DOCSLIB.ORG

World Bank Document

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
World Bank Document Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK Public Disclosure Authorized Third Regional Development Project Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized February 19, 2015 1. Preface The present Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is an integral part of the Operations Manual of the Municipal Development Fund of Georgia (MDF) prepared for the purposes of implementing the World Bank-supported Third Regional Development Project (RDP III). The ESMF identifies a range of required environmental and social management measures that need to be taken during the planning, design, and construction and operation phases of RDP III, in order to ensure compliance with the national legislation and the World Bank’s safeguard policies. This ESMF provides general policies, guidelines, codes of practice and procedures to be integrated into the implementation of the Project. It lays out steps-by-step instructions for environmental screening, classifying, appraising, approving and monitoring individual subprojects under RDP III. The ESMF also overviews environmental and social policies and legal framework of Georgia and safeguard policies of the World Bank; includes institutional and capacity assessment related to environmental and social risk management; and describes the principles, objectives and approach to be followed while designing site-specific environmental mitigation measures. 2. Project Context Following four years (2008-2012) of rapid growth, backed by far-reaching reforms and strong financial investment inflows, Georgia experienced a sharp economic downturn resulting from the August 2008 conflict and the global financial crisis. The authorities responded to the downturn with a countercyclical fiscal stimulus coupled with a marked reallocation of public expenditures toward social and infrastructure investments. As economic recovery takes hold, driven by higher exports and private investment, the authorities are winding down the stimulus and implementing fiscal adjustment to safeguard sustainability. As part of its economic recovery efforts, the Government has launched several initiatives to attract private investors in selected regions (Tbilisi, Adjara, Imereti, Kakheti). Tourism has been identified as a source of growth, and Georgia has not yet fully tapped its potential to promote sustainable tourism in promising regions, such as Mtskheta-Mtianeti and Samtskhe-Javakheti, or transform the economy through investment in tourism and agriculture supply chains for both export and import substitution. There is also a need for skills development in order to provide the skilled labor needed for a growing economy and increased productivity. The Government of Georgia has asked the World Bank to support regional development by applying a vertical programmatic approach. The proposed program of interventions will emphasize tourism and agro-processing as two key pillars and drivers of economic growth. Two similar projects are currently being led by the MDF in Imereti and Kakheti regions. 2 3. Development Objective, Expected Results, and Design of the Regional Development Project III A. Proposed Development Objective The Project Development Objective is to improve infrastructure services and institutional capacity to support the development of tourism-based economy and cultural heritage circuits in the Samtskhe-Javakheti and Mtskheta-Mtianeti regions. Result indicators include: Infrastructure Services: Increased hours per day of piped water delivery in project areas Improved access roads to selected tourism attraction sites. Tourism Economy: Increased volume of private sector investments in targeted areas. Increased hotel beds in circuit areas Institutional Capacity: Increased tourism points of sales (tourism related enterprises, e.g., total number of museums, sites improved, hotels, family and guest houses, restaurants, site ticket offices, etc.) Establishment of two regional destination management offices for sustainability The proposed sites/subprojects considered for financing under the Project can be grouped into two categories: Urban regeneration in the cities of Dusheti, Kazbegi and Abastumani as well as small- scale incremental investments in in Mtskheta, Gudauri, Bakuriani, Borjomi and Akhalsekhi. Additional investments in Akhalkalaki, Ninosminda and Khevsureti may also be financed. Improved site management and construction of tourism facilities and access roads for nine cultural heritage sites: Saphara Monastery, Saro Church and Darbazi houses, Zarzma Monastery, Vani Caves, Khertvisi Fortress, Akhalkalaki Castle, Ananuri Fortress, Gergeti Trinity Church and Shatili. B. Project Design RDP III comprises of two components: Component 1: Infrastructure Investment (US$55 million, IBM) Component 1.1: Urban Regeneration and Circuit Development (US$45 million). This component will finance: urban regeneration, including old towns and villages (under screening and selection), restoration of building facades, public spaces, museums, roads and water, and enhancement of cultural and natural heritage sites, including access and presentation. Based on product development and marketing potential, infrastructure needs, and employment levels, the Project will focus on sites along the circuit connecting the selected heritage, nature and ski sites. Component 1.2: Provision of Public Infrastructure to Attract Private Investments (US$10 million). To encourage private sector investments in the region, this component is to support a selected number of private sector entities in project areas which show interest and capacity to 3 invest in tourism or agribusiness, seeking complementary public