Plistoricgtl Review

The State Historical Society of Missouri

COLUMBIA, MISSOURI BOARD OF EDITORS

LAWRENCE 0. CHRISTENSEN SUSAN M. HARTMANN University of Missouri-Rolla Ohio State University, Columbus

WILLIAM E. FOLEY ALAN R. HAVIC Central Missouri State University, Stephens College, Warrensburg Columbia

JEAN TYREE HAMILTON DAVID D. MARCH Marshall Kirksville

ARVARH E. STRICKLAND University of Missouri-Columbia

COVER DESCRIPTION: George Caleb Bingham com­ pleted Daniel Boone Escorting Settlers through the Cumberland Gap in the spring of 1851. Prior to late October, 1852, Bingham had repainted it from the original sunlit to a dark, mysterious, even brooding, picture. Bingham portrayed Boone as the calm, reso­ lute frontiersman leading a band of emigrants on a dangerous undertaking into the unknown wilder­ ness. This picture was Bingham's most successful as a painter of historical events. It did not, however, show the likeness of Daniel Boone. Daniel Boone Escorting Settlers through the Cumberland Gap,

1851-1852; oil on canvass; 36V2 x 5014 in. (92.7 x 127.6 cm). Washington University, Gallery of Art. For a study of the only painting of Boone made while he lived see: "The Authentic Image of Daniel Boone." MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW

Published Quarterly by THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI

COLUMBIA, MISSOURI

JAMES W. GOODRICH EDITOR

MARY K. DAINS ASSOCIATE EDITOR

R. DOUGLAS HURT ASSOCIATE EDITOR

LEONA S. MORRIS RESEARCH ASSISTANT

Copyright © 1988 by the State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, Missouri 65201 The Missouri Historical Review (ISSN 0026-6582) is owned by The State Historical Society of Missouri and is published quarterly at 10 South Hitt, Columbia, Missouri 65201. Send communications, business and editorial correspondence and change of address to the State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO 65201. Second class postage is paid at Columbia, Missouri.

SOCIETY HOURS: The Society is open to the public from 8:00 A.M. to 4:30 P.M., Monday through Friday, and Saturday from 9:00 A.M. to 4:30 P.M., except legal holidays. Holiday Schedule: The Society will be closed Saturday VOLUME LXXXII during the Memorial Day, Labor Day and Thanksgiving weekends; and Saturday, December 24, 1988 and December NUMBER 2 31,1988. On the day of the annual meeting, October 22, 1988, the JANUARY, 1988 Society will be closed for research. THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of the State, shall be the trustee of this State—Laws of Missouri, 1899, R.S. of Mo., 1969, chapter 183, as revised 1978.

OFFICERS 1986-1989 JOSEPH WEBBER, St. Louis, President AVIS TUCKER, Warrensburg, First Vice President SHERIDAN A. LOGAN, St. Joseph, Second Vice President VIRGINIA YOUNG, Columbia, Third Vice President NOBLE E. CUNNINGHAM, Columbia, Fourth Vice President R. KENNETH ELLIOTT, Kansas City, Fifth Vice President ROBERT G.J. HOESTER, Kirkwood, Sixth Vice President ALBERT M. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer JAMES W. GOODRICH, Columbia, Executive Director, Secretary and Librarian

TRUSTEES Permanent Trustees, Former Presidents of the Society LEWIS E. ATHERTON, Columbia ELMER ELLIS, Columbia WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington RUSH H. LIMBAUGH, Cape Girardeau FRANCIS M. BARNES III, Kirkwood LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton

Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1988 JAMES W. BROWN, Harrisonville BOB PRIDDY, Jefferson City ILUS W. DAVIS, Kansas City DALE REESMAN, Boonville JOHN K. HULSTON, Springfield ARVARH E. STRICKLAND^ Columbia JAMES C. OLSON, Kansas City BLANCHE M. TOUHILL, St. Louis

Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1989 MRS. SAMUEL A. BURK, Kirksville DOYLE PATTERSON, Kansas City VICTOR A. GIERKE, Louisiana STUART SYMINGTON, JR., St. Louis JEAN TYREE HAMILTON, Marshall ROBERT WOLPERS, Poplar Bluff W. ROGERS HEWITT, Shelbyville DALTON C. WRIGHT, Lebanon

Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1990 H. RILEY BOCK, Portageville GEORGE MCCUE, St. Louis ROBERT S. DALE, Carthage ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia FREDERICK W. LEHMANN IV, WALLACE B. SMITH, Independence Webster Groves ROBERT M. WHITE, Mexico

