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Appendix A: Electoral Rules
Appendix A: Electoral Rules Table A.1 Electoral Rules for Italy’s Lower House, 1948–present Time Period 1948–1993 1993–2005 2005–present Plurality PR with seat Valle d’Aosta “Overseas” Tier PR Tier bonus national tier SMD Constituencies No. of seats / 6301 / 32 475/475 155/26 617/1 1/1 12/4 districts Election rule PR2 Plurality PR3 PR with seat Plurality PR (FPTP) bonus4 (FPTP) District Size 1–54 1 1–11 617 1 1–6 (mean = 20) (mean = 6) (mean = 4) Note that the acronym FPTP refers to First Past the Post plurality electoral system. 1The number of seats became 630 after the 1962 constitutional reform. Note the period of office is always 5 years or less if the parliament is dissolved. 2Imperiali quota and LR; preferential vote; threshold: one quota and 300,000 votes at national level. 3Hare Quota and LR; closed list; threshold: 4% of valid votes at national level. 4Hare Quota and LR; closed list; thresholds: 4% for lists running independently; 10% for coalitions; 2% for lists joining a pre-electoral coalition, except for the best loser. Ballot structure • Under the PR system (1948–1993), each voter cast one vote for a party list and could express a variable number of preferential votes among candidates of that list. • Under the MMM system (1993–2005), each voter received two separate ballots (the plurality ballot and the PR one) and cast two votes: one for an individual candidate in a single-member district; one for a party in a multi-member PR district. • Under the PR-with-seat-bonus system (2005–present), each voter cast one vote for a party list. -
Japanese Electoral Politics: Reform, Results, and Prospects for the Future
Japanese Electoral Politics: Reform, Results, and Prospects for the Future Author: Joe Michael Sasanuma Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/470 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2004 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. BOSTON COLLEGE JAPANESE ELECTORAL POLITICS: REFORM, RESULTS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE A SENIOR HONORS THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE HONORS PROGRAM OF THE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND THE COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES BY JOE M. MICHAEL SASANUMA April 2004 - 1 - Table of Contents Part I: Introduction 3 Chapter 1: The Lost Ten Years 4 Part II: Revolution, Realignment, and the Man Named Ozawa 12 Chapter 2: Money and Machine Politics 13 Chapter 3: Ozawa Ichiro’s Reform, Revolt, and Revolution 15 Chapter 4: Hosokawa’s Fall, LDP’s Return, and Ozawa Again 21 Chapter 5: Realignment 24 Part III: The Electoral System: Before and After 38 Chapter 6: The Medium Size Election District System 39 Chapter 7: The Mixed System 43 Chapter 8: Analyzing the New Electoral System 49 Part IV: Previous Elections 66 Chapter 9: The Election of 1996 67 Chapter 10: The Election of 2000 69 Part V: The Election of 2003 77 Chapter 11: Results and Analysis 78 Chapter 12: Predictions and Results 88 Chapter 13: District Analysis 102 Part VI: Conclusion 132 Chapter 14: Prospects for the Future 133 - 2 - Part I Introduction - 3 - Chapter 1: The Lost Ten Years In an interview conducted by the Yomiuri Shinbun newspaper in May of 2003, then- vice-speaker of the Lower House Watanabe Kozo called the past decade of Japanese politics “The Lost Ten Years.”1 Although the term is used more commonly to describe the Japanese economic stagnation of the 1990s, in many ways his use of the term to describe politics was equally appropriate. -
2020 Financial Analysts Briefing
2020 Financial Analysts Briefing About This Book This book primarily contains slides and excerpts from Aflac Incorporated’s 2020 Financial Analysts Briefing held on November 19, 2020 at Aflac’s Paul S. Amos Building in Columbus, Ga., along with additional information. All information is intended to provide a comprehensive discussion and analysis of Aflac Incorporated’s operations. The information contained in this book was based on conditions that existed at the end of the third quarter of 2020. Circumstances may have changed materially since these presentations were made. The company undertakes no obligation to update the presentations. This information was prepared as a supplement to the company’s annual and quarterly releases, 10-Ks and 10-Qs. This book does not include footnotes to the financial statements or certain items that appear in reports or registration statements filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We believe the information presented in this book was accurate at the time of the presentations, but its accuracy cannot be guaranteed. A webcast of this event’s presentations is available for one year following the event at investors.aflac.com. Forward-Looking Information The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “safe harbor” to encourage companies to provide prospective information, so long as those informational statements are identified as forward-looking and are accompanied by meaningful cautionary statements identifying important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those included in the forward-looking statements. The company desires to take advantage of these provisions. This document contains cautionary statements identifying important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected herein, and in any other statements made by company officials in communications with the financial community and contained in documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). -
