Training for Lunar Surface Operations
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In-Depth Review of Satellite Imagery / Earth Observation Technology in Official Statistics Prepared by Canada and Mexico
In-depth review of satellite imagery / earth observation technology in official statistics Prepared by Canada and Mexico Julio A. Santaella Conference of European Statisticians 67th plenary session Paris, France June 28, 2019 Earth observation (EO) EO is the gathering of information about planet Earth’s physical, chemical and biological systems. It involves monitoring and assessing the status of, and changes in, the natural and man-made environment Measurements taken by a thermometer, wind gauge, ocean buoy, altimeter or seismograph Photographs and satellite imagery Radar and sonar images Analyses of water or soil samples EO examples EO Processed information such as maps or forecasts Source: Group on Earth Observations (GEO) In-depth review of satellite imagery / earth observation technology in official statistics 2 Introduction Satellite imagery uses have expanded over time Satellite imagery provide generalized data for large areas at relatively low cost: Aligned with NSOs needs to produce more information at lower costs NSOs are starting to consider EO technology as a data collection instrument for purposes beyond agricultural statistics In-depth review of satellite imagery / earth observation technology in official statistics 3 Scope and definition of the review To survey how various types of satellite data and the techniques used to process or analyze them support the GSBPM To improve coordination of statistical activities in the UNECE region, identify gaps or duplication of work, and address emerging issues In-depth review of satellite imagery / earth observation technology in official statistics 4 Overview of recent activities • EO technology has developed progressively, encouraging the identification of new applications of this infrastructure data. -
Copyrighted Material
Index Abulfeda crater chain (Moon), 97 Aphrodite Terra (Venus), 142, 143, 144, 145, 146 Acheron Fossae (Mars), 165 Apohele asteroids, 353–354 Achilles asteroids, 351 Apollinaris Patera (Mars), 168 achondrite meteorites, 360 Apollo asteroids, 346, 353, 354, 361, 371 Acidalia Planitia (Mars), 164 Apollo program, 86, 96, 97, 101, 102, 108–109, 110, 361 Adams, John Couch, 298 Apollo 8, 96 Adonis, 371 Apollo 11, 94, 110 Adrastea, 238, 241 Apollo 12, 96, 110 Aegaeon, 263 Apollo 14, 93, 110 Africa, 63, 73, 143 Apollo 15, 100, 103, 104, 110 Akatsuki spacecraft (see Venus Climate Orbiter) Apollo 16, 59, 96, 102, 103, 110 Akna Montes (Venus), 142 Apollo 17, 95, 99, 100, 102, 103, 110 Alabama, 62 Apollodorus crater (Mercury), 127 Alba Patera (Mars), 167 Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP), 110 Aldrin, Edwin (Buzz), 94 Apophis, 354, 355 Alexandria, 69 Appalachian mountains (Earth), 74, 270 Alfvén, Hannes, 35 Aqua, 56 Alfvén waves, 35–36, 43, 49 Arabia Terra (Mars), 177, 191, 200 Algeria, 358 arachnoids (see Venus) ALH 84001, 201, 204–205 Archimedes crater (Moon), 93, 106 Allan Hills, 109, 201 Arctic, 62, 67, 84, 186, 229 Allende meteorite, 359, 360 Arden Corona (Miranda), 291 Allen Telescope Array, 409 Arecibo Observatory, 114, 144, 341, 379, 380, 408, 409 Alpha Regio (Venus), 144, 148, 149 Ares Vallis (Mars), 179, 180, 199 Alphonsus crater (Moon), 99, 102 Argentina, 408 Alps (Moon), 93 Argyre Basin (Mars), 161, 162, 163, 166, 186 Amalthea, 236–237, 238, 239, 241 Ariadaeus Rille (Moon), 100, 102 Amazonis Planitia (Mars), 161 COPYRIGHTED -
Mantle Peridotite Xenoliths
Earth and Planetary Science Letters 260 (2007) 37–55 www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl Mantle peridotite xenoliths in andesite lava at El Peñon, central Mexican Volcanic Belt: Isotopic and trace element evidence for melting and metasomatism in the mantle wedge beneath an active arc ⁎ Samuel B. Mukasa a, , Dawnika L. Blatter b, Alexandre V. Andronikov a a Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1005, USA b Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Received 6 July 2006; received in revised form 3 May 2007; accepted 7 May 2007 Available online 13 May 2007 Editor: R.W. Carlson Abstract Peridotites in the mantle wedge and components added to them from the subducting slab are thought to be the source of most arc magmas. However, direct sampling of these materials, which provides a glimpse into the upper mantle beneath an active margin, is exceedingly rare. In the few arc localities where found, peridotite xenoliths are usually brought to the surface by basaltic magmas. Remarkably, the hornblende-bearing ultramafic xenoliths and clinopyroxene megaxenocrysts from El Peñon in the central Mexican Volcanic Belt were brought to the surface by a Quaternary high-Mg siliceous andesite, a rock type usually considered too evolved to be a direct product of mantle melting. The xenoliths and megaxenocrysts from El Peñon represent lithospheric mantle affected by significant subduction of oceanic lithosphere since as early as the Permian. Trace element and radiogenic isotope data we report here on these materials suggest a history of depletion by melt extraction, metasomatism involving a fluid phase, and finally, limited reaction between the ultramafic materials and the host andesite, probably during transport. -
