culture. stimulate awareness and exchange of knowledge among those who are Culture is what shapes our identities and already using satellite applications and enables us to interact with the world. those who are interested in them. They According to research published by the also aim to inspire public and private European Commission, the cultural and actors to come up with increasingly creative sectors in Europe generate innovative and useful services in the approximately €509 billion in value cultural and creative sectors. added to to the European Union's Gross Domestic Product, representing 5.3% of We hope this publication will let you the EU's total. The sector also employs see culture and creativity from a new more than 12 million full-time jobs, perspective, through the lens of satellite equivalent to 7.5% of Europe's workforce. technologies! Moreover, the cultural and creative sectors have proven more resilient to DOMINIQUE TILMANS economic downturns, simultaneously President of Eurisy generating positive impacts for other sectors. 28 SCOTLAND Historic Environment Scotland: Using satellite data to protect heritage 16 AMSTERDAM from climate change Earth Observation data for bridge monitoring

12 BOLOGNA Satellite Navigation to smoothen public 36 bus traffic flows MATERA WAKEFIELD 30 MARSEILLE Visiting the city’s Yorkshire N+N Corsino: ancient rupestrian Sculpture Expanding the churches with 3D Park: Satellite choreographic technologies and 5G Navigation brings space connectivity sculptures to life 22

SATELLITES GOING LOCAL 32 FLORENCE Firenze Game: CULTURE Gamification to help managing EDITION tourist flows 2019-2020

6 SPACEFORCULTURE MANAGING 12 HISTORICAL CITIES

SAFEGUARDING, 22 PROMOTING AND VALUING CULTURAL HERITAGE

CREATING 32 INNOVATIVE, ARTISTIC AND CULTURAL EXPERIENCES

18 ATHENS LastQuake: An App to engage citizens in 24 PALMYRA earthquake early warning Monitoring sensitive cultural heritage sites from space 14 ALEPPO Hans Hack: When Satellite Imagery becomes a powerful communication 14 26 GREECE tool SAMARRA Satellite imagery Using satellite helps enforce images to assess property rights damage to in Greece heritage sites

SPACEFORCULTURE 7 Introduction

8 SPACEFORCULTURE Culture is the foundation of our Satellite Navigation can support diffe- Introduction identity. Our modern society stems rent public services, such as transport, from thousands of years of cultural waste management and civil protection exchanges among the inhabitants operations. It can also help city mana- of the Planet. Our cities, monuments, gers to improve the management of cultural sites, languages and traditions tourist flows, and it is already integrated stand as a testament of such complex in numerous mobile apps promoting interrelations. tourism and civic engagement. Also, Satellite Communications can help his- Satellites can provide valuable torical cities in remote areas to access information to help safeguard such a fast internet connection. assets and traditions. Following the 2003 UNESCO/ESA agreement to More recently, satellite data and use space technologies to preserve signals have also found applications World Heritage properties, many in creative industries. An unforeseen national space agencies have joined spill over effect for those building our the initiative. The European Union has first satellites. The possibilities of using also seized the opportunity to put mobile apps to safeguard and inform Sentinel Earth Observation data to work on tangible and intangible heritage towards safeguarding cultural heritage are endless. They include apps for worldwide. interactive visits to historical places and geo-located games. Moreover, Indeed, Satellite Imagery can help artists and entrepreneurs are joining scientists detect archaeological sites, in to experiment using satellite-based retrace our ancestors’ footsteps and data and signals to express their art. monitor risks threatening heritage sites, such as climate change, deforestation, This non-exhaustive collection of agriculture, pollution and uncontrolled examples gives an overview of the urban sprawl. In areas affected by satellite solutions available and of conflict or natural disasters, Satellite the actors in the cultural and creative Imagery can even be the only available sectors. We hope these examples will tool to monitor cultural heritage. be inspirational, and will pave the way for a more general discussion on ways Historical cities are also threatened to facilitate access to satellite data and by climate change and demographic services for the professionals working concentration. To face these challenges, in these fields, overcoming technical, regional and local authorities need ad legal and policy bottlenecks. hoc skills, data and integrated policies. Satellite Imagery allows cities to have a holistic view of soil, land and land use, offering precious data to spot, map and monitor archaeological deposits and to better support urban planning and maintenance of the public space.

SPACEFORCULTURE 9 endorsements

MICHEL PRAET Head of the EU Relations Office of the European Space Agency's Brussels Office, Belgium “This publication takes note of new convergences between disciplines, space and culture, that too often are artificially split and gives an opportunity to all of us to fully understand them. ANGELA COLONNA Space data could and should be a UNESCO Chair Holder on tool to have a larger view of what Mediterranean Cultural culture could bring to us. Indeed, in Landscapes and Communities Europe we need more cultural data of Knowledge, University of for a better space policy; and more Basilicata, Italy space data for a better culture “UNESCO Chairs work to strengthen policy .” the role of culture in implementing the 2030 UN Agenda for sustainable development. I greet this publication as a useful means to raise awareness on the potential of digital technologies, and of satellite applications in particular, to preserve cultures, shape new forms of cultural identity and change the interactions between local and global.”

