A New Mineral Ferrisanidine, K [Fe3+ Si3o8], the First Natural Feldspar

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

A New Mineral Ferrisanidine, K [Fe3+ Si3o8], the First Natural Feldspar minerals Article 3+ A New Mineral Ferrisanidine, K[Fe Si3O8], the First Natural Feldspar with Species-Defining Iron Nadezhda V. Shchipalkina 1,*, Igor V. Pekov 1, Sergey N. Britvin 2,3 , Natalia N. Koshlyakova 1, Marina F. Vigasina 1 and Evgeny G. Sidorov 4 1 Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia; igorpekov@mail.ru (I.V.P.); nkoshlyakova@gmail.com (N.N.K.); vigasina@geol.msu.ru (M.F.V.) 2 Department of Crystallography, St Petersburg State University, University Embankment 7/9, St Petersburg 199034, Russia; sbritvin@gmail.com 3 Nanomaterials Research Center, Kola Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Fersman Str. 14, Apatity 184209, Russia 4 Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Piip Boulevard 9, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky 683006, Russia; mineral@kscnet.ru * Correspondence: estel58@yandex.ru Received: 10 November 2019; Accepted: 9 December 2019; Published: 11 December 2019 3+ Abstract: Ferrisanidine, K[Fe Si3O8], the first natural feldspar with species-defining iron, is an analogue of sanidine bearing Fe3+ instead of Al. It was found in exhalations of the active Arsenatnaya fumarole at the Second scoria cone of the Northern Breakthrough of the Great Fissure Tolbachik Eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. The associated minerals are aegirine, cassiterite, hematite, sylvite, halite, johillerite, arsmirandite, axelite, aphthitalite. Ferrisanidine forms porous crusts composed by cavernous short prismatic crystals or irregular grains up to 10 µm 20 µm. × Ferrisanidine is transparent, colorless to white, the lustre is vitreous. D is 2.722 g cm 3. The calc · − chemical composition of ferrisanidine (wt. %, electron microprobe) is: Na2O 0.25, K2O 15.15, Al2O3 0.27, Fe2O3 24.92, SiO2 60.50, in total 101.09. The empirical formula calculated based on 8 O apfu is 3+ (K0.97Na0.03)S1.00(Si3.03Fe 0.94Al0.02)S3.99O8. The crystal structure of ferrisanidine was studied using the Rietveld method, the final R indices are: Rp = 0.0053, Rwp = 0.0075, R1 = 0.0536. Parameters of the 3 monoclinic unit cell are: a = 8.678(4), b = 13.144(8), c = 7.337(5) Å, β = 116.39(8)◦, V = 749.6(9) Å . Space group is C2/m. The crystal structure of ferrisanidine is based on the sanidine-type “ferrisilicate” 3+ framework formed by disordered [SiO4] and [Fe O4] tetrahedra. Keywords: ferrisanidine; new mineral; sanidine; feldspar group; iron in feldspar; crystal structure; fumarole; Tolbachik volcano; Kamchatka 1. Introduction High content of iron is extremely rare for feldspar-group minerals. In most cases, the content of Fe2O3 in natural feldspars is not higher than 3 wt. % and all Fe-rich samples of minerals of this group belong to potassic feldspars [1,2]. The K-feldspar with distinct content of Fe2O3 (2.5–3.0 wt. %) was first described by Alfred Lacroix in 1912 from granitic pegmatites at Madagascar. Its optical properties are close to those of sanidine [3]. Fe-enriched (6.3 wt. % Fe2O3) potassic feldspar was described from manganese-rich skarns of the famous Långban deposit, Filipstad, Sweden [4]. “Sanidine” 3+ with 13.7 wt. % Fe2O3 and the empirical formula (K0.95Na0.03)[Si3.08Fe 0.50Al0.40O8] was reported by [5] from lamproites of Cancarix, Spain. Other researchers [6] published data on zoned crystals of sanidine with zones containing up to 18.4 wt. % Fe2O3 from leucite- and sanidine-bearing lavas of Leucite Hills, Wyoming, USA. The empirical formula of the most Fe-rich zone in these crystals is Minerals 2019, 9, 770; doi:10.3390/min9120770 www.mdpi.com/journal/minerals Minerals 2019, 9, 770 2 of 17 3+ (K0.96Na0.04)S1.00[(Si3.02Fe 0.70Al0.20Mg0.05Ti0.03)S4.00O8]. In both these cases, an Fe-dominant (Fe > Al in atom proportions) feldspar occurs as thin rims on sanidine crystals. However, no X-ray diffraction (XRD)Minerals data 2019 for, natural9, x