BOARD OF TRUSTEES The Board of Trustees consists of one Trustee from each Congressional District of the State and fourteen Trustees elected at large. In addition to the elected Trustees, the President of the Society, the Vice Presidents of the Society, all former Presidents of the Society, and the ex officio members of the Society constitute the Board of Trustees. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Six Trustees elected by the Board of Trustees together with the President of the Society constitute the Executive Committee. The Executive Director of the Society serves as an ex officio member. WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington, Chairman JEAN TYREE HAMILTON, Marshall FRANCIS M. BARNES III, Kirkwood ROBERT C. SMITH, Columbia ELMER ELLIS, Columbia JOSEPH WEBBER, St. Louis EDITORIAL POLICY The editors of the Missouri Historical Review welcome submission of articles and documents relat­ ing to the history of Missouri. Any aspect of Mis­ souri history will be considered for publication in the Review. Genealogical studies, however, are not accepted because of limited appeal to general readers. Manuscripts pertaining to all fields of American history will be considered if the subject matter has significant relevance to the history of Missouri or the West. Authors should submit two double-spaced copies of their manuscripts. The footnotes, prepared ac­ cording to The Chicago Manual of Style, also should be double-spaced and placed at the end of the text. Authors may submit manuscripts on PC/DOS, 360K floppy disk. The disk must be IBM compatible, pre­ ferably a Displaywrite 3 or 4 program. Otherwise, it must be in ASCII format. Two hard copies still are required, and the print must be letter or near-letter quality. Dot matrix submissions will not be accepted. Originality of subject, general interest of the article, sources used, interpretation and style are criteria for acceptance and publication. Manuscripts should not exceed 7,500 words. Articles that are accepted for publication become the property of The State Historical Society of Missouri and may not be pub­ lished elsewhere without permission. The Society does not accept responsibility for statements of fact or opinion made by the authors. Articles published in the Review are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts, America: His­ tory and Life, Recently Published Articles, Writings on American History, The Western Historical Quar­ terly and The Journal of American History. Manuscripts submitted for the Review should be addressed to: Dr. James W. Goodrich, Editor Missouri Historical Review The State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street Columbia, Missouri 65201 CONTENTS

NAUGHT FOR YOUR COMFORT: AN ANTIDOTE TO BICENTENNIAL EUPHORIA. By Gerald T. Dunne 147

THE AUTHENTIC IMAGE OF DANIEL BOONE. By Clifford Amyx 153

ANDREW TAU: MISSOURI PHOTOGRAPHER. By Susan Yeshilada 165

ANTEBELLUM MISSOURI IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE.

By William E. Foley 179

HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS

Society Holds Annual Meeting 191

News in Brief 198

Local Historical Societies 201

Gifts 215

Missouri History in Newspapers 220

Missouri History in Magazines 229

In Memoriam 238

BOOK REVIEWS 239

BOOK NOTES 245

NEWTON COUNTY HISTORICAL MUSEUM Inside Back Cover State Historical Society of Missouri Gerald T. Dunne, McDonnell Professor of Justice in American Society at St. Louis University, presented the luncheon address at the annual meeting of the State Historical Society of Missouri. Naught for Your Comfort: An Antidote to Bicentennial Euphoria BY GERALD T. DUNNE* We have Professor Parkinson's word for it that the ex­ ternals of a system are never more impressive than when the historical curtain is about to fall.1 Thus, he cites both St. Peter's in Rome, whose construction coincided with the Prot­ estant Reformation, and the palace of Versailles, completed just in time for the French Revolution. His admonition carries a certain apprehension that the hype and hoopla of the constitution bicentennial should not be a circumstance of smugness and self-congratulation but an occasion for a real­ istic appraisal for the perils that beset the republic. Let me take as my text a quotation from G.K. Chester­ ton's Ballad of the White Horse:

Gerald T. Dunne, McDonnell Professor of Justice in American Society at St. Louis University, is a prolific scholar of American legal history. He is the author of Monetary Decisions of the Supreme Court, Justice Joseph Story, Hugo Black and Grenville Clark: Public Citizen.

