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Molecular Data and the Evolutionary History of Dinoflagellates by Juan Fernando Saldarriaga Echavarria Diplom, Ruprecht-Karls-Un
Molecular data and the evolutionary history of dinoflagellates by Juan Fernando Saldarriaga Echavarria Diplom, Ruprecht-Karls-Universitat Heidelberg, 1993 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES Department of Botany We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA November 2003 © Juan Fernando Saldarriaga Echavarria, 2003 ABSTRACT New sequences of ribosomal and protein genes were combined with available morphological and paleontological data to produce a phylogenetic framework for dinoflagellates. The evolutionary history of some of the major morphological features of the group was then investigated in the light of that framework. Phylogenetic trees of dinoflagellates based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU) are generally poorly resolved but include many well- supported clades, and while combined analyses of SSU and LSU (large subunit ribosomal RNA) improve the support for several nodes, they are still generally unsatisfactory. Protein-gene based trees lack the degree of species representation necessary for meaningful in-group phylogenetic analyses, but do provide important insights to the phylogenetic position of dinoflagellates as a whole and on the identity of their close relatives. Molecular data agree with paleontology in suggesting an early evolutionary radiation of the group, but whereas paleontological data include only taxa with fossilizable cysts, the new data examined here establish that this radiation event included all dinokaryotic lineages, including athecate forms. Plastids were lost and replaced many times in dinoflagellates, a situation entirely unique for this group. Histones could well have been lost earlier in the lineage than previously assumed. -
COMPARISON of HEMOLYTIC ACTIVITY of Amphidinium Carterae and Amphidinium Klebsii
ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION OF TOXIN PRODUCTION: COMPARISON OF HEMOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF Amphidinium carterae AND Amphidinium klebsii Leigh A. Zimmermann A Thesis Submitted to University of North Carolina Wilmington in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Center for Marine Science University of North Carolina Wilmington 2006 Approved by Advisory Committee ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ Chair Accepted by _____________________________ Dean, Graduate School This thesis was prepared according to the formatting guidelines of the Journal of Phycology. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES......................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... viii INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1 METHODS AND MATERIALS.....................................................................................................6 Algal Culture........................................................................................................................6 -
Babesia Species
Laboratory diagnosis of babesiosis Babesia species Basic guidelines A. Capillary blood should be obtained by fingerstick, or venous blood should be obtained by venipuncture. B. Blood smears, at least two thick and two thin, should be prepared as soon as possible after col- lection. Delay in preparation of the smears can result in changes in parasite morphology and staining characteristics. In Babesia infections, infected red blood cells (rbcs) are normal in size. Typically rings are seen, and they may be vacuolated, pleomorphic or pyriform. Extracellular or tetrad-forms may also be present. Unlike Plasmodium spp., Babesia organisms lack pigment. Rings Rings of Babesia spp. have delicate cytoplasm and are often pleomorphic. Infected rbcs are not enlarged; multiple infection of rbcs can be common. Rings are usually vacuolated and do not produce pigment. Oc- casional classic tetrad-forms (Maltese Cross) or extracellular rings can be present. Rings of Babesia sp. in thick blood