infrastructure necessary to make their investments viable (e.g., public facilities within vicinity of the investments, road/sidewalk, water/sanitation, communications, connection to main circuit route etc.). Component 2: Institutional Development (US$5 million, IBRD) Institutional capacity and performance of the Georgia National Tourism Administration (GNTA), Agency for Culture Heritage Preservation of Georgia (ACHP), National Museum, MDF and other local and regional entities to carry out the following activities: destination management and promotion, including local outreach campaign; marketing and promotion; skilled workforce development and capacity building; feasibility studies, design, construction supervision and sustainable site management of cultural heritage; and performance monitoring & evaluation activities. Total Project Cost The Government of Georgia has requested the financing of $60 million from the World Bank for implementing RDP III. The total Project cost is $ 75 million and includes $15 million funding from the Government of Georgia. The Project will be implemented by the MDF. 4. Institutional and Legal Framework 4.1 Institutional Framework This section outlines the implementation arrangements of RDP III. Section provides guiding principles for implementers and partners. Municipal Development Fund of Georgia The MDF is the Implementing Agency for the Project and will be responsible for all aspects of its day-to-day management, including its adherence to the present ESMF. Environmental and social governance under RDP III will be exercised by the MDF through its Environment and Resettlement Safeguards Unit. The Environmental and Resettlement Safeguards Unit comprises the following staff units: Head of the Unit, three (3) Environmental Specialists, two (2) Resettlement Specialists, one (1) Social&Gender Specialist and one (1) Safety Specialist. The responsibilities of the Head of Safeguards Unit are the following: Lead the implementation of environmental policies and practices; Ensure compliance with IFIs’ environmental policies and the national environmental legislation; Control quality and adequacy of environmental and social screening reports to ensure that no subproject is accepted for further processing if it falls under environmental category A and/or if it may adversely change the quality or quantity of water in the international waterways, or be affected by the other riparians’ possible water use; Participate in the screening of public-private investment proposals to ensure that selected ones fully meet environmental and social eligibility criteria; Review and ensure quality of Subproject Appraisal Reports (SARs), Environmental and Social Review (ESR) reports, Environmental Management Plans (EMPs), and Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) produced by the MDF staff; 4 Ensure due involvement of the Safeguards Unit staff into all operations of MDF that require inputs related to safeguard policy application; Evaluate environmental performance under the MDF-implemented activities and ensuring quality of reporting on the application of safeguard policies to internal and external clients and regulatory bodies; Alert the MDF management on significant issues revealed through monitoring of safeguards performance of contractors and recommending remedial action; Ensure disclosure of safeguards documents according to the guiding principles set forth in ESMF and Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF); coordinate consultation with stakeholders on ESRs, EMPs, RAPs, and any environmental and social aspects of the MDF’s activities that affected people may be interested in; and take decision on the incorporation of public feedback into safeguards documents. One environmental specialist is fully involved in the process of preparation, implementation and monitoring of all subprojects under RDP III
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Short History of Georgian Architecture
    A SHORT HISTORY OF GEORGIAN ARCHITECTURE Georgia is situated on the isthmus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. In the north it is bounded by the Main Caucasian Range, forming the frontier with Russia, Azerbaijan to the east and in the south by Armenia and Turkey. Geographically Georgia is the meeting place of the European and Asian continents and is located at the crossroads of western and eastern cultures. In classical sources eastern Georgia is called Iberia or Caucasian Iberia, while western Georgia was known to Greeks and Romans as Colchis. Georgia has an elongated form from east to west. Approximately in the centre in the Great Caucasian range extends downwards to the south Surami range, bisecting the country into western and eastern parts. Although this range is not high, it produces different climates on its western and eastern sides. In the western part the climate is milder and on the sea coast sub-tropical with frequent rains, while the eastern part is typically dry. Figure 1 Map of Georgia Georgian vernacular architecture The different climates in western and eastern Georgia, together with distinct local building materials and various cultural differences creates a diverse range of vernacular architectural styles. In western Georgia, because the climate is mild and the region has abundance of timber, vernacular architecture is characterised by timber buildings. Surrounding the timber houses are lawns and decorative trees, which rarely found in the rest of the country. The population and hamlets scattered in the landscape. In eastern Georgia, vernacular architecture is typified by Darbazi, a type of masonry building partially cut into ground and roofed by timber or stone (rarely) constructions known as Darbazi, from which the type derives its name.
