DOCSLIB.ORG

Word-Spelling Alphabet, July 1959

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Word-Spelling Alphabet, July 1959 Description of document: The Evolution and Rationale of the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) Word-Spelling Alphabet, July 1959 Requested date: 13-June-2010 Released date: 24-Mar-2011 Posted date: 28-Mar-2011 Source of document: 377 MSG/SCBF (FOIA) 2051 Wyoming Blvd., S.E. Kirtland AFB NM 87117 Email: Here The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website. From: "Evans, Marvin L Civ USAF AFMC 377 MSG/SCBF" <[email protected]> Date: Thu, 24 Mar 2011 13:48:49 -0600 Cc: "Evans, Marvin L Civ USAF AFMC 377 MSG/SCBF" <[email protected]> Subject: FW: 2010-07640-F This is in response to your 13 June 2010, Freedom of Information Act request for DTIC document AD227630, received by this office on 20 September 2010. The requested document is attached and the fee is waived. Marv Evans FOIA Manager (505) 846-7717 I - . .. - "I .. 1" o··F··rAr··· • :RO-~ARD .· .. · . .. ·.. • . , ..~, •. · · • . CO!fi'ROI, ONLY · by f~. ilrmed Services Jechnicallnformation Ogency ARLINGTON HALL SJ'ATION; AIUJNGTON 12 VIRGINIA FED "NOTICE: When Government .. or ot.her drawings. specifications o other data are used for aily p.urpose other than in conn£:tion a definitelv related. Gov~ro~ent pr~c:urement operation. the U.S. Government thereby inc':lrs ·no res~ns~biUty. nor any obligatior. whatsoever, and the fact that the _G~v~rnment may h~ve formul furnished. or in any way supplied the aaid .drawings. specificatior or other data ic not to be resirded by !mplication or otherwise in any n1anner licensing the. holder or any other person or corr tion, or conveying any rights or pe.rmissio~ to manuf~cture. use . sell any patented inven~ion that may 1n ~n·y way be r~lated the DISCLAIMER NOTICE THIS DOCUMENT. IS a·E-ST QUALITY PRACTICABLE. THE C·OPY F-URNISHED TO OTIC CONTAINED A SI.GNIFICANT NUMBER ·oF PAGES W·HICH DO NOT REPRODUCE .LEGIBLY. RF P.-oiecf 882 The Evolution an.d Ratio~ale.·of ·the JCAO orrJ-Spelling j\lphabet ... ' ... ,. AS 'f I A Technical Repcrt !'b. 52 _..,,. T.sss 4 Coniract No. Af 19(6(W),..CS75. - A1r force Cambridfe RfdCirch CentM Oparr.stional ApplicatioM Laboratory Bedford, Moss. n. Ohio~ U.W..*'f lteteorelt fou~Jdatloft ~e,OhiG '"' ICAO ALPHABET ICAO ALPHABET ··tc,A.O AlPfiABtT ICAO ALPHABET A ALFA A ALFA A ALFA A ALFA 8 BRAVO B BRAVO 8 ·BRAVO 8 BRAVO c CHARLIE c. CHARLIE· .C CHARLIE c CHARLIE 0 DELTA 0 DELTA . D DELTA D DELTA E ECHO E ECHO E· · EC~O E ECHO F FOXTROT F FOXTROT F . FOXTROT F FOXTROT c:; GOLF G GOLF G GOLF G GOLF H HOTEL H HOTEL H ·HOTEL H HOTEL I INDIA I INDIA I INDIA I INDIA J JULIETT J JULIETT J JULIETT J JULIETT K KU.O K KILO K KILO l( lt"ILO L liMA L LIMA L .LIMA l UMA M MIKE M. MIKE· ·M MIKE M MIKE N NOVEMBER N NOVEMBER N "!OVEM6ER N NOVEMBER 0 OSCAR 0 osoo 0 . OSCAR 0 OSCAR p PAPA p PAPA p PAPA p PAPA Q QUEBEC Q QUEBEc· Q QUEBEC Q QUEBEC R ROMEO R ROMEO R -ROMEO R ROMEO s SIERRA s SIEftR,~ s StEllA s SIERRA T TANGO T TANGO T' TANGO T TANGO u UNIFORM u UNIFORM u UNIFORM u UNiFORM v VICTOR v VICTOR V. .VICTOR v VICTOR w WHISKEY w WHISKEY ·w WHISKEY w WHISKEY X X--RAY X X·RAY · X X•RAY X X-RAY y YANKEE y YANKEE y . YANKEE y YANKEE z ZULU z Z~LU .z iULU z ZULU THE EV 0 L U Tl 0 N AND. RAT I 0 t~·fA l E ·0 F. -1 HE I C A 0 WORD-SPElll NG ~LP_H·~·6tT Henry M. Moser. THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY RESeARCH FOUNDATI0N Cohmibus 10, Ohi'o technical_ Report. 