1 C. Northcoat Parkinson, Parkinson's Law (London: Burns, Oats & Washburn, 1957), 61-63.

147 148 Missouri Historical Review

1 bring you naught for your comfort Yea, naught for your desire Save that the sky grows darker yet And the sea rises higher.2 It is a nicely fitting epigraph, for today I would seek to counteract the recent orgy of self-congratulation by probing our constitutional faults with a view of suggesting three disquieting areas of concern. Let me proceed in the role of devil's advocate which, as has been well said, is not an instrument of the powers of darkness, but an instrumentality of truth. The first two areas are general; the third is specific. Generally, it should be a source of apprehension that the two foundational principles of the framers have virtually vanished in the two centuries of experience. Surely, the fore­ most axiom of constitutional organization is the proposition that a union of executive, legislative and judicial power in the same hands is the very definition of tyranny. And the second is something of a corollary of the first— that a crucial component of the American constitutional experiment is not only the separation of delegated powers among three coordinate branches but the division of power between the center and periphery, so as to insure sanctuaries from centralized despotism (to quote Jefferson's phrase) at the local level. What has been the experience of two centuries? Indeed as to the first principle of the separation, it has been a striking vindication of Madison's forewarning in the "48th Federalist" that each branch of the federal establishment is almost hydraulically impelled to expand its powers beyond its stated limits at the expense of the other two or of the sovereign people themselves. Indeed, the tendency has been noted in several acute books, Raoul Berger's Government By Judiciary (1977) and Adolf Berle's The Three Faces of Power, published ten years earlier, which warned that "ultimate legislative power in the United States has come to rest in the Supreme Court of the United States"3 and, as a commentator has suggested, that already the United States has begun the replacement of 2 Gilbert Keith Chesterton, "Ballad of the White Horse," Collected Poems (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1927), 212. 3 Adolf A. Berle, The Three Faces of Power (New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1967), 3. Bicentennial Euphoria 149 representative government with the "Platonic elitism" of a "guardian democracy."4 The polemics of replacement are not new. Indeed, James Buchanan may be said to have opened the theoretical con­ troversy with a passage in his 1857 inaugural implying that decisions of the Supreme Court constitute an organic part of the Constitution as the supreme law of the land. Four years later, the newly elected Abraham Lincoln, standing in the same spot on the east portico of the capitol set this constitutional subversion to rights: I do not forget the position assumed by some that Constitutional questions are to be decided by the Supreme Court, nor do I deny that such decisions must be binding in any case upon which the parties to a suit as to the object of that suit. ... At the same time, the candid citizen must confess that if the policy of the Government upon vital questions affecting the whole people is to be irrevocably fixed by decisions of the Supreme Court the instant they are made in ordi­ nary litigation between parties in personal actions the people will have ceased to be their own rulers, having to that extent practically resigned their Government into the hands of that eminent tribunal.5 All of which lends a special poignancy to the martyred president's foreboding in the Gettysburg address as to wheth­ er "government of the people, by the people, for the people" would perish from on the face of the earth.6 There are, of course, other elements in how this govern­ ment by the "guided democracy" of Platonic elitism came to pass. One lulling element surely has been the narcotic placebo of Hamilton in the "78th Federalist" that the judiciary "will always be the least dangerous" branch, since it possessed neither the purse nor the sword and therefore exercised neither "force nor will, but merely judgment." Hamilton's pleading, I submit, is at variance from the fundamental idea of that document—that men will assert power up to the very limit of their authority and well beyond if given half a chance. In consequence, Congress has been

4 Don E. Fehrenbacher, The Dred Scott Case (New York: Oxford Uni­ versity Press, 1978), 595. 5 James D. Richardson, ed., A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents, 1789-1897, 10 vols. (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1900), 6: 5, 9-10. 6 Ibid., 8: 3371. 150 Missouri Historical Review cabined by the presidential veto and the presidency by im­ peachment and the veto override. Not able, however, while the judges have neither the purse nor the sword, they are still left with the ability to assert the last word over the use of either. This may well be the open window of vulnerability to the initial constitutional equilibrium. Of equal significance in any critically retrospective ap­ praisal of the constitutional experience has been the virtual collapse of the reserved powers of the states, under the hydrau­ lic pressure of Congress and the federal judiciary and the traverse of the framer's intent to reserve what they called "local" or "internal" matters from centralized direction. In­ deed, I find it a sobering thought, in view of the current apotheosis of James Madison, that the same pen which in­ scribed the major portion of the Constitution in 1787, eleven years later wrote the Virginia Resolves protesting state im­ potence in the face of central usurpation and raising the specter of nullification and civil war. A particularly egregious example of this mutation ap­ peared in the recent case of Garcia v. San Antonio Mass Transit Authority, 101 S.Ct. 1005 (1985) wherein one justice of the Supreme Court changed his mind and thereby upset every state and municipal budget in the country. Indeed, to return to my earlier point—that if the decisions of the Supreme Court constitute the supreme law of the land, surely they bind the justices on that court as much as they do other people, quite apart from the respect which stare decisis exerts as a principle of constitutional stability. More than that, once a constitutional point has been briefed, argued and submitted, one would expect a member of the Supreme Court to know his mind and know it well when he casts his vote. Garcia, at the core, was characteristic of the erosion of constitutional federalism. At issue was the question of whether municipal mass transit was interstate commerce. In its Fair Labor Standards Act context, it overrode a decision made nine years earlier that application of the latter statute to the "traditional governmental functions" of state and local governments was held unconstitutional. In sum, the decision illustrated what Justice Sandra O'Connor called "the increas­ ingly generous interpretation of the commerce power."7