    [Show full text]
  • Acceptance and Rejection of Foreign Influence in the Church Architecture of Eastern Georgia
    The Churches of Mtskheta: Acceptance and Rejection of Foreign Influence in the Church Architecture of Eastern Georgia Samantha Johnson Senior Art History Thesis December 14, 2017 The small town of Mtskheta, located near Tbilisi, the capital of the Republic of Georgia, is the seat of the Georgian Orthodox Church and is the heart of Christianity in the country. This town, one of the oldest in the nation, was once the capital and has been a key player throughout Georgia’s tumultuous history, witnessing not only the nation’s conversion to Christianity, but also the devastation of foreign invasions. It also contains three churches that are national symbols and represent the two major waves of church building in the seventh and eleventh centuries. Georgia is, above all, a Christian nation and religion is central to its national identity. This paper examines the interaction between incoming foreign cultures and deeply-rooted local traditions that have shaped art and architecture in Transcaucasia.1 Nestled among the Caucasus Mountains, between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, present-day Georgia contains fewer than four million people and has its own unique alphabet and language as well as a long, complex history. In fact, historians cannot agree on how Georgia got its English exonym, because in the native tongue, kartulad, the country is called Sakartvelo, or “land of the karvelians.”2 They know that the name “Sakartvelo” first appeared in texts around 800 AD as another name for the eastern kingdom of Kartli in Transcaucasia. It then evolved to signify the unified eastern and western kingdoms in 1008.3 Most scholars agree that the name “Georgia” did not stem from the nation’s patron saint, George, as is commonly thought, but actually comes 1 This research addresses the multitude of influences that have contributed to the development of Georgia’s ecclesiastical architecture.
    [Show full text]
  • Tsutsu Sciencem E C N I E R E B a № 6, DECEMBER, 2014Dekemberi/2014/6
    TSUTsu SCIENCEm e c n i e r e b a № 6, DECEMBER, 2014dekemberi/2014/6 IVANE JAVAKHISHVILI TBILISI STATE UNIVERSITY ISSN 2233-3657 9 772233 365003 Exhibition of rare books from the TSU library Erasmus of Rotterdam, Talks in Amsterdam, 1526 The Book of Hours, Kutaisi Typography, 1808 Gospel, Moscow Synod Typography, 1828 Georgian alphabet with prayers, Rome, 1629 TSU SCIENCE CONTENTS TSU SCIENCE • 2 0 1 4 7% 93% 7% 18% • THE COMET 26% 17 2011 2012 2013 EXPERIMENT AT 74% J-PARC: A STEP 82% 93% TOWARDS SOLVING TSU – A Brief Overview 3 THE MUON ENIGMA OF SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY AND26% GRANTS Over 200 scientific projects are 74% presently being implemented at 28• THE GERMAN WAY OF LIFE IN THE CAUCASUS TSU. 31• THE IVIRON MONASTERY DURING THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE • 6 TWENTY YEARS OF JOINT RESEARCH 21• THE ECOLOGICAL 10• INTERFACIAL BIONANO- CONDITION OF 34• LAFFER-KEYNESIAN SCIENCE AT TBILISI THE BLACK SEA – SYNTHESIS AND STATE UNIVERSITY: ASSESSMENTS BY TSU MACROECONOMIC ACHIEVEMENTS AND SCIENTISTS EQUILIBRIUM PERSPECTIVES FOR GEORGIA 13• THE IMPACT OF MAD- NEULI MINING ON THE SOIL AND WATER OF THE BOLNISI REGION 39• THE STOCK MARKET IN GEORGIA: THE CURRENT REALITY AND AN UNCERTAIN FUTURE 25• FOOD AND VEGETATION IN KARTLI IN THE 5th-4th CC BC: FINDINGS ON GRAKLIANI HILL TSU CONTENTS SIENCEC Scientific-Popular Journal №6, 2014 Editorial Board: Vladimer Papava – Rector, Academician of the Georgian Na- • • tional Academy of Sciences, Chairman of the Editorial Board 41 T OHE R LE OF SOCIAL 52 EPIZOOTIC Levan Aleksidze – Deputy Rector, Academician of the