10 SPACEFORCULTURE ORIANA GRASSO DG for Internal Market, Indus- try, Entrepreneurship and SMEs of the European Commission, Belgium “The EU Earth Observation programme, Copernicus, has changed the way we look at the Earth and is providing precious information and tools to both safeguard and capitalise on culture.

ARIANNA TRAVIGLIA I welcome this publication as a tool to make civil society aware of the Coordinator of the IIT Centre for potential uses of space technologies, Cultural Heritage Technology including the Galileo programme, and (CCHT@Ca'Foscari), Italy to encourage new ideas to use space “Satellite applications are providing to innovate in the cultural field.” more and more a key support in archaeological research, flanking more traditional methods to preserve and protect our cultural heritage. I strongly appreciate the work and efforts of Eurisy on this topic. It is crucial to actively promote the use of Earth Observation technologies in the archaeological and cultural sectors and encourage the definition of a new agenda of collaboration between these domains. The hope is that such efforts will bring a strong cooperation and interoperability ensuring that our cultural heritage is secured for the future generations.”

SPACEFORCULTURE 11 12 SPACEFORCULTURE MANAGING HISTORICAL CITIES © City of Amsterdam On an area of 219.4 km2, the Amsterdam city is the most populated in the Netherlands, counting roughly 860 000 residents. AMSTERDAM The city has approximately 1 600 Earth Observation bridges and 900 data for bridge km of quay walls, shores, banks, talus, monitoring inclines and slopes, 600 km of which are The Municipality of Amsterdam uses managed or owned InSar data to monitor historical bridges and buildings along the by the Municipality. quays and plan maintenance works.

CONTRIBUTOR: ANNEMARIJ KOOISTRA, DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING, CITY OF AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS

14 SPACEFORCULTURE Heavy traffic and frequent renovation So far, InSAR data allowed the works can threaten the stability and Department to assess deformations of structural integrity of bridges, quay walls, 100 bridges and nearby buildings along and buildings. the quay walls. The Department of Engineering of the The City will use such information to City of Amsterdam is responsible for prioritise maintenance works and urban planning and infrastructure main- prevent damages to the assets’ integrity, tenance, including assessing the structu- hence possibly saving a considerable ral integrity of bridges and quay walls. amount of time and resources on field measurements. To ensure the integrity of these assets and plan maintenance works accordingly, the The Netherlands Environmental Department needs frequent and up-to- Assessment Agency estimates that the date data on deformation of structures costs for repairing the damage and the and soil. This information is essential to frequent maintenance of the infrastruc- assess traffic impact on bridges and ture in urban areas can amount to

prioritise maintenance works where they €5.2 billion by 2050. Earth Observation CITIES HISTORICAL MANAGING are needed. can thus play a crucial role in the future to reduce the spending of public admi- To assess the structural safety of bridges nistrations on infrastructure monitoring and the integrity of the buildings, the and maintenance. Department of Engineering of the City of Amsterdam decided to work with Currently, the Department of Engineering SkyGeo and use satellite-based data to of the City of Amsterdam is exploring measure and map deformation of the ways to extend the use inSAR satellite infrastructure and the buildings. data to also study the past and current behaviour of buildings that are close First, InSAR (Interferometric synthetic to planned construction sites. Indeed, aperture radar) data were acquired to satellite data allows the Department map movements in the city area. InSAR to foresee the sensitivity of buildings data provide accurate information on to soil movements and damages that deformations of structures and roads with could be caused by heavy works around a millimetre precision. This information the buildings. can be used, among other things, to predict the impact of groundwater level reduction on buildings. Data collected through satellite observation were further validated through field measurements. The data validation process was also supported by the students of the Delft University of Technology and the University of Salerno.

CONTACT: WWW.AMSTERDAM.NL

SPACEFORCULTURE 15 In Greece, buildings © FOTOFF without a valid construction permit represent a major threat to the beauty of the landscapes and the safety of the residents. GREECE For the past decade, periodic Satellite imagery amnesties allowed homeowners to helps enforce declare unlicensed property rights structures and pay a fine. Penalties Satellite images prove to be an however did not put important tool to fight the spread an end to the of illegal structures in the Greek phenomenon. landscape.

CONTRIBUTOR: VANA GIAVI, MANAGING DIRECTOR, TOTALVIEW, ATHENS, GREECE

16 SPACEFORCULTURE In Greece, illegal buildings affect both to 2000 – a sufficiently long timeline to natural and historical heritage. To protect adequately track if a construction permit the country’s green and cultural richness, has been respected. the Greek Government looked for a cost- Satellite Imagery allowed the Ministry to efficient and time-saving tool to support identify illegal buildings and assess their the Ministry of Environment in identifying compliance with construction permits. illegal structures. Based on this information, the Ministry of In 2011, the Greek Government moved Environment is today able to impose the forward in its efforts to crack down on right penalties and fines for any illegal illegal constructions with a new law. The structures. law contained guidelines and rules to Moreover, satellite images also count tackle illegal buildings in the country. It as legal proof of the legitimacy or aimed to motivate property owners to illegitimacy of these buildings. Thus, voluntarily declare structures without the images support cadastral offices permits and obliged them to legalise and territorial planners to preserve in case they wanted to sell or make any

