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The Prometheus Bomb: the Manhattan Project and Government in the Dark / Neil J
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln University of Nebraska Press -- Sample Books and University of Nebraska Press Chapters 2016 The rP ometheus Bomb Neil J. Sullivan Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/unpresssamples Sullivan, Neil J., "The rP ometheus Bomb" (2016). University of Nebraska Press -- Sample Books and Chapters. 348. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/unpresssamples/348 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Nebraska Press at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Nebraska Press -- Sample Books and Chapters by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Buy the Book Buy the Book The Manhattan Project and Government in the Dark NEIL J. SULLIVAN Potomac Books AN IMPRINT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA PRESS Buy the Book © 2016 by Neil J. Sullivan All illustrations are from Wikimedia Commons. All rights reserved. Potomac Books is an imprint of the University of Nebraska Press. Manufactured in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Sullivan, Neil J., 1948– author. Title: The Prometheus bomb: the Manhattan Project and government in the dark / Neil J. Sullivan. Description: Lincoln: Potomac Books, An imprint of the University of Nebraska Press, 2016. Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: lccn 2016020649 isbn 9781612348155 (cloth: alkaline paper) isbn 9781612348902 (epub) isbn 9781612348919 (mobi) isbn 9781612348926 (pdf) Subjects: lcsh: Manhattan Project (U.S.)— History. | Atomic bomb— United States— History. | Atomic bomb— Government policy— United States— History. | United States— Military policy. | Science and state— United States. -
Annual Report 2013.Pdf
ATOMIC HERITAGE FOUNDATION Preserving & Interpreting Manhattan Project History & Legacy preserving history ANNUAL REPORT 2013 WHY WE SHOULD PRESERVE THE MANHATTAN PROJECT “The factories and bombs that Manhattan Project scientists, engineers, and workers built were physical objects that depended for their operation on physics, chemistry, metallurgy, and other nat- ural sciences, but their social reality - their meaning, if you will - was human, social, political....We preserve what we value of the physical past because it specifically embodies our social past....When we lose parts of our physical past, we lose parts of our common social past as well.” “The new knowledge of nuclear energy has undoubtedly limited national sovereignty and scaled down the destructiveness of war. If that’s not a good enough reason to work for and contribute to the Manhattan Project’s historic preservation, what would be? It’s certainly good enough for me.” ~Richard Rhodes, “Why We Should Preserve the Manhattan Project,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, May/June 2006 Photographs clockwise from top: J. Robert Oppenheimer, General Leslie R. Groves pinning an award on Enrico Fermi, Leona Woods Marshall, the Alpha Racetrack at the Y-12 Plant, and the Bethe House on Bathtub Row. Front cover: A Bruggeman Ranch property. Back cover: Bronze statues by Susanne Vertel of J. Robert Oppenheimer and General Leslie Groves at Los Alamos. Table of Contents BOARD MEMBERS & ADVISORY COMMITTEE........3 Cindy Kelly, Dorothy and Clay Per- Letter from the President..........................................4 -
Junior Ranger Book Is for All Ages
National Park Service Manhattan Project U.S. Department of the Interior National Historical Park NM, TN, WA Manhattan Project National Historical Park JUNIORat Hanford, RANGERWashington Turn the page to accept this mission Welcome friends! My name is Atom U235 Fission. I will be your guide as we explore the Hanford site of the Manhattan JR JR RANGER Manhattan a Project N Project National Historical Park G SITE, WA ER together. This project was So big it changed the world! How to earn points This junior ranger book is for all ages. You may find some activities harder than others. That’s okay. You choose what activities to complete by earning enough points for your age. 4 points —— ages 6-8 Points needed 6 points —— ages 9-11 to earn a badge 8 points —— ages 12-14 10 points —— ages 15 and older ACTIVITIES POINT VALUE YOUR POINTS Complete activities in 1 activity = the Junior Ranger Book. 1 pt Join a docent tour or 1 pt ranger program. Total: Watch a park film. 1 pt Download the park’s app. Learn about our other locations. 1 pt This QR code will take you to the free National Park Service app. Once you have the app, search for the Manhattan Project to explore the entire park including sites in New Mexico, Tennessee, and Washington. WHEN FINISHED: Return your book to the visitor center and be sworn in as an official junior ranger. PARENTS: Participate with your aspiring junior ranger to learn about this park as a family. NEED MORE TIME? Mail your book to Manhattan Project National Historical Park, 2000 Logston Blvd. -
