JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY, 21(3): 653Ð664, 2001

PORCELLIDIUM POOREI, A NEW SPECIES OF PORCELLIDIIDAE (COPEPODA: ) FROM SEAGRASS IN PORT PHILLIP BAY, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA, AND A REVIEW OF THE FAMILY

Genefor K. Walker-Smith

Crustacea Laboratory, Museum Victoria, GPO Box 666E, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia, and Zoology Department, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia

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ABSTRACT A new species of Porcellidiidae, Porcellidium poorei, is described from the seagrass beds of Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia. The validity of all genera of Porcellidiidae is discussed, and Mur- ramia, , Kioloaria, Kensakia, and Mucrorostrum are synonymised with Porcellidium. The family diagnosis is expanded. A key to the genera is provided.

The family Porcellidiidae Boeck, 1865, with Nomarski interference phase contrast and a drawing comprises 36 species in the genus Porcellid- tube. Scale bars are labelled with lower case letters that ium Claus, 1860, and relatively few others in correspond directly to the figure with the same letter. nine smaller genera (Harris, 1994; Harris and SYSTEMATICS Robertson, 1994; Harris and Iwasaki, 1996b; Porcellidiidae Boeck, 1865 Harris and Iwasaki, 1997). A survey of the Porcellidina Boeck, 1865: 279, 280. harpacticoid fauna of Port Phillip Porcellidiinae.—Brady, 1880: 4, 164. Bay, Victoria, Australia, revealed an unde- Porcellidiidae.—Sars, 1904: 74.—Lang, 1948: 417.— scribed species of Porcellidiidae living on the Harris and Robertson, 1994: 262.—Huys et al., 1996: seagrass Heterozostera tasmanica (Martens 304Ð306. ex Ascherson) den Hartog. The new species Remarks.—In the past, authorship of the Por- is most similar to taxa in the genus Murramia cellidiidae has been attributed to Sars, 1904 Harris, 1994, but as there are no autapomor- (Lang, 1948; Bodin, 1997) and Brady, 1880 phies defining Murramia, this genus is syn- (Huys and Boxshall, 1991; Huys et al., 1996). onymised with Porcellidium. One of the char- However, in Boeck’s (1865) diagnosis of Por- acter states originally used to define Mur- cellidina, which he established as one of the ramia was the presence of three setae on the eight “Afdelinger” within the family male P2 endopod-3, but this state is also Harpactidae, it is clear that he intended to re- found in Clavigofera Harris and Iwasaki, gard Porcellidium as the type of a new sub- 1996b, Kioloaria Harris, 1994, and Mucro- family (p. 251). Today, “Afdeling”, would be rostrum Harris and Iwasaki, 1997. The va- regarded as a family-group name, probably of lidity of these three genera along with the the rank of subtribe (with suffix -ina). In ac- other genera of Porcellidiidae are discussed. cordance with the Principle of Coordination The family diagnosis of Huys et al. (1996) applied to family-group names (ICZN Art. is emended and a key to the genera is pro- 36.1), Boeck (1865) should be considered as vided. the authority of the family Porcellidiidae as MATERIALS AND METHODS authorship and date remain unchanged at Seagrass, Heterozostera tasmanica, was collected by every rank. hand from shallow (50 cm deep) subtidal, sandy areas along Blairgowrie Beach, Victoria, Australia. Harpacti- Amendments to the Family-Level Diagnosis of coids were washed from the seagrass using fresh water, Huys et al. (1996).—In the most recent diag- then fixed in 4% buffered Formalin. After 48 h, Forma- nosis of the family, Huys et al. (1996) stated lin was washed from the samples, and harpacticoids were that the male P2 endopod-3 has two setae, but stored in 70% ethanol. Harpacticoids were dissected and mounted in glycerol. A Zeiss Stemi SV 11 dissecting mi- this is not always the case. The species of croscope was used and appendages were examined and Kioloaria, Murramia, Clavigofera, Mucro- drawn using an Olympus BX50 compound microscope rostrum, and Porcellidium ravanae Thomp-