7 Garcia v. San Antonio Mass Transit Authority, 101 S.Ct. 1005 (1985). Bicentennial Euphoria 151

Raoul Berger in his new book, Federalism, The Framer's Design (1987) acerbically pointed out that the Garcia decision assured Congress that anytime it chose to erode state au­ thority under the commerce power, it might do without judi­ cial hinderance and quoted Justice Powell's dissent that the Court's view of federalism relegated states to precisely the trivial role that opponents of the Constitution feared they would occupy and which proponents of that document in­ sisted was preposterous. A closely related instrument of sub­ version has been "the general welfare" clause, an original constraint, which has been turned into a virtually limitless authority for Congress to spend as much and for whatever purposes it pleases. The collapse of the two fundamental constitutional prin­ ciples has a consequence which, the danger of nuclear war aside, constitutes to my mind the disaster potential of our system. Congressional fiscal irresponsibility has given us the national debt of $247 trillion, growing geometrically with no end in sight. This is but one part of the ball of wax which includes the trade deficit, mortgage debt, corporate debt, credit card debt, farm debt, all indicia of a sea-change in collective national consciousness whereby the present gen­ eration of Americans have spent more, saved less, and had more than any comparable group of people in history. More­ over, this conditioned attitude violates the wisdom of thinkers as disparate as Sigmund Freud and John Dewey, who have warned that deferred gratification is the first law of civiliza­ tion, and it is a law broken at a nation's peril. There is a name for this syndrome—Bankruptcy—lawyers frequently speak of the "credit card junkie." Now the junkie did not get that way as a matter of deliberate rational choice. Equally certain is the fact that the junkie can do very little toward solving his personality dis­ order by deploring it. Third, and equally manifest, is the certainty that the junkie's behavior cannot go on forever, as Professor Batra's best-selling Great Depression of 1990 sug­ gests in a larger plane. Indeed, the need for remedy was perceived as early as 1798 by Thomas Jefferson when the ex-president wrote his friend, John Taylor of Carolina: I wish it were possible to obtain a single amendment to our constitution. I would be willing to depend on 152 Missouri Historical Review

that alone for the reduction of the administration of our government to the genuine principles of its Con­ stitution; I mean an additional article, taking from the Federal Government the power of borrowing.8 Even with thirty-two of the required thirty-four states aboard, the effort to dock Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 from the Constitution has slackened and there seems scant hope for a balanced budget amendment via some radical therapy in that direction. The vice, of course, was forecasted by Jacques Necker who, when called to reorder the fisc of France, found reform impossible because there was no abuse that did not yield someone a living. Necker's admonition finds a current application with the rise of the political economy of entitlement wherein in any attempt at meat-axe-budget-bal­ ancing could simultaneously produce the worst economic col­ lapse in American history and the ouster of the Congress which attempted it. Perhaps the irreformable status quo of the debt culture may yield a bicentennial hope for this melancholy circum­ stance which, like Valley Forge, the burning of the capitol in 1814, and the dark days of the Civil War, prove how right Prince Bismarck was when he said that Providence somehow safeguarded children, drunks, and the United States. Nor need the Great Depression of 1990 be our fate. Let us take heart with the dictum, engagingly versified, by a forgotten poet: Providence, that watches over children, drunks, and fools With silent miracles and similar esoterica Continue to suspend the ordinary rules And take care of the United States of America.9

8 Thomas Jefferson to John Taylor, 26 November 1798, in Memoir, Correspondence, and Miscellanies from the Papers of Thomas Jefferson, ed. Thomas Jefferson Randolph, 4 vols. (Charlottesville, Va.: F. Carr, and Co., 1829), 3: 403, 404. 9 Guiterman, "Gaily, the Troubadour," Dictionary of Quotations Col­ lected and Arranged and with Comments by Bergen Evans (New York: Delacorte Press, 1968), 21.

