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OBITUARIES Picked up at a Comer in New York City
SUMMER 2004 - THE AVI NEWSLETTER OBITUARIES picked up at a comer in New York City. gev until his jeep was blown up on a land He was then taken to a camp in upper New mine and his injuries forced him to return York State for training. home one week before the final truce. He returned with a personal letter nom Lou After the training, he sailed to Harris to Teddy Kollek commending him Marseilles and was put into a DP camp on his service. and told to pretend to be mute-since he spoke no language other than English. Back in Brooklyn Al worked While there he helped equip the Italian several jobs until he decided to move to fishing boat that was to take them to Is- Texas in 1953. Before going there he took rael. They left in the dead of night from Le time for a vacation in Miami Beach. This Havre with 150 DPs and a small crew. The latter decision was to determine the rest of passengers were carried on shelves, just his life. It was in Miami Beach that he met as we many years later saw reproduced in his wife--to-be, Betty. After a whirlwind the Museum of Clandestine Immigration courtship they were married and decided in Haifa. Al was the cook. On the way out to raise their family in Miami. He went the boat hit something that caused a hole into the uniform rental business, eventu- Al Wank, in the ship which necessitated bailing wa- ally owning his own business, BonMark Israel Navy and Palmach ter the entire trip. -
Palestinian Forces
Center for Strategic and International Studies Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy 1800 K Street, N.W. • Suite 400 • Washington, DC 20006 Phone: 1 (202) 775 -3270 • Fax : 1 (202) 457 -8746 Email: [email protected] Palestinian Forces Palestinian Authority and Militant Forces Anthony H. Cordesman Center for Strategic and International Studies [email protected] Rough Working Draft: Revised February 9, 2006 Copyright, Anthony H. Cordesman, all rights reserved. May not be reproduced, referenced, quote d, or excerpted without the written permission of the author. Cordesman: Palestinian Forces 2/9/06 Page 2 ROUGH WORKING DRAFT: REVISED FEBRUARY 9, 2006 ................................ ................................ ............ 1 THE MILITARY FORCES OF PALESTINE ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 2 THE OSLO ACCORDS AND THE NEW ISRAELI -PALESTINIAN WAR ................................ ................................ .............. 3 THE DEATH OF ARAFAT AND THE VICTORY OF HAMAS : REDEFINING PALESTINIAN POLITICS AND THE ARAB - ISRAELI MILITARY BALANCE ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 4 THE CHANGING STRUCTURE OF PALESTINIAN AUTHORITY FORC ES ................................ ................................ .......... 5 Palestinian Authority Forces During the Peace Process ................................ ................................ ..................... 6 The -
Rural Cooperation
JOURNAL OF RURAL COOPERATION Centre international de recherches sur les communautes cooperatives rurales International Research Centre on Rural Cooperative Communities ""~''''YJ ""'1~!) "')'TlP '1pn) 'tlU-C)-"3T1 t!)'1tlTl CIRCOM VOLUME 24 No.2 1996 CIRCOM, International Research Centre on Rural Cooperative Communities was established in September 1965 in Paris. The purpose of the Centre is to provide a framework for investigations and research on problems concerning rural cooperative communities and publication of the results, to coordinate the exchange of information on current research projects and published works, and to encourage the organization of symposia on the problems of cooperative rural communities, as well as the exchange of experts between different countries. Editorial Advisory Board BARRACLOUGH, Prof. Solon, UNRISD, PLANCK, Prof. Ulrich, Universitat Geneva, Switzerland. Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany. CERNEA, Prof. Michael, The World POCHET, Dr. Carlos A., Universidad Bank, Washington, DC, USA. Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica. CRAIG, Prof. Jack, York University, POHORYLES, Prof. Samuel, Tel Aviv Ontario, Canada. University, Israel. DON, Prof. Yehuda, Bar Ban University, SAXENA, Dr. S.K., Markham, Ontario, Ramat Gan, Israel. Canada. FALS BORDA, Prof. Orlando, Punta de SCHIMMERLING, Prof. Hanus, Lanza Foundation, Bogota, Colombia. Agricultural University, Prague, Czech KLATZMANN, Prof. Joseph, Institut Republic. National Agronomique, Paris, France. SCHVARTZER, Prof. Louis, Universidad MARON, Stanley, Kibbutz Maayan Zvi de Buenos Aires, Argentina. and Yad Tabenkin, Ramat Efal, Israel. SMITH, Prof. Louis, University College, NINOMIY A, Prof. Tetsuo, Kanazawa Dublin, Ireland. University, Japan. STAVENHAGEN, Dr. Rodolfo, EI PARIKH, Prof. Gokul 0., Sardar Patel Colegio de Mexico, Mexico. Institute of Economic and Social Research, STROPPA, Prof. Claudio, Universita di Ahmedabad, India. -
About the War of Independence
About the War of Independence Israel's War of Independence is the first war between the State of Israel and the neighboring Arab countries. It started on the eve of the establishment of the state (May 14, 1948) and continued until January 1949. The war broke out following the rejection of the United Nation's Partition Plan, Resolution 181 of the General Assembly (November 29, 1947), by the Arab states and the Arab Higher Committee. The representatives of the Arab states threatened to use force in order to prevent the implementation of the resolution. Stage 1: November 29, 1947 - March 31, 1948 Arab violence erupted the day after the ratification of Resolution 181. Shots were fired on a Jewish bus close to Lod airport, and a general strike declared by the Arab Higher Committee resulted in the setting fire and the plundering of the Jewish commercial district near the Jaffa Gate in Jerusalem. There were still 100,000 British troops stationed in Palestine, which were much stronger than both Arab and Israeli forces. Nevertheless, the British policy was not to intervene in the warfare between the two sides, except in order to safeguard the security of British forces and facilities. During this period, Arab military activities consisted of sniping and the hurling of bombs at Jewish transportation along main traffic arteries to isolated Jewish neighborhoods in ethnically mixed cites and at distant settlements. The Hagana, the military arm of the organized Yishuv, (the Jewish community of Palestine) put precedence on defensive means at first, while being careful to restrict itself to acts of retaliation against perpetrators directly responsible for the attacks. -
1948 Arab‒Israeli
1948 Arab–Israeli War 1 1948 Arab–Israeli War מלחמת or מלחמת העצמאות :The 1948 Arab–Israeli War, known to Israelis as the War of Independence (Hebrew ,מלחמת השחרור :, Milkhemet Ha'atzma'ut or Milkhemet HA'sikhror) or War of Liberation (Hebrewהשחרור Milkhemet Hashikhrur) – was the first in a series of wars fought between the State of Israel and its Arab neighbours in the continuing Arab-Israeli conflict. The war commenced upon the termination of the British Mandate of Palestine and the Israeli declaration of independence on 15 May 1948, following a period of civil war in 1947–1948. The fighting took place mostly on the former territory of the British Mandate and for a short time also in the Sinai Peninsula and southern Lebanon.[1] ., al-Nakba) occurred amidst this warﺍﻟﻨﻜﺒﺔ :Much of what Arabs refer to as The Catastrophe (Arabic The war concluded with the 1949 Armistice Agreements. Background Following World War II, on May 14, 1948, the British Mandate of Palestine came to an end. The surrounding Arab nations were also emerging from colonial rule. Transjordan, under the Hashemite ruler Abdullah I, gained independence from Britain in 1946 and was called Jordan, but it remained under heavy British influence. Egypt, while nominally independent, signed the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936 that included provisions by which Britain would maintain a garrison of troops on the Suez Canal. From 1945 on, Egypt attempted to renegotiate the terms of this treaty, which was viewed as a humiliating vestige of colonialism. Lebanon became an independent state in 1943, but French troops would not withdraw until 1946, the same year that Syria won its independence from France. -
Ninety Years of Habonim-Dror Sa: a Short History