653 654 JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, VOL. 21, NO. 3, 2001 son and A. Scott, 1903, possess three setae rostrum and the ‘naviculum’ subgroup (Har- (one serrulate spinose and two plumose) on ris and Robertson, 1994) of Porcellidium. The the male P2 endopod-3. Porcellidium trista- presence of three setae on the male P2 endo- nense Wiborg, 1964, and P. planum Tiemann, pod-3 is also seen in Clavigofera, Mucro- 1977, have four setae (one serrulate spinose and rostrum, Kioloaria, and Porcellidium ra- three plumose) on the male P2 endopod-3. vanae. As there are no unique apomorphies The endopod of the maxillule has six se- uniting the species within Murramia, I con- tae in all genera except Brevifrons Harris, sider it to be a synonym of Porcellidium. 1994, and Mucrorostrum, where only two se- Acutiramus Harris and Robertson, 1994, tae are found. This character state also needs contains five species. Originally the genus to be added to the diagnosis of Porcellidiidae was established on the basis of the rhomboid- Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jcb/article/21/3/653/2679746 by guest on 28 September 2021 written by Huys et al. (1996). shaped caudal rami (with oblique terminal border and apical fourth seta) and fifth legs The Validity of Genera.—There are ten nom- (P5) that are long and wrap beyond the cau- inal genera of Porcellidiidae whose validity dal rami. However, the genus Kioloaria also has been questioned by Huys et al. (1996). possesses these character states. Kioloaria In the absence of autapomorphies to distin- was distinguished from Acutiramus because guish them, several of these genera need to the male P2 endopod-3 of Acutiramus has two be synonymised with Porcellidium. All gen- setae, and in Kioloaria it has three. These two era of Porcellidiidae except Porcellidium genera could be united with shared character have been described by Harris and co-work- states being the shape of the caudal rami and ers (see Harris, 1994; Harris and Robertson, the length of P5, but if this was the case Por- 1994; Harris and Iwasaki, 1996b; Harris and cellidium ravanae and Kensakia would also Iwasaki, 1997). Harris and Robertson (1994) have to be included in the group as they also identified seven character states they believed have rhomboid-shaped caudal rami. However, to be diagnostic at the generic level. Only one the fifth limbs (P5) of P. ravanae and Ken- of these character states (the absence of a hya- sakia do not touch each other. Porcellidium line border on the cephalothorax) is an au- ravanae has male P2 endopod-3 with three tapomorphy. One of the character states listed setae and Kensakia has male P2 endopod-3 (male P5 with one terminal seta) does not with two setae. Although the rhomboid- seem to occur in any described Porcellidiidae. shaped caudal rami could be used to unite The three characters most frequently used to these four taxa into a single genus, I don’t be- separate species into new genera were: the lieve there is sufficient evidence to support presence or absence of a ventral blade on the this. There are no other shared character male antennule; the presence of two or three states, and the setation of the caudal rami setae on the male P2 endopod-3; and the max- varies between these taxa. On the caudal rami illule endopod with two or six setae. How- of Acutiramus and Kioloaria setae 2 and 3 are ever, as these character states are shared be- present; seta 3 is missing in P. ravanae, and tween several genera they cannot be used as setae 2 and 3 are missing in Kensakia. I be- evidence for creating new genera. It would lieve Acutiramus, Kioloaria, and Kensakia appear for the most part, that Harris and his are synonyms of Porcellidium. Kensakia was colleagues based the description of new gen- a monotypic genus. era on a unique combination of characters Mucrorostrum is a monotypic genus de- rather than on autapomorphies. fined on the presence of only two setae on the Genera Synonymised with Porcellidium.— maxillule endopod and three setae on the Murramia contains two species. In the orig- male P2 endopod-3. While this is a unique inal diagnosis Harris (1994) characterised the combination of character states, these states genus by the absence of a ventral blade on the are found in other genera. The presence of male antennule and the presence of three se- only two setae on the maxillule endopod is tae on the male P2 endopod-3. While the found in Brevifrons, and the presence of three combination of these character states is setae on the male P2 endopod-3 is found in unique, the character states themselves are Clavigofera, Murramia, and Kioloaria. The not. The ventral blade is absent in Clav- male of Mucrorostrum did exhibit the unusual igofera, Kensakia Harris and Iwasaki, 1997, feature of having a pointed rostrum and a Kushia Harris and Iwasaki, 1996b, Mucro- cephalothorax that was not truncated, but I WALKER-SMITH: A NEW SPECIES OF PORCELLIDIUM FROM AUSTRALIA 655 believe this to be a species-level difference unique to this genus; thus, I see no reason to and thus synonymise the genus with Porcel- synonymise it. lidium. KEY TO THE GENERA OF PORCELLIDIIDAE Other Valid Genera.