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V o l. XL V. • ( p ACIff MAGAZINE. MAR 23 10.2° , „ te• S. In the Canadian R kir,. - teNlYiti a a • rste 1ri• • • • • tOOCdhat- • Z. 121 04r fRibmpartitr ifiaga3itte CONDUCTED BY ALEXANDER HUME FORD Volume XLV Number 3 CONTENTS FOR MARCH, 1933 • 202 Art Section—Pacific America (Photographs by A. Nielen) - • A Remarkable Intermittent Spring 217 0 By Dr. Nora!, D. Stearns • 219 . Mexico's New Schools v By Katherine M. Cook a_31 -t A Holiday in Fiji 225 By T. B. Booth i On to Peru 229 By Alexander Hume Ford The Status of Women in Nicaragua 237 By Dr. Luis Manuel Debayle • Making Filipino History in Hawaii 241 By Otilio Gorospe Dunedin, New Zealand 255 Lake Eyre: The Great Salt Lake of Central Australia - - 259 By H. 0. Fletcher A Sixteen Months' Tour of China . 263 By William Kavai Fong Yap ..-: - - - 273 Hawaiian-Island English—An Unexplored Field - g By John E Reinecke - - - 279 • The Handicaps of a Filipino in Assimilating English • By Trinidad R. Rojo • Bulletin of the Pan-Pacific Union, New Series, No. 157 - - 281 . ED Zile J, et-fat-Mr i' 1: agazint Published monthly by ALEXANDER HUME FORD, Pan-Pacific Club Building, Honolulu, T. H. Yearly sub- scription in the United States and possessions, $3.00 in advance. Canada and Mexico, $3.25. For all foreign countries, $3.50. Single Copies, 25c. ,..,--, Entered as second-class matter at the Honolulu Postoffice. ■!. Permission is given to reprint any article from the Mid-Pacific Magazine. .:- • 9iviivr&viiv iviiv Rfilviwnv iv 11.72 7.N.sw.sim • • •w• • •,mip4oftwiiA11144044qxv • • __ . 202 THE MID - PACIFIC 4.4 4 H co a) O Er) 0 4-) O 0 O a) (i) 4 E-4 H • O 0 a) C-4 4-3 0 ca 0 O 0) I> 4-) 40 0 •,-1 O 4-) •f-I cd r-I rd ai glc 0 ai f-■ O 0 U) 0 I 4i 0 0 ,0 03 0 4-) o a) 4-4 H%II" 0 -r-1 ----TAN- E #1414r.,4 a) FA 0:{ 'Ti 0 H is F-1 • cd a) 0 4-) g 9-4 •0 4+ 0 -0 0 rui O O 0 0 4, 4-4 dig 4) a) 0 E-A 4-) THE MID-PACIFIC 203 • On the reservations in New Mexico, comprising about 4,700,000 acres, live some 21,000 Indians. Although the major function of the medicine societies is to cure and prevent sickness, they also exercise a profound influence on the political life of the pueblo. This is "Medicine Deer Archuleta" of Taos Pueblo, New Mexico. • 204 THE MID-PACIFIC rd • 0 ri V cr) H 0) a) -P rd ul • F-1 cd p o H • e44 o • 7:3 „C ca) .0 cd • 0 O -P cd O cd • • -4-) cd cd •ri (1) 4-) .1-4 .11-1 Ad 4-4 • U) O cd „0 +) 4-1 F-1 O0 r0 Ca 0 4-) (1) '0 0 0 a) cd 04 O (I) U O TS g O F-s 4-1 cd • Y, a) tr) cd -P O 0 Uri •ri lan X 0 (1) r•-■ U) (1) 4 1,-4 4-) • THE MID-PACIFIC 205 rti cd ti) a) any •--i • n-I 0 4-I t> 0 g 0 • F-i a) CD F3o g g 4-) cri Cd F.-■ 4 4-)40 1-1 0 0 cd 0.) 0 4 F-1 I 4 O a) 4-) 0 4 0 E-1 4-> a) a) 0 0 • ro o ca a) N U) r1 ✓ l 4- O 0 O nn 0 4-3 • 4-1 a) 0 a) 0 ,c1 cD a) f-t cd 0 ftH 173 cd cd • 0) U) H L"a 4-3 • a) a) • 0.) CD CD 4-4 • b..0 0 cd O N ri C cd rl 4-I ti 0 a) 4 4-) .ta E C, •ri 1:1) CS H 0 cd g r-1 0 PI 0 ai C.) a) H0 206 THE MID-PACIFIC ,,.., ''.-t':. 1.t',',W• ....... .:..,:.:.. ,0, ..:., ..'':....::...,4+:. :,.::.• .:v..:,:.i. .*:-*: This old pine at Big Bear, battling for its very life, clear- ly shows the effects of many a struggle with the gales and storms that sweep through the California mountains in the winter. THE MID-PACIFIC 207 The highest and lowest points in the United States lie within 80 miles of each other in California, where Mt. Whitney, tow- ering to a height of 14,500 feet, overlooks Death Valley, whose greatest depression is 276 feet below sea level. • 208 THE MID-PACIFIC O a) o4 Cf) -P 4-4 0 0 0-P fi ti 4 3 Cfl O 9-1 •ri VI 0 a) Ca -P •-i a) 0 c-, 41 .4-1 cd Pc. cd - 0 cd -cs O 0 cti 4 e a) a) 0 FA .0 0 4-) O •4-1 1-1 .0 a) • cd "0 O c-1 cd ca4 • cn rn 4-) 0 0 to cd P-t 0 O 0 -r-1 4-t 0 c4-i O FA '0 co a) 4 • rn t—I -i 0 0 r1 Ll c4-4 0 0 0 • H 04 49 0 