NINETY YEARS OF HABONIM-DROR SA: A SHORT HISTORY By Gideon Shimoni, October 2020 FOUNDATIONS: A JEWISH SCOUT MOVEMENT The extraordinary significance of Zionism as sentiment, ideology and organization is perhaps the most distinctive characteristic of South African Jewry, and youth movements have always been Zionism's beating heart and conscience. Habonim (now Habonim-Dror), founded in early 1931, has been the largest and most influential of these youth movements, at least until the last few decades when the orthodox-religious youth movement, Bnei Akiva, challenged its status. To be sure, flourishing youth societies, engaging youth above 16 years of age, existed before Habonim was founded. Known as Judean Societies, and Young Israel Societies, their activities were coordinated in 1932 through the formation of a Zionist Youth Council affiliated to the Zionist Federation. However, Habonim was the first youth movement that focused upon the adolescent age group (initially 12 to 16 years) and engaged each generation of its own graduates in the hadracha (guidance ) of the next generation of Jewish youth. When Norman and Nadia Lourie founded Habonim, it was essentially as a Jewish equivalent of Baden-Powell’s Boy Scouts. It was entirely independent and autonomous. Lourie himself had adopted the idea in London where he had joined Wellesley Aron in the founding of Habonim on the same model about a year earlier. Its underlying educational purpose was to foster character development in a healthily fun-filled, Jewishly meaningful and socially caring spirit. However, from the outset, the main emphasis was on identification with the Jewish national renaissance epitomized by Zionism. -
The Ewish One Dollar
ELUL, 5738 I SEPTEMBER, 1978 VOLUME XIII, NUMBER 5 THE EWISH ONE DOLLAR CHOOSING THE REPRESENTATIVES M:1'l'i!:> OF THE ORTHODOX JEWISH COMMUNITY By Election or Selection? n~,nni -a symposium, featuring presentations n:iiu by Bernard Fryshman and Nathan Lewin PIETY, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, AND PARENT POWER - an analysis by Dr. Jacob Mermelstein GROWING UP IN BRISK: REMEMBERING REB CHAIM ""~T - a reminiscence by Rabbi C.L. Ba/gley STRICTLY A MATTER OF PRINCIPlE - a report by Ezriel Toshavi ,q I SECOND LOOKS ' POST SCRIPTS LETTERS THE JEWISH BSERVER • THE JEWISH OBSERVER is In this issue published monthly, except Julv and August, by the Agudath !sra~I of America, 5 Beekman Street, New York, N.Y. 10038. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Subscription: $7.50 per year; Choosing the Representatives of the Orthodox Jewish two year<:., $13.00; three years, $18.00; outside of the United Community - by Election or Selection? States, $8.50 per year. Single copy, A JO Symposium, featuring presentations one dollar. Printed in the U.S.A. by Bernard Fryshman and Nathan Lewin ........................................ 3 Piety, Psychopathology, and Parent Power, RABBI NISSON WOLPIN Or. Jacob Mermelstein ................................................................. 13 Ediror Growing Up in Brisk: Remembering Reb Chaim, Editorial Board as recalled by Rabbi Chaim Leib Balgley ....................................... 21 DR. ERNST L BODENHEIMER Chairman Strictly a Matter of Principle, Ezriel Tosha vi ....................................... 27 RABBI NATHAN BULMAN RABBI JOSEPH ELIAS Second Looks at the Jewish Scene JOSEPH ERIEDENSON Close Encounters of a Wireless Kind ....................................... 35 RABBI MOSHE SHERER Brave New Heroes I .................................................................. 39 Soviet Jews and Political Reformers, THE JEWISH OBSERVER does not assume responsibility for the an interview with Hermann Branover, by Daniel Wall ................. -
History: Re-Birth of a Nation