—Brevifrons is a mono- 1. Cephalothorax with dorsal pits...... 2 typic genus characterised by the absence of Ð Cephalothorax without dorsal pits, instead surface dorsal pits on the cephalothorax and the pres- covered with honeycomb-like pattern of raised ence of a honeycomb-like pattern of raised ridges ...... Brevifrons Harris, 1994 2. Caudal rami with terminal setae 1Ð4 evenly spaced, ridges. The cephalothorax of the female is pinnately lanceolate, and identical in size and shape; truncated, and its ventrally directed rostrum striated lateral patch on urosome ...... is obscured, character states usually associ- ...... Clavigofera Harris and Iwasaki, 1996b Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jcb/article/21/3/653/2679746 by guest on 28 September 2021 ated with males. These character states are Ð Caudal rami with terminal setae 1Ð4 not evenly spaced, and of different sizes and shapes. Seta 2 unique within the Porcellidiidae, and the and/or 3 may be missing; no striated lateral patch genus is therefore maintained. Harris (1994) on urosome ...... 3 also defined the genus on the presence of only 3. Male antennule with conspicuous comb on acces- two setae on the endopod of the maxillule, sory lobe; γ seta of female caudal rami inserted ven- but this state is shared with Mucrorostrum trally ...... Kushia Harris and Iwasaki, 1996b Ð Male antennule without conspicuous comb on ac- and thus cannot be considered as a generic cessory lobe; γ seta of female caudal rami inserted character state. laterally...... 4 Tectacingulum Harris, 1994, which con- 4. Cephalothorax without true hyaline border. Ventral tains two species, lacks a true hyaline border border with sensory setae present ...... Tectacingulum Harris, 1994 to the cephalothorax. According to Harris Ð Cephalothorax with true hyaline border. Ventral bor- (1994: 338) the “lateral border of the der absent ...... Porcellidium Claus, 1860 cephalothorax has migrated ventrally to form a new ventral border (which contains sensory Porcellidium Claus, 1860 setae)”, resulting in the disappearance of the Thyone Philippi, 1840: 190 (preoccupied). true hyaline fringe. This autapomorphy sup- Porcellidium Claus, 1860: 6.—Lang, 1948: 417.—Pal- ports validity of the genus. lares, 1968: 49.—Tiemann, 1975: 16–24.—Harris and Robertson, 1994: 262.—Harris and Iwasaki, 1996a: Clavigofera, containing five species, has 135–137.—Huys et al., 1996: 304. two distinctive autapomorphies, the presence Acutiramus Harris and Robertson, 1994: 288, 289. of lateral striations on the urosome, and cau- Murramia Harris, 1994: 313. dal rami with evenly spaced, identical, pin- Kioloaria Harris, 1994: 323, 324. Kensakia Harris and Iwasaki, 1997: 136. nately lanceolate terminal setae. This type of Mucrorostrum Harris and Iwasaki, 1997: 140. seta differs from the slender pinnate setae of other species as the pinnules arise from a Diagnosis.—Anterior of female cephalotho- clear lateral expansion of the shaft. This rax semicircular, in male generally truncated; genus is valid. hyaline border and dorsal pits present; male Kushia, containing three species, is defined antennule without comb attached to accessory by the presence of a wide leaf-like ventral ex- lobe; male antennule with or without ventral pansion of the female P5 that lies under the blade; maxillule endopod with 2 or 6 setae, lateral edge of the urosome, the insertion of exopod with 1 or 2 setae; P1 endopod-1 with the γ seta on the ventral side along the bev- denticle field small or absent, exopod-1 with elled lateral edge of the caudal ramus, and the crescentic denticle field rarely absent; male presence of a conspicuous comb on the ac- P2 endopod-3 with 2, 3, or 4 setae; female P5 cessory lobe of the male antennule. Harris and with 0, 1, or 2 setae terminally, 1 seta sub- Iwasaki (1996b) stated that this comb is terminally, distal ends of P5 rarely touch pos- clearly visible whether the antennule dactyl teriorly; male P5 with 6 setae, first seta may is open or closed, and it is attached to the base differ from others; caudal rami rectangular, of the accessory lobe and associated δ seta. rhomboidal, or pentagonal, α and β setae gen- It should not be confused with the proximal erally far apart but may be close together, coupling denticle (a curved comb-like claw) terminal setae on caudal rami not all alike, of male Porcellidium ofunatense Harris and seta 2 and seta 3 sometimes absent in females, Iwasaki, 1996a, P. kiiroum Harris and seta 3 sometimes absent in males, γ setae of Iwasaki, 1996a, or P. akashimum Harris and caudal rami not inserted ventrally; urosome Iwasaki, 1996a. These character states are all without striated lateral patch. 656 JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, VOL. 21, NO. 3, 2001

