Thames High School RESEARCH ROAD

Thames High School

v RESEARCH ROAD MAP

DECIDE

I have a I have I have I know TOPIC/ BRAINSTORMED Purpose HYPOTHESIS what I KEY QUESTIONS End Product and KEYWORDS Timeframe know Criteria STOP CHECK FIND

I have I have LISTED a FOUND SOURCES with RANGE of I have INFORMATION POSSIBLE SKIMMED and SOURCES SCANNED

SELECT I have ORGANISED my I have I have INFORMATION MADE NOTES and VERIFIED my RECORDED SOURCES INFORMATION

STOP CHECK RECORD

I have a final DRAFT I have ANALYSED my I have a FINDINGS and DRAWN REFERENCE my own CONCLUSIONS list

STOP CHECK PRESENT EVALUATE

I have I have PRESENTED EVALUATED my my FINAL REPORT PROCESS

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Decide

Purpose WHAT? WHY?

Audience WHO FOR?

Process HOW TO ORGANAISE MY TIME AND STUFF?

Criteria/End Product WHAT OPTIONS?

Assessment

What Criteria?

What product?

What Exemplars might help?

What other HELP?

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RESEARCH QUESTION /HYPOTHESIS

Example Decide what … Hypothesis: More New Zealanders should sign up for organ donation. A rich question or Question: Why does New Zealand have one of the lowest organ donor rates in the hypothesis will lead Western World? you to conclusions ...

Example: Mining on the Coromandel Topic

Should Mining be allowed on the Rich Coromandel? Question

Mining should never be allowed Hypothesis On the Coromandel

WHAT DO YOU KNOW ALREADY?

Create a prior knowledge map or list –

Example

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WHAT DO YOU NEED TO KNOW? …

PS … When you start, you don’t know what you don’t know !

Questions can be OPEN or CLOSED.

CLOSED QUESTIONS

 a straightforward answer – yes/no – fact – definition – description

What is capital punishment? What are the side effects of ‘P’?

Who is the captain of the NZ Cricket Team? Which teams are in the Super 14?

Where did Marco Polo’s travels take him? Where are NZ wind farms?

How many hydro dams contribute to NZ’s power grid? What are the rules for animal tests?

 closed questions can begin research  sometimes an apparently closed question can lead to research because the answer leads to interpretation and opinion.

What is the best age for young people to be able to buy alcohol/get a driver’s licence?

Should mining go ahead on the Coromandel?

Should New Chums Beach be saved from development?

Example

Do NZ people donate their organs?

What organs are donated? Should people donate their organs?

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OPEN QUESTIONS

 no straightforward answer  open interview questions lead a person to talk  open questions leave room for a range of information and interpretation – including yours  open questions or a hypothesis lead to thinking and conclusion

 Euthanasia will become an important option in the future.

 The drug ‘P’ causes serious harm in New Zealand.

 Renewable sources offer the best energy options for New Zealand’s future.

 Graffiti – art form or vandalism?

 Keep New Zealand Green is a farce.

 To what extent is Facebook a danger to young people?

 Are the regulations around water quality adequate?

Example What are the current rates of organ donation in NZ? What organs? When? How? Why? What timeframes? Who donates … work out why? Why others not? What is the global organ situation – incudes travel to sources, trafficking, import. How might the NZ rate of organ donation be improved?

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Thinking about possible SOURCES ... Written Oral Visual Digital Keywords are Key  Get Dewey  Interview a  Poster  Search Google Number - books person  DVD  Search  Do an Access-It  who knows Documentary  Databases (epic) search  Do a survey  Photograph  Use Library  Check shelves  Ring an expert  Infographic homepage Check vertical file   Radio Interviews Quicklinks  Check magazines  Podcasts

See Guides for Sources under FIND

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Organ Trafficking Donor KEYWORDS Transplant Ethics Cloning 3D Printing

Start with a general Get a feel for the range of https://www.donor.co.nz/ search information – and any specialist sites

http://www.givelife.org.nz/

Dewey Numbers http://youtu.be/NHiUQb5xg7A Example: 617

Do an Access-It https://library.thameshigh.sch Example: search ool.nz/#!dashboard Organ transplantation’ Ann Fullick 617.9 FUL

Do Access-It One Search https://library.thameshigh.sch Example: from EPIC ool.nz/#!dashboard willingness to become a donor