From Modest Beginnings to a Vibrant State History: Re-Birth of a Nation The birthplace of the Jewish people is the Land of Israel (Eretz Yisrael). There, a significant part of the nation’s long history was enacted, of which the first thousand years are recorded in the Bible; there, it’s cultural, Remember the days of old, religious, and national identity was formed; and there, its physical consider the years of many presence has been maintained through the centuries, even after the generations... majority was forced into exile. During the many years of dispersion, the (Deuteronomy 32:7) Jewish people never severed nor forgot its bond with the Land. With the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, Jewish independence, lost 2,000 years earlier, was renewed. Israel The Jewish Homeland From Biblical Days Written by Professor Joshua Schwartz What makes a “homeland”? Is it the territory that binds an ethnic group together, a geographic entity possessing a long association with that ethnic group, perhaps its “country of origin” in which its national identity was born? This is how we usually think today of “Jewish homeland”: the term is often synonymous with “Jewish State,” “Homeland of the Jewish People,” “National Home for the Jewish People” and even State of Israel. These concepts, however, are modern and relate mostly to modern perceptions of national identity and geography. Perceptions change and, The story of Israel begins not in Israel but in Mesopotamia ABOVE: Jersualem’s thus, so, theoretically, might homelands. Thus, a Jewish “beyond the River” (Euphrates). God Himself, however, Old City contains Zachariah’s Tomb and homeland might be planned or established in Uganda, called us out to come to Canaan, the Land of Israel other ancient burials in Argentina, Birobidzhan, or a fictional one might be posited (Joshua 24:2-4). -
Disengagementsrael’S Renewing the Peace Process Plan
IDISENGAGEMENTsrael’s Renewing the Peace ProcessPlan 1 IDISENGAGEMENTDISENGAGEMENTsrael’s Renewing the Peace Process Plan IDISENGAGEMENTsrael’s Renewing the Peace Process Plan April 2005 2 Contents INTRODUCTION 3 EVOLUTION OF THE PLAN 5 KEY PROVISIONS OF THE DISENGAGEMENT PLAN 8 THE SHARM E-SHEIKH SUMMIT (FEBRUARY 8, 2005) 12 THE COST OF DISENGAGEMENT 14 REASON TO HOPE 16 APPENDIX: 1) Address by Prime Minister Ariel Sharon at the Fourth Herzliya Conference (December 18, 2003) 21 2) The Cabinet Resolution Regarding the Disengagement Plan (June 6, 2004) 25 3) Prime Minister Ariel Sharon’s Address to the Knesset – The Vote on the Disengagement Plan (October 24, 2004) 33 4) Excerpt from an Address by Foreign Minister Shalom to the Israel-British Chamber of Commerce (February 2, 2005) 37 5) Statement by Prime Minister Ariel Sharon at the Sharm e-Sheikh Summit (February 8, 2005) 38 5 IDISENGAGEMENTsrael’s Renewing the Peace Process Plan Introduction Hope for the prospects of peace has revived in recent months. The death of Yasser Arafat and the election of his successor, Mahmoud Abbas, have fostered the expectation of a new era in relations between Israelis and Palestinians. Within this context, Israel’s Disengagement Plan, introduced in December 2003, should be seen as an important step forward. Ever since the 1967 Six Day War brought Judea and Samaria (the West Bank) and the Gaza Strip under Israel’s administration, their status has been in contention. Israel was forced to wage that war in self-defense, and the disputed territories were held not as the object of conquest, but to be part of eventual negotiations for lasting peace. -
The Palestinian Shahid and the Development of the Model 21St Century Islamic Terrorist
California State University, San Bernardino CSUSB ScholarWorks Theses Digitization Project John M. Pfau Library 2008 The Palestinian Shahid and the development of the model 21st century Islamic terrorist Benjamin Timothy Acosta Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project Part of the Terrorism Studies Commons Recommended Citation Acosta, Benjamin Timothy, "The Palestinian Shahid and the development of the model 21st century Islamic terrorist" (2008). Theses Digitization Project. 3367. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3367 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the John M. Pfau Library at CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses Digitization Project by an authorized administrator of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE PALESTINIAN SHAHID AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF 'THE MODEL 2.1st CENTURY ISLAMIC' TERRORIST A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, San Bernardino In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in National Security Studies by Benjamin Timothy Acosta June 2008 THE PALESTINIAN SHAHID AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODEL 21st CENTURY ISLAMIC TERRORIST A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, San Bernardino by Benjamin Timothy Acosta June 2008 Approved by: Date © 2008 Benjamin T. Acosta ABSTRACT Since the early 1990s, Palestinian organizations have drawn from many sources and incrementally refined the process of suicide terrorism. By making the modus operandi socially acceptable and even fashionable, Palestinian organizations have normalized the deployment of suicide homicide bombers. These organizations have optimized the progress individuals take from reasoning and justifying to rationalizing and actually committing suicide terrorism. -
Gaza's Past and Gaza's Present
Gaza’s Past and Gaza’s Present by Lt. Col. (res.) Dr. Dany Shoham BESA Center Perspectives Paper No. 1,193, June 6, 2019 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Israel’s difficulties with Gaza have long historical antecedents. Philistia, an ancient geographical area that contained modern- day Gaza in its southern portion, was a trouble spot for the inhabitants of the Land of Israel as long ago as the time of Judges. The first Philistines (not to be confused with present-day Palestinians) were invading seamen originating from Kaphtor (Cyprus or Crete) who arrived on the Gaza coast, close to Grar Stream. They were aggressive and determined. After establishing a foothold in the territory, they gradually moved northward to Sorek Stream and beyond. Biblical Philistia contained the “Five Lords of the Philistines” (from south to north): Gaza, Ashkelon, Gath (between Kiryat Gat and Beit Shemesh of today), Ashdod, and Ekron (near today’s Kiryat Ekron). During the most recent round of fighting between Israel and Gaza (May 2019), Hamas frequently targeted Ashkelon, Kiryat Gat, Beit Shemesh, Ashdod, and Kityat Ekron. Their aim, as ever, was to kill Jewish civilians, though this time their further purpose was to condense their barrages in an effort to overwhelm the Iron Dome system. This was not the first time that Hamas, which has ruled Gaza since 2007, has targeted Gush Dan over the past decade. There is a powerful historical echo to these clashes. The Biblical Tribe of Dan, who were of course Israelites, dwelt for years directly in front of Northern Philistia, domain to domain, head to head. -
War in Palestine 1948: Strategy and Diplomacy / David Tal
WAR IN PALESTINE 1948 Strategy and Diplomacy CASS SERIES:ISRAELI HISTORY, POLITICS AND SOCIETY Series Editor:Efraim Karsh This series provides a multidisciplinary examination of all aspects of Israeli history, politics and society, and serves as a means of communication between the various communities inter- ested in Israel:academics, policy-makers, practitioners, journalists and the informed public. 1. Peace in the Middle East: The Challenge for Israel, edited by Efraim Karsh. 2. The Shaping of Israeli Identity: Myth, Memory and Trauma, edited by Robert Wistrich and David Ohana. 3. Between War and Peace: Dilemmas of Israeli Security, edited by Efraim Karsh. 4. US–Israeli Relations at the Crossroads, edited by Gabriel Sheffer. 5. Revisiting the Yom Kippur War, edited by P. R. Kumaraswamy. 6. Israel: The Dynamics of Change and Continuity, edited by David Levi-Faur, Gabriel Sheffer and David Vogel. 7. In Search of Identity: Jewish Aspects in Israeli Culture, edited by Dan Urian and Efraim Karsh. 8. Israel at the Polls, 1996, edited by Daniel J. Elazar and Shmuel Sandler. 9. From Rabin to Netanyahu: Israel’s Troubled Agenda, edited by Efraim Karsh. 10. Fabricating Israeli History: The ‘New Historians’, second revised edition, by Efraim Karsh. 11. Divided Against Zion: Anti-Zionist Opposition in Britain to a Jewish State in Palestine, 1945–1948, by Rory Miller. 12. Peacemaking in a Divided Society: Israel After Rabin, edited by Sasson Sofer. 13. A Twenty-Year Retrospective of Egyptian-Israeli Relations: Peace in Spite of Everything, by Ephraim Dowek. 14. Global Politics: Essays in Honour of David Vital, edited by Abraham Ben-Zvi and Aharon Klieman.