52· · RF Project 882 Contract No • AF 19 (60-4) 4575 July 1959 Prepared for OPERAliONAL APPUCATIONS·LA80RATORY AIR FOICE CAMBRIDGE RESEARCH CENTER AIR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPME.Ni' COMMAND UNITED STATES AIR. FORCE. BEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS ·SUMMARY The development of-the word-spellin~ aiP.hc#et is traced, and re~orch methods and findings 'Nhich led to the r~cotMlendation of the ICAO alphabet as on optimum list for inte.mational convnunicotioM ore summarized. Que~tion$ regardi.ns.t~ casirobility ond effiCiency of the new ::lphobet are discussed, wi~h the view to presen~ing ~hot the alpha­ bet intends to accomplish. S:-~ne 200 word alph~ts of' the.world are appended. u TA~LE OF CONTENTS Page Summary ii List of Figures iv List of PI ates iv Foreword " I. INTRODUCTION A. Word-Spelling Alphabet D!fined l 8. Origin of Word-:Spelling .Alphabet 1 C. Hi~tory of Alphabets .ih the U\ited States 2 D. History of fntemati~al Alphabets · 8 II. COMPARISON OF ICAO AND U.S-UK AI.PHABErs. 12 Ill. MODIFICATIONS TOWARD IMPROVEMENT OF ICAO ALPHABET 13 IV. PROBLEMS RELATED TO WORo-.SPELLING ALPHABETS 18 V. PROSLEMS OF SECLIRJ.NG ACCEPTANCE 21 VI. SUMMAR'/ AND CONCLUSION~ 29 ~R~NaS ~ APPENDIX- ALPHA~ET~ Of THE WORLD A. Alphabets of tM World 8. Compolite Listing of Equivalenf1 ill LIST OF FIGURES p~ US-UK Alphabet 15 2 Originol ICAO .Alph~t 16 3 Modified ICAO Alph<Jbet 17 LIST OF PLATES Early UM of the word alphabet 3 2 An early VM of the Ak Force ulphcabet 23 3 Annex 10 recom.Mndotion of p-cia~iOn for ICAO alphabet 28 · FOREWO'RD This report, campl_etea under Cont:oct A_F .19 (604) 4575, inclu~s a summary of work occomplh~ed unde; previous contracts ori$inoted by Operational Applications Laboratory, AFCRC, AROC, with Dr~ Karl D. Kryter, Dr. Irwin Pcllock and Dr. Herbert Rubenstein. serving as project monitors during the period covered by this re~orch · During the ~riod of alp~abet evoluotii')O, Dr. John J Dr~her served as princ!pol invest~gat~r. ?'nd f;)r. Hons Sperber as foreign lunguoge consul tont· for the project Individuals ond organization\ too n•.•meroiJ\ to list individually hove assisted in supplying t~ ")l.o":'PI~' ~!)llected in. the Appendix, and to them we e)(press our gratitude. tn port_icular, we ocknowol~dge_the.oswstance of member! of The Foreign S.rvi ce of the United S~ates o.,d of fo~ign embouies in Wamington. 1M number of ofphobets cOmpiled to date-has p<Wed beyond the original expectation of howo m\ll'ly might be included in this report. lnasriluch as all promising sources .kn~n to vs hOve now been investigated, it is ho,A.:l that this publication wHf pr0fr4>t those w.ith knowledge- of addit~onal. alp~abets to di n!ct them to our attention v THE EVOLUTION AND RATIONALE OF THF. ICAO WORD-SPELLING ALPHASET INTRODUCT.ION .. · . "fh~ comPilation of word-spe!"ling alphabets wos begur. d .. rirg World W-:1r II with •he ideo of~rodng the evol~tioo of the 1ystem! ~.