Species Composition.—Porcellidium viride Porcellidium poorei, new species (Philippi, 1840); P. tenuicauda Claus, 1860; Figs. 1Ð5 P. fimbriatum Claus, 1860; P. ovatum Haller, Material Examined.—Holotype. Ovigerous female, 1879; P. fulvum G. M. Thomson, 1883; P. J47078. Collected from seagrass, Heterozostera tasman- interruptum G. M. Thomson, 1883; P. le- ica, in 50 cm of water at Blairgowrie Beach, Port Phillip canoides Claus, 1889; P. acuticaudatum Bay, Victoria (38¡21′S, 144¡47′E), 21 November 1997, Thompson and A. Scott, 1903; P. brevicau- by G. Walker-Smith. Allotype. Adult male, J47079. Allotype collected with datum Thompson and A. Scott, 1903; P. ra- holotype. vanae Thompson and A. Scott, 1903; P. affine Paratypes. J47080 (female, slide), J47081 (male, slide), Quidor, 1906; P. charcoti Quidor, 1906; P. J47082 (male, slide), J47083 (13 females, 9 juvenile fe- scotti Pesta, 1935; P. sarsi Bocquet, 1948; P. males, 11 males). Paratypes collected with holotype. Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jcb/article/21/3/653/2679746 by guest on 28 September 2021 malleatum Vervoort, 1964; P. tristanense Wi- All type material is held in Museum Victoria. borg, 1964; P. rubrum Pallares, 1966; P. trise- Diagnosis.—Adult female: Colour unknown; tosum Geddes, 1968; P. unicus Ummerkutty, urosome with small lateral notch; P1 exo- 1970; P. dilatatum Hicks, 1971; P. erythrum pod-1 with 2 crescentic rows of denticles; P2 Hicks, 1971; P. planum Tiemann, 1977; P. endopod-1 with long plumose seta broad at hartmannorum Tiemann, 1978; P. algoense base; P4 endopod-2 with 1 serrate spinose Hicks, 1982; P. tapui Hicks and Webber, seta; P5 with 1 terminal seta. Adult male: 1983; P. paguri Ho, 1986; P. londonii Har- Colour unknown; anterior outline of ceph- ris, 1994; P. hormosirii Harris and Robertson, alothorax sharply truncated; urosome with 1994; P. erythrogastrum Harris and Robert- single apical setule; antennule without ven- son, 1994; P. ocellum Harris and Robertson, tral blade; P1 as for female; P2 endopod-1 1994; P. phyllosporum Harris and Robert- with 1 long plumose seta, broad at base; P5 son, 1994; P. pulchrum Harris and Robertson, first terminal seta not different from remain- 1994; P. naviculum Harris and Robertson, ing 5, all with bipinnate lateral border; cau- 1994; P. rufolineatus (Harris and Robert- dal rami long, rectangular, seta 4 present on son, 1994), comb. nov.; P. quinquelineatus medial corner. (Harris and Robertson, 1994), comb. nov.; P. magna (Harris, 1994), comb. nov.; P. bicincta Adult Dimensions.—Females: Mean length (Harris, 1994), comb. nov.; P. sesquimacu- (including rostrum) 0.81 ± 0.02 mm (n = 10), lata (Harris, 1994), comb. nov.; P. ofunatense cephalothorax width 0.46 ± 0.01 mm (n = 10). Harris and Iwasaki, 1996a; P. kiiroum Harris Males: Mean length 0.62 ± 0.01 mm (n = 8), and Iwasaki, 1996a; P. akashimum Harris and cephalothorax width 0.35 ± 0.01 mm (n = 8). Iwasaki, 1996a; P. similis Kim and Kim, 1996; P. aoifuchidorum Harris and Iwasaki, Description.—Holotype, adult female. (Fig. 1997; P. aiiroa (Harris and Iwasaki, 1997), 1A). Anterior outline of cephalothorax semi- comb. nov.; P. yoroium (Harris and Iwasaki, circular. Rostrum prominent, convex, with 1997), comb. nov.; P. poorei n. sp. hyaline edge. Dorsal surface of cephalotho- rax, epimera, urosome, P5, and caudal rami Remarks.—Five genera, Acutiramus, Mur- conspicuously pitted. Dorsal surface of ramia, Kioloaria, Kensakia, and Mucro- cephalothorax with 6 pores. Urosome with rostrum are now considered to be junior syn- small lateral notch. Cephalothorax with hya- onyms of Porcellidium as no autapomorphies line frill. could be identified to define them as indi- Antennule (Fig. 2A) 6-segmented, with vidual genera. As there are no unique apo- aesthetasc on segments 4 and 6. Most setae morphies uniting the species of Porcellidium annulate. Segment 1 with single plumose seta (sensu stricto), a cladistic analysis will not and marginal hairs. provide any more information about Porcel- Antenna (Fig. 3A) basis rectangular, with lidium and the five genera I believe to be ju- 2 rows of surface spinules. Endopod segment nior synonyms, and thus it must be recog- 1 with marginal spinule; segment 2 with small nised that these separate genera cannot be jus- smooth seta, 1 pectinate spatulate claw, 3 tified on phylogenetic criteria. The total unipinnate geniculate setae, 1 plumose seta, number of Porcellidium species described is and 1 spinulose seta terminally, 3 plumose se- now 46. tae and 1 smooth seta medially, row of spi- WALKER-SMITH: A NEW SPECIES OF PORCELLIDIUM FROM AUSTRALIA 657 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jcb/article/21/3/653/2679746 by guest on 28 September 2021