In Case You Haven't Heard

Edina Sentinel, January 13, 1876. 999 papers more or less have announced that this is leap year. Please take notice accordingly. The Authentic Image of Daniel Boone BY CLIFFORD AMYX* Three major strands occurred in the development of the imagery of Daniel Boone. The primary one, the bust portrait by Chester Harding, has served as a frontispiece to many Boone biographies. It represents the only image "from the life," and it is the source for all the authentic bust portraits of Boone. Another strand is the popular image of the frontier adventurer, fighting Indians and wild animals in the wilder­ ness of early Kentucky, dressed in a coonskin cap with the tail flopping at every move. This image begins with the naive engravings in Timothy Flint's Biographical Memoir of Daniel Boone, 1833, and continues in dime novels and the lurid yellow backs, even into the school histories of Boone and Kentucky. A third strand, and a very thin one, is the full- length Boone engraved by James Otto Lewis from Harding's full-length painting, or a sketch of it. Through a double misfortune this image disappeared from history, for a while. Harding destroyed his full-length painting of Boone, saving only the head, and the engraved prints by Lewis were hidden away, unnoticed. Thus, the authentic full-length image of Boone remained lost for a century, and Harding's oil paint­ ing of the full figure of Boone has been lost forever. Chester Harding is responsible for two of these strands, and his motives and accomplishments in painting Boone are important. Harding came to Kentucky from New England as a young man to join his brother Horace in Paris. He had stopped for a while at Pittsburgh, where he saw a portrait painter at work, and by the time he reached Paris he was sufficiently adept at painting a likeness to make a good living at "$25 a head." When he saw the superiority of Matthew H. Jouett's painting in Lexington, however, he rea­ lized his deficiencies and decided to go East to observe the painter Thomas Sully at work in Philadelphia. Actually, he did not study with Sully and returned to Paris only to find * Clifford Amyx is emeritus professor of art at the University of Ken­ tucky, Lexington. 153 154 Missouri Historical Review economic conditions depressed. After trying to work in Cin­ cinnati, he decided to go on to St. Louis, also suffering through the Panic of 1819. As remarkable proof of Harding's life-long good fortune, he could raise his fee at St. Louis to $40 "a head" and prosper enough to invest in land at St. Louis. With a sound instinct for an opportunity, Harding de­ cided to go up the Missouri River and seek out the aged frontier hero, Daniel Boone, to paint his portrait. Harding's account of this venture, written in his charming manner, now remains part of the standard histories of Boone.1 Boone then appeared so weak that he had to be propped up for painting. The only actual portrait "from the life," this likeness startled his family, so unfamiliar with paintings. The only other portrait claimed to be based on acquaintance is that by John James Audubon, painted some ten years after Boone's death and almost surely from memory rather than from a sketch.2 When Harding returned to St. Louis, a young man, James Otto Lewis, a trained stipple engraver, approached him. He asked Harding for the privilege of engraving his likeness of Boone, full length, for publication and sale in St. Louis.3 A part-time actor in Samuel Drake's "Kentucky Company," Lewis always remained alert for the possibilities of working as an engraver. Harding agreed to furnish a sketch, or his full-length painting, and a notice of the engraving appeared in the Missouri Gazette, October 11, 1820. PROPOSALS by HARDING & LEWIS For Publishing by Subscription, an Engraving of the venerable Col. DANIEL BOONE . • . To transmit to the posterity of a country, the 1 Harding's account of his visit to the aged Boone is in his Egotisti- graphy, 1866; edited as Margaret E. White, ed., A Sketch of Chester Harding, Artist (New York: Kennedy Galleries, 1970), 25-27. Supplementary informa­ tion on the visit was given by Harding to Draper. The Draper Collection, University of Wisconsin. 2 Audubon's meeting with Boone mentions no portrait or sketch. Alice Ford, ed., Audubon by Himself (Garden City, N.Y.: Natural History Press, 1968), 20-25. 3 The only substantial information on James Otto Lewis is in Porter Butts, Art in Wisconsin (Madison, Wise: Democrat Publishing Company, 1936), 24-30. Daniel Boone 155