the integrity of the urban and natural CITIES HISTORICAL MANAGING official changes to their property. landscapes. The Greek Ministry of Environment, Today, the system based on Satellite responsible for applying building Imagery is routinely used by the Ministry. regulations and permits, turned to Land owners in Greece were made aware the Greek geo-information company that building structures are monitored TotalView for a solution. Together they and this resulted in a decrease in the built a tool that would allow the Ministry number of new illegal buildings being to ensure compliance with the new erected after 2011 across the country. procedures listed in the aforementioned law. Citizens’ awareness and engagement with satellite information increased as TotalView worked with European Space well. Should a private citizen want to Imaging to help local authorities in declare the existence of illegal structures, Mykonos, Santorini, Paros, Antiparos, Satellite Imagery needs to be included Athens, Rhodes, and Crete respond to to verify the accuracy of the declarations the new legal requirements. During the made. pilot phase, started in 2012, the service allowed the authorities to identify and demolish 132 buildings illegally built and/ or altered before or after 2011. WorldView-2 and DigitalGlobe's image archives include images dating back

CONTACT: WWW.TOTALVIEW.GR

SPACEFORCULTURE 17 © Mnoandriani

The Italian city of Bologna, capital of the Emilia Romagna region, counts a population of about BOLOGNA 375 000 people. The city registers Satellite Navigation about two million movements every to smoothen public day: 45% of them are bus traffic flows internal; 28% and 27% are respectively In the city of Bologna, buses are now the percentages equipped with a Satellite Navigation of exchange and system to guarantee a more efficient crossing movements management of traffic flows. in town.

CONTRIBUTOR: CARLO MICHELACCI, DEPARTMENT OF MOBILITY , MUNICIPALITY OF BOLOGNA, ITALY

18 SPACEFORCULTURE Traffic congestion can affect movements Bologna’s centralised traffic light system around and across town, while impacting adapts to traffic flows in real time, relying negatively on everyday ordinary on the information provided by the AVL activities. system and by a network of sensors placed under the street pavement, which Bologna represents an example of a monitor the number of cars on the street. congested city. Considering that the city is too small to have an underground sys- Two minutes before approaching the tem, finding an alternative solution to traffic lights (detected through GNSS), provide an efficient above-ground public buses send a message to the sensors transportation service was necessary to nearby, allowing the central control unit facilitate urban mobility. to adapt the traffic light phases in real time so as to give priority green light The Sustainable Mobility Sector, part of to buses. the Land Management Department of the Municipality of Bologna, is responsible The priority request is generated for carrying out planning policies and considering the buses' predictive travel

infrastructure interventions to favour and arrival time schedule at bus stops. CITIES HISTORICAL MANAGING sustainable mobility. The priority requests are forwarded to the U.T.O.P.I.A. centre, while the In 2005, the Department of Mobility updated requests are forwarded to the equipped city buses with a satellite- intersection controller who will provide based positioning system that gives them the priority. green light priority. The green bus priority system ensures The Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) the punctuality of buses' arrival times system relies on GNSS transmitters on while smoothing city traffic and reducing public buses that regularly communicate commuters’ travel time. their position to a central unit. The messages received by the central unit Since 2012, the travel data collected from are automatically retransmitted to public buses through Satellite Navigation communicate the expected arrival times are open and freely available online. The at the bus stops. next challenge for the municipality is to also introduce the green light priority More recently, the Municipality developed system on the taxi routes in the city the local observer system Urban Traffic centre. Optimisation by Integrated Automation (U.T.O.P.I.A.).

CONTACT: WWW.COMUNE.BOLOGNA.IT

SPACEFORCULTURE 19 © Moofushi

The Mediterranean region hosts a number of historical cities that can ATHENS be particularly vulnerable to LastQuake: an App earthquakes. to engage citizens Greece is one of the most seismically in earthquake early active countries in warning the area. In 1999, a 5.9 magnitude quake A mobile application can speed up not far from Athens earthquake monitoring through killed 143 people. crowdsourced information.

CONTRIBUTOR: RÉMY BOSSU, SECRETARY GENERAL, EURO-MED SEISMOLOGICAL CENTRE, BRUYÈRES-LE-CHÂTEL, FRANCE

20 SPACEFORCULTURE The Euro-Mediterranean Seismological By combining mobile and internet Centre (EMSC) is a non-governmental technologies, the EMSC is able to provide organisation tasked with collecting the public with real-time information data from seismological observatories on seismic events and post-earthquake in 81 institutes across 57 countries. EMSC safety tips. The app also allows users to collates data to locate earthquakes send messages via SMS to their family in almost real time, in order to alert and friends to confirm they are safe and concerned populations and the public to share information on social media. authorities responsible for activating Within a few minutes, the information rescue forces in the briefest time. supplied through the app allows the EMSC To detect earthquakes that can be felt by to automatically map the earthquake’s humans, the EMSC relies on the use of the impact with eyewitnesses acting as real- word “earthquake” on Twitter in various time motion sensors. languages and it closely monitors its On 15 January 2018, the LastQuake website traffic, as well as on the use of its app allowed the EMSC to detect a 4.4 mobile app, LastQuake. By compiling this magnitude earthquake close to Athens CITIES HISTORICAL MANAGING information, the EMSC can automatically (Greece) in 24 seconds thanks to 544 detect felt earthquakes before seismic real-time testimonies. Seismographers information is available (typically within needed 292 seconds to detect and locate 15 to 90 seconds). the same event. The LastQuake app allows earthquake witnesses to report seismic events directly to the EMSC and to automatically locate the epicentre and assess damages through their smartphone built-in GNSS receiver. It can be downloaded free of charge and is currently being used by 360 000 people worldwide. When using the app, witnesses are asked to report about the perceived shaking or the damages seen through a set of user-friendly cartoons. Through the app, they have also the possibility to share geo-located photos and videos of the affected areas.