    [Show full text]
  • Report on the Implementation of the State Strategy for Civic Equality And
    GOVERNMENT OF GEORGIA STATE INTER-AGENCY COMMISSION OFFICE OF THE STATE MINISTER OF GEORGIA FOR RECONCILIATION AND CIVIC EQUALITY REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE STRATEGY FOR CIVIC EQUALITY AND INTEGRATION AND 2016 ACTION PLAN FEBRUARY 2017 1 Office of the State Minister of Georgia for Reconciliation and Civic Equality Address: 3/5 G. Leonidze Street, Tbilisi 0134 Telephone: (+995 32) 2923299; (+995 32) 2922632 Website: www.smr.gov.ge E-mail: [email protected] 2 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ I. EQUAL AND FULL PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AND POLITICAL LIFE .......................................................................... 5 SUPPORTING SMALL AND VULNERABLE ETHNIC MINORITY GROUPS ........................................................... 5 GENDER MAINSTREAMING ...................................................................................................................... 7 IMPROVING ACCESS TO STATE ADMINISTRATIONS, LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES AND MECHANISMS FOR REPRESENTATIVES OF EHTNIC MINORITIES .............................................................................................. 9 PROVIDING EQUAL ELECTORAL CONDITIONS FOR ETHNIC MINORITY VOTERS .......................................... 12 PROVIDING ACCESS TO MEDIA AND INFORMATION ................................................................................ 16 II. CREATING EQUAL SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES ..................................................
    [Show full text]
  • TERMS of REFERENCE Consultancy Service for Project Results Monitoring & Evaluation for the Third Regional Development Projec
    TERMS OF REFERENCE Consultancy Service for Project Results Monitoring & Evaluation Section 1.Backgroundfor the Third Regional Development Project (RDP3) The Government of Georgia with World Bank are co-financing is implementing a US$75 million Third Regional Development Project (RDP3), focusing on Samtskhe-Javakheti and Mtskheta-Mtianeti during the period of 2015-2019. The Project Development Objective is to improve infrastructure services and institutional capacity to support increased contribution of tourism in the local economy of the Samtskhe-Javakheti and Mtskheta- Mtianeti regions. The project aims at addressing challenges identified during the project preparation period and follows integrated approach to urban and tourism development. Through its various components the project is expected to lead to improved urban and tourist infrastructure, enhanced cultural heritage assets and increased capacity for tourism-based local economic development in these two regions. The economic benefits linked to the above are multiple, such as improved urban infrastructure, including public spaces, streetscapes and municipal roads, improved urban liveability and increased safety of movement for locals. At the same time, these investments are expected to make selected municipalities better places to visit and more attractive places to invest, promoting private investment and increasing income generating opportunities in the project area. Cultural heritage enhancements will lead to the preservation of global public goods, but are also expected to lead to increased willingness to visit/pay for tourist and increased property prices in neighbouring areas. The proposed investments are aligned with the regional development strategies, prepared with technical assistance from EU for Mtskheta-Mtianeti and by GiZ for Samtskhe-Javakheti.