USGS Open-File Report 2005-1190, Table 1
TABLE 1 GEOLOGIC FIELD-TRAINING OF NASA ASTRONAUTS BETWEEN JANUARY 1963 AND NOVEMBER 1972 The following is a year-by-year listing of the astronaut geologic field training trips planned and led by personnel from the U.S. Geological Survey’s Branches of Astrogeology and Surface Planetary Exploration, in collaboration with the Geology Group at the Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Texas at the request of NASA between January 1963 and November 1972. Regional geologic experts from the U.S. Geological Survey and other governmental organizations and universities s also played vital roles in these exercises. [The early training (between 1963 and 1967) involved a rather large contingent of astronauts from NASA groups 1, 2, and 3. For another listing of the astronaut geologic training trips and exercises, including all attending and the general purposed of the exercise, the reader is referred to the following website containing a contribution by William Phinney (Phinney, book submitted to NASA/JSC; also http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/ap-geotrips.pdf).] 1963 16-18 January 1963: Meteor Crater and San Francisco Volcanic Field near Flagstaff, Arizona (9 astronauts). Among the nine astronaut trainees in Flagstaff for that initial astronaut geologic training exercise was Neil Armstrong--who would become the first man to step foot on the Moon during the historic Apollo 11 mission in July 1969! The other astronauts present included Frank Borman (Apollo 8), Charles "Pete" Conrad (Apollo 12), James Lovell (Apollo 8 and the near-tragic Apollo 13), James McDivitt, Elliot See (killed later in a plane crash), Thomas Stafford (Apollo 10), Edward White (later killed in the tragic Apollo 1 fire at Cape Canaveral), and John Young (Apollo 16). -
Glossary Glossary
Glossary Glossary Albedo A measure of an object’s reflectivity. A pure white reflecting surface has an albedo of 1.0 (100%). A pitch-black, nonreflecting surface has an albedo of 0.0. The Moon is a fairly dark object with a combined albedo of 0.07 (reflecting 7% of the sunlight that falls upon it). The albedo range of the lunar maria is between 0.05 and 0.08. The brighter highlands have an albedo range from 0.09 to 0.15. Anorthosite Rocks rich in the mineral feldspar, making up much of the Moon’s bright highland regions. Aperture The diameter of a telescope’s objective lens or primary mirror. Apogee The point in the Moon’s orbit where it is furthest from the Earth. At apogee, the Moon can reach a maximum distance of 406,700 km from the Earth. Apollo The manned lunar program of the United States. Between July 1969 and December 1972, six Apollo missions landed on the Moon, allowing a total of 12 astronauts to explore its surface. Asteroid A minor planet. A large solid body of rock in orbit around the Sun. Banded crater A crater that displays dusky linear tracts on its inner walls and/or floor. 250 Basalt A dark, fine-grained volcanic rock, low in silicon, with a low viscosity. Basaltic material fills many of the Moon’s major basins, especially on the near side. Glossary Basin A very large circular impact structure (usually comprising multiple concentric rings) that usually displays some degree of flooding with lava. The largest and most conspicuous lava- flooded basins on the Moon are found on the near side, and most are filled to their outer edges with mare basalts. -
The Contribution of Earth Observation Technologies to Monitoring Strategies of Cultural Landscapes and Sites
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-2/W5, 2017 26th International CIPA Symposium 2017, 28 August–01 September 2017, Ottawa, Canada THE CONTRIBUTION OF EARTH OBSERVATION TECHNOLOGIES TO MONITORING STRATEGIES OF CULTURAL LANDSCAPES AND SITES B. Cuca a* a Dept. of Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 31, 20133 Milan, Italy – [email protected] KEY WORDS: Cultural landscapes, Earth Observation, satellite remote sensing, GIS, Cultural Heritage policy, geo-hazards ABSTRACT: Coupling of Climate change effects with management and protection of cultural and natural heritage has been brought to the attention of policy makers since several years. On the worldwide level, UNESCO has identified several phenomena as the major geo-hazards possibly induced by climate change and their possible hazardous impact to natural and cultural heritage: Hurricane, storms; Sea-level rise; Erosion; Flooding; Rainfall increase; Drought; Desertification and Rise in temperature. The same document further referrers to satellite Remote Sensing (EO) as one of the valuable tools, useful for development of “professional