Fig. 1. Porcellidium poorei, new species. Holotype (female) J47078: A, habitus, dorsal view. Dorsal pits not illus- trated; B, P5; C, caudal rami. Allotype (male) J47079: D, habitus; E, P5; F, caudal ramus. Scale: a, d = 0.2 mm; b = 0.06 mm; c, e, f = 0.05 mm. nules proximally, and several margin spi- spinulose setae, short row of spinules on me- nules. Exopod 1-segmented, with 3 plumose dial surface of exopod. setae laterally and 1 spinulose and 2 plumose Mandible and palp (Fig. 3B) of usual form. setae terminally, 2 small spines at base of Anterior lobe with 4 pilose bulbous setae. 658 JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, VOL. 21, NO. 3, 2001 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jcb/article/21/3/653/2679746 by guest on 28 September 2021

Fig. 2. Porcellidium poorei, new species. Holotype (female) J47078: A, antennule; D, rostrum, dorsal view. Allo- type (male) J47079: B, rostrum and antennule, dorsal view; C, antennule ventral view. Scale = 0.05 mm. WALKER-SMITH: A NEW SPECIES OF PORCELLIDIUM FROM AUSTRALIA 659 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jcb/article/21/3/653/2679746 by guest on 28 September 2021

Fig. 3. Porcellidium poorei, new species. Holotype (female) J47078: A, antenna; B, mandible. Paratype (female) J47080: C, maxillule; D, maxilla; E, maxilliped. Paratype (male) J47082: F, basis of mandible. Scale = 0.05 mm. 660 JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, VOL. 21, NO. 3, 2001

Posterior lobe with 1 annulate seta and 5 pi- P4 (Fig. 5B) exopod-1, -2 and -3 with bi- lose setae swollen basally. Exopod with 6 pi- pinnate spines on lateral margins, spinules on lose and 3 annulate setae and 1 small smooth upper margin of spine larger than those on seta. lower margin; endopod-1 with 1 plumose Paragnaths not drawn. seta, endopod-2 with 1 serrate spinose seta; Maxillule (Fig. 3C) arthrite with 8 apical endopod-3 with 1 serrate spinose seta and 3 and 2 subapical fringed spines, row of spi- plumose setae. nules medially. Coxa with 5 plumose setae. Armature formula for swimming legs: Basis with 2 endites, 4 plumose setae on each. Exopod Endopod Endopod with 6 spinulose setae. Exopod with P1 0.0.123 1.2 2 spinulose setae. P2 1.1.223 1.2.121 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jcb/article/21/3/653/2679746 by guest on 28 September 2021 Maxilla (Fig. 3D) syncoxa with 3 endites. P3 1.1.323 1.2.221 Proximal endite (with 3 setae) indistinctly di- P4 1.1.323 1.1.121 vided from second (with 2 setae). Third en- P5 (Fig. 1B) with 1 midlateral seta, 1 sub- dite with 2 plumose setae. Allobasis with 1 terminal seta and 1 terminal seta. short stout, articulated, spiniform seta and 1 Caudal ramus (Fig. 1C) rectangular, spinulose seta terminally. Endopod indis- slightly wider terminally. α seta smooth, tinctly 2-segmented, bearing 2 spinulose and quarter way down ramus, towards lateral mar- 2 denticulate setae. gin. β seta smooth, close to