FOR PEER samples REVIEW of Fe-dominant feldspars were published and, therefore,2 of nothing 18 on crystallography of these minerals and the distribution of Si, Al and Fe in their crystal structures Al in atom proportions) feldspar occurs as thin rims on sanidine crystals. However, no X-ray is known. diffraction (XRD) data for natural samples of Fe-dominant feldspars were published and, therefore, Unlikenothing natural on crystallography Fe-rich feldspars, of thes synthetice minerals ferri-feldspars and the distribution are well-studied. of Si, Al and TheFe in first their experimental crystal 3+ data revealingstructures is the known. possibility of Fe presence in the feldspar-type crystal structure were obtained 3+ by [7], whoUnlike synthesized natural so-calledFe-rich Fe-orthoclase.feldspars, synthetic Later theferri-feldspars investigation are ofwell-studied. the KAlSi3O 8The–KFe firstSi 3O8 3+ 3+ solid-solutionexperimental series data and revealing transitions the possibility between of monoclinic Fe presence and in the triclinic feldspar-type forms of crystal K[Fe structureSi3O8] were were the focusobtained of many by studies [7], who [8– 13synthesized]. so-called Fe-orthoclase. Later the investigation of the KAlSi3O8– KFe3+Si3O8 solid-solution series and transitions between monoclinic and triclinic3+ forms of K[Fe3+Si3O8] In this paper, we describe a natural feldspar chemically close to KFe Si3O8 found in fumarole sublimateswere the at thefocus Tolbachik of many studies volcano, [8–13]. Kamchatka, Russia. This new mineral was named ferrisanidine In this paper, we describe a natural feldspar chemically close to KFe3+Si3O8 found in fumarole as an analogue of sanidine with Fe3+ instead of Al. Both the new mineral and its name have been sublimates at the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. This new mineral was named ferrisanidine approved by the IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification, IMA No. as an analogue of sanidine with Fe3+ instead of Al. Both the new mineral and its name have been 2019-052.approved The typeby the specimen IMA Commission is deposited on New in the Minera collectionls, Nomenclature of the Fersman and Classification, Mineralogical IMA Museum No. of the Russian2019-052. Academy The type ofspecimen Sciences, is deposited Moscow, in Russia, the collection with catalogue of the Fersman number Mineralogical 96732. Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, with catalogue number 96732. 2. Background Information: Crystal Structure and Nomenclature of Potassic Feldspars 2. Background Information: Crystal Structure and Nomenclature of Potassic Feldspars Feldspar-type crystal structures are well-studied. Crystal chemistry of feldspars is described in many publicationsFeldspar-type including crystal severalstructures handbooks are well-studied. [1,2,14 Crystal–16]. The chemistry feldspar of structuralfeldspars is archetype described in unites many publications including several handbooks [1,2,14–16]. The feldspar structural archetype unites compounds with the general formula AT4O8. Until the present work, the species-defining constituents in validcompounds feldspar-group with the minerals general formula were as AT follows:4O8. Until tetrahedrally the present work, coordinated the species-definingT = Si, Al, B,constituents and As5+ and in valid feldspar-group minerals were as follows: tetrahedrally coordinated T = Si, Al, B, and As5+ and extra-framework cations A = Na, K, Rb, NH4, Ca, Sr, and Ba. extra-framework cations A = Na, K, Rb, NH4, Ca, Sr, and Ba. The crystal structure of feldspars is based on a three-dimensional framework composed by The crystal structure of feldspars is based on a three-dimensional framework composed by corner-sharing TO tetrahedra. The main structural unit is a chain of four-membered rings, called as corner-sharing4 TO4 tetrahedra. The main structural unit is a chain of four-membered rings, called as “double“double crankshaft”. crankshaft”. These These rings rings consist consist of tetrahedraof tetrahedraT(1) T(1) and andT (2)T(2) (in (in ordered ordered species, species, TT10,10, T1m,, T20 and TT220m). and The T2 doublem). The crankshaftsdouble crankshafts repeat repeat throughout throughout space space by cby-translations c-translations and and are are linked linked with one anotherone as another shown as in shown Figure in1 Figure. 