Continuity and Discontinuity of Party System
Continuity and Discontinuity of Party System Institutionalization in Japan, Taiwan, Philippines, and South Korea. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science in the University of Canterbury by Koochul (K.C) Jung 2018 Acknowledgements I am extremely grateful for all the support I have received over the last few years of my life. Much of what I have learned, along with my professional and personal growth could not have been possible without the people. I am in deep debt to my academic supervisors, Alexander C. Tan and James S. Ockey, who have played an important role in my development as a researcher and scholar. I am extremely grateful to Alexander Tan for his compelling criticisms and suggestions. I am grateful to James S. Ockey for his genuine interest and comments. Numerous readers and presentation questions helped me refine my arguments. Andrea Chole Wong, Dennis Quilala, Peter Neowkeke, Suthikarn Meechan, I would like to extend my thanks and gratitude for helping me along the way. Andrea Chloe Wong, Ossy, Dennis Quilala, Farid Idris, and Jack and Pascale Hatcher, thank you all so much for sharing the process and for making it brighter along the way. Thank you also for the friendship and care, for always having an encouraging word and/or for more dedicated comments and reviews of the chapters of my thesis. To my father and mother, thank you for everything you have done. I could not have done this without your endless supports. Finally, thanks and praise to you God Almighty who have chosen me and trained me through this ordeal. -
Manifesto Project Dataset List of Political Parties
Manifesto Project Dataset List of Political Parties [email protected] Website: https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/ Version 2020b from December 23, 2020 Manifesto Project Dataset - List of Political Parties Version 2020b 1 Coverage of the Dataset including Party Splits and Merges The following list documents the parties that were coded at a specific election. The list includes the name of the party or alliance in the original language and in English, the party/alliance abbreviation as well as the corresponding party identification number. In the case of an alliance, it also documents the member parties it comprises. Within the list of alliance members, parties are represented only by their id and abbreviation if they are also part of the general party list. If the composition of an alliance has changed between elections this change is reported as well. Furthermore, the list records renames of parties and alliances. It shows whether a party has split from another party or a number of parties has merged and indicates the name (and if existing the id) of this split or merger parties. In the past there have been a few cases where an alliance manifesto was coded instead of a party manifesto but without assigning the alliance a new party id. Instead, the alliance manifesto appeared under the party id of the main party within that alliance. In such cases the list displays the information for which election an alliance manifesto was coded as well as the name and members of this alliance. 2 Albania ID Covering Abbrev Parties No. Elections -
Japanese Electoral Politics: Reform, Results, and Prospects for the Future
Undergraduate Honors Program Political Science Japanese Electoral Politics: Reform, Results, and Prospects for the Future by Joe Michael Sasanuma submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements the degree of BA c copyright by Joe Michael Sasanuma 2004 Japanese Electoral Politics: Reform, Results, and Prospects for the Future Abstract This thesis explores the motives behind, changes made by, and the consequences of the Japan’s 1993 electoral reform that completely overhauled the electoral system. It begins with some background information that leads to the earth- shattering event in 1993 that ousted the ruling Liberal Democratic Party from power for the first time since 1955. Then it explains and analyzes the old and new electoral systems. Finally, it concludes with the analysis of the 2003 elec- tions, which was the third and latest election to be held under the new system. BOSTON COLLEGE JAPANESE ELECTORAL POLITICS: REFORM, RESULTS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE A SENIOR HONORS THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE HONORS PROGRAM OF THE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND THE COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES BY JOE M. MICHAEL SASANUMA April 2004 - 1 - Table of Contents Part I: Introduction 3 Chapter 1: The Lost Ten Years 4 Part II: Revolution, Realignment, and the Man Named Ozawa 12 Chapter 2: Money and Machine Politics 13 Chapter 3: Ozawa Ichiro’s Reform, Revolt, and Revolution 15 Chapter 4: Hosokawa’s Fall, LDP’s Return, and Ozawa Again 21 Chapter 5: Realignment 24 Part III: The Electoral System: Before and After 38 Chapter 6: The Medium Size Election -