monitoring strategies”. More recently, other studies have highlighted on the impact of climate change effects on tourism, an economic sector related to build environment and traditionally linked to heritage. The results suggest that, in case of emergency the concrete threat could be given by the hazardous event itself; in case of ordinary administration, however, the threat seems to be a “hazardous attitude” towards cultural assets that could lead to inadequate maintenance and thus to a risk of an improper management of cultural heritage sites. This paper aims to illustrate potential benefits that advancements of Earth Observation technologies can bring to the domain of monitoring landscape heritage and to the management strategies, including practices of preventive maintenance. -
Human and Machine in Spaceflight
Digital Apollo: Human and Machine in Spaceflight David A. Mindell The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England ( 2008 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. For information about special quantity discounts, please email [email protected] This book was set in Stone Serif and Stone Sans on 3B2 by Asco Typesetters, Hong Kong. Printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mindell, David A. Digital Apollo : human and machine in spaceflight / David A. Mindell. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-262-13497-2 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Human-machine systems. 2. Project Apollo (U.S.)—History. 3. Astronautics—United States—History. 4. Manned spaceflight—History. I. Title. TA167.M59 2008 629.47 04—dc22 2007032255 10987654321 Index Accelerometers, 1 control and, 19–22 Apollo program and, 97, 109–110, 119, 132, F-80 Shooting Star, 45 174, 194, 201 F-104 Starfighter, 45 AC Spark Plug, 110, 127, 134, 137 SR-71, 45 Adams, Mike, 59–61 stability and, 19–22 Adaptive control systems, 57–61, 77 U-2, 45 AGC (Apollo guidance computer), 259 X-1, 44, 46 Apollo 4 and, 174–175 X-15, 6 (see also X-15) Apollo 5 and, 175 Air-pressure gauges, 24 Apollo 7 and, 177 Aldrin, Edwin ‘‘Buzz,’’ 1–4, 8, 86 astronaut input and, 159 Eagle and, 217–232 -
Constellation Program Overview
Constellation Program Overview October 2008 hris Culbert anager, Lunar Surface Systems Project Office ASA/Johnson Space Center Constellation Program EarthEarth DepartureDeparture OrionOrion -- StageStage CrewCrew ExplorationExploration VehicleVehicle AresAres VV -- HeavyHeavy LiftLift LaunchLaunch VehicleVehicle AltairAltair LunarLunar LanderLander AresAres II -- CrewCrew LaunchLaunch VehicleVehicle Lunar Capabilities Concept Review EstablishedEstablished Lunar Lunar Transportation Transportation EstablishEstablish Lunar Lunar Surface SurfaceArchitecturesArchitectures ArchitectureArchitecture Point Point of of Departure: Departure: StrategiesStrategies which: which: Satisfy NASA NGO’s to acceptable degree ProvidesProvides crew crew & & cargo cargo delivery delivery to to & & from from the the Satisfy NASA NGO’s to acceptable degree within acceptable schedule moonmoon within acceptable schedule Are consistent with capacity and capabilities ProvidesProvides capacity capacity and and ca capabilitiespabilities consistent consistent Are consistent with capacity and capabilities withwith candidate candidate surface surface architectures architectures ofof the the transportation transportation systems systems ProvidesProvides sufficient sufficient performance performance margins margins IncludeInclude set set of of options options fo for rvarious various prioritizations prioritizations of cost, schedule & risk RemainsRemains within within programmatic programmatic constraints constraints of cost, schedule & risk ResultsResults in in acceptable -
Area Adventure Hat Creek Ranger District Lassen National Forest
Area Adventure Hat Creek Ranger District Lassen National Forest Welcome The following list of recreation activities are avail- able in the Hat Creek Recreation Area. For more detailed information please stop by the Old Station Visitor Information Center, open April - December, or our District Office located in Fall River Mills. Give Hat Creek Rim Overlook - Nearly 1 million years us a call year-around Mon.- Fri. at (530) 336-5521. ago, active faulting gradually dropped a block of Enjoy your visit to this very interesting country. the Earth’s crust (now Hat Creek Valley) 1,000 feet below the top of the Hat Creek Rim, leaving behind Subway Cave - See an underground cave formed this large fault scarp. This fault system is still “alive by flowing lava. Located just off Highway 89, 1/4 and cracking”. mile north of Old Station junction with Highway 44. The lava tube tour is self guided and the walk is A heritage of the Hat Creek area’s past, it offers mag- 1/3 mile long. Bring a lantern or strong flashlight nificent views of Hat Creek Valley, Lassen Peak, as the cave is not lighted. Sturdy Shoes and a light Burney Mountain, and, further away, Mt. Shasta. jacket are advisable. Subway Cave is closed during the winter months. Fault Hat Creek Rim Fault Scarp Vertical movement Hat Creek V Cross Section of a Lava Tube along this fault system alley dropped this block of earth into its present position Spattercone Trail - Walk a nature trail where volca- nic spattercones and other interesting geologic fea- tures may be seen. -