CONTACT: WWW.EMSC-CSEM.ORG

SPACEFORCULTURE 21 22 SPACEFORCULTURE SAFEGUARDING, PROMOTING AND VALUING CULTURAL HERITAGE © travelbook

One of the oldest inhabited cities in the world, Matera is known for the historical “Sassi”, MATERA ancient cave houses dating to the Visiting the city’s Palaeolithic period. The Sassi, together ancient rupestrian with the Park of churches with 3D Rupestrian Churches, were included in technologies and 5G the UNESCO World connectivity Heritage list. In 2019, Matera is one of the Thanks to 5G connectivity, the virtual European Capitals of reconstruction of Matera’s rupestrian Culture. churches can be accessed by anyone remotely.

CONTRIBUTORS: RAFFAELE SANTANGELO, GEOCART-DIGITAL LIGHTHOUSE, AND FRANCESCA SOGLIANI, HEAD OF THE POST- GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE, UNIVERSITY OF BASILICATA, MATERA, ITALY

24 SPACEFORCULTURE The ongoing roll-out of 5G connectivity Indeed, the 5G network allows for across the globe will depend on satellite multiple persons in different locations telecommunication networks. In 2018, to meet with a local guide in a virtual TIM, Fastweb and Huawei won a tender reality environment. Together they can from the Italian Ministry of Economic start an immersive 3D visit through some Development to test and showcase of the reconstructed points of the Sassi, potential applications of 5G connectivity. the rupestrian complex of Madonna delle Virtù and San Nicola dei Greci and the The #BariMatera5G project aims to Crypt of the Original Sin – all UNESCO test the potential of 5G connectivity World Heritage sites. in the cities of Bari and Matera in a number of sectors, including smart cities, The 5G network installed in Bari and environmental protection, tourism and Matera will have a transmission capacity culture. 10 times higher than that of the current 4G technology. During the virtual tour, The project foresees an investment of 5G allows for the quick download of over 60 million Euros over a four years’ a large amount of data while visitors period and relies on the involvement are free to move around the planned of 52 local and regional partners. The areas, manipulate available objects, and Post-Graduate School of Archaeological interact with each other. They can even Heritage of the University of Basilicata appreciate details that are no longer and Geocart-Digital Lighthouse, two present in reality (e.g. decorations of a associated companies specialised into church gone lost or damaged). aerial and ground surveys, 3D Virtual Reality and multimedia, are amongst The virtual reality experience allows the partners joining the project. people to visit places which are difficult to access or remote. In the future, this Using laser scanning and photogram- experience could be made available in metry techniques, Geocart-Digital museums, schools and even on moving Lighthouse put together a digital 3D trains everywhere. reconstruction of the rupestrian churches of Matera. The School of Archaeology complemented the visuals with details on the churches’ history. Thanks to 5G supported connectivity, Matera’s rupestrian churches can be visited remotely through Multiplayer SAFEGUARDING, PROMOTING AND HERITAGE VALUING CULTURAL Virtual Tours.

CONTACTS:WWW.DIGITALLIGHTHOUSE.IT ; WWW.PORTALE.UNIBAS.IT

SPACEFORCULTURE 25 © DLR

Because of its position between Europe and Asia, Palmyra, in Syria, PALMYRA was a global centre of trade and a landmark between Monitoring sensitive different western cultural heritage and eastern cultures. Palmyra is listed in sites from space the UNESCO World Earth Observation can help Heritage in Danger assessing damages to cultural List and is the most heritage sites, such as the iconic picture of the intentional ones carried out conflict in Syria. recently by ISIL in Syria.