1. Figure 1. Two double-crankshaft chains parallel to the a axis in the crystal structure of ferrisanidine: the leftFigure figure 1. isTwo a schematic double-crankshaft illustration chains of crankshaftparallel to the chains a axis where in the eachcrystal line structure becomes of ferrisanidine: a branch joining the left figure is a schematic illustration of crankshaft chains where each line becomes a branch joining nodes, in which tetrahedrally coordinated T atoms located, of a four-connected net; the right figure is a nodes, in which tetrahedrally coordinated T atoms located, of a four-connected net; the right figure is projection of double-crankshaft chains parallel to the a axis with outlined TO4 tetrahedra and K atoms; a projection of double-crankshaft chains parallel to the a axis with outlined TO4 tetrahedra and K the loweratoms; figure the lower displays figure the displays projection the projection of the ferrisanidine of the ferrisanidine crystal crystal structure structure along along the a theaxis. a axis. Minerals 2019, 9, 770 3 of 17 The extra-framework A cations are located in the interstices, on the (010) mirror plane in monoclinic feldspars or near the plane in triclinic feldspars. All feldspars have topological monoclinic symmetry C2/m which can be lowered to C1 or I2/c in the fully T-ordered species. Ordering at tetrahedral sites T causes an appearance of several polymorphs of potassic feldspar, ideally K[AlSi3O8]. Sanidine (C2/m) is a disordered species; if the Al content at T(1) is < 0.50 atoms per formula unit (apfu), the term high sanidine is used, while the variety with Al content at T(1) between 0.50 and 0.75 apfu is named low sanidine.
Recommended publications
  • Anorogenic Alkaline Granites from Northeastern Brazil: Major, Trace, and Rare Earth Elements in Magmatic and Metamorphic Biotite and Na-Ma®C Mineralsq
    Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 19 (2001) 375±397 www.elsevier.nl/locate/jseaes Anorogenic alkaline granites from northeastern Brazil: major, trace, and rare earth elements in magmatic and metamorphic biotite and Na-ma®c mineralsq J. Pla Cida,*, L.V.S. Nardia, H. ConceicËaÄob, B. Boninc aCurso de PoÂs-GraduacËaÄo em in GeocieÃncias UFRGS. Campus da Agronomia-Inst. de Geoc., Av. Bento GoncËalves, 9500, 91509-900 CEP RS Brazil bCPGG-PPPG/UFBA. Rua Caetano Moura, 123, Instituto de GeocieÃncias-UFBA, CEP- 40210-350, Salvador-BA Brazil cDepartement des Sciences de la Terre, Laboratoire de PeÂtrographie et Volcanologie-Universite Paris-Sud. Centre d'Orsay, Bat. 504, F-91504, Paris, France Accepted 29 August 2000 Abstract The anorogenic, alkaline silica-oversaturated Serra do Meio suite is located within the Riacho do Pontal fold belt, northeast Brazil. This suite, assumed to be Paleoproterozoic in age, encompasses metaluminous and peralkaline granites which have been deformed during the Neoproterozoic collisional event. Preserved late-magmatic to subsolidus amphiboles belong to the riebeckite±arfvedsonite and riebeckite± winchite solid solutions. Riebeckite±winchite is frequently rimmed by Ti±aegirine. Ti-aegirine cores are strongly enriched in Nb, Y, Hf, and REE, which signi®cantly decrease in concentrations towards the rims. REE patterns of Ti-aegirine are strikingly similar to Ti-pyroxenes from the IlõÂmaussaq peralkaline intrusion. Recrystallisation of mineral assemblages was associated with deformation although some original grains are still preserved. Magmatic annite was converted into magnetite and biotite with lower Fe/(Fe 1 Mg) ratios. Recrystallised amphibole is pure riebeckite. Magmatic Ti±Na-bearing pyroxene was converted to low-Ti aegirine 1 titanite ^ astrophyllite/aenigmatite.