~sed by civil orgol"izations and in the military· services. in the United States, and possibly discovering ·he original word alphabet. The coll .. rt'"" was extended durirg the ~riod of stud) and resea'"ch on on international alphabet to include those of other countries These alphabets proved of v~lue to indicate working pri,ciples, ;me! to provide a iorge vocabula!'f of likely words fre>m wbich. possibl~ alternatives migh~ be drown. Since th~n additional .alphabets havebeen discover~d and a iotal of 203 different Iitts are rejlroduced _i~ the Appendix." An intensive search has been mode of the published literature, old records ond files, and infervi_evn iaa-ve been he1'd with pe!1on5 having some knowletjge of oth,r. work i~. this field. lnqui ries havo been mode of foreign embassies in WCAhington, a$ well as. of member1 of the foreign diplom'J~ic services of the Lnited States. It is Sllrprising, c~siderif'g the number of olphabeh reForted and the research that must ha·;.oe been involved in their preparation, that so little is known. No mention of this communicatiOn d.tvic.o has b...-en found in ony of the nurnerO\#s histories thc;at have been wri.tten on radio, telephone, and other communi ... cation operations. Jt see:r~ strange, too, that no consideratiCK1 of this basic communicatioo tool·i$ eo~toined in any textbooli.on :;peech. A. Word-Spelli~ .Afphabet·O.fine'd A word-spelling alphabet "is a. convenHOf!~1 code of highly intelligible ond non-confusable words for ute in identifying letters of the alphabet.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • BOARD of REGENTS AGENDA ITEM 6B STATE of IOWA DECEMBER 5, 2012
    BOARD OF REGENTS AGENDA ITEM 6b STATE OF IOWA DECEMBER 5, 2012 Contact: Diana Gonzalez PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSIGNMENT REPORTS FOR FY 2012 Actions Requested: Receive the professional development assignment reports submitted by the Regent universities for FY 2012. Executive Summary: Each year, the Board of Regents is asked to approve faculty professional development assignments as specified in the Board Policy Manual §4.09. In December 2010 (Agenda Item #5), the Board approved 95 professional development assignments for FY 2012. Board Policy §4.09E directs the institutions to submit a yearly report of the completed professional development assignments. HF 45 specifies that “the board shall annually prepare a report comparing each assignment proposal to the results received.” A brief description of each professional development assignment completed in 2011-2012 is available in Attachments A-C (pages 3-33); this report provides information about the value added to the students, university, and state from the assignments, including more than $9.3 million of funds obtained during or after the faculty member’s professional development assignment; there are a number of grant proposals that have the potential for funding but they are still pending. This report addresses the Board of Regents Strategic Plan priority for “educational excellence and impact” as well as “economic development and vitality.” Background: Review process. A rigorous review process was conducted for each proposed professional development assignment. Faculty recipients were selected on the basis of peer review and recommendation at the department and college levels at each university and final approval by the provost. One of the criteria considered is the impact of the proposed professional development assignment to the university, students, and the state.