    [Show full text]
  • Municipal Services Development Project
    Report and Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors Sri Lanka Project Number: 43171 July 2009 Proposed Loan Georgia: Municipal Services Development Project - Phase 2 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 29 June 2009) Currency Unit – lari (GEL) GEL1.00 = $0.605455 $1.00 = GEL1.651650 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank ADF – Asian Development Fund CSO – civil society organization CWRD – Central and West Asia Department EBRD – European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EIA – environmental impact assessment EMP – environmental management plan GSIF – Georgian Social Investment Fund IEE – initial environmental examination MDDP – Municipal Development and Decentralization Project MDF – Municipal Development Fund of Georgia MDG – Millennium Development Goal MSDP – Municipal Services Development Project NCB – national competitive bidding O&M – operation and maintenance PAM – project administration manual SAR – subproject appraisal report SSR – subproject summary report NOTES (i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government and its agencies ends on 31 December. FY before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY2009 ends on 31 December 2009. (ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. Vice-President X. Zhao, Operations 1 Director General J. Miranda, Central and West Asia Department (CWRD) Director M. Westfall, Urban Services Division, CWRD Team leader A. Dauphin, Urban Development Specialist (Transport), CWRD Team members L. Blanchetti-Revelli, Social Development Specialist (Resettlement),CWRD M. Davila, Urban Development Specialist, CWRD I. Keum, Principal Urban Development Specialist, CWRD G. Kiziria, Country Coordinator, Georgia Resident Mission, CWRD L. Nazarbekova, Senior Counsel, Office of the General Counsel In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
    [Show full text]
  • Pre-Christian History in the Georgian Shatberdi Codex: a Translation of the Initial Texts of Mok‘C‘Evay K‘Art‘Lisay (“The Conversion of K‘Art‘Li”)
    PRE-CHRISTIAN HISTORY IN THE GEORGIAN SHATBERDI CODEX: A TRANSLATION OF THE INITIAL TEXTS OF MOK‘C‘EVAY K‘ART‘LISAY (“THE CONVERSION OF K‘ART‘LI”) Origins tales, in all of their colorful guises, at once fascinate and be- wilder1. Consider, for example, the Judeo-Christian tradition that the peoples of Afro-Eurasia are ultimately descended from Noah and his progeny, the only humans to have survived the catastrophic flood. Al- though the authenticity of the flood account may be called into question, the story nevertheless demonstrates that some ancient peoples traced their origins to a definite point in the remote past. Indeed, the historical record is replete with ethnic “Big Bangs.” Yet the historical dynamics of ethnogenesis often have been obscured beyond recognition or are en- tirely absent. Linguistic data might surrender valuable clues, but tangible contemporary evidence is largely insufficient. Even in this light, however, it would be unwise to presume that any given received tradition about ancient origins is a later fabrication. Genuine historical memories can be transmitted orally for centuries, though they have invariably been altered — accidentally and/or inten- tionally — from their primordial states. Further complicating matters is the fact that the typical story of conception was composed at a much later time when the community was already well established in its par- ticular way. Such a tale not only explained ultimate beginnings but also validated the present or even conjured a desired future. Another schol- arly predicament is rooted more firmly in our own times. Modern efforts to unveil the significance and historical underpinnings of origins tales, efforts that often reveal successive layers of embellishment and rela- tively late dates of manufacture, can “provoke” a maelstrom of patriotic outcries.