    [Show full text]
  • New Minerals Approved Bythe Ima Commission on New
    NEW MINERALS APPROVED BY THE IMA COMMISSION ON NEW MINERALS AND MINERAL NAMES ALLABOGDANITE, (Fe,Ni)l Allabogdanite, a mineral dimorphous with barringerite, was discovered in the Onello iron meteorite (Ni-rich ataxite) found in 1997 in the alluvium of the Bol'shoy Dolguchan River, a tributary of the Onello River, Aldan River basin, South Yakutia (Republic of Sakha- Yakutia), Russia. The mineral occurs as light straw-yellow, with strong metallic luster, lamellar crystals up to 0.0 I x 0.1 x 0.4 rnrn, typically twinned, in plessite. Associated minerals are nickel phosphide, schreibersite, awaruite and graphite (Britvin e.a., 2002b). Name: in honour of Alia Nikolaevna BOG DAN OVA (1947-2004), Russian crys- tallographer, for her contribution to the study of new minerals; Geological Institute of Kola Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity. fMA No.: 2000-038. TS: PU 1/18632. ALLOCHALCOSELITE, Cu+Cu~+PbOZ(Se03)P5 Allochalcoselite was found in the fumarole products of the Second cinder cone, Northern Breakthrought of the Tolbachik Main Fracture Eruption (1975-1976), Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. It occurs as transparent dark brown pris- matic crystals up to 0.1 mm long. Associated minerals are cotunnite, sofiite, ilin- skite, georgbokiite and burn site (Vergasova e.a., 2005). Name: for the chemical composition: presence of selenium and different oxidation states of copper, from the Greek aA.Ao~(different) and xaAxo~ (copper). fMA No.: 2004-025. TS: no reliable information. ALSAKHAROVITE-Zn, NaSrKZn(Ti,Nb)JSi401ZJz(0,OH)4·7HzO photo 1 Labuntsovite group Alsakharovite-Zn was discovered in the Pegmatite #45, Lepkhe-Nel'm MI.
    [Show full text]
  • A New REE-Fluorcarbonate Mineral from the Aris Phonolite (Namibia), with Descriptions of the Crystal Structures of Arisite-(La) and Arisite-(Ce)
    Mineralogical Magazine, April 2010, Vol. 74(2), pp. 257–268 Arisite-(La), a new REE-fluorcarbonate mineral from the Aris phonolite (Namibia), with descriptions of the crystal structures of arisite-(La) and arisite-(Ce) 1, 2 1 3 4 1 1 P. C. PIILONEN *, A. M. MCDONALD ,J.D.GRICE ,M.A.COOPER ,U.KOLITSCH ,R.ROWE ,R.A.GAULT 1 AND G. POIRIER 1 ResearchDivision, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P, Canada 2 Department of EarthSciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada 3 Department of Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada 4 Mineralogisch-Petrographische Abt., Naturhistorisches Museum, Burgring 7, A-1010 Wien, Austria [Received 14 January 2010; Accepted 14 April 2010] ABSTRACT Arisite-(La), ideally NaLa2(CO3)2[F2x(CO3)1Àx]F, is a new layered REE-fluorcarbonate mineral from miarolitic cavities within the Aris phonolite, Namibia (IMA no. 2009-019). It occurs as distinct chemical zones mixed with its Ce-analogue, arisite-(Ce). Crystals are vitreous, transparent beige, beige- yellow, light lemon-yellow to pinkish, and occur as tabular prisms up to 1.5 mm. Arisite-(La) is brittle, has conchoidal fracture, poor cleavage perpendicular to (001), a Mohs hardness of ~3À3Ý, is not fluorescent in either long- or shortwave UV radiation, dissolves slowly in dilute HCl at room À3 temperature and sinks in methylene iodide, Dcalc. = 4.072 g cm . Arisite-(La) is uniaxial negative, has sharp extinction, with both o and e exhibiting a range of values within each grain: o = 1.696À1.717(4) and e = 1.594À1.611(3), a result of chemical zoning attributed to both Ce > La and Na > Ca substitutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Unusual Silicate Mineralization in Fumarolic Sublimates of the Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia – Part 2: Tectosilicates