    [Show full text]
  • Cursive Letters Chart Az
    Cursive Letters Chart Az Is Rollin beadier or skewed when outtalks some boasts lazes bafflingly? Hermon summarise cordially while selfishness Englebart cares puritanically or gleams unlearnedly. Threadlike Teddie paunch, his floweriness imitates cobwebbing peevishly. These are a look at any form is not bitmap or twitter. Windows tool will not in alphabetical order to your child, learn and lowercase az cursive m or other calculators. Clipart for frying, which aims to have increased brain letter sounds as part way they will love story and anything that. Teaching your kids trace the first? Vision cool cursive topic. Make it may use a letters cursive chart az chart. These symbols are full content, and accessible teaching schools wilson fundations sound letters az cursive chart letters az chart. See how to write it suits various writing worksheet kids and ads, to write out individual letters small space. You with proper formation and lowercase small and coloring pages we go back as well. Created by double z cursive is a necessary practice will be changed back. This png image in this. Bc is black background to. Cut out of sizes offer free alphabet az uppercase and more added safety explained each printe letters az cursive chart letters and sounds, easy and creative microsoft word search of the rabbit from. Solid line without picking up your custom. Bubble fun platform designed around the chart cursive letters az chart contains alphabets. Will contain the topic of these phonics consonant blends of the result will receive an object as when there is. Most convenient features and arabic font manager to start.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Letters Pdf Free Download
    COMPLETE LETTERS PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Pliny the Younger,P. G. Walsh | 432 pages | 15 Jun 2009 | Oxford University Press | 9780199538942 | English | Oxford, United Kingdom Complete Letters PDF Book Namespaces Article Talk. Also there are many extra notes explaining the contents of the letters, along with description of history events that may coincide with a letter. Very few examples of this form of written Old English have survived, mostly as short inscriptions or fragments. Actually, I read this edition of Wilde's letters when it was reissued a couple of years back. You must be logged in to post a comment. Main article: English phonology. Informal English writing tends to omit diacritics because of their absence from the keyboard, while professional copywriters and typesetters tend to include them. Letterhead and envelope. I'm honestly wishing the Oscar Wilde trial never happened, he never married. They show who he truly was, a genius, but with weaknesses like all human beings, a very sensitive soul. Evie Dunmore on Writing a Suffragist Romance. In fact, it was a very peppered plethora of letters to people that fell into the following categories: 1. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Spelling alphabets such as the ICAO spelling alphabet , used by aircraft pilots, police and others, are designed to eliminate this potential confusion by giving each letter a name that sounds quite different from any other. Complaint letter about overbooked flight. Letter to Santa. The letter Y sometimes represents a consonant as in "young" and sometimes a vowel as in "myth". Like helium or neon 7 Little Words.
    [Show full text]
  • Language Specific Peculiarities Document for Cantonese As
    Language Specific Peculiarities Document for Cantonese as Spoken in the Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces of China 1. Dialects The name "Cantonese" is used either for all of the language varieties spoken in specific regions in the Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces of China and Hong Kong (i.e., the Yue dialects of Chinese), or as one particular variety referred to as the "Guangfu group" (Bauer & Benedict 1997). In instances where Cantonese is described as 'Cantonese "proper"' (i.e. used in the narrower sense), it refers to a variety of Cantonese that is spoken in the capital cities Guangzhou and Nanning, as well as in Hong Kong and Macau. This database includes Cantonese as spoken in the Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces of China only (i.e. not in Hong Kong); five dialect groups have been defined for Cantonese (see the following table)1. Three general principles have