actions and features of those who fought and bled in her cause, is a duty too sacred and useful to neglect. While the memory of the heroic deeds of the early adventures is passing away, this work will be means of rescuing from oblivion tne features of ONE who took the most active part in sustaining the early settlements of the Western Country; whose fortitude and patriotism is so well worthy of imitation and calculated to call forth the finest feelings of the heart. CONDITIONS The size of the print will be 15 inches by 10, engraved full length from a characteristic and correct painting, and printed on paper of the first quality. The price to subscribers will be $3 payable on delivery. Subscriptions will be received by JAMES O. LEWIS Engraver S. Louis4 The engraving by Lewis shows Boone standing by a tree, and both Boone and the tree stand high against a river and a horizon obscured by trees. Boone wears a hunter's jacket, the familiar wrap-around coat on the frontier. It appears a light buckskin, however, rather than the dark-dyed jacket Boone ordinarily wore while in Kentucky. The jacket and leggings are fringed; he wears moccasins or soft shoes. His belt, however, is not a mere rope or thong, often the case for the "shirttail" men on the early frontier, but a proper belt with a buckle. His "tickliker"—the long rifle—stands ready, and the powder horn may be of metal. A dog of nearly anonymous cast sits at his feet. His hat has a tall crown, taller than the broadbrimmed black or "flop" hat often seen on the frontier. Boone always was careful of his hat; there is no coonskin cap, which he is said to have despised. The engraving by Lewis is relatively spare. The clear setting lacks dramatic darks or lights; the figure is not heavily modelled. The facial likeness surely followed Harding, but the body seems somewhat stiff, a quality critics of Lewis noted throughout his life, even in his lithographs of Ameri­ can Indians. When Roy T. King published his account of all the portraits of Boone in 1939, the prints of this engraving had disappeared, and King reported that: "It is not known

4 St. Louis Missouri Gazette, 11 October 1820, reprinted in Missouri Historical Review 26 (July 1932): 395. Missouri Historical Society In 1820, Chester Harding painted the only known portrait of Daniel Boone while the frontiersman still lived. At that time, Boone was so weak that he had to be propped up while Harding worked. Soon thereafter, James Otto Lewis engraved the painting. Harding's portrait was so realistic that it reportedly startled Boone's family. Daniel Boone 157 whether this [print] was ever published."5 Four years later, Charles van Ravenswaay came upon a hand-colored copy at the Missouri Historical Society and wrote of it as a "rare Midwestern print."6 It remains so today although three prints now are known. Actor Noah M. Ludlow was the third young man to be engaged in the enterprise of publishing the full-length por­ trait of Boone. Ludlow's name does not appear in the notice of the print in the newspapers, but Lewis engaged him— possibly without Harding's participation—to have frames made and to gild these frames for sale. Ludlow provides a far more complete account of the whole affair.7 He surely played a more important role in the final distribution of the prints than either Lewis or Harding. Harding went East without mentioning the enterprise at all; he may have been dissatis­ fied with the engraving by Lewis. The failure to maintain subscriptions at $3 for each print may have contributed to his lack of interest. Ludlow was to become unemployed, since his company and the merged company of Samuel Drake's "Kentucky" players had failed in the depression. Ludlow worked as a handyman with paint and canvas, as did all theatrical per­ sonnel on the frontier. He advertised his services in what has been called a "pathetic" notice: Painting & Gilding. N. M. Ludlow proffers his services to the inhabitants of St. Louis in the above branches, on the most reasonable terms. He will exe­ cute every description of coach, Sign, and Ornamental Painting; likewise painting in distemper—Also, Gild­ ing in all its varieties, MRS. LUDLOW will execute every description of painting in water colours. . . . N.B. Maps coloured, Bed Canopys painted, at from $10 to 50.8 Ludlow stated that Lewis approached him with the pro­ posal that he frame and gild the frames for his prints. He