CONTRIBUTORS: DANIELE CERRA, SIMON PLANK, GUNTER SCHREIER, GERMAN AEROSPACE CENTRE (DLR), GERMANY

26 SPACEFORCULTURE In periods of war, political instability, or Based on the analysis of the images, the after a natural disaster, Satellite Earth DLR put together a chronological map of Observation Imagery can represent the the induced damage to the site. only reliable, non-invasive information The images revealed consecutive damage, source to monitor cultural heritage. carried out before and in-between the Satellite Earth Observation imagery satellite image acquisition timeframes in offers archaeologists a precious tool August and September 2015 (highlighted to monitor changes to archaeological respectively in light blue and red in the sites over time. rounded image). The intentional damage to local cultural The texture of a target spotted by satellites heritage sites carried out in 2015 by is represented by the distribution of pixel ISIL caused worldwide indignation. values in its surroundings. The texture The destruction has been broadcast changes abruptly from smooth to rough by media worldwide, pinpointing the whenever a structure is damaged or need for prompt, safe and non-invasive collapsed, and when the shadows damage detection and assessment projected by a building disappear. surveys. This facilitates a semi-automatic detec- Between 2015 and 2017, ISIL destroyed the tion of damage, which helped the DAI biggest part of the Palmyra Old Town, to decide on and plan its support for including the Temple of Bel, the Temple reconstruction works once the site of Baal Shamin, the Arch of Triumph, became accessible again. and several columns in the Valley of the Once ISIL was expelled, UNESCO was Tombs. given the task to restore the site to its To assess the damage suffered by the former glory. Several countries and EU Palmyra site, the German Archaeological institutions also pledged funding and Institute (DAI) asked the German Aeros- expertise to expedite restoration works pace Centre (DLR) to analyse a series of which began in 2017. satellite images of the site over a one- Considering the past difficulties in year period. collecting clear information on the Damage detection was carried out site’s status, Satellite Imagery remained manually by analysing pre-disaster a crucial tool to support damage and post-disaster satellite data. Data monitoring. Moreover, satellite remote

analysts also used automatic image sensing may also provide valuable SAFEGUARDING, PROMOTING AND HERITAGE VALUING CULTURAL processing algorithms to speed up the information to trace the illegal looting search over large areas of interest and of artefacts from the site. highlight potential damages.

CONTACTS: : WWW.DLR.DE ; WWW.DAINST.ORG

SPACEFORCULTURE 27 © Historic Environment Scotland Environment © Historic Historic Environment Scotland (HES) is the public body responsible for investigating, caring for and promoting Scotland's historic SCOTLAND environment. Over 300 properties are in their direct Historic Environment care, including Scotland: Using Edinburgh Castle, the Neolithic satellite data to settlement at protect heritage from Skara Brae, and Fort George, which climate change together attract Satellite Navigation, Imagery and more than five analysis provide HES with the data million visitors per needed to monitor and maintain year. cultural heritage on the coastline.

CONTRIBUTOR: MAIRI DAVIES, CLIMATE CHANGE MANAGER, HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT SCOTLAND, EDINBURGH, UNITED KINGDOM

28 SPACEFORCULTURE One fifth of Scotland’s coastline is at First, Dynamic Coast developed a GIS risk of erosion and climate change has map of coastal changes since the 19th accelerated the process. Since the 1970s, century, primarily through analysis the erosion rate has doubled and the of existing maps and remote sensing proportion of retreating coast increased imagery. In its second phase, the project by 39%, threatening a significant number aims to measure and model the full extent of prehistoric and historic sites on the of the intertidal zone (the area where the Scottish coastline. land meets the sea) to understand which stretches of coast and historic assets are In 2012, HES, the Heritage Lottery Fund most at risk. and the University of St. Andrews granted an aid to Scotland’s Coastal Archaeology The project team is analysing the and the Problem of Erosion (SCAPE) to Sentinel-2 satellite’s full catalogue of launch the Scotland’s Coastal Heritage optical data. This is then compared with at Risk Project (SCHARP). historical maps, modern and legacy aerial imagery and surveys of the vegetation Within SCHARP, over 1 000 volunteers edge to map, measure and model coastal were mobilised to collect information changes. about the condition of sites on the coast. Relying on the Satellite Navigation “The advantage of using satellite data is system built into their mobile devices residents in the level of semi-automation and a mobile app, the volunteers updated that is possible, meaning that a very high existing data on 35% of Scotland’s quality assessment can be made with a coastline. tiny fraction of the resources that would have been needed in the past”, says Mairi A “sites at risk” map, hosted on the Davies, Climate Change Manager at HES. SCHARP website, provides access to all data collected. This information The web-maps, summaries and reports was added to the National Record of are available on the web portal of the the Historic Environment in Scotland project and are used by HES to monitor (Canmore) and provided HES, local the heritage sites and buildings under authorities and archaeologists with a their care and to plan and prioritise tool for improved management of the interventions. vulnerable heritage on the coast. In 2019, to further explore the potential In 2015, HES and SCAPE joined Dynamic of satellite applications, HES launched a Coast, a pan-government initiative project in partnership with the European funded by the Scottish Government and Space Agency (ESA) and Moniteye to trial SAFEGUARDING, PROMOTING AND HERITAGE VALUING CULTURAL supported by Scottish National Heritage, the use of GNSS and of data from the aimed at building an evidence base of Sentinel-1 satellites to monitor some of coastal change across all of Scotland’s the cultural heritage sites in their care. erodible shores.

CONTACTS : WWW.HISTORICENVIRONMENT.SCOT/CLIMATECHANGE ; WWW.SCHARP.CO.UK/SITES-AT-RISK WWW.DYNAMICCOAST.COM

SPACEFORCULTURE 29 © Frog

Iraq has more than 10 000 cultural heritage sites, ranging from the 5 500-year-old IRAQ cities of Sumer to the archaeological Using satellite images remains of the Akkadian, to assess damage to Babylonian, heritage sites Assyrian, and Parthian empires. The use of satellite images proves to During the civil war be important in the monitoring and of 2014-2017, several analysis of cultural heritage status in cities were occupied the occupied regions of Iraq. by Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).