smears. Thin, delicate rings of Babesia sp. in a Babesia sp. in a thin blood smear, Thin blood smear showing a cluster of thin blood smear. showing pleomorphic rings and multiply- extracellular rings. infected rbcs. Laboratory diagnosis of babesiosis Babesia species Babesia microti in a thin blood smear. Note Babesia microti in thin blood smears. Notice the vacuolated and pleomorphic rings and multi- the classic “Maltese Cross” tetrad-form in ply-infected rbcs. Notice also there is no pigment present in any of the parasites. the infected rbc in the lower part of the image. Babesia sp. in a thin blood smear stained with Giemsa, showing pleomorphic rings and Babesia sp. -
Cryptosporidium and Water
Cryptosporidium and Water: A Public Health Handbook 1997 WG WCWorking Group on Waterborne Cryptosporidiosis Suggested Citation Cryptosporidium and Water: A Public Health Handbook. Atlanta, Georgia: Working Group on Waterborne Cryptosporidiosis. CDCENTERS FOR DISEASEC CONTROL AND PREVENTION For additional copies of this handbook, write to: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Infectious Diseases Division of Parasitic Diseases Mailstop F-22 4770 Buford Highway N.E. Atlanta, GA 30341-3724 CONTENTS Executive Summary Introduction 1- Coordination and Preparation 2- Epidemiologic Surveillance 3- Clinical Laboratory Testing 4- Evaluating Water Test Results Drinking Water Sources, Treatment, and Testing Environmental Sampling Methods Issuing and Rescinding a Boil Water Advisory 5- Outbreak Management Outbreak Assessment News Release Information Frequently Asked Questions Protocols for Special Audiences and Contingencies 6- Educational Information Preventing Cryptosporidiosis: A Guide for Persons With HIV and AIDS Preventing Cryptosporidiosis: A Guide for the Public Preventing Cryptosporidiosis: A Guide to Water Filters and Bottled Water 7- Recreational Water Appendix Selected Articles Key Words and Phrases Figures A-F Index Working Group on Waterborne Cryptosporidiosis (WGWC) Daniel G. Colley and Dennis D. Juranek, Coordinators, WGWC Division of Parasitic Diseases (DPD) National Center for Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Scott A. Damon, Publications Coordinator, WGWC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Margaret Hurd, Communications Coordinator, WGWC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Mary E. Bartlett, DPD Editor, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Leslie S. Parker, Visual Information Specialist, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Task Forces and Other Contributors: The draft materials for this handbook were developed through the work of multiple task forces and individuals whose names appear at the beginning of each chapter/section. -
Patrons De Biodiversité À L'échelle Globale Chez Les Dinoflagellés
! ! ! ! ! !"#$%&'%&'()!(*+!&'%&,-./01%*$0!2&30%**%&%!&4+*0%&).*0%& ! 0$'1&2(&3'!4!5&6(67&)!#2%&8)!9!:16()!;6136%2()!;&<)%=&3'!>?!@&<283! ! A%'=)83')!$2%! 45&/678&,9&:9;<6=! ! A6?% 6B3)8&% ()!7%2>) >) '()!%.*&>9&?-./01%*$0!2&30%**%&%!&4+*0%&).*0%! ! ! 0?C)3!>)!(2!3DE=)!4! ! @!!"#$%&'()*(+,%),-*$',#.(/(01.23*00*(40%+"0*(23*5(0*'( >A86B?7C9??D;&E?78<=68AFG9;&H7IA8;! ! ! ! 06?3)8?)!()!4!.+!FGH0!*+./! ! ;)<283!?8!C?%I!16#$6='!>)!4! ! 'I5&*6J987&$=9I8J!0&%!G(&=3)%!K2%>I!L6?8>23&68!M6%!N1)28!01&)81)!O0GKLN0PJ!A(I#6?3D!Q!H6I2?#)RS8&!! !!H2$$6%3)?%! 3I6B5&K78&37J?6J;LAJ!S8&<)%=&3'!>)!T)8E<)!Q!0?&==)! !!H2$$6%3)?%! 'I5&47IA87&468=I9;6IJ!032U&68)!V66(67&12!G8368!;6D%8!6M!W2$()=!Q!"32(&)! XY2#&823)?%! 3I6B5&,7I;&$=9HH788J!SAFZ,ZWH0!0323&68!V66(67&[?)!>)!@&(()M%281D)R=?%RF)%!Q!L%281)! XY2#&823)?%! 'I5&*7BB79?9&$A786J!;\WXZN,A)(276=J!"LHXFXH!!"#$%"&'"&(%")$*&+,-./0#1&Q!L%281)!!! !!!Z6R>&%)13)?%!>)!3DE=)! 'I5&)6?6HM78&>9&17IC7;J&SAFZ,ZWH0!0323&68!5&6(67&[?)!>)!H6=16MM!Q!L%281)! ! !!!!!!!!!;&%)13)?%!>)!3DE=)! ! ! ! "#$%&#'!()!*+,+-,*+./! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Remerciements* ! Remerciements* A!l'issue!de!ce!travail!de!recherche!et!de!sa!rédaction,!j’ai!la!preuve!que!la!thèse!est!loin!d'être!un!travail! solitaire.! En! effet,! je! n'aurais! jamais! pu! réaliser! ce! travail! doctoral! sans! le! soutien! d'un! grand! nombre! de! personnes!dont!l’amitié,!la!générosité,!la!bonne!humeur%et%l'intérêt%manifestés%à%l'égard%de%ma%recherche%m'ont% permis!de!progresser!dans!cette!phase!délicate!de!«!l'apprentiGchercheur!».! -