terminal and lat- Maxilliped (Fig. 3E) weakly subchelate. eral margins. Terminal seta 1 pinnate, setae Syncoxa broad, with single pinnate seta. Ba- 2 and 3 smooth, close together. Seta 4 pin- sis produced into fimbriate process fringed nate, set on medial corner. Terminal fringe with hairs along inner margins of basis and of fine setules present. syncoxa. Endopod 2-segmented, with 1 spi- Allotype, adult male (Fig. 1D). Anterior nose simple seta and 1 geniculate seta on en- margin of cephalothorax sharply truncated, dopod-1 and 2 spinose geniculate setae on en- not obtusely pointed in midline. Hyaline frill dopod-2. and dorsal pits as for female. Dorsal surface P1 (Fig. 4A) coxa with small seta. Outer of cephalothorax with 8 pores. Urosome with basal seta swollen and pilose. Endopod 2-seg- single apical setule. mented, proximal segment large and triangu- Caudal rami (Fig. 1F) short, setation as for lar, with long pilose seta inserted proximally, female. small field of denticles on outer margin and Antennule (Fig. 2C) 5-segmented, haplo- 2 crescentic rows of fine setae distally. En- cer, aesthetasc on segments 3 and 5, without dopod-2 with 2 lamellate (or unipinnate) ventral blade on segment 3. Most setae an- claws terminally. Exopod 3-segmented; exo- nulate. pod-1 with 2 semicircular rows of denticles Mandible (Fig. 3F) similar to that of fe- and 1 pilose seta, exopod-2 with 1 pilose seta, male, but with innermost seta on anterior lobe exopod-3 with 1 spinulose and 1 plumose seta (anterior lobe derived from basis) reduced. and 4 pilose setae. Intercoxal sclerite broad P1, P3, P4 as for female. but it has not been illustrated. P2 (Fig. 4C) endopod-1 with long plumose P2 (Fig. 4B) exopod-1, -2 and -3 with bi- seta broad at base, endopod-2 with 2 plumose pinnate spines on lateral margins, spinules on setae, endopod-3 with 1 serrate spinose and upper margin of spine larger than those on 2 plumose setae. lower margin; endopod-1 with long plumose P5 (Fig. 1E) first terminal seta not differ- seta broad at base, endopod-2 with 2 plumose ent from other 5, all with bipinnate lateral setae, endopod-3 with 1 serrate spinous seta border. and 3 plumose setae. P3 (Fig. 5A) exopod-1, -2 and -3 with bi- Remarks.—This is the sixteenth species of pinnate spines on lateral margins, spinules on Porcellidiidae described from southeastern upper margin of spine larger than those on Australia and the first from Victoria. This lower margin; endopod-1 with 1 plumose species is most similar to Porcellidium magna seta, endopod-2 with 1 serrate spinose and 1 (Harris, 1994) and P. bicincta (Harris, 1994) plumose seta; endopod-3 with 1 serrate sabre- (species previously in the genus Murramia) like seta and 4 plumose setae. but differs in the following ways. The mean WALKER-SMITH: A NEW SPECIES OF PORCELLIDIUM FROM AUSTRALIA 661 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jcb/article/21/3/653/2679746 by guest on 28 September 2021