m H E cd THE MID-PACIFIC 209 On the great desert stretches on both sides of the Rio Grande grow many forms of drought resisting vegetation. Among them is the yucca, or Spanish bayonet, with its white and purple striped blossoms. Its stalk reaches a height of from 20 to 25 feet. • 210 THE MID--PACIFIC 4-) 0 • O a) e4-1 tad) aS • ;-1 4 0 cd o fa, ra. r-i • 0 a) 4-) r0 rd aS u.) xba) 0 4-) 0 to a) rd rl al r-I al O 40 c•-.1 ai u) a) 0 4 4-) 4-) 0 4-) o rl a) •ri F-1 0 al PI 4.) raq • a) co ,4 0 4-) O a) c.) f-1 O a) XI 4 O Ell 0 H 4-t ✓l F-1 -P 4-1 <4 THE MID-PACIFIC 211 The Grand Canyon of the Colorado is, at least geologically speaking, the most remarkable region on earth, showing on a mighty scale the clearest examples of erosion, and presenting vertical sections of vast extent, unmasked by vegetation. 212 THE MID-PACIFIC Columbia River Highway, starting at Portland, Oregon, and running eastward along the river, is one of the monumental feats of highway engineering. Wahke-nah Falls as shown above is an example of the marvelous scenery along the way. THE MID-PACIFIC 213 Plunging downwards from a great crag, some 600 feet high, Multnomah Falls on the Columbia River is perhaps the most fa- mous of the many wonderful expressions of nature along this historic river. 214 THE MID-PACIFIC Colorado, world famous for its scenic grandeur, lies on the great watershed of the continent. Some of the canyons of its many rivers such as the Big Thompson, are from 1,000 to 3,000 feet in depth. THE MID-PACIFIC 215 The average altitude of Wyoming is greater than in any other state. Only a few small valleys lie below 4,000 feet; vast plateaus lie between 6,000 and 7,000 feet, while many moun- tain peaks tower nearly 14,000 feet above sea level. Sho- shone Canyon is pictured here. 216 THE MID-PACIFIC Near the mouth of "The Geyser", an intermittent spring in Wyoming which flows for about twenty minutes and then for about the same period of time is dry. The same view as above taken two minutes later. The flow is less in cold weather and almost continuous during the season of melting snows. (Photographs by H.T. Stearns). THE MID-PACIFIC 217 •...iv,.i ,..,..„..,„„.„...„„.......).,• •fi,„,„7.,,„,m,„.,7„Kinv.,,,„,,,,,,„,,,,,n,,,K7,,, K. A Remarkable Intermittent X. Spring E. • By DR. NORAH D. STEARNS F., • ■,-KI eractretrehtsiram .nuclucluniini • • Lnenthallaucd • • • /nun/ • High up in a niche on the side of a accumulates in an underground limestone steep cliff is a remarkable spring that cavern which has an outlet at this point. for about twenty minutes flows as a The cavern is probably an irregular- beautiful cascade down to the creek be- shaped room—or two rooms at different low, and then for about the same pe- levels—in the form of a siphon which re- riod of time is completely dry. This quires approximately twenty minutes to ebbing and flowing spring, known as prime and about the same length of time "The Geyser," is located on the south to empty. When the weather is cold and bank of Swift Creek, about seven miles very little water is available the discharge by trail northeast of Afton, Wyoming. of the spring is small, and hence the pe- One travels two miles above the mouth riod of time of flow is shorter. The of the canyon by automobile. The rest period of repose when the "rooms" are of the way is made on horse or on foot filling is correspondingly longer. When along one of the main forest service the snows melt in the spring and sum- trails following the north bank of Swift mer and the water is plentiful the spring Creek. At the place near where the is reported to discharge continuously and spring emerges one fords the stream and to lose for a time its intermittent char- then climbs 200 feet up the dry bed of acter. the cascade between the times of erup- Two stories are told about the discov- tion of the spring.