Vertical File Current student topics, No material there clippings, articles

National Library https://natlib.govt.nz/schools/t No material there opics

Magazine/Newspapers See Library Office for regular Only government papers - magazines restricted

Local Documents http://archives.govt.nz/ No material here or http://www.thetreasury.org.nz/ here

Emails/Letters Email local hospital Email ministry of Transport Email Ministry of Health

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Example

KEYWORDS Organ Trafficking Donor Transplant Ethics Cloning 3D Printing

TV http://www.kiwikidsnews.co.n Not here Documentaries/News z/

http://www.stuff.co.nz/ Lots on stuff – including forms

http://www.nzherald.co.nz/ Lots in Herald – including good idea as to http://www.nzonscreen.com/ receive/donate watch/all/documentary Example: We’re all happy http://sciblogs.co.nz/ to receive but few are willing to donate organs 27 Aug, 2002

Global ExampleOrgan News sites donation rates too low in UK, says NHS ...

Apple pushes organ donor registration for US

iPhone users ...

Death row inmate refused

TED https://www.ted.c Example Anthony Atala: Talks om/talks Printing a human kidney

Giving the Gift of Life: Chris Barry

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KEYWORDS Organ Trafficking Donor Transplant Ethics Cloning

3D Printing

DVD http://thekidshouldseethis.co Nothing here m/ Filmclip you tube.com Don't Be an Organ youtube Donor!!!!

Steven Anderson

What Actually Happens To Your Body? http://goodfullness.com/bri de-leaves-empty-seat- dead-son With so many misconceptions, it's no wonder less than half of all U.S. adults are signed up Government Review of deceased Departments organ donation and transplantation The Ministry of Health is leading a review Page content - 29 March 2017 Increasing Rates of Deceased Organ Donation: Consultation document sought feedback on the proposals to

Return to Road Map increase deceased organ donation Publication - 29 March 2017

Make your choice when you apply for a licence: 'Would you be willing to donate organs in the event of your death?'

Example KEYWORDS Organ Trafficking Donor Transplant Ethics Cloning 3D Printing

Models, Diagrams Pinterest Pinterest - organ donor material

Google images

http://www.noted.co.nz/hea lth/health/kidney-for-sale- one-careful-owner/ Think of good questions How much is a kidney worth on the transplant (or black) market – turns out it’s $262,000 US.

Local organisations Councils http://www.newstalkzb.co.n Interview Experts, public opinion z/on-air/mike-hosking- breakfast/audio/jonathan- coleman-public-debate- about-organ-donations- needed/

Return to Road Map Example KEYWORDS Organ Trafficking Donor Transplant Ethics Cloning 3D Printing

Surveys

Phone calls/Text

Podcasts http://howl.fm/audio/40924/ episode-1-cheese-dreams- in-gravy-isles

1. BBC

Nesta McGregor: Why are there so few Black organ donors?

http://www.radionz.co.nz/n ews/national/309691/cultur e-change-needed,-not- organ-donor-register- coleman

Example

Additional Key Questions – after sources  How big is the black market for organ donation? Who are the targets?  How possible are synthetic organs?  Could we 3D print human organs?  Should you be given an organ if you refuse to be a donor?  What attitudes to Organ donor and transplant to different religions hold?

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SKIM and SCAN

Speed Reading Tips help you read faster …….

First Once you know what you want SKIM information SCAN , Fly high Hover Over

Checkout what is there, Run your eyes across the text Go for the big picture, Look for key words Get an overview – headings, facts, names … diagrams, images …

Check out: http://www.bbc.co.uk/skillswise/topic/skimming-and-scanning/resources/l1

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vBG8MTVLNyM

Return to Road Map NOTES Note Taking nOte M AkinG in your own way OR Copying BUT = little brain use = Active Brain

Choose what works for your brain + record what you need

Highlight and Annotate Download or print sources – highlight and make your ‘thinking’ notes as you go. This gives evidence of processing information.

Example (from sources in Exemplar Report)

Should a family have the right to change a person’s wishes? Would this work in NZ?

Need training and certain type of person to do this Spanish officials had considered implementing a policy of presumed consent ‘tactfully’? to boost the number of donors, but instead they created the Organización Nacional de Trasplantes (ONT), a network of transplant coordinators in 139 intensive care units across the country. ONT professionals identify potential organ donors by closely monitoring emergency departments and tactfully discussing the donation process with families of the deceased. (With presumed consent, people are assumed to be willing organ donors in the

event of their death unless they or their families had specifically stated

otherwise.) According to the ONT Web site

(www.msc.es/ont/ing/home.htm), the number of kidney transplants from cadaver organs rose from 1477 in 1992 to 1998 in 2002. The number of liver transplants rose from 412 to 1003, and heart transplants from 254 to 310.