been used in defining these dialect groupings: (i) phonological variation, (ii) geographical variation, and (iii) lexical variation. With relation to phonological variation, although Cantonese is spoken in all of the regions listed in the table, there are differences in pronunciation. Differences in geographic locations also correlate with variations in lexical choice. Cultural differences are also correlated with linguistic differences, particularly in lexical choices. Area Cities (examples) Central Guangzhou, Conghua, Fogang (Shijiao), Guangdong Longmen, Zengcheng, Huaxian Group Northern Shaoguan, Qijiang, Lian Xian, Liannan, Guangdong Yangshan, Yingde, Taiping Group Northern
    [Show full text]
  • Summaries of Center for Fire Research In-House Projects and Grants - 1990
    NISTIR 4440 CENTER FOR FIRE RESEARCH In-House Projects and Grants - 1990 Sonya M. Cherry, Editor U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Institute of Standards and Technology National Engineering Laboratory Center for Fire Research Gaithersburg, Maryland f^l States Department of Commerce I VI I National Institute of Standards and Technology NISTIR 4440 SUMMARIES OF CENTER FOR FIRE RESEARCH IN-HOUSE PROJECTS AND GRANTS - 1990 Sonya M. Cherry, Editor U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Institute of Standards and Technology National Engineering Laboratory Center for Fire Research Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 October 1990 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Robert A. Mosbacher, Secretary National Institute of Standards and Technology, John W. Lyons, Director .>eoL = I. ' •Si V ^ . '',asttst*3 fO'^i - v..-^™ ic.oJorJx>»¥*/& -sS^tfc/uii* i»r.f**-'S4SW&fi " - ' - ^et6f , . 9 •’,-. i-^' 3 . ''4l^r - ti’ V^' 3 .s;#a vw ttM 'Ti * V.: f* PREFACE This report describes the research projects performed in the Center for Fire Research (CFR) and under its grants program during FY 1990. The Center is nationally recognized as the focal point for fire with an extremely competent multi- disciplinary technical staff that is supported by an excellent fire library and extensive laboratory facilities. The Center was created by the Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974 which authorized the Secretary of Commerce, through the Center, to conduct a fire research program directly or through contracts or grants. Therefore, in addition to its in-house program, the Center maintains a fire research grants program that supplements most of the in-house programs and supports most of the academic fire research in the country.
    [Show full text]
  • The Selectivity of the Na /K
    RESEARCH ARTICLE The selectivity of the Na+/K+-pump is controlled by binding site protonation and self-correcting occlusion Huan Rui1, Pablo Artigas2, BenoıˆtRoux1* 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States; 2Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, United States Abstract The Na+/K+-pump maintains the physiological K+ and Na+ electrochemical gradients across the cell membrane. It operates via an ’alternating-access’ mechanism, making iterative transitions between inward-facing (E1) and outward-facing (E2) conformations. Although the general features of the transport cycle are known, the detailed physicochemical factors governing the binding site selectivity remain mysterious. Free energy molecular dynamics simulations show that the ion binding sites switch their binding specificity in E1 and E2. This is accompanied by small structural arrangements and changes in protonation states of the coordinating residues. Additional computations on structural models of the intermediate states along the conformational transition pathway reveal that the free energy barrier toward the occlusion step is considerably increased when the wrong type of ion is loaded into the binding pocket, prohibiting the pump cycle from proceeding forward. This self-correcting mechanism strengthens the overall transport selectivity and protects the stoichiometry of the pump cycle. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.16616.001 Introduction *For correspondence: roux@ The Na+/K+-pump is a primary active membrane transporter present in nearly all animal cells. It uchicago.edu belongs to the P-type ATPase family, which utilizes the energy released from ATP hydrolysis to Competing interests: The move ions against their concentration gradients across a membrane barrier.