Chicago Pile-1 - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Chicago Pile-1 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Chicago Pile-1 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Coordinates : 41°47′32″N 87°36′3″W Main page Contents Chicago Pile-1 (CP-1) was the world's first nuclear Site of the First Self Sustaining Nuclear Featured content reactor to achieve criticality. Its construction was part of Reaction Current events the Manhattan Project, the Allied effort to create atomic U.S. National Register of Historic Places Random article bombs during World War II. It was built by the U.S. National Historic Landmark Donate to Wikipedia Manhattan Project's Metallurgical Laboratory at the Wikipedia store Chicago Landmark University of Chicago , under the west viewing stands of Interaction the original Stagg Field . The first man-made self- Help sustaining nuclear chain reaction was initiated in CP-1 About Wikipedia on 2 December 1942, under the supervision of Enrico Community portal Recent changes Fermi, who described the apparatus as "a crude pile of [4] Contact page black bricks and wooden timbers". Tools The reactor was assembled in November 1942, by a team What links here that included Fermi, Leo Szilard , discoverer of the chain Related changes reaction, and Herbert L. Anderson, Walter Zinn, Martin Upload file D. Whitaker, and George Weil . It contained 45,000 Drawing of the reactor Special pages graphite blocks weighing 400 short tons (360 t) used as Permanent link a neutron moderator , and was fueled by 6 short tons Page information Wikidata item (5.4 t) of uranium metal and 50 short tons (45 t) of Cite this page uranium oxide. -
Radiation Poisoning , Also Called Radiation Sickness Or a Creeping Dose , Is a Form of Damage to Organ Tissue Due to Excessive Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
Radiation poisoning , also called radiation sickness or a creeping dose , is a form of damage to organ tissue due to excessive exposure to ionizing radiation . The term is generally used to refer to acute problems caused by a large dosage of radiation in a short period, though this also has occurred with long term exposure. The clinical name for radiation sickness is acute radiation syndrome ( ARS ) as described by the CDC .[1][2][3] A chronic radiation syndrome does exist but is very uncommon; this has been observed among workers in early radium source production sites and in the early days of the Soviet nuclear program. A short exposure can result in acute radiation syndrome; chronic radiation syndrome requires a prolonged high level of exposure. Radiation exposure can also increase the probability of contracting some other diseases, mainly cancer , tumours , and genetic damage . These are referred to as the stochastic effects of radiation, and are not included in the term radiation sickness. The use of radionuclides in science and industry is strictly regulated in most countries (in the U.S. by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission ). In the event of an accidental or deliberate release of radioactive material, either evacuation or sheltering in place are the recommended measures. Radiation sickness is generally associated with acute (a single large) exposure. [4][5] Nausea and vomiting are usually the main symptoms. [5] The amount of time between exposure to radiation and the onset of the initial symptoms may be an indicator of how much radiation was absorbed. [5] Symptoms appear sooner with higher doses of exposure. -
Internet Links and Further Reading
Internet Links Folkart, Burt A. “Leona Marshall Libby Dies; Sole Woman to Work on Fermi's 1st Nuclear Reactor.” Los Angeles Times, November 13, 1986. http://articles.latimes.com/1986-11-13/local/me-24930_1_nuclear-reactor Herzenberg, Caroline L. “Women Scientists of the Manhattan Project.” http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/members/courses/teachers_corner/31784.ht ml Kotulak, Ronald. “25 Years Ago: Atom Age Dawns.” Chicago Tribune, November 26, 1967. http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1967/11/26/page/1/article/25-years-ago- atomage-dawns/index.html Melissa Block Interview with Cynthia Kelly. "National Park Would Memoralize Manhattan Project." All Things Considered (NPR)Newspaper Source Plus, December 16, 2014. http://www.npr.org/2014/12/16/371253668/national-park-would- memoralizemanhattan-project “National Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark Hanford B-Reactor.” https://www.asme.org/getmedia/90b37c36-6806-4b74-9610- 19ad7371575f/14Hanford-B-Ractors.aspx “Dr. Leona Libby, 67, Worked on Atom Bomb.” the New York Times, November 12, 1986. http://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/12/obituaries/dr-leona- libby-67-worked-onatom-bomb.html Silent Footage of Hanford from the Time Period. Uploaded by Manuscript, Archives, and Special Collections, Washington State University. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WB_dgw53Xvg Strickland, Jeffrey. “The Women of Manhattan.” September 27, 2014. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140927133528-92256333-the-women- ofmanhattan “This Month in Physics History: November 10, 1986: Death of Leona Woods Marshall Libby.” -