Manifesto Project Dataset List of Political Parties
Manifesto Project Dataset List of Political Parties [email protected] Website: https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/ Version 2019a from August 21, 2019 Manifesto Project Dataset - List of Political Parties Version 2019a 1 Coverage of the Dataset including Party Splits and Merges The following list documents the parties that were coded at a specific election. The list includes the name of the party or alliance in the original language and in English, the party/alliance abbreviation as well as the corresponding party identification number. In the case of an alliance, it also documents the member parties it comprises. Within the list of alliance members, parties are represented only by their id and abbreviation if they are also part of the general party list. If the composition of an alliance has changed between elections this change is reported as well. Furthermore, the list records renames of parties and alliances. It shows whether a party has split from another party or a number of parties has merged and indicates the name (and if existing the id) of this split or merger parties. In the past there have been a few cases where an alliance manifesto was coded instead of a party manifesto but without assigning the alliance a new party id. Instead, the alliance manifesto appeared under the party id of the main party within that alliance. In such cases the list displays the information for which election an alliance manifesto was coded as well as the name and members of this alliance. 2 Albania ID Covering Abbrev Parties No. Elections -
Application of Theories of International Relations to Japanese Post-War Development
MASARYK UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL STUDIES Department of International Relations and European Studies Application of theories of international relations to Japanese post-war development Diploma thesis Michal Kolmaš Supervisor: PhDr. Pavel Pšeja, Ph.D. UČO: 182016 Field: International Relations Matriculation year: 2009 Brno 2010 2 I hereby profess that I have written the diploma thesis Application of theories of international relations to Japanese post-war development alone, using only literature and resources given in the list. Brno, April 10, 2010 Michal Kolmaš 3 Here, I would like to thank Dr. Pavel Pšeja for his guidance, consultations and advice he has provided me. Also, I would like to thank everyone who helped me in any way, especially my family and friends. 4 5 Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 7 2 Theoretical approach ............................................................................................................ 10 2.1. Neorealism ..................................................................................................................... 10 2.1.1. Traditional realism .................................................................................................. 10 2.1.2. Neorealism .............................................................................................................. 13 2.2. Neoliberalism ................................................................................................................ -
List of Political Parties
Manifesto Project Dataset List of Political Parties [email protected] Website: https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/ Version 2017a from July 27, 2017 Manifesto Project Dataset - List of Political Parties Version 2017a 1 Coverage of the Dataset including Party Splits and Merges The following list documents the parties that were coded at a specific election. The list includes the name of the party or alliance in the original language and in English, the party/alliance abbreviation as well as the corresponding party identification number. In the case of an alliance, it also documents the member parties it comprises. Within the list of alliance members, parties are represented only by their id and abbreviation if they are also part of the general party list. If the composition of an alliance has changed between elections this change is reported as well. Furthermore, the list records renames of parties and alliances. It shows whether a party has split from another party or a number of parties has merged and indicates the name (and if existing the id) of this split or merger parties. In the past there have been a few cases where an alliance manifesto was coded instead of a party manifesto but without assigning the alliance a new party id. Instead, the alliance manifesto appeared under the party id of the main party within that alliance. In such cases the list displays the information for which election an alliance manifesto was coded as well as the name and members of this alliance. 2 Albania ID Covering Abbrev Parties No. Elections -
Party Coding Units V1