5 Roy T. King, "Portraits of Daniel Boone," Missouri Historical Review 33 (January 1939): 173. 6 Charles van Ravenswaay, "A Rare Midwestern Print," Antiques 43 (February 1943): 77, 93. 7 N.M. Ludlow, Dramatic Life as I found It (St. Louis: G.I. Jones and Company, 1880; 1966). See especially 193-195 on the sale and distribution of the prints and Ludlow's association with James Otto Lewis. 8 Cited by William G.B. Carson, The Theatre on the Frontier The Early Years of the St. Louis Stage (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1932), 62. 158 Missouri Historical Review

accepted and set about finding carpenters to make frames and consulted an encyclopedia to learn the process of gild­ ing.9 They expected 150 prints would be sold, but Ludlow's memory failed him on prices. Ludlow stated that he and Lewis—without mention of Harding—expected to profit at a price of $1 for a framed print. This may have been a "re­ maindering" of the prints when subscriptions began to fail. Ludlow apparently shared the remaining prints with Lewis and noted that he later found himself with none. Lewis planned to work with General Lewis Cass in the Northwest, painting Indians. Finally, Ludlow began to work again on stage, down the river at New Orleans, and at Nashville and Louisville. By 1822, he again was performing steadily, and a letter from his brother from the East informed him of the words to "The Hunters of Kentucky," written by Samuel Woodward, author of "The Old Oaken Bucket." Ludlow, know­ ing the authentic costume of Daniel Boone, approximated it as best he could, fringed jackets and leggings, a long rifle, and moccasins, but he could not replicate Boone's hat. In­ stead, he appeared in what may have been a "flop" hat. The appearance of Ludlow in New Orleans, singing "The Hunters of Kentucky," may not have been the first perform­ ance of the song, but it became an instant success. The boatmen and frontiersmen at the theatre in New Orleans let out a "prolonged whoop or howl, such as Indians give when they are especially pleased."10 From this time on, Ludlow performed the song after every evening presentation, some­ times "twice or thrice," and so often that he grew tired of it. "The Hunters of Kentucky" became a stage image. James H. Hackett also helped perpetuate this frontier image by dress­ ing in a coonskin cap as Nimrod Wildfire in "The Lion of the West—the Kentuckian." The popular woodcuts of the time, such as those found in Davey Crockett's Almanac at Nash­ ville, reinforced this frontier look. How much Ludlow's per­ formance contributed to this "wildfire" strain of frontier imagery remains a question. But, he, at least, had the famili­ arity with Boone full-length from both Harding and Lewis, and he perpetuated their image of Boone on stage. In the hands of Ludlow and Lewis, the prints went up and down river and for the most part disappeared. Lewis 9 Ludlow, Dramatic Life, 194. 10 Ibid., 238. Daniel Boone 159 turned to depicting Indians, especially Indian treaties in the Northwest territories for General Cass, later to become An­ drew Jackson's secretary of war. In any case, the prints of Boone full-length went "underground." Soon the crude wood engravings of Boone in the coonskin cap began to flourish in the popular accounts of his life. Later painters of Boone, who sought to depict him as a hunter, especially John G. Chap­ man and William C. Allen, of necessity recreated him for themselves. They were not influenced by Lewis's engraving. Allen's large painting of Boone, now in the Old State Capitol at Frankfort, appears a dark and romantic reconstruction and has had little or no influence in the subsequent history of Boone.11 The most serious blow to the image of Boone full-length came from Harding himself. He decided to destroy his own painting of Boone. When he left the West in 1821 for a brilliant career as a portrait painter in the East and even to considerable notice later in Britain, he deposited the portrait of Boone in Frankfort hoping for a sale to the state of Kentucky. When he returned to Kentucky in 1848, the state had purchased Allen's painting. A notice appeared in the Daily Commonwealth asking again for consideration for the only authentic full-length image from life, lest it leave the state. MR. EDITOR: Are the members of the Legislature aware that the portrait of Daniel Boone—the pioneer of Kentucky—which is now in the Governor's office is about to be removed from the State by Mr. Hardinge [sic] the painter of it? This is the only painting of the old hunter ever taken from life, and Kentucky should never permit it to go. If the Legislature will not vote the money to buy it, will not each member subscribe $1 towards that object? The balance could be easily raised. OLD KENTUCKY Mr Hardinge [sic] has been offered $500. for this portrait by a Historical Society of Boston—but having