Foundation Document Manhattan Project National Historical Park Tennessee, New Mexico, Washington January 2017 Foundation Document
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE • U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Foundation Document Manhattan Project National Historical Park Tennessee, New Mexico, Washington January 2017 Foundation Document MANHATTAN PROJECT NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK Hanford Washington ! Los Alamos Oak Ridge New Mexico Tennessee ! ! North 0 700 Kilometers 0 700 Miles More detailed maps of each park location are provided in Appendix E. Manhattan Project National Historical Park Contents Mission of the National Park Service 1 Mission of the Department of Energy 2 Introduction 3 Part 1: Core Components 4 Brief Description of the Park. 4 Oak Ridge, Tennessee. 5 Los Alamos, New Mexico . 6 Hanford, Washington. 7 Park Management . 8 Visitor Access. 8 Brief History of the Manhattan Project . 8 Introduction . 8 Neutrons, Fission, and Chain Reactions . 8 The Atomic Bomb and the Manhattan Project . 9 Bomb Design . 11 The Trinity Test . 11 Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan . 12 From the Second World War to the Cold War. 13 Legacy . 14 Park Purpose . 15 Park Signifcance . 16 Fundamental Resources and Values . 18 Related Resources . 22 Interpretive Themes . 26 Part 2: Dynamic Components 27 Special Mandates and Administrative Commitments . 27 Special Mandates . 27 Administrative Commitments . 27 Assessment of Planning and Data Needs . 28 Analysis of Fundamental Resources and Values . 28 Identifcation of Key Issues and Associated Planning and Data Needs . 28 Planning and Data Needs . 31 Part 3: Contributors 36 Appendixes 38 Appendix A: Enabling Legislation for Manhattan Project National Historical Park. 38 Appendix B: Inventory of Administrative Commitments . 43 Appendix C: Fundamental Resources and Values Analysis Tables. 48 Appendix D: Traditionally Associated Tribes . 87 Appendix E: Department of Energy Sites within Manhattan Project National Historical Park . -
Recollections and Reconstructions
@ ? Editor's Note: The Society's Nuclear Pioneer Citationfor 1977 goes not to an individual but to a distinguished group of individuals: those who took part in the epochal “ChicagoPile―experiment of Dec. 2, 1942, which produced thefirst successful atomicpile chain reaction. The 42 members ofthe Chicago Pilegroup are listed on page 591. One ofthose named, Harold M. Agnew, now Directorofthe Los Alamos Scient@flc Laboratory, is the Nuclear Pioneer Lecturerfor the 24th Annual Meeting. The guidingforce behind the Chicago Pile experiment was Enrico Fermi, recipient of the Nuclear Pioneer Citation of 1963. In the artick which follows, Laura Fermi recreates the excitement and mystery that surrounded the work ofher husband's research team in the early 1940s in Chicago. @. The FirstAtomic Pile: Recollections and Reconstructions by Laura Fermi @ . @ / - .-i@ ‘@:@ Enrico FermIat work, ca. 1942. As far as I can remember at the distance ofalmost 35 Perhaps not all husbands adhered as strictly as years, the first guests to arrive at our party on that Enrico to the rules of secrecy when talking to their beastly cold December night were the Zinns. Wally wives. He couldn't have been more tight-lipped. Once! and Jean. As they shook the snow off their coats, related some gossip to him: “Peoplesay that you stamping their feet on the floor, Wally turned to scientists at the Met Lab are seeking a cure for Enrico and said: “Congratulations!― I was surprised; cancer. .““Arewe?―he asked with his usual for Enrico had given me no hint that anything unusual imperturbable expression. -
Reuleaux2019 Vol.1 Iss.1.Pdf (12.49Mb)
t t REULEAUX 2019 REULEAUX Reuleaux Undergraduate Research Journal Colorado School of Mines Volume 1 Issue 1 Reuleaux McBride Honors Colorado School of Mines Golden, Colorado 80401 ©2019 Reuleaux, Colorado School of Mines Copyright Information Reuleaux is an Open Access journal. All authors retain the copyright work published by Reuleaux. All works are licensed to be shared and used under the Creative Commons CC-BY License or the Creative Commons CC-BY-NC License. The Creative Commons CC-BY License and the Creative Commons CC-BY-NC License permit works to be copied, published, and shared without restrictions as long as the original author(s) is credited with full citation details. The Creative Commons CC-BY-NC License also requires permission for the copyright owner (authors) for any commercial use of the original work. All works in Reuleaux can be shared without restrictions. Proper credit should be given. The Editorial Board can be contacted at [email protected]. T bl o Co e t 1 Demons of Los Alamos 20 Evaluating Eribulin 5 Editor Analysis: Demons of Los Alamos 23 Evaluation of the Paris Agreement 6 Three Years in the CFCC 26 Editor Analysis: Paris Agreement 9 Carreon Lab Spotlight 27 Colorado Fuel Cell Center Spotlight 13 Lunar Ice Extraction 30 Exploring Fractional Derivatives 18 Editor Analysis: Lunar Ice Extraction 32 Meet the Editors 19 Dr. Jeffrey King Spotlight 35 Call for Submissions Peer Review Shit Message from the Editor in Chief As scientific research continues to propel humanity further into the future, the problems facing scientists and engineers become increasingly complex. -