    [Show full text]
  • Alphabet Letters with Examples
    Alphabet Letters With Examples Snidely inveterate, Rik unshrouds miscreancies and yellows demerara. Colbert usually dethrones impassively or pietismunscrambling subedits apically while whenJohannes reviving hyphenates Regan urinating some representativeness eximiously and acrobatically. palingenetically. Lineate and jalapic Torr disjoins her In both of predicting risk in mind that contain targeted digraph sound and alphabet letters with examples For slot in the OED's entry for court letter g they write who the 13th c however virgin was besides some scribes wholly or partially discarded for y or gh a few. French Introductory lessons The alphabet L'alphabet. Alphabet Meaning Best 14 Definitions of Alphabet. This finding out of two to know more with alphabet, want to complete many letters on in pronunciation of letters and see often make. Letter no Name each Letter Similar English Sound Sample. Definition and examples of Alphabet ThoughtCo. Each letter names and alphabet letters with examples in international phonetic alphabet uses the manual alphabet bean bags is used with a phonetic notation and meaningful. English alphabet lowercase letters a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Examples of Lowercase Letters word every word above uses only lowercase. Graham s who has knowing the examples with alphabet letters and developmental sequence in a great ideas are obviously better. The fastest way to health the Spanish alphabet is to induce what ever letter. I've indicated the two sounds of th with the examples thin end this. Guidelines for the alphabetical arrangement of letters and sorting of numerals and.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethics and Operating Procedures for the Radio Amateur 1
    EETTHHIICCSS AANNDD OOPPEERRAATTIINNGG PPRROOCCEEDDUURREESS FFOORR TTHHEE RRAADDIIOO AAMMAATTEEUURR Edition 3 (June 2010) By John Devoldere, ON4UN and Mark Demeuleneere, ON4WW Proof reading and corrections by Bob Whelan, G3PJT Ethics and Operating Procedures for the Radio Amateur 1 PowerPoint version: A PowerPoint presentation version of this document is also available. Both documents can be downloaded in various languages from: http://www.ham-operating-ethics.org The PDF document is available in more than 25 languages. Translations: If you are willing to help us with translating into another language, please contact one of the authors (on4un(at)uba.be or on4ww(at)uba.be ). Someone else may already be working on a translation. Copyright: Unless specified otherwise, the information contained in this document is created and authored by John Devoldere ON4UN and Mark Demeuleneere ON4WW (the “authors”) and as such, is the property of the authors and protected by copyright law. Unless specified otherwise, permission is granted to view, copy, print and distribute the content of this information subject to the following conditions: 1. it is used for informational, non-commercial purposes only; 2. any copy or portion must include a copyright notice (©John Devoldere ON4UN and Mark Demeuleneere ON4WW); 3. no modifications or alterations are made to the information without the written consent of the authors. Permission to use this information for purposes other than those described above, or to use the information in any other way, must be requested in writing to either one of the authors. Ethics and Operating Procedures for the Radio Amateur 2 TABLE OF CONTENT Click on the page number to go to that page The Radio Amateur's Code .............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Telesales Magic
    RESOURCES: PHONETIC ALPHABET A Alpha The NATO phonetic alphabet listed here is more formally known as the B Bravo International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet. It is the most widely used C Charlie spelling alphabet in use around the world today. D Delta Though often called "phonetic alphabets", spelling alphabets have no E Echo connection to phonetic transcription systems like the International Phonetic F Foxtrot Alphabet. Instead, the NATO alphabet assigns code words to the letters of the G Golf English alphabet acrophonically (Alpha for A, Bravo for B, etc.) so that critical H Hotel combinations of letters (and numbers) can be pronounced and understood by those who transmit and receive voice messages by radio or telephone I India regardless of their native language. J Juliet K Kilo The paramount reason is to ensure intelligibility of voice signals either over L Lima radio links, or when in use over the telephone. M Mike In telesales, this alphabet can be used everyday when confirming order details, N November or address and contact information with prospects and clients. It can also be O Oscar used very effectively when leaving voicemails, too (TIP: always be sure to P Papa repeat your telephone number when leaving it on a voicemail). Q Quebec R Romeo The pronunciation of the words in the alphabet as well as numbers, when S Sierra required, may vary according to the language habits of the speakers. However, it can easily be seen (and heard!) that using the phonetic alphabet has massive T Tango impact when speaking on the telephone. U Uniform V Victor You can print this page out, and use it daily, or simply make a note of the list W Whiskey to the left in a size that is good for you - perhaps even sticking it to your X X-Ray telephone, or the side of the monitor, like a lot of other readers have.