CONTRIBUTORS: MARCELLO MORETTI, OPERATIONS MANAGER AND EPIFANIO PECHARROMÁN, IMAGERY ANALYST / TEAM LEADER, EUROPEAN UNION SATELLITE CENTRE, MADRID, SPAIN

30 SPACEFORCULTURE Iraqi cultural heritage sites have suffered to support the EU Advisory Mission greatly from military activities, organised on the Security Sector Reform in Iraq, looting, illegal excavations and trafficking and help archaeologists continue their of cultural objects across the country. work in these areas. These included the Balkuwara Palace area of Samarra, the The entire world witnessed with ruins of the ancient city of Nimroud, the astonishment the destruction of elevated mound of Tepe Gawra, the irreplaceable cultural treasures and remains of the ancient city of Ninive, the the United Nations General Assembly Mosque of Nabis Yunes, and the remains adopted two resolutions on Saving the of the ancient city of Dur Sharrukin (today Cultural Heritage of Iraq in 2015. Khorsabad). In the same year, the discovery on ISIL’s The Centre analysed 117 satellite images Syrian compound of 700 ancient artefacts of these sites in Iraq, in search of any raised some doubts on the authenticity damage or evidence of looting. of the destructions claimed by ISIL. Some doubted that the monuments and By comparing satellite images taken artefacts destroyed were copies and before, during and after the occupation, not the originals, which were instead the SatCen was able to verify and traded on the illegal market to fund the analyse the destruction of several activities of ISIL. antique buildings and classify the identified damage in three categories: The European Union Satellite Centre possible looting (illegal excavation and (SatCen) is an official Agency of plundering of an archaeological site for the European Union, providing geo- gaining profit, i.e. selling), fundamentalist intelligence products and services damage (linked with the presence of resulting from the exploitation of space ISIL in the area), and military damage assets and collateral data to support the (such as defence positions, revetments decision making and actions of the EU in or trenches within archaeological sites). the field of Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). The use of Satellite Imagery has helped to verify, detect and classify in detail In February 2018, the SatCen received a the damages sustained over time. A request from the EU Counter-Terrorism wide range of stakeholders, from local Office & PRISM (Prevention of Conflict, authorities to archaeologists, have been Rule of Law, Integrated Approach, invited to use the data and complement Stabilisation and Mediation) to verify and

them with their own, in order to fight SAFEGUARDING, PROMOTING AND HERITAGE VALUING CULTURAL assess the damage to cultural heritage illegal looting and help the reconstruction in some of the urban areas controlled and preservation processes within the by ISIL in Iraq. damaged areas. The resulting information was aimed to fight looting of Iraqi cultural heritage,

CONTACT: WWW.SATCEN.EUROPA.EU

SPACEFORCULTURE 31 32 SPACEFORCULTURE CREATING INNOVATIVE, ARTISTIC AND CULTURAL EXPERIENCES Nicole and Norbert © N+N Corsino Corsino are choreographers and researchers based in France. Associated under the name “N+N Corsino”, their MARSEILLE artistic research focuses on the interactions between N+N Corsino: body movements Expanding the and landscapes. Their works are choreographic space often inspired by literary works Two choreographers based in France used Satellite Imagery as and aim to boost the scenario for a dance movie and their spectators' Satellite Navigation to locate Virtual imagination. Reality dancers through mobile apps.

CONTRIBUTOR: NORBERT CORSINO, CHOREOGRAPHER AND RESEARCHER, N+N CORSINO, MARSEILLE, FRANCE

34 SPACEFORCULTURE Back in 1989, Nicole and Norbert Corsino In Soi-Moi, GNSS data was integrated used Satellite Imagery for the first time in some of the scenarios of the app, in some of the scenes of the movie they changing the colours of the 3D characters directed and staged: Un avion, presque according to the position of the user. If au milieu du lac (A seaplane, not quite in the user is close to the sea, colours are the middle of the lake). warmer, while at more than 150 meters, e.g. on hills or at the 20th floor of a The movie is a dance show centred on the building, they become colder, taking on concept of limits between air and water. blue/violets tones. Shot in Lugano, Locarno and Marseille, the movie has been realised with images The most recent creation of N+N Corsino taken with regular cameras (on land is Self-Patterns, the first choreographic and from a seaplane) and with satellite navigation in Augmented Reality, a images provided by the French National free mobile application based on ten Centre for Space Studies (CNES). patterns, where the users become the authors of their shootings and of the The images were processed by I.S.T.A.R. dancers’ itineraries in augmented spaces. (Stereoscopic Images Applied to Relief), a research company based in The dancers played ten short choreo- Sophia Antipolis, the oldest and biggest graphies and their movements were European technological park. Corsino then recorded in motion capture. When used Satellite Imagery to expand the the application is launched, through the scenario of the movie and animate scenes screen of their phones, the users see the that give the impression of a seaplane avatars of the dancers moving in the landing on the port of Marseille, a quite spaces they are looking at in real life. improbable event in the real world. Each shooting is geo-located and the In 2009, N+N Corsino created the mobile two choreographers plan an exhibition in app Soi-Moi (Self as Me). The app is a which they will ask ten people to interpret game based on 12 choreographies the virtual choreography in ten different processed with the interactive integration spots. Thanks to Satellite Navigation, of iPhone tools: accelerometers, photo, they will be able to classify the short video and touch screen. The space where movies according to their location and the user is (e.g. a room, a beach or a the time they were shot, arranging them field) becomes the backdrop for digital in a narrative order. characters, silhouettes of men or women, CREATING INNOVATIVE, ARTISTIC AND EXPERIENCES CULTURAL The app has been developed within stylised animals, etc. walking or moving the framework of the France-Romania on the surfaces and objects surrounding Cultural Season 2019. the user.