    [Show full text]
  • Obstacles Impeding the Regional Integration of the Kvemo Kartli Region of Georgia
    Obstacles Impeding the Regional Integration of the Kvemo Kartli Region of Georgia Jonathan Wheatley ECMI Working Paper #23 February 2005 EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MINORITY ISSUES (ECMI) Schiffbruecke 12 (Kompagnietor) D-24939 Flensburg ( +49-(0)461-14 14 9-0 fax +49-(0)461-14 14 9-19 e-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.ecmi.de ECMI Working Paper #23 European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) Director: Marc Weller © Copyright 2005 by the European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) Published in February 2005 by the European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) 2 Table of Contents I. Introduction.............................................................................4 II. Background Information........................................................5 Geographical Features and Ethnic Demography......................................................................5 Economy and Infrastructure....................................................................................................7 Local Structures of Administration........................................................................................10 III. Recent Historical Events.....................................................13 IV Actors in the Local Arena....................................................18 The Local Authorities...........................................................................................................18 Ethnic Balance in the Recruitment of Personnel....................................................................19 Political Parties.....................................................................................................................21
    [Show full text]
  • The Caucasus Globalization
    Vol. 1 (4), 2007 1 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION INSTITUTE O STRATEGIC STUDIES O THE CAUCASUS THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies Vol. 1 (4) 2007 CA&CC Press® SWEDEN 2 Vol. 1 (4), 2007 OUNDEDTHE CAUCASUS AND & GLOBALIZATIONPUBLISHED BY INSTITUTE O STRATEGIC STUDIES O THE CAUCASUS Registration number: M-770 Ministry of Justice of Azerbaijan Republic PUBLISHING HOUSE CA&CC Press® Sweden Registration number: 556699-5964 Registration number of the journal: 1218 Editorial Council Eldar Chairman of the Editorial Council (Baku) ISMAILOV Tel/fax: (994 12) 497 12 22 E-mail: [email protected] Kanan Executive Secretary (Baku) ALLAKHVERDIEV Tel: (994 – 12) 596 11 73 E-mail: [email protected] Azer represents the journal in Russia (Moscow) SAFAROV Tel: (7 495) 937 77 27 E-mail: [email protected] Nodar represents the journal in Georgia (Tbilisi) KHADURI Tel: (995 32) 99 59 67 E-mail: [email protected] Kamil represents the journal in Turkey (Ankara) AGHAGAN Tel: (312) 491 60 97 Å-mail: [email protected] Editorial Board Nazim Editor-in-Chief (Azerbaijan) MUZAFFARLI Tel: (994 – 12) 499 11 74 E-mail: [email protected] (IMANOV) Archil Deputy Editor-in-Chief (Georgia) GEGESHIDZE Tel: (99 – 593) 31 77 29 E-mail: [email protected] Akif Deputy Editor-in-Chief (Azerbaijan) ABDULLAEV Tel: (994 – 12) 596 11 73 E-mail: [email protected] Vol. 1 (4), 2007Members of Editorial Board: 3 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Zaza Doctor of History, professor, Corresponding member of the Georgian National Academy ALEKSIDZE of Sciences, head of the scientific department of the Korneli Kekelidze Institute of Manuscripts (Georgia) Mustafa Professor, Ankara University (Turkey) AYDIN Irina D.Sc.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Assistance Layout with Instructions
    Environmental Impact Assessment December 2018 First Draft GEO: North–South Corridor (Kvesheti-Kobi) Road Project Part 3 (Sections D-E) Prepared by JV Anas International Enterprise S.P.A., Gestione Progetti Ingegneria S.R.L., and IRD Engineering S.R.L. for the Roads Department of the Ministry of Regional Development and Infrastructure of Georgia and the Asian Development Bank. This environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Environmental Impact Assessment for the Kvesheti-Kobi Road Section D. EnvironMental Laws, Standards and Regulations D.1 Overview 332. This section of the EIA provides a summary of: (i) Environmental Legislation of Georgia; (ii) The Administrative Framework; (iii) Environmental Regulations and Standards of Georgia; (iv) National Technical Regulations Relevant to the Project; (v) Environmental Permitting Procedure; (vi) Permit and Licenses Required for Off-site Works During Construction; (vii) International Conventions Relevant to the Project Ratified by Georgia; (viii) An overview of the ADB and EBRD safeguard policies / performance requirements. D.2 General 333. Georgian legislation comprises the Constitution, environmental laws, international agreements, subordinate legislation, normative acts, presidential orders and governmental decrees, ministerial orders, instructions and regulations.