    Eur. J. Mineral., 32, 121–136, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-121-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unusual silicate mineralization in fumarolic sublimates of the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia – Part 2: Tectosilicates Nadezhda V. Shchipalkina1, Igor V. Pekov1, Natalia N. Koshlyakova1, Sergey N. Britvin2,3, Natalia V. Zubkova1, Dmitry A. Varlamov4, and Eugeny G. Sidorov5 1Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia 2Department of Crystallography, St Petersburg State University, University Embankment 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia 3Kola Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Fersman Str. 14, 184200 Apatity, Russia 4Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademika Osypyana ul., 4, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia 5Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Piip Boulevard 9, 683006 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia Correspondence: Nadezhda V. Shchipalkina (estel58@yandex.ru) Received: 19 June 2019 – Accepted: 1 November 2019 – Published: 29 January 2020 Abstract. This second of two companion articles devoted to silicate mineralization in fumaroles of the Tol- bachik volcano (Kamchatka, Russia) reports data on chemistry, crystal chemistry and occurrence of tectosil- icates: sanidine, anorthoclase, ferrisanidine, albite, anorthite, barium feldspar, leucite, nepheline, kalsilite, so- dalite and hauyne. Chemical and genetic features of fumarolic silicates are also summarized and discussed. These minerals are typically enriched with “ore” elements (As, Cu, Zn, Sn, Mo, W). Significant admixture of 5C As (up to 36 wt % As2O5 in sanidine) substituting Si is the most characteristic. Hauyne contains up to 4.2 wt % MoO3 and up to 1.7 wt % WO3.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Abbreviations
    List of Abbreviations Ab albite Cbz chabazite Fa fayalite Acm acmite Cc chalcocite Fac ferroactinolite Act actinolite Ccl chrysocolla Fcp ferrocarpholite Adr andradite Ccn cancrinite Fed ferroedenite Agt aegirine-augite Ccp chalcopyrite Flt fluorite Ak akermanite Cel celadonite Fo forsterite Alm almandine Cen clinoenstatite Fpa ferropargasite Aln allanite Cfs clinoferrosilite Fs ferrosilite ( ortho) Als aluminosilicate Chl chlorite Fst fassite Am amphibole Chn chondrodite Fts ferrotscher- An anorthite Chr chromite makite And andalusite Chu clinohumite Gbs gibbsite Anh anhydrite Cld chloritoid Ged gedrite Ank ankerite Cls celestite Gh gehlenite Anl analcite Cp carpholite Gln glaucophane Ann annite Cpx Ca clinopyroxene Glt glauconite Ant anatase Crd cordierite Gn galena Ap apatite ern carnegieite Gp gypsum Apo apophyllite Crn corundum Gr graphite Apy arsenopyrite Crs cristroballite Grs grossular Arf arfvedsonite Cs coesite Grt garnet Arg aragonite Cst cassiterite Gru