Fig. 4. Porcellidium poorei, new species. Holotype (female) J47078: A, P1; B, P2. Allotype (male) J47079: C, P2 endopod. Scale = 0.1 mm. 662 JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, VOL. 21, NO. 3, 2001 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jcb/article/21/3/653/2679746 by guest on 28 September 2021

Fig. 5. Porcellidium poorei, new species. Paratype (female) J47080: A, P3; B, P4. Scale = 0.1 mm. WALKER-SMITH: A NEW SPECIES OF PORCELLIDIUM FROM AUSTRALIA 663 length of P. poorei (female, including ros- Geddes, D. C. 1968. Marine biological investigations trum) is 0.81 mm, compared to 1.38 mm for in the Bahamas. 7. Harpacticoid belonging to the families Porcellidiidae Sars, Peltidiidae Sars and P. magna and 1.07 mm for P. bicincta. Por- Tegastidae Sars.—Sarsia 35: 9–56. cellidium poorei has P1 exopod-1 with 2 cres- Haller, G. 1879. Vorläufige Diagnosen einiger Peltidien centic rows of denticles. Denticles are also Australia Messina.—Zoologischer Anzeiger 2: 178Ð180. found on P1 exopod-1 of P. magna and P. Harris, V. A. P. 1994. New species belonging to the fam- ily Porcellidiidae (Harpacticoida: Copepoda) from Ki- bicincta but in a crescentic mass, not in two oloa, New South Wales, Australia.—Records of the rows. The seta on the female P2 endopod-1 Australian Museum 46: 303Ð340. is twice as long in P. poorei as in P. magna ———, and N. Iwasaki. 1996a. Three new species of and P. bicincta. This seta is plumose in P. Porcellidium (Crustacea, Copepoda, Harpacticoida) poorei and P. bicincta but is unipinnate in P. from Iwate Prefecture, Japan.—Bulletin of the National Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jcb/article/21/3/653/2679746 by guest on 28 September 2021 Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A 22: 133Ð152. magna. The P4 endopod-2 has one serrate ———, and ———. 1996b. Two new genera belonging spinose seta in P. magna and P. poorei but one to the family Porcellidiidae (Crustacea, Copepoda, smooth seta in P. bicincta. The P5 of female Harpacticoida) from Iwate Prefecture, Japan.—Bulletin P. poorei has only one terminal seta, but those of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A 22: 199Ð218. of P. magna and P. bicincta have two termi- ———, and ———. 1997. A new species of Porcellid- nal setae. The shape of the anterior margin ium and two new genera belonging to the family Por- of the cephalothorax of the male is also sig- cellidiidae (Crustacea, Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from nificantly different between the three species. Iwate Prefecture, Japan.—Bulletin of the National Sci- The anterior outline of the cephalothorax of ence Museum, Tokyo, Series A 23: 131Ð147. ———, and H. M. Robertson. 1994. New species belong- P. poorei is much more truncated than for the ing to the family Porcellidiidae (Harpacticoida: Cope- other species. The urosome of male P. magna poda) from the southern coast of New South Wales, Aus- and P. poorei has a single apical setule, and tralia.—Records of the Australian Museum 46: 257Ð301. that of P. bicincta has two. The P5 (male) first Hicks, G. R. F. 1971. Some littoral harpacticoid cope- pods, including five new species, from Wellington, New terminal seta does not differ from the re- Zealand.—New Zealand Journal of Marine and Fresh- maining five in P. poorei, but in the two other water Research 5: 86Ð119. species this seta is slender and unipinnate. ———. 