The Role and Training of NASA Astronauts in the Post-Shuttle Era
The Role and Training of NASA Astronauts in the Post-Shuttle Era Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board ∙ Air Force Studies Board ∙ Division on Engineering & Physical Sciences ∙ September 2011 As the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) retires the Space Shuttle and shifts involvement in International Space Station (ISS) operations, changes in the role and requirements of NASA’s Astronaut Corps will take place. At the request of NASA, the National Research Council (NRC) addressed three main questions about these changes: What should be the role and size of Johnson Space Center’s (JSC) Flight Crew Operations Directorate (FCOD); what will be the requirements of astronaut training facilities; and is the Astronaut Corps’ fleet of training aircraft a cost-effective means of preparing astronauts for NASA’s spaceflight program? This report presents an assessment of several issues driven by these questions. This report does not address explicitly the future of human spaceflight. Background Corps—defined in this report as the number he United States has been launching as- of astronauts qualified to fly into space. As Ttronauts into space for more than five of May 2011, the Astronaut Corps consist- decades and, for a majority of those years, ed of 61 people, compared with a peak size astronauts have been selected and trained of nearly 150 people in 2000. NASA uses a through NASA’s Astronaut Corps. Since its model for projecting minimum ISS manifest inception in 1959, the Astronaut Corps— requirements. Using the model on the next which is based at the Lyndon B. Johnson page, NASA has projected that the Astronaut Space Center (JSC) in Houston, Texas—has Corps will need a minimum of 55-60 astro- experienced periodic fluctuations in size and nauts to meet ISS crew requirements through training emphasis based on various program 2016. -
Geologic Gems of California's State Parks
STATE OF CALIFORNIA – EDMUND G. BROWN JR., GOVERNOR NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY – JOHN LAIRD, SECRETARY CALIFORNIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION – LISA MANGAT, DIRECTOR JOHN D. PARRISH, Ph.D., STATE GEOLOGIST DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION – DAVID BUNN, DIRECTOR PLATE 1 The rugged cliffs of Del Norte Coast Redwoods State Park are composed of some of California’s Bio-regions the most tortured, twisted, and mobile rocks of the North American continent. The California’s Geomorphic Provinces rocks are mostly buried beneath soils and covered by vigorous redwood forests, which thrive in a climate famous for summer fog and powerful winter storms. The rocks only reveal themselves in steep stream banks, along road and trail cut banks, along the precipitous coastal cliffs and offshore in the form of towering rock monuments or sea stacks. (Photograph by CalTrans staff.) Few of California’s State parks display impressive monoliths adorned like a Patrick’s Point State Park displays a snapshot of geologic processes that have castle with towering spires and few permit rock climbing. Castle Crags State shaped the face of western North America, and that continue today. The rocks Park is an exception. The scenic beauty is best enjoyed from a distant exposed in the seacliffs and offshore represent dynamic interplay between the vantage point where one can see the range of surrounding landforms. The The Klamath Mountains consist of several rugged ranges and deep canyons. Klamath/North Coast Bioregion San Joaquin Valley Colorado Desert subducting oceanic tectonic plate (Gorda Plate) and the continental North American monolith and its surroundings are a microcosm of the Klamath Mountains The mountains reach elevations of 6,000 to 8,000 feet. -
Tammuz Pan and Christ Otes on a Typical Case of Myth-Transference
TA MMU! PA N A N D C H R IST O TE S O N A T! PIC AL C AS E O F M! TH - TR ANS FE R E NC E AND DE VE L O PME NT B! WILFR E D H SC HO FF . TO G E THE R WIT H A BR IE F IL L USTR ATE D A R TIC L E O N “ PA N T H E R U STIC ” B! PAU L C AR US “ " ' u n wr a p n on m s on u cou n r , s n p r n u n n , 191 2 CHIC AGO THE O PE N CO URT PUBLISHING CO MPAN! 19 12 THE FA N F PRAXIT L U O E ES. a n t Fr ticpiccc o The O pen C ourt. TH E O PE N C O U RT A MO N TH L! MA GA! IN E Devoted to th e Sci en ce of Religion. th e Relig ion of Science. and t he Exten si on of th e Religi on Periiu nen t Idea . M R 1 12 . V XX . P 6 6 O L. VI o S T B ( N . E E E , 9 NO 7 Cepyricht by The O pen Court Publishing Gumm y, TA MM ! A A D HRI T U , P N N C S . NO TES O N A T! PIC AL C ASE O F M! TH-TRANSFERENC E AND L DEVE O PMENT. W D H H FF.