grunerite Atg antigorite Ctl chrysotile Gt goethite Ath anthophyllite Cum cummingtonite Hbl hornblende Aug augite Cv covellite He hercynite Ax axinite Czo clinozoisite Hd hedenbergite Bhm boehmite Dg diginite Hem hematite Bn bornite Di diopside Hl halite Brc brucite Dia diamond Hs hastingsite Brk brookite Dol dolomite Hu humite Brl beryl Drv dravite Hul heulandite Brt barite Dsp diaspore Hyn haiiyne Bst bustamite Eck eckermannite Ill illite Bt biotite Ed edenite Ilm ilmenite Cal calcite Elb elbaite Jd jadeite Cam Ca clinoamphi- En enstatite ( ortho) Jh johannsenite bole Ep epidote
    [Show full text]
  • Eudialyte Decomposition Minerals with New Hitherto Undescribed Phases from the Ilímaussaq Complex, South Greenland
    View metadata,Downloaded citation and from similar orbit.dtu.dk papers on:at core.ac.uk Dec 18, 2017 brought to you by CORE provided by Online Research Database In Technology Eudialyte decomposition minerals with new hitherto undescribed phases from the Ilímaussaq complex, South Greenland Karup-Møller, Sven; Rose-Hansen, J.; Sørensen, H. Published in: Geological Society of Denmark. Bulletin Publication date: 2010 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Karup-Møller, S., Rose-Hansen, J., & Sørensen, H. (2010). Eudialyte decomposition minerals with new hitherto undescribed phases from the Ilímaussaq complex, South Greenland. Geological Society of Denmark. Bulletin, 58, 75-88. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Eudialyte decomposition minerals with new hitherto undescribed phases from the Ilímaussaq complex, South Greenland S. Karup-MøllEr, J. roSE-HanSEn & H. SørEnSEn S.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Occurrence of Aegirine-Augite in Natrolite Veins in the Dolerite from Nemuro, Hokkaidô
    Title On the Occurrence of Aegirine-Augite in Natrolite Veins in the Dolerite from Nemuro, Hokkaidô Author(s) Suzuki, Jun Citation Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido Imperial University. Ser. 4, Geology and mineralogy, 4(1-2), 183-191 Issue Date 1938 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/35786 Type bulletin (article) File Information 4(1-2)_183-192.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP LeN rMs occwRwaNos os AncxRxNgptAwGg grE xN NA"wRozxma vmNs xN fg:ffE DoLwaEfscme waeM NwwvaO, moKKAXDO A By kxx SvzuKx With X .Pla・te anal 3 TextofZgu7'es Con£ributioR from the Department of Geology and Mineyalogy, Faculty of Scienee, ffokkaid6 Imperial Univevsity, No. I98. xNTRoDvcxnxoN In the Nemuro Peninsula, the eastern extreme of Hokkaid6, 'there is an exteiisive area of the SeRonian Fermation, whieh is geve- erally moRoclinai with a NEE tyend a]id a dip 15-- 200 to SSE. The 'forraation is leeally cut by innumerable sills and lav.as of doleritie rocl<s whieh vary in thickness from ten to tweRty meteys. Veyy pre£ty joints in platy or radial form are obsexved in.the roeks at eertain iocalities. The doleritie rocks have attracted the petrologist's attei3tion on aeeeunt o£ their eoBtaining analeime phenoerysts akct being penetrated by mimeyous zeolite veinlets. Aceording to Y. SAsA,(i) similar igneous rocl<s are extensively developed in Sikotan Is}aRd which is situated at the easterR extxemity of the frontal zone o£ the South Kurile Islands. [l]he present writer made a j'ourney with Y.