    [Show full text]
  • Editon. INSTITUTION Mid-Am Rica Vocational Curriculum Consortium, Stillwater, Okla
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 327 660 CE 056 670 AUTHOR Buck, Sue; And Others TITLE Exploring Aeronautics and Space Technology. Teacher Editon. INSTITUTION Mid-Am rica Vocational Curriculum Consortium, Stillwater, Okla. PUB DATE 91 NOTE 435p. AVATLABLE FROM Mid-America Vocational Curriculum Consortium, Inc., 1500 West Seventh Avenue, Stillwater, OK 74074 (orde: no. 900101: $26.00). PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use - Guides (For Teachers) (052) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS *Aerospace Education; *Aerospace Technology; Air Transportation; Behavioral Objectives; Career Education; *Communications Satellites; Course Descriptions; Curriculum Guides; Learning Activities; Postsecondary Education; Secondary Education; Space Exploration; Space Sciences; Tests; Units of Study IDENTIFIERS Technology Education ABSTRACT This curriculum guide contains six units of instruction for an introduction to the technology systems in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Designed to !)e used either as a stand-alone publication or to be infused into the instruction and activities of an existing technology education program, this publication describes the interrelationship of the various technology systems in NASA. Introductory materials include a tools, materials, and equipment list; a list of 20 references; an instructional/task analysis that correlates related information with job training; and information on resources for teachers. Each instructional unit includes some or all of the following basic components:
    [Show full text]
  • III. Completed Research Projects
    III. Completed Research Projects “a summary of any research project completed in the preceding biennium;” This section includes summaries of all projects completed, including research projects. •The following documents are summaries of accomplishments for each appropriation year and short abstracts for all projects completed since the previous biennial report of January 15, 2013. •The abstracts describe the general accomplishments of each project for completed projects. See http://www.lccmr.leg.mn. • Research projects have been marked as such in the description. • Full final reports are available at the LCCMR, Room 65 ‐ State Office Building. The abstracts are current as of 12/31/2014. •95 Projects were completed for a total of $59,562,000. •Legal Citations 1. M.L. 2013, Chapter 52, Section 2 2. M.L. 2011, First Special Session, Chapter 2, Article 3, Section 2 3. M.L. 2010, Chapter 362, Section 2 4. M.L. 2009, Chapter 143, Section 2 5. M.L. 2008, Chapter 367, Section 2 • Spreadsheet of all research projects completed between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2014. 1. M.L. 2013 Projects Completed January 15, 2013 – January 15, 2015 MN Laws 2013, Chapter 52, Section 2 M.L. 2013 Projects Completed in 2013‐2014 M.L. 2013 Projects MN Laws 2013, Chapter 52, Section 2 (beginning July 1, 2013) NOTE: For all projects, contact us to obtain the most up‐to‐date work programs for current projects (project updates are required twice each year) or the final reports of completed projects. When available, we have provided links to web sites related to the project.
    [Show full text]
  • "Stick to the Script: Orthographies, Fonts and Philosophy"
    Stick to the Script Orthographies, Fonts and Philosophy David J. Peterson http://dedalvs.com/ 1 W Ø ¢ A, b, c … , , … Most of us create languages for fun. Few things are more fun than creating a new writing system (Peterson, 2009). Today: What writing systems exist; how to create them; how to create fonts; other more exciting things. 2 Some Definitions Orthography: A language’s writing system (includes punctuation, numbers, etc.). Script: The system of characters/marks used in an orthography (e.g. the Roman script is used to write English). Romanization: How one uses the Roman script to write a language whose orthography does not typically use the Roman script. 3 More Definitions... Phoneme: A sonic unit utilized by languages, e.g. /x/. Phonetic Symbol: The phonetic value of a given phoneme, e.g. [x]. Grapheme: A symbol used in an orthography, e.g. <x> or x. 4 Schedule Types of Writing Systems Orthography Creation Font Creation Final Thoughts 5 Writing Systems In English, we learn our A, B, C’s. In Chinese, a special secondary script is used to teach children how to use the actual Chinese script. Why doesn’t everyone just use the Roman alphabet? 6 Alphabetic Systems An alphabetic system assigns glyphs to sounds. In such systems, vowels and consonants are treated equally. Spanish: <A, a> = /a/, <T, t> = /t/ 7 Abjads In abjads, consonants are prominent, and vowels have a somewhat inferior role and are often omitted. /tatakalam/ = ﺗَﺘَﻜَﻠَﻢ or ﺗﺘﻜﻠﻢ :Arabic “you say” 8 Alphasyllabaries In alphasyllabaries, consonants have basic forms, and vowel characters are added to them.
    [Show full text]