It worked!

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MIND MAP True Mind Maps are built to suit your brain Only your brain can make one for YOU

Exemplar (from Organ donation sources)

How to Mind Map http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wZ5wV5dPZc

What graphic organisers could help?

http://www.eduplace.com/graphicorganizer/

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/graphicorganizers/star/

ORGANISE INFORMATION Clear file? What choice? Google What do I need to show? doc? List sources, dates and details as you go – use the APA format. Verify information Work Book? Digital or Paper or Book? Folder?

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Check assessment criteria …

Achievement Standard

Subject Re ference English 2.8 Title Use information literacy skills to form developed conclusion(s)

Level 2 Credits 4 Assessment Internal Achievement Criteria

Achievement Achievement with Merit Achievement with Excellence  Use information literacy skills to  Use information literacy skills to  Use information literacy skills to form developed conclusion(s). form developed conclusion(s) form developed conclusion(s) convincingly. perceptively.

What do I still need?

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Evaluate and Check ALL Sources

 WHO wrote this?  Are they an expert? Says WHO?  Is there a Biography of the author? WHO  Where can you find out more about the author/source?  Does this source have a bias? Perspective?  How can you tell what view the writer has?  WHAT is the obvious purpose of the info/site?  WHAT other purpose might there be? WHAT  WHAT information is included?  WHAT information is left out?  WHAT does the writer want you to think?

 WHEN was the text published?  WHEN was the site created? WHEN  WHEN was the site updated?

 WHERE does the information come from?  WHERE can you check the sources? WHERE  WHERE is this information backed up?  WHY has this information been presented in this way? WHY  WHY is this information useful? Go through the following tutorial for more guidelines (Ctrl + Click) – and the CRAAP test http://youtu.be/lAWhE0mj69I http://www.youtube.com/user/WaikatoLawLibrary?feature=watch

Return to Road Map Referencing System

Our system is based on the APA (American Psychological Association) referencing system used by most tertiary institutions in NZ. Book with one author Taylor, K., (2014). The curious history of Thames High School. Thames, New Zealand: Goldmine Press. Rogers, S., (2012). The Art of Football. Thames, New Zealand: PreFab Press. Books with two + authors Sim, D., Baker, S., & Baird, M. (20117) Managing adolescent behaviour in a light-hearted manner. Thames, New Zealand: Principal Press Inc. Books produced by an organisation Thames High School. (2013). The PB4L Approach to Learning – Thames High Style. Thames, New Zealand: Sorby Press. Chapter in an edited book Scoggins, M. (2011) Cracking Chemistry and Physics. In Dobson, C., Grant- Maackie, E. & Sorby, M. (Eds.), Science for Beginners (pp 1-5m – 143). Thames, New Zealand: A Block Publ. Film C.Hurley., (2014) A Lens on Film. Coro Studio, New Zealand: Wandering Kiwi Films. Magazine Article Sim, M., Perry, A., & Emery, J. (2012, March). The Joy of Writing. Woman’s Day, p.27. Paora-Quirk, A., (2013, Spring) Going Global, Production Scripts, p.35. Newspaper Article – Print Version Belton, M., (2011, Feb 15). Speaking Economically. Hauraki Herald, p.3. Newspaper Article – Digital Source Bloom, J., & Sitnikoff, T., (2013, Monday February 21). Back into Hillary Challenge and Beyond – Tales of Stepping Up. Waikato Times. Retrieved from Newztext Plus database. Photo C. Ferguson., (2010). Light and Shade. Thames High School. Diagram Fletcher, J., (2013) Discovering the Tongariro National Park. Thames, NZ: FletchPress. pg 31. Webpages (when multiple homepages are referenced, reference the homepage) Statistics New Zealand. (2014). New Zealand Census Figures. Retrieved from http://www.stats.govt.nz

Return to Road Map RESEARCH REPORT

PLAN

Introduction  say what you set out to find out and why  state Hypothesis or Research Question

Body Paragraphs  base on Key Questions  have ONE idea per paragraph  use TEXAS to organise your paragraphs  weave in evidence from your sources  cite(name) sources as you go  acknowledge all sources  include personal discussions and conclusions based on the information  put things IN YOUR OWN WORDS