Redalyc.Impact of Increasing Water Temperature on Growth
Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía ISSN: 0717-3326 [email protected] Universidad de Valparaíso Chile Aquino-Cruz, Aldo; Okolodkov, Yuri B. Impact of increasing water temperature on growth, photosynthetic efficiency, nutrient consumption, and potential toxicity of Amphidinium cf. carterae and Coolia monotis (Dinoflagellata) Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía, vol. 51, núm. 3, diciembre, 2016, pp. 565-580 Universidad de Valparaíso Viña del Mar, Chile Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=47949206008 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía Vol. 51, Nº3: 565-580, diciembre 2016 DOI 10.4067/S0718-19572016000300008 ARTICLE Impact of increasing water temperature on growth, photosynthetic efficiency, nutrient consumption, and potential toxicity of Amphidinium cf. carterae and Coolia monotis (Dinoflagellata) Impacto del aumento de temperatura sobre el crecimiento, actividad fotosintética, consumo de nutrientes y toxicidad potencial de Amphidinium cf. carterae y Coolia monotis (Dinoflagellata) Aldo Aquino-Cruz1 and Yuri B. Okolodkov2 1University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, European Way, Waterfront Campus, SO14 3HZ, Southampton, Hampshire, England, UK. [email protected] 2Laboratorio de Botánica Marina y Planctología, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquerías, Universidad Veracruzana, Calle Hidalgo 617, Col. Río Jamapa, Boca del Río, 94290, Veracruz, México. [email protected] Resumen.- A nivel mundial, el aumento de la temperatura en ecosistemas marinos podría beneficiar la formación de florecimientos algales nocivos. Sin embargo, la comprensión de la influencia del aumento de la temperatura sobre el crecimiento de poblaciones nocivas de dinoflagelados bentónicos es prácticamente inexistente. -
And Toxoplasmosis in Jackass Penguins in South Africa
IMMUNOLOGICAL SURVEY OF BABESIOSIS (BABESIA PEIRCEI) AND TOXOPLASMOSIS IN JACKASS PENGUINS IN SOUTH AFRICA GRACZYK T.K.', B1~OSSY J.].", SA DERS M.L. ', D UBEY J.P.···, PLOS A .. ••• & STOSKOPF M. K .. •••• Sununary : ReSlIlIle: E x-I1V\c n oN l~ lIrIUSATION D'Ar\'"TIGENE DE B ;IB£,'lA PH/Re El EN ELISA ET simoNi,cATIVlTli t'OUR 7 bxo l'l.ASMA GONIJfI DE SI'I-IENICUS was extracted from nucleated erythrocytes Babesia peircei of IJEMIiNSUS EN ArRIQUE D U SUD naturally infected Jackass penguin (Spheniscus demersus) from South Africo (SA). Babesia peircei glycoprotein·enriched fractions Babesia peircei a ele extra it d 'erythrocytes nue/fies p,ovenanl de Sphenicus demersus originoires d 'Afrique du Sud infectes were obto ined by conca navalin A-Sepharose affinity column natulellement. Des fractions de Babesia peircei enrichies en chromatogrophy and separated by sod ium dodecyl sulphate glycoproleines onl ele oblenues par chromatographie sur colonne polyacrylam ide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE ). At least d 'alfinite concona valine A-Sephorose et separees par 14 protein bonds (9, 11, 13, 20, 22, 23, 24, 43, 62, 90, electrophorese en gel de polyacrylamide-dodecylsuJfale de sodium 120, 204, and 205 kDa) were observed, with the major protein (SOS'PAGE) Q uotorze bandes proleiques au minimum ont ete at 25 kDa. Blood samples of 191 adult S. demersus were tes ted observees (9, 1 I, 13, 20, 22, 23, 24, 43, 62, 90, 120, 204, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assoy (ELISA) utilizing B. peircei et 205 Wa), 10 proleine ma;eure elant de 25 Wo. -
Unfolding the Secrets of Coral–Algal Symbiosis