    [Show full text]
  • Caucasus Studies 2
    IMER - INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND ETHNIC RELATIONS MIGRATION IMER - INTERNATIONAL CAUCASUS STUDIES 2 STUDIES CAUCASUS I m Caucasus Studies 2 INTERNATIONA • ER Caucasus Studies 2 LANGUAGE,Caucasus Studies HISTOR 2Y AND CULTURAL IDENTITIES IN THE CAUCASUS l m LANGUAGE, HISTORY AND CULTURAL RE ETHNIC AND IGRATION Edited IDENTITIES by Karina Vamling IN THE CAUCASUS l The internationalEdited by conferenceKarina Vamling Language, History and Cultural Identities in the CU AND HISTORY ANGUAGE, Caucasus, 17-20 June 2005, hosted by the School of International Migration LANGUAGE, HISTORY AND CULTURAL and Ethnic Relations (IMER) at Malmö University (Sweden), brought together IDENTITIES IN THE CAUCASUS Caucasian and Western schoolars with diverse disciplinary backgrounds – l social anthropology, linguistics, literature, social psychology, political science ATIONS – who focus on the Caucasus in their research. The present volume is based on Papers from the conference, papers from this conference. June 17-19 2005, Malmö University l TURA Edited by Karina Vamling l IDENTITIES IN THE CAUCASUS THE IN IDENTITIES MALMÖ UNIVERSITY MALMÖ 2009 SE-205 06 Malmö Sweden m www.mah.se MALMÖ UNIVERSITY A ISBN 978-91-7104-088-6 2010 lmö SE-205 06 Malmö Sweden www.mah.se ISBN 978-91-7104-088-6 Caucasus Studies 1 Circassian Clause Structure Mukhadin Kumakhov & Karina Vamling 2 Language, History and Cultural Identities in the Caucasus. Papers from the conference, June 17-19 2005. Edited by Karina Vamling 3 Conference in the fields of Migration – Society – Language 28-30
    [Show full text]
  • Giuli Alasania, Professor, Tbilisi State University Vice-Rector, International Black Sea University Founder, Head of Trustee Board, University of Georgia
    Giuli Alasania, Professor, Tbilisi State University Vice-Rector, International Black Sea University Founder, Head of Trustee Board, University of Georgia Georgia as a Bridge between the West and the East (Advantages and disadvantages) Thanks to its location, the Georgian territory became a cradle for European civilization. Several years ago 1.8 million year Dmanisi hominoids were discovered in the foothills of the lesser Caucasus. Traditions of statehood on the Georgian territory are traceable since the mid second millennium BC. Necessary preconditions for the creation of a unified state started to from the beginning of the 3rd century BC, when the West submitted to the East, as a result of which there was created the Kingdom of Kartvels. Being located at the crossroad, Georgia attracted different invasions. Frequent invasions in some cases led to establishing foreign control over Georgian lands; mostly divided into two main parts: the West and the East. If in the first centuries the East as well as the West befell Romans, the rest of the time the East was controlled by Persians, Arabs, Turk-Seljuks, Mongols, while the West much of the time was controlled and influenced by Rome or Byzantium, and just partially by Ottomans before coming of Russia which in the early 19th c. annexed entire Georgia and interrupted longstanding traditions of statehood there. Proceeding from the above-stated, the orientation issue was always topical for the Georgians. In the most typical situation, when two superpowers rivaled for the Georgian land there were people inside with different perceptions and orientations. Any perception, even wrong, served to territorial integrity as well as to aspiration towards sovereignty.
    [Show full text]