Conclusion  sum up what you found out  link to your original question or hypothosis  comment on research process (maybe)  finish with impact – the SO WHAT …

Example Links to Sample Level 2 Reports

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TEXAS helps structure your Body Paragraphs

T = main topic for the paragraph

E = adds more explanation to the idea

X = gives specific examples/quotation/facts to support or illustrate the main idea

A = analyses the idea and detail – makes connections to the topic as a whole, text as a whole, the wider world

S = summarises the point in the paragraph TEXAS Exemplar

One reason that we should all understand how to research is T that dealing with information is an essential skill for the twenty- first century. When we try to imagine a fast-evolving future for the students who are currently at school, one thing we do know is that E finding information is only a start. Rather than copying or downloading information, students need to be able to extract key points, evaluate for bias, cite X sources correctly and restate ideas in their own words. Because information is now so easy to access, what we do A with the information that we find is becoming increasingly critical. Research then is one of the important skills to equip students S for their future in an increasingly complex digital world.

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PRESENTATIONS

A written report is one possibility. There are many others.

Who is the audience? What will make an impact? Are there assessment criteria?

Consider some of the ideas at these youtube sites:

http://youtu.be/i68a6M5FFBc Powerful Presentations - Powerpoint http://youtu.be/gNG0etmnwuk how to Powerpoint http://youtu.be/Tp1iqZQH5vI How to Prezi

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Evaluate the Process

 Is evaluation assessed?

 What worked well?

 What needs to improve?

 What have I learned?

 How effective was I at each step on The Road Map?

 What would I do differently?

 What questions do I have?

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Achieved The Human Bodies Should Be Used Instead of Buried or Cremated

New Zealand has one of the lowest rates of organ donation in the western world. As a result, our transplant waiting lists are long and Introduction people often die before they can find the organ they need. There are financial, scientific and practical reasons why we should make  Researcher’s personal an effort to change the current situation. ‘problem’ stated clearly Practical Uses for the Human Body  Hypothesis clearly stated – human Stiff; The Curious lives of Human Cadavers is a book, which lists cadaver as a wasted some of the uses for bodies, donated to medical or scientific resource research. Human bodies were being used over 2,000 years ago.  Hypothesis stated - For instance, for the last 60 years car companies have been using That rates of organ human bodies as realistic crash test dummies. They have saved an donation should estimated 8500 lives and even more serious injuries, each year increase since 1987. They are also a resource when it comes to safety gear. This use developed everything from surgical tools and procedures to equipment for our soldiers.

The educational benefits from human cadavers are immense. J. Topic sentence is there – Nathan Bazzel is a 38 year old man suffering from the condition could have spelled out the HIV/Aids. In his interview with Elizabeth Cohen, a reporter with the concept more clearly CNN, Bazzel, claimed “If just one person can take a look at my skull and kidneys which have suffered from HIV and the drugs used to treat it, and learn something from them … what a magnificent gift”. It is likely that someone will learn something from Bazzel’s remains. Concept illustrated in a According to Albert King, Chairman of Biomedical Engineering a range of ways dozen lives are save for each cadaver donated to science. “They enable developers of new surgical tools and techniques to practice and do test runs without risking harming live patients”. This is a statement I received from Mary Roach, during an email interview. It was in response to my question of, how important are cadavers to our society? Mary Roach promotes the wider use of human bodies. The human body is a means to improving our world, through its practical applications. The Financial/Sustainable Advantages

“What’s the difference between a statue garden and a cemetery? Do we really need the motivation of honouring the dead to create such a thing?” This question by [username:]

McCulloch, San Diego, was posed in response to the query: why do we bury the dead? (Debate located on www.debatingchristianity.com) The average North American funeral costs $7000 - $10,000. $3500 goes toward remembering the dead. This can be done more cheaply. The coffins used in America would build an estimated 28 million homes. Cemeteries take up several million acres. This seems crazy when there are so many people who are homeless. Donating bodies would help here. Once a body has been used for organ donation or science research, a quiet cremation can finish the process. This will save people, money and resources with one simple decision.

The Lives Saved

The Mayo Clinic estimates that by donating your organs you can save, or improve, up to 50 lives. 16 people on waiting lists die every day. In New Zealand, there are 600 people waiting for kidney donations. Only around a sixth will get one. Donated organs can make a big difference to individuals but also to the families of both donor and receiver.

What Do People Really Think?