INSTITUTE Party Coding Units v1 v1 - October 2020 Copyright © University of Gothenburg, V-Dem Institute All rights reserved Suggested citation Lührmann, Anna, Nils Düpont, Masaaki Higashijima, Yaman Berker Kavasoglu, Kyle L. Marquardt, Michael Bernhard, Holger Döring, Allen Hicken, Melis Laebens, Staffan I. Lindberg, Juraj Medzihorsky, Anja Neundorf, Ora John Reuter, Saskia Ruth–Lovell, Keith R. Weghorst, Nina Wiesehomeier, Joseph Wright, Nazifa Alizada, Paul Bederke, Lisa Gastaldi, Sandra Grahn, Garry Hindle, Nina Ilchenko, Johannes von Römer, Steven Wilson, Daniel Pemstein, and Brigitte Seim. 2020. “V–Dem Party Coding Units v1”. Varieties of Democracy (V–Dem) Project. Funders We are very grateful for our funders’ support over the years, which has made this venture possible. To learn more about our funders, please visit: https://www.v-dem.net/en/about/funders/ For questions [email protected] 1 Contents Usage Notes ................................................... 3 Africa ....................................................... 4 Northern Africa . 4 Algeria (103) . 4 Egypt (13) . 5 Libya (124) . 6 Morocco (90) . 7 Sudan (33) . 8 Tunisia (98) . 9 Western Africa . 10 Benin (52) . 10 Burkina Faso (54) . 12 Cape Verde (70) . 13 Ghana (7) . 14 Guinea (63) . 15 Guinea-Bissau (119) . 16 Ivory Coast (64) . 17 Liberia (86) . 18 Mali (28) . 19 Mauritania (65) . 20 Niger (60) . 21 Nigeria (45) . 22 Senegal (31) . 23 Sierra Leone (95) . 24 The Gambia (117) . 25 Togo (134) . 26 Middle Africa . 27 Angola (104) . 27 Cameroon (108) . 28 Central African Republic (71) . 29 Chad (109) . 30 Democratic Republic of the Congo (111) . 31 Equatorial Guinea (160) . 32 Gabon (116) . 33 Republic of the Congo (112) . 34 Sao Tome and Principe (196) . -
UNITED STATES SECURITIES and EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 18-K For Foreign Governments and Political Subdivisions Thereof ANNUAL REPORT of JAPAN (Name of Registrant) Date of end of last fiscal year: March 31, 2019 SECURITIES REGISTERED* (As of the close of the fiscal year) Amounts as to Names of Which Registration Exchanges on Title of Issue is Effective Which Registered N/A N/A N/A Names and addresses of persons authorized to receive notices and communications from the Securities and Exchange Commission: TOMOHIRO FUJIYAMA Ministry of Finance, Consulate General of Japan in New York 299 Park Avenue, 18th Floor New York, New York 10171 Copies to: KENJI HOSOKAWA Morrison & Foerster LLP Shin-Marunouchi Building 29th Floor 5-1, Marunouchi 1-chome Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-6529 Japan * The Registrant is filing this annual report on a voluntary basis. The information set forth below is to be furnished: 1. In respect of each issue of securities of the registrant registered, a brief statement as to: (a) The general effect of any material modifications, not previously reported, of the rights of the holders of such securities. Not applicable.* (b) The title and the material provisions of any law, decree or administrative action, not previously reported, by reason of which the security is not being serviced in accordance with the terms thereof. Not applicable.* (c) The circumstances of any other failure, not previously reported, to pay principal, interest, or any sinking fund or amortization installment. Not applicable.* 2. A statement as of the close of the last fiscal year of the registrant giving the total outstanding of: (a) Internal funded debt of the registrant. -
ASIA MAIOR Vol
ASIA MAIOR Vol. XXX / 2019 CENTRO STUDI PER I POPOLI EXTRA-EUROPEI “CESARE BONACOSSA” - UNIVERSITÀ DI PAVIA Foreword Torri, Mocci, Boni, Asia in 2019 XXX Essays 2019 S. Menegazzi, China 2019: Xi Jinping’s new era and the CPC’s agenda B. Onnis, China 2019: Xi Jinping’s summit diplomacy Boni (eds.) Nicola Mocci, Filippo Michelguglielmo Torri, tensions and authoritarian involution Asia in 2019: Escalating international ASIA MAIOR A. Berkofsky, Mongolia 2019: Crisis, obstacles & achievements Vol. XXX / 2019 M. Milani, Korean peninsula 2019: The year of missed opportunities G. Pugliese & S. Maslow, Japan 2019: Inaugurating a new era? A. Tritto & A. Abdulkadir, Hong Kong 2019: Anatomy of a social mobilisation through the lenses of identity and values Asia in 2019: A. Insisa, Taiwan 2019 and the 2020 elections: Tsai Ing-Wen’s Triumph Escalating international tensions S. Iglesias & L. Ordenes, The Philippines 2018-2019: Authoritarian consolidation under Duterte and authoritarian involution R. Graça Feijó, Timor-Leste 1945-2019: From an almost forgotten colony to the first democratic nation of the 21st century S. Saleem, Malaysia 2019: The politics of fear and UMNO’s renewed relevance N. Mocci, Vietnam 2019: Pursuing harmonious labour relations Edited by and consolidating its reliable international role M. Fumagalli, Myanmar 2019: «The Lady and the generals» redux? Michelguglielmo Torri D. Maiorano, India 2019: The general election and the new Modi wave Nicola Mocci M. Torri, India 2019: Assaulting the world’s largest democracy; Filippo Boni building a kingdom of cruelty and fear Y. Joshi, India 2019: Foreign policy dilemmas and their domestic roots M. Miele, Nepal 2019: Attempts at mediation in domestic and foreign policies M.