The ISME Journal (2015) 9, 844–856 & 2015 International Society for Microbial Ecology All rights reserved 1751-7362/15 www.nature.com/ismej ORIGINAL ARTICLE Unfolding the secrets of coral–algal symbiosis Nedeljka Rosic1, Edmund Yew Siang Ling2, Chon-Kit Kenneth Chan3, Hong Ching Lee4, Paulina Kaniewska1,5,DavidEdwards3,6,7,SophieDove1,8 and Ove Hoegh-Guldberg1,8,9 1School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; 2University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia; 3School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; 4The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; 5Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; 6School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; 7Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; 8ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia and 9Global Change Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia Dinoflagellates from the genus Symbiodinium form a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with reef- building corals. Here we applied massively parallel Illumina sequencing to assess genetic similarity and diversity among four phylogenetically diverse dinoflagellate clades (A, B, C and D) that are commonly associated with corals. We obtained more than 30 000 predicted genes for each Symbiodinium clade, with a majority of the aligned transcripts corresponding to sequence data sets of symbiotic dinoflagellates and o2% of sequences having bacterial or other foreign origin. -
The Planktonic Protist Interactome: Where Do We Stand After a Century of Research?
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/587352; this version posted May 2, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Bjorbækmo et al., 23.03.2019 – preprint copy - BioRxiv The planktonic protist interactome: where do we stand after a century of research? Marit F. Markussen Bjorbækmo1*, Andreas Evenstad1* and Line Lieblein Røsæg1*, Anders K. Krabberød1**, and Ramiro Logares2,1** 1 University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (Evogene), Blindernv. 31, N- 0316 Oslo, Norway 2 Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, ES-08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain * The three authors contributed equally ** Corresponding authors: Ramiro Logares: Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Phone: 34-93-2309500; Fax: 34-93-2309555. [email protected] Anders K. Krabberød: University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (Evogene), Blindernv. 31, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Phone +47 22845986, Fax: +47 22854726. [email protected] Abstract Microbial interactions are crucial for Earth ecosystem function, yet our knowledge about them is limited and has so far mainly existed as scattered records. Here, we have surveyed the literature involving planktonic protist interactions and gathered the information in a manually curated Protist Interaction DAtabase (PIDA). In total, we have registered ~2,500 ecological interactions from ~500 publications, spanning the last 150 years. -
University of Oklahoma
UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE MACRONUTRIENTS SHAPE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES, GENE EXPRESSION AND PROTEIN EVOLUTION A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By JOSHUA THOMAS COOPER Norman, Oklahoma 2017 MACRONUTRIENTS SHAPE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES, GENE EXPRESSION AND PROTEIN EVOLUTION A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY AND PLANT BIOLOGY BY ______________________________ Dr. Boris Wawrik, Chair ______________________________ Dr. J. Phil Gibson ______________________________ Dr. Anne K. Dunn ______________________________ Dr. John Paul Masly ______________________________ Dr. K. David Hambright ii © Copyright by JOSHUA THOMAS COOPER 2017 All Rights Reserved. iii Acknowledgments I would like to thank my two advisors Dr. Boris Wawrik and Dr. J. Phil Gibson for helping me become a better scientist and better educator. I would also like to thank my committee members Dr. Anne K. Dunn, Dr. K. David Hambright, and Dr. J.P. Masly for providing valuable inputs that lead me to carefully consider my research questions. I would also like to thank Dr. J.P. Masly for the opportunity to coauthor a book chapter on the speciation of diatoms. It is still such a privilege that you believed in me and my crazy diatom ideas to form a concise chapter in addition to learn your style of writing has been a benefit to my professional development. I’m also thankful for my first undergraduate research mentor, Dr. Miriam Steinitz-Kannan, now retired from Northern Kentucky University, who was the first to show the amazing wonders of pond scum. Who knew that studying diatoms and algae as an undergraduate would lead me all the way to a Ph.D. -