Even though there are such big benefits from organ donation, far too few people in New Zealand do this. We have one of the lowest rates in the western world – 8.7 donors per million people (2010 report).

People have some strange reasons for refusing. There are religious, cultural or moral reasons which are understandable. Other fears are less easy to understand:

 44% thought organs will be sold on the black market. This shows little trust in the medical profession.  28% thought they were too old or unhealthy even though the facts state that up until age 60-70 organs can be used.  50% thought if they’d agreed to donate, doctors wouldn’t try so hard to save them in an emergency These reasons are a concern in New Zealand. What we can do to Increase donation Numbers

Some other countries have similar problems. In Spain, according to Mary Helen Spooner’s article, they have had 2 policies:

1. Assume donation unless otherwise stated 2. Have transplant co-ordinators to talk to people in emergency wards This has improved their donation rate by 142% since 1989 so they now have the highest rate in Europe. We should consider these moves in New Zealand.

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Research Report Example -

Level Two Excellence

Once deceased, the human body does not intend to do very much. This is an easily comprehendible and generally well-accepted fact. Introduction However it is the theory created by social pressure, the one which  Researcher’s personal states that burning or burying your loved ones is the ‘right’ thing to ‘problem’ stated clearly do, that I simply cannot accept. The human body is a unique and  Hypothesis clearly stated valuable resource with numerous practical applications and a – human cadaver as a seemingly endless list of benefits we will gain, should we decide to wasted resource  Hypothesis stated - That use what is currently a glorified waste product. Instead of simply rates of organ donation burning or burying this incomparable tool we should be using the should increase human body to its full potential. The number of people donating bodies and organs is far too few, and this is something we need to change. By doing so we would notice not only the financial benefits, but also how many lives could be saved, all by changing the public opinion of body and organ donation and convincing more people to give the ultimate gift to improve the lives of countless individuals.

Peculiar and Practical Uses for the Human Body

Stiff; The Curious lives of Human Cadavers is a book, which addresses just some of the uses for bodies, donated to medical or scientific research, it is also through this book that we learn that the use of human bodies in scientific discovery is not a new endeavour at all. In fact it is estimated that over 2,000 years ago, human cadavers were Topic sentence is there – could already doing their part to help (some, even willingly). Once you get have spelled out the concept past the gore and start to understand all we have gained through the more clearly use of the deceased, it becomes clear that the concept is not morbid at all but rather a startling example of good sense and rationality. Concept illustrated in a range of For instance, it has been 60 years now that car companies have been ways using human bodies as realistic crash test dummies, and together they have saved an estimated 8500 lives and even more serious injuries, each year since 1987, an astounding accomplishment and one that many of us have, and will reap the benefits of. They are an unrivalled A range of sources is used resource when it comes to the creation of human safety gear, whose use had developed everything from surgical tools and procedures to equipment for our soldiers. Cadavers are of course utilized in more areas than just the creation of safety equipment the educational benefits are immense, J. Nathan Bazzel is a 38 year old man suffering from the condition HIV/Aids, in his interview with Elizabeth Cohen, a reporter with the CNN, Bazzel, claimed “If just one person can take a look at my skull and kidneys which have suffered from HIV and the drugs used to treat it,

Copyright © 2017 Thames High School and learn something from them … what a magnificent gift” And is likely that someone will learn something from Bazzel’s remains, in fact, according to Albert King, Chairman of Biomedical Engineering a dozen lives are save foreach cadaver donated to science. “They enable developers of new surgical tools and techniques to practice and do test runs without risking harming live patients” This is a statement I received from Mary Roach, during an email interview. Mary Roach is an author, whose work is majorly about any-and-all-things rigor mortified. It was in response to my question of, how important are cadavers to our society? She, along with many other members of the haut monde with a fascination for the grisly. Understand the vital role the recently expired play in our world and spends her days preaching to the unmoved members of the public the importance of donating their body, (once they are finished with it of course) with such incredible prerequisites it is simply astounding that so few are listening. The human body is more than a shell. It is a means to improving our world, through its practical application.