    [Show full text]
  • Minerals Found in Michigan Listed by County
    Michigan Minerals Listed by Mineral Name Based on MI DEQ GSD Bulletin 6 “Mineralogy of Michigan” Actinolite, Dickinson, Gogebic, Gratiot, and Anthonyite, Houghton County Marquette counties Anthophyllite, Dickinson, and Marquette counties Aegirinaugite, Marquette County Antigorite, Dickinson, and Marquette counties Aegirine, Marquette County Apatite, Baraga, Dickinson, Houghton, Iron, Albite, Dickinson, Gratiot, Houghton, Keweenaw, Kalkaska, Keweenaw, Marquette, and Monroe and Marquette counties counties Algodonite, Baraga, Houghton, Keweenaw, and Aphrosiderite, Gogebic, Iron, and Marquette Ontonagon counties counties Allanite, Gogebic, Iron, and Marquette counties Apophyllite, Houghton, and Keweenaw counties Almandite, Dickinson, Keweenaw, and Marquette Aragonite, Gogebic, Iron, Jackson, Marquette, and counties Monroe counties Alunite, Iron County Arsenopyrite, Marquette, and Menominee counties Analcite, Houghton, Keweenaw, and Ontonagon counties Atacamite, Houghton, Keweenaw, and Ontonagon counties Anatase, Gratiot, Houghton, Keweenaw, Marquette, and Ontonagon counties Augite, Dickinson, Genesee, Gratiot, Houghton, Iron, Keweenaw, Marquette, and Ontonagon counties Andalusite, Iron, and Marquette counties Awarurite, Marquette County Andesine, Keweenaw County Axinite, Gogebic, and Marquette counties Andradite, Dickinson County Azurite, Dickinson, Keweenaw, Marquette, and Anglesite, Marquette County Ontonagon counties Anhydrite, Bay, Berrien, Gratiot, Houghton, Babingtonite, Keweenaw County Isabella, Kalamazoo, Kent, Keweenaw, Macomb, Manistee,
    [Show full text]
  • TUGTUPITE: a GEMSTONE from GREENLAND by Aage Jensen and Ole V
    TUGTUPITE: A GEMSTONE FROM GREENLAND By Aage Jensen and Ole V. Petersen The red variety of the mineral tugtupite, a rare is derived from the locality where the mineral silicate closely related to sodalite, has been used as was first found. In 1965, the Commission on New a gemstone since 1965. This article presents the Minerals and Mineral Names of the International history of the mineral and details of its mineralogy Mineralogical Association approved both the and gemology. A recently discovered light blue mineral and the name. variety of tugtupite is also described. Thus far, Dan0 (1966) described the crystal structure of tugiupite has been found in only two localities: (1) tugtupite. A detailed description of the crystal Lovozero, Kola Peninsula, U.S.S.R., where it occurs as very small1 grains; and (2) Ilimaussaq, South habit, the pseudocubic penetration trillings, and Greenland, where it has been located at several the numerous localities where tugtupite had been places within the Ilimaussaq intrusion. Gem-quality found from the time that it was first traced at tugtupite has come almost exclusively from one Tugtup agtalzorfia until 1971 (including the only occurrence, a set of hydrothermal albite veins from one that has produced gem material of any sig- the Kvanefjeld plateau in the northwestern corner of nificance) was presented by S0rensen et al. (1971). the Ilimaussaq intrusion. Another type of twin, pseudotrigonal contact trillings, was subsequently described by Petersen (19781. The tugtupite from the type locality was The mineral that is now known as tugtupite was described as white, but Sflrensen (1960)mentions discovered in 1957 by Professor H.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification Tables for Common Minerals in Thin Section
    Identification Tables for Common Minerals in Thin Section These tables provide a concise summary of the properties of a range of common minerals. Within the tables, minerals are arranged by colour so as to help with identification. If a mineral commonly has a range of colours, it will appear once for each colour. To identify an unknown mineral, start by answering the following questions: (1) What colour is the mineral? (2) What is the relief of the mineral? (3) Do you think you are looking at an igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary rock? Go to the chart, and scan the properties. Within each colour group, minerals are arranged in order of increasing refractive index (which more or less corresponds to relief). This should at once limit you to only a few minerals. By looking at the chart, see which properties might help you distinguish between the possibilities. Then, look at the mineral again, and check these further details. Notes: (i) Name: names listed here may be strict mineral names (e.g., andalusite), or group names (e.g., chlorite), or distinctive variety names (e.g., titanian augite). These tables contain a personal selection of some of the more common minerals. Remember that there are nearly 4000 minerals, although 95% of these are rare or very rare. The minerals in here probably make up 95% of medium and coarse-grained rocks in the crust. (ii) IMS: this gives a simple assessment of whether the mineral is common in igneous (I), metamorphic (M) or sedimentary (S) rocks. These are not infallible guides - in particular many igneous and metamorphic minerals can occur occasionally in sediments.