The Washington Park Fireproof Warehouse and Its Architect, Argyle E
Published by the Hyde Park Historical Society The Washington Park Fireproof Warehouse and its Architect, Argyle E. Robinson By Leslie Hudson building in Hyde Park is turning one Ahundred years old this year. This building doesn't call much attention to itself. Driving by you might notice its bright orange awning but, unless you have rented a space within it, you may never have stopped to study the structure. But the next time you pass by, do stop-it's a unique and important building that deserves a good long look. It is the Hyde Park Self Storage building at 5155 Sou th Cottage Grove Avenue, originally called the Washington Park Fireproof Warehouse. Construction of the Washington Park Fireproof Warehouse began in 1905 during a period when many household storage buildings were being erected in Chicago, especially in its southern residential areas. Other warehouses built during this storage building heyday were once located nearby on Cottage Grove and Drexel Avenues. Although these other warehouses have been demolished, the Washington Park Fireproof Warehouse survives, and even continues to operate as a storage warehouse-its original function. And, thanks to the building's sturdy design and construction, and careful stewardship by its owners over the years, the building's original exterior has The Washington Park Fireproof Warehouse in 1905. The building doubled in size and remained intact. Today the building looks took on its current appearance with the north addition, built in 1907. almost identical to its appearance in ~8 2 ~ «0 photographs from the early 1900s. most noteworthy features of the building and was The Washington Park Warehouse was constructed probably the work of northern European immigrants, in two phases. -
THE NUCLEAR DEATH of a NUCLEAR SCIENTIST to Make Sure It Would Produce the Ex Him for Man,L" Hour,; Dul'ing the Twenty Plicit Nuclear Oul'st It Wa" Supposed To
Page Fifteen Thursday, November 30, 1961 THE JEWISH POST deli\·ery from him of thl' epochal A death was cal1cell'd hy the ril'cUl1lstances TH1I' Jl"WTSH POST Thursday, November 30, 1961 and the crowding c\'('nts of \'iclory Page Fourteen The road to success and death bomb core, the 11rst mle, tested at Ala mogordo. For Slutin's ,io!', along with ,~xcept. for Slotin. who as a physicist some others, was to nm Jlnal tests on IH'lped the dodo!'s estimate Daghlian's l'adiation do,;e and as a friend sat with ,, the active core uf each precious A-bomb THE NUCLEAR DEATH OF A NUCLEAR SCIENTIST to make sure it would produce the ex him for man,l" hour,; dUl'ing the twenty plicit nuclear OUl'st it wa" supposed to. foul' da~'s it took him to die, Louis Siolin: A Tiny Slip, A Terrible Dealh The way it was done was dangerous, It was an ulliqUl' seminar-for at By r/Je,,.bara moon but in wartime one takes shortcuts and lliroshima and Nagasaki 8ul'\'i\'ors had believes them justified. not u.nderstood what I)('oph~ around REPUBLISHED BY SPECIAL PERMISSION OF At the time of his death, of course, them were dying nf and opside's wel'(~ MACLEAN'S MAGAZINE the wal' was over. The core he was too busy tn analy7,c the proc<'ss, 01' be testing was part uf a one-sided arms able precisely to recall it later. • In Muscow Nikita Khrushchov threatens that race, and was destined for Bikini Atoll. -
BOMB: a Story of Scientists, Saboteurs and Spies (As Published in the Oak Ridger’S Historically Speaking Column on October 13, 2014)
BOMB: A story of scientists, saboteurs and spies (As published in The Oak Ridger’s Historically Speaking column on October 13, 2014) As I was in the mountains watching the leaves change and could not attend the presentation by Steve Sheinkin at the American Museum of Science and Energy, I asked Carolyn Krause to write her impressions of the talk. I purchased the book and got to see enough of it before loaning it to Carolyn to be anxious to read it in its entirety. Thanks to Carolyn I now have an autographed copy! Gordon Fee, who was also at the talk, told me enough to make me want to look more deeply into George Koval, an American born (in Iowa) spy for Russia during World War II. He was indeed assigned to Oak Ridge as a Special Engineer Detachment soldier. He was also transferred to Dayton, OH, on July 27, 1945. On November 3, 2007, Koval received the posthumous title of Hero of the Russian Federation awarded by Russian President Vladimir Putin. The proclamation stated, "Mr Koval, who operated under the pseudonym Delmar, provided information that helped speed up considerably the time it took for the Soviet Union to develop an atomic bomb of its own". The secret Koval is credited with providing “Clyde,” his Russian handler, is about polonium, used as a neutron initiator for the atomic bombs. However, as Carolyn learned, Steve Sheinkin did not include Koval in his book. He had asked for the FBI file on Koval under the Freedom of Information Act, but was disappointed to find much of the most interesting parts crossed out.