The Financial/Sustainable Advantages of Using Cadavers

“What’s the difference between a statue garden and a cemetery? Do we really need the motivation of honouring the dead to create such a thing?” This question by [username:] McCulloch, San Diego, was posed in response to the query: why do we bury the dead? (Debate located on www.debatingchristianity.com) A fair question when you consider that the average North American funeral costs between $7000 - $10,000, $3500 of which goes toward the desire to honour or remember the dead, I find myself asking, surely there are cheaper ways. The funds required from grieving families is a startling amount and yet it pales in comparison to the resources used to keep the dead comfy. Several million acres are taken up by cemeteries in America, a huge amount of time, space and money spent building a location which does nothing but provide comfort to those who could just as easily find it in other ways. To further our wastefulness, the dead are placed in coffins, which if demolished could be used to build an estimated 28 million homes, We, as a civilisation, have the audacity to provide for the dead what we claim to be unable to provide for many living people: a safe, dry place to sleep. Both these cases of profligacy could be amended through the donation process. Once a working cadaver has been used to its full potential, the industry processing it is required to hold a respectful cremation for the once-was member of mankind, a final thank you to the man or woman who has done so much to help our world from beyond the grave. This is a solution, which saves people, money and resources with one simple decision. The financial benefits alone should be reason enough for people to donate their body to causes far greater than fertilisation. The Lives it Effects

H is a cadaver. One who has just had a surgery, which involved all her major organs being removed with no intention of being returned or replaced.

Not nearly as traumatic as it sounds. You see, in life, H had made a decision that she simply wasn’t the type to take death, lying down. The Mayo Clinic of Organ Donation has claimed that by donating your organs, you can save, or improve up to 50 lives. Donations of organs, blood and tissue are all vitally important to putting a dent in the growing list of people needing them, a list on which 16 people die every day. In New Zealand, 600 people are waiting for kidney donations alone, a simple organ that could be donated in either death or life and yet every year only around a sixth of these people will actually receive a donation. The list of people positively affected by these donations spreads much further than those receiving them. Many families of the people who have donated their bodies to one cause or another have stated that the process actually made their death easier to deal with. The knowledge that through their loved one’s death, many lives could be save, was said to be incredibly comforting. Simultaneously helping with one family’s grief and saving another family from facing that same despair. As for the future donors themselves. Many say it takes away some of the fear of death, knowing it will never be a meaningless one. As put by author, Mary Roach, “Half of the people in the position H’s family was in will say no, will choose to burn those organs or let them rot. We abide the surgeon’s scalpel to save our own lives, our loved one’s lives but not to save a stranger’s life. H has no heart, but heartless is the last thing you’d call her.”

What Do People Really Think?

Despite the clear benefits of organ and body donation, the number of people actually doing it is far too few. This is no less true in our own country, with New Zealand possessing one of the lowest donation rates in the western world. Only 8.7 donors per million people (statistic taken from 2010 report) . More alarming than this evidence is the reasons people give for not becoming organ donors: despite popular belief organ donation is in fact accepted or even encouraged by most religious groups, and is seen as a final act of love, although there are a certain number of people who refuse to donate on religious or moral grounds the majority of non-donors refused for some rather peculiar reasons:

In a survey of 1500 drivers, 44% claimed they did not want to donate because they feared the organs would be sold on the black market. Even if it were not incredibly unlikely for surgeons not to notice that their supposed donor is missing a lung, the lack of trust people have for the men and women dedicated to saving lives is astounding. A further 28% of the interviewed feared they were too old or unhealthy to donate, which is untrue, with most organs (according to Organ Donation New Zealand) being suitable for donation until 60-70 years of age. 50% of people decided not to donate their organs in the event of an accident because they were afraid that doctors would not try as hard to save them if they were donors.

REFERENCES

Cohen, E. (2016, October 28). Ten uses for your body after you die. Retrieved August 10, 2017, from http://edition.cnn.com/2016/10/10/health/body-use-after-death/index.html

Roach, Mary, (2004). Stiff; The Curious lives of Human Cadavers. W. W. Norton Company, New York.

PARKER-POPE, TARA. ‘The Reluctant Organ Donor’ April 16, 2009 New York Times Spooner, M. H. (2003, October 28). More countries hoping to copy Spain's organ-donation success. Retrieved April 10, 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC219643/

Parker-Pope, T. (2009, April 16). The Reluctant Organ Donor. Retrieved August 10, 2017, from https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/16/the-reluctant-organ-donor/?mcubz=0

(n.d.). Retrieved August 10, 2017, from https://debatingchristianity.com/forum/index.php

10 myths about organ donation. (2017, February 16). Retrieved April 10, 2017, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/organ-donation/art- 20047529

(n.d.). Retrieved August 10, 2017, from http://flatrock.org.nz/topics/older_and_under/death_wish.htm