    [Show full text]
  • Carbonate and Silicate Phase Reactions During Ceramic Firing
    Eur. J. Mineral. 2001, 13, 621-634 Carbonate and silicate phase reactions during ceramic firing GIUSEPPE CULTRONE(1), CARLOS RODRIGUEZ-NAVARRO (1)*, EDUARDO SEBASTIAN(1), OLGA CAZALLA(1) AND MARIA JOSE DE LA TORRE(2) (1) Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología - Universidad de Granada Fuente Nueva s/n - 18002 Granada, Spain (2) Departamento de Geología Universidad de Jaén, Spain Abstract: Mineralogical, textural and chemical analyses of clay-rich materials following firing, evidence that initial mineralogical differences between two raw materials (one with carbonates and the other without) influence the tex- tural and mineralogical evolution of the ceramics as T increases from 700 to 1100°C. Mineralogical and textural changes are interpreted considering local marked disequilibria in a system that resembles a small-scale high- T meta- morphic process ( e.g., contact aureoles in pyrometamorphism). In such conditions, rapid heating induces significant overstepping in mineral reaction, preventing stable phase formation and favoring metastable ones. High- T transfor- mations in non-carbonate materials include microcline structure collapse and/or partial transformation into sanidine; and mullite plus sanidine formation at the expenses of muscovite and/or illite at T ³ 800°C. Mullite forms by mus- covite-out topotactic replacement, following the orientation of mica crystals: i.e., former (001) muscovite are ^ to (001)mullite. This reaction is favored by minimization of free energy during phase transition. Partial melting followed by fingered structure development at the carbonate-silicate reaction interface enhanced high- T Ca (and Mg) silicates formation in carbonate-rich materials. Gehlenite, wollastonite, diopside, and anorthite form at carbonate-silicate interfaces by combined mass transport (viscous flow) and reaction-diffusion processes.
    [Show full text]
  • Anorthoclase (Na; K)Alsi3o8 C 2001 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1.2 ° Crystal Data: Triclinic
    Anorthoclase (Na; K)AlSi3O8 c 2001 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1.2 ° Crystal Data: Triclinic. Point Group: 1: Short prismatic crystals; also tabular, rhombic, °attened along [010], to 5 cm. Twinning: Baveno, Carlsbad, and Manebach laws; polysynthetic albite and pericline law twinning produce a grid pattern on 100 . f g Physical Properties: Cleavage: Perfect on 001 , less perfect on 010 ; partings on 100 , 110 , 110 , and 201 . Fracture: Unevfen. gTenacity: Brittlef. Hgardness = 6 Df (megasf.) =g2.5f7{2.g60 D(fcalc.g) = 2.57 Optical Properties: Transparent. Color: Colorless, also white, pale creamy yellow, red, green. Streak: White. Luster: Vitreous, may be pearly on cleavages. Optical Class: Biaxial ({). Orientation: Z b 5±. Dispersion: r > v; weak. ^ ' ® = 1.524{1.526 ¯ = 1.529{1.532 ° = 1.530{1.534 2V(meas.) = 42±{52± Cell Data: Space Group: C1: a = 8.287 b = 12.972 c = 7.156 ® = 91:05± ¯ = 116:26± ° = 90:15± Z = 4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Grande Caldeira, Azores. (ICDD 9-478). 3.211 (100), 3.243 (90), 4.106 (16), 2.162 (16), 6.49 (14), 3.768 (14), 3.726 (14) Chemistry: (1) SiO2 62.79 Al2O3 22.12 Fe2O3 0.36 FeO 0.41 CaO 3.76 Na2O 7.35 K2O 2.98 + H2O 0.19 H2O¡ 0.07 Total 100.03 (1) Mt. Erebus, Ross Island, Antarctica; corresponds to (Na0:64Ca0:18K0:17)§=0:99 2+ 3+ (Al0:98Fe0:02Fe0:01)§=1:01(Si2:81Al0:19)§=3:00O8: Mineral Group: Feldspar (alkali) group; intermediate between low sanidine and high albite. Occurrence: In high-temperature sodic volcanic and hypabyssal rocks.
    [Show full text]