CONTACT: WWW.NNCORSINO.COM

The city of Florence, in Tuscany, has a population of 383 083 inhabitants. The Historic City FLORENCE Centre is a UNESCO World Heritage Gamification to help Site since 1982. Considered as the managing tourist cradle of Italian flows arts and literature, the city attracts A mobile application combines arts, millions of tourists gamification and Satellite Navigation from all over the to mitigate tourist pressure in the world. In 2018 alone, centre of Florence and direct visitors 10,6 million tourists towards alternative itineraries. visited Florence.

CONTRIBUTORS: FABIO VIOLA, TUOMUSEO, AND CARLOTTA VIVIANI, ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AND TOURISM DEPART- MENT, CITY OF FLORENCE, ITALY

36 SPACEFORCULTURE The majority of tourists in Florence cards help the player discover Florence’s are concentrated in the UNESCO curiosities and stories. Heritage Historic City Centre, an area While moving around the city, cards are of approximately 5 km2. automatically unlocked through geo- The Economic Activities and Tourism located check-ins. Players can gain new Department of the Municipality is cards by localising themselves close to responsible for promoting and managing squares, monuments and museums. The tourism in Florence. The main challenge more unknown or remote a location is, for the Department is to sustain the the more the value of the cards to be cultural offer of the City, while mitigating collected increases. the side effects of tourist pressure on the The app has been developed so as historical center. to allow the Tourist Department to To mitigate overcrowding, the Department autonomously update and add maps. decided to take measures to guide tourists These can be redrawn from scratch with towards alternative thematic itineraries. geo-referenced information. Among the measures implemented, the Geo-localisation turns the digital ga- Department launched Firenze Game, a ming experience into a physical one. A mobile app combining digital gaming cross between PokemonGo and a sticker and city tours. Targeting schools and album, Firenze Game merges the digital kids up to 12 years old, the app aims at and analogical worlds to offer dedicated stimulating players to learn more about touristic and educational experiences to the city of Florence while supporting the youngsters. At the same time, the app need of the Municipality to delocalise represents an innovative way to manage tourists from major attractions. tourist flows in a smart and engaging fashion. Firenze Game, available for free, relies on Satellite Navigation to guide players The app was developed in Italian and around different itineraries, challenging English by the Municipality of Florence, them to look closely at Firenze’s hidden with Linea Comune, Muse and Digital Fun/ beauties and its less known stories. TuoMuseo, an international collective of artists, game designers, developers, Players can create their avatars and sound designers and 3D animators. then challenge their friends. Each player has a set of cards, classified by CREATING INNOVATIVE, ARTISTIC AND EXPERIENCES CULTURAL historical periods. The places, symbols and historical figures featured on the

CONTACTS: WWW.COMUNE.FI.IT ; WWW.TUOMUSEO.IT

With a background in Heritage Conservation, Hans Hack works with JavaScript, open ALEPPO data sources and whatever might Hans Hack: When come handy to tell stories. Satellite Imagery Based in Berlin, he becomes a powerful works for museums, foundations, communication tool newspapers, NGOs, Satellite Imagery can serve as a basis graphic design for data visualisation, challenge our studios, and perspectives and stimulate reflection artists. on our world.

CONTRIBUTOR: HANS HACK, DATA VISUALISER, MAPMAKER AND ARTIST, BERLIN, GERMANY

38 SPACEFORCULTURE Maps are quite a powerful tool to As a geographical reference point, Hans communicate on research findings to superposed the Citadel of Aleppo on that the general public. of the Museum Island in Berlin and the Tower of London. He then showcased the Hans Hack uses aerial or satellite images re-projected percentage of destruction as a first layer for many of his artistic or on some randomly selected buildings. graphic projects. In Hans’ London map, the Tower of As an example, in the "Alpen" project, he London, the City Hall, the Palace of took satellite images of cities that are Westminster, Buckingham Palace, mainly flat, like Berlin, London, Hamburg, the Olympic Stadium, King’s Cross and Brussels, and then modified them station, and Tate Modern were razed, to exaggerate their heights. In these 3D while Camden, Islington, Dalston and city maps, all elevation data has been Hampstead were decimated. hugely increased in scale to give users the perception of how their cities would “What is important to me is to use look like on hills or mountains. technology to sensitise people on issues that I believe are relevant to understand “Reprojected Destruction” is a data today's world”, Hans says. visualisation project relying on Satellite Imagery to sensitise the public to the To do so, in the future he plans to damage suffered by the city of Aleppo. continue using Satellite Imagery for data visualisation projects, while he is also For this project, the artist found inspiration getting interested in the possibilities in a satellite-based map published by the offered by artificial intelligence and United Nations Operational Satellite machine learning. Applications Programme (UNOSAT) of the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR). The satellite-based map of Aleppo was created between November 2010 and September 2016. These images showed the percentage of buildings damaged in the area since the beginning of the Syrian war. In six years, more than 40%, a total of 33 521 structures have been CREATING INNOVATIVE, ARTISTIC AND EXPERIENCES CULTURAL damaged as an outcome of the war.