A Parasite of Marine Rotifers: a New Lineage of Dinokaryotic Dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae)
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Marine Biology Volume 2015, Article ID 614609, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/614609 Research Article A Parasite of Marine Rotifers: A New Lineage of Dinokaryotic Dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae) Fernando Gómez1 and Alf Skovgaard2 1 Laboratory of Plankton Systems, Oceanographic Institute, University of Sao˜ Paulo, Prac¸a do Oceanografico´ 191, Cidade Universitaria,´ 05508-900 Butanta,˜ SP, Brazil 2Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 7, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark Correspondence should be addressed to Fernando Gomez;´ [email protected] Received 11 July 2015; Accepted 27 August 2015 Academic Editor: Gerardo R. Vasta Copyright © 2015 F. Gomez´ and A. Skovgaard. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Dinoflagellate infections have been reported for different protistan and animal hosts. We report, for the first time, the association between a dinoflagellate parasite and a rotifer host, tentatively Synchaeta sp. (Rotifera), collected from the port of Valencia, NW Mediterranean Sea. The rotifer contained a sporangium with 100–200 thecate dinospores that develop synchronically through palintomic sporogenesis. This undescribed dinoflagellate forms a new and divergent fast-evolved lineage that branches amongthe dinokaryotic dinoflagellates. 1. Introduction form independent lineages with no evident relation to other dinoflagellates [12]. In this study, we describe a new lineage of The alveolates (or Alveolata) are a major lineage of protists an undescribed parasitic dinoflagellate that largely diverged divided into three main phyla: ciliates, apicomplexans, and from other known dinoflagellates. -
A Comparative Genomic Study of Attenuated and Virulent Strains of Babesia Bigemina
pathogens Communication A Comparative Genomic Study of Attenuated and Virulent Strains of Babesia bigemina Bernardo Sachman-Ruiz 1 , Luis Lozano 2, José J. Lira 1, Grecia Martínez 1 , Carmen Rojas 1 , J. Antonio Álvarez 1 and Julio V. Figueroa 1,* 1 CENID-Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Jiutepec, Morelos 62550, Mexico; [email protected] (B.S.-R.); [email protected] (J.J.L.); [email protected] (G.M.); [email protected] (C.R.); [email protected] (J.A.Á.) 2 Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP565-A Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico; [email protected] * Correspondence: fi[email protected]; Tel.: +52-777-320-5544 Abstract: Cattle babesiosis is a socio-economically important tick-borne disease caused by Apicom- plexa protozoa of the genus Babesia that are obligate intraerythrocytic parasites. The pathogenicity of Babesia parasites for cattle is determined by the interaction with the host immune system and the presence of the parasite’s virulence genes. A Babesia bigemina strain that has been maintained under a microaerophilic stationary phase in in vitro culture conditions for several years in the laboratory lost virulence for the bovine host and the capacity for being transmitted by the tick vector. In this study, we compared the virulome of the in vitro culture attenuated Babesia bigemina strain (S) and the virulent tick transmitted parental Mexican B. bigemina strain (M). Preliminary results obtained by using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) showed that out of 27 virulence genes described Citation: Sachman-Ruiz, B.; Lozano, and analyzed in the B.