1982. Porcellidiidae and Peltidiidae (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from the marine algae of St. Croix Is- Etymology.—For my Ph.D. supervisor Dr. land, Algoa Bay, South Africa.—Zoological Journal of Gary C. B. Poore. the Linnean Society 75: 49Ð90. ———, and W. R. Webber. 1983. Porcellidium tapui, Distribution.—In the intertidal and subtidal new species (Copepoda: Harpacticoida), associated seagrass beds of Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, with hermit crabs from New Zealand, with evidence of great morphological variability and a dimorphic Australia. male.—Journal of Crustacean Biology 3: 438–453. Ho, J.-s. 1986. Harpacticoid copepods of the genera ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Sunaristes and Porcellidium associated with hermit I thank Gary Poore and an anonymous reviewer for crabs in Japan.—Annual Report of the Sado Marine Bi- their helpful comments on this manuscript. I also thank ology Station, Niigata University 16: 21Ð38. Melissa Storey for proofreading the manuscript. Huys, R., and G. A. Boxshall. 1991. Copepod Evolution. The Ray Society 159. 468 pp. ———, J. M. Gee, C. G. Moore, and R. Hamond. 1996. LITERATURE CITED Marine and Brackish Water Harpacticoid Copepods, Bocquet, C. 1948. Recherches sur les Porcellidium Part 1. Field Studies Council, Shrewsbury. 352 pp. (Copépodes) de Roscoff.—Archives de Zoologie Ex- Kim, S. H., and W. Kim. 1996. Two species of Porcel- perimentale et Générale 85: 237–259. lidiidae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) associated with her- Bodin, P. 1997. 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Buenos Aires 27: 1Ð125. mostraken.—Marburg 1: 1Ð28. Pesta, O. 1935. Marine Harpacticiden aus dem Hawai- ———. 1889. Copepoden Studien. 1 Helft: Peltidien. ischen Inselgebiet.—Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung Hölder, Wien. 50 pp. für Systematik 65: 363–379. 664 JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, VOL. 21, NO. 3, 2001

Philippi, A. 1840. Zoologische Bemerkungen. Archiv für ———. 1977. Porcellidium planum n. sp. dem Felsli- Naturgeschichte 16: 181Ð195. toral Moçambiques (Copepoda, Harpacticoida).—Mit- Quidor, A. 1906. Sur les Copépodes recueillis par la mis- teilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Mu- sion Jean Charcot dans les mers antarctiques.—Bulletin seum und Institut 74: 69Ð76. du Muséum nationale d’Histoire naturelle 12: 27–33. ———. 1978. Porcellidium peniculiferum n. sp. und Sars, G. O. 1904. Copepoda Harpacticoida. Parts V & Porcellidium hartmannorum n. sp. aus dem Felslitoral VI. Harpacticidae (concluded), Peltidiidae, Tegastidae, der südwestafrikanischen Küste (Copepoda, Harpacti- Porcellidiidae, Idyidae (part). An account of the Crus- coida).—Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zool- tacea of Norway, with short descriptions and figures ogischen Museum und Institut 75: 235Ð248. of all species 5: 57Ð80. Ummerkutty, A. N. P. 1970. Studies on Indian copepods. Thompson, I. C., and A. Scott. 1903. Report on the 10. Descriptions of Parapeltidium nichollsi sp. n., Por- Copepoda collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, cellidium unicus sp. n. and Echinolaophonte tropica sp.

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