CONTACT: WWW.HANSHACK.COM

Yorkshire Sculpture Park (YSP) is an open-air museum in West Yorkshire. The park covers more than 200 hectares WAKEFIELD and hosts one of the largest exhibitions Yorkshire Sculpture of bronze statues in Europe. Unlike similar Park: Satellite parks, the YSP has a Navigation brings changing exhibition programme, sculptures to life allowing visitors Sculpture Cam, an app based on to closely observe Satellite Navigation data, offers a works by British and unique experience to the visitors of a international artists. park in the United Kingdom.

CONTRIBUTOR: LUNA MAURER, STUDIO MONIKER, AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS

40 SPACEFORCULTURE Museums and exhibition centres are their screen and photograph it with their experimenting with new technologies smartphones or tablets. When visitors to change the way visitors interact with submit their pictures, they are rewarded artworks. with an animation showing all the angles of the statues photographed by different Digital and mobile technologies can visitors together with a curiosity or a fun offer museum or exhibition visitors new fact about the artist behind the sculpture. ways to actively engage with culture and artworks. Indeed, devices as common The sculptures in the park are geo-tagged as smartphones can allow us to know via Satellite Navigation in the browser more about a piece of art, the artist and photographed using Web Real Time who created it, or the space where it is Communication. exhibited. Thanks to the app, the tablets or In the United Kingdom, the Yorkshire smartphones of the visitors of the Sculpture Park (YSP) wanted to broaden Yorkshire Sculpture Park turn into its audience using new media and digital collaborative 3D scanners, which capture technologies. In 2017, the Park asked the and collect the peculiar views of each Amsterdam-based interactive media visitor. All the pictures taken are collected design studio Moniker, to come up with and showcased on a screen in the Park’s an innovative way to offer visitors an museum. immersive tour of the Park’s sculptures. With Sculpture Cam, the Yorkshire This became Sculpture Cam: a Sculpture Park is able to offer a distinctive collaborative social game that visitors experience to its visitors, widening access can play while inside the park. Users and participation to both arts and digital need to open their browsers on the web technologies. app and turn on the in-built geo-location The web app was developed by Moniker service of their tablets or smartphones. with support from The Space, the England Players are then challenged to find ten Arts and Culture Council and the BBC. It sculptures in the park, including works has been used by almost 3 000 visitors, by Barbara Hepworth, Henry Moore and while the website counts more than Sophie Ryder, based on their silhouettes 25 000 visits. In the future, the app might and on the Satellite Navigation system also include Augmented and Virtual embedded in their devices. Once they Reality features to further enrich the CREATING INNOVATIVE, ARTISTIC AND EXPERIENCES CULTURAL spot a sculpture, they will have to find visitor’s experience. the angle matching the silhouette on

CONTACTS: WWW.YSP.ORG.UK ; WWW.STUDIOMONIKER.COM

SPACEFORCULTURE 41 PREVIOUS EDITIONS

Eurisy has been publishing “Satellites Going Local: regions, cities and SMEs share good practice” since 2011. The objective of the publication is to encourage regions, cities and SMEs to make the most of European investments in space, by learning from their peers how to use satellite applications in many different sectors, and by following suit. This publication, and its online counterpart – Eurisy’s database of good practices – (www.eurisy.org/good-practices.php), is an important resource in Europe which systematically and regularly collects “satellite success stories” – examples of how satellite navigation, imagery and communication are used in practice, shared by the users themselves. Today, Eurisy is still searching for success stories exploring new sectors to bring satellite technologies closer to society. For previous editions, and more good practices in your country and field of interest, visit www.eurisy.org

SATELLITES GOING LOCAL

PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ORGANISATIONS SHARE THEIR SUCCESS STORIES Eurisy is a non-proﬁ t association of space agencies and government ofﬁ ces dealing with space affairs in Europe.

It is mandated and ﬁ nanced by its members to increase the access of society to the beneﬁ ts of innovative satellite information and services.

Eurisy 8-10 rue Mario Nikis 75015 Paris, France +33 (0) 1 47 34 00 79 [email protected] www.eurisy.org

2016-2017

42 SPACEFORCULTURE Editor: G. Fiore et A. Vernile- Eurisy. Graphic design: latelierdelestuaire.com Copyright Eurisy 2019

SPACEFORCULTURE 43 Eurisy is a non-profit association of space agencies and government offices dealing with space affairs in Europe.

It is mandated and financed by its members to increase the access of society to the benefits of innovative satellite information and services.

52 Rue Jacques Hillairet 75012 Paris - France +33 1 47 34 00 79 [email protected] www.eurisy.org