11 Certain details in Allen's painting may derive in part from Chapman's ainting of Boone, engraved for the Family Magazine 3 (January 1836): E•ontispiece. Both show a broad-brimmed hat, the dark jacket, the long rifle, a powder horn, fringed leggings, and moccasins. A lithograph from Chap­ man's painting or Redfield's engraving in the Family Magazine was pub­ lished as an advertisement for the lithograph firm Colin R. Milne Company, Louisville, 1836. Kentucky Historical Society ?£J2l% mid-1?20.8' a*tlsts ignored the little-known work of Harding and chose to popularize Boone in both imaginative look and setting. WilhlmC 1 f B ne iS 1 ic iL AUen painted this BoonRoonPe i^Ti^^n 1836, sixtee ? n°° years afte7» r° Boone's death. romantic pictu™ of Daniel Boone 161

offered it to Kentucky for $200, he still gives her the chance to keep it. O. K.12 Because the legislature of Kentucky already had purchased Allen's portrait of Boone for $250, it was not inclined to purchase another. The importunities of "O.K.," suggesting the importance of the authentic Harding portrait, and the fact that a society in Massachusetts would take it away, had no effect. Harding again left it in Frankfort and returned East, consigning the portrait to other hands for safekeeping. He did not return to Frankfort again until very late in his life. He then found the painting in very poor condition, having been "banged about until the great part of it was broken to pieces. . . . The head is as perfect as when it was painted, in color, though there are some small almost imper­ ceptible cracks in it."13 Apparently, the head and neck, down to the shirt collar, were cut out and glued to a new canvas later, with certain surrounding portions repainted. Thus, Harding's explicit reason for destroying the full-length paint­ ing was its poor condition and the still respectable condition of the head. There may be another reason for Harding's destruction of Boone's figure. Perhaps he became increasingly dissatis­ fied with his early figural painting, which has a certain stiff or "wooden" quality. His portrait of General William Clark, the early explorer of the great West along with Meriwether Lewis, appears almost an effigy, not painted from life. He derived his bust portrait of Clark from a work by John Wesley Jarvis.14 When Harding went to Britain in 1824, he suffered sting­ ing criticism on the score of painting the figure. Blackwood's Magazine noted that: Mr. Harding is now in London; [he] has painted some remarkably good portraits (not pictures)... . Mr. Harding is ignorant of drawing. It is completely evi-

12 Frankfort (Kentucky) Daily Commonwealth, 10 February 1848. 13 Harding's letter of 6 October 1861, cited by Reuben Gold Thwaites, Daniel Boone (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1911), 238-239. 14 Leah Lipton, A Truthful Likeness. Chester Harding and His Portraits (Washington, D.C.: The National Portrait Gallery, 1985), 16-17. This sound study of Harding's work and the associated exhibition is invaluable. I am indebted to Ms. Lipton for certain suggestions made about the portraits of Boone before her study was published. 162 Missouri Historical Review dent that he draws only with a full brush, correcting the parts by comparison one with another. Hence it is that his heads and his bodies appear to be the work of two different persons, a master and a bungler. His hands are very bad . . . there is a very visible im­ provement in his later works.15 By Harding's own account, however, Boone had to be "propped up" while he painted the frontiersman. Because of the circumstances, Harding managed only a bust portrait, the "astonishing likeness" to the Boones. He did not have the opportunity to sketch the full figure of Boone. Harding went on to paint at Franklin, where he undoubtedly completed the full-length figure of Boone. It was this portrait which the youngster George Caleb Bingham saw, and which he may have copied as a signboard for Judge Dade's Hotel.16 Thus, another "gap" appears in Harding's painting, between the facial likeness and the full figure. As in the case of his portrait of General Clark, he found a head but improvised a figure. When Harding returned to Frankfort for the last time in 1860, he may have remembered the stinging criticism in Blackwood's Magazine of his early figural work. The paint­ ing became a triple disappointment to him: in its poor condi­ tion he saw only the "ghost" of the full figure. It reminded him of his early difficulties with the figure. The whole affair was painful to him because it was one of his few failures to profit from a painting. He, therefore, destroyed a work which he could not tolerate as a part of his long and successful career. History may judge him harshly for having destroyed the singular "full-length image" of Boone, though as an artist he had a right to define his own work.17 Writing a history that "might have been" is hazardous. If the work of Harding, Lewis and Ludlow had sustained a 15 Harding was aware of this criticism and mentioned it in a letter to Mrs. Harding. The criticism is reprinted in A Sketch of Chester Harding, 39. 16 After seeing Harding at work, Bingham painted a signboard for Judge Dade's Hotel, possibly copied from Harding's figure. This signboard has been lost, another of the misfortunes which befell the full-length image of Boone. 17 French courts have been known to rule in favor of the artist on such matters even though a verbal agreement may have been reached. One artist who consigned works to a dealer for sale took back certain works and burnt them. When the dealer sued the artist's heirs for equivalent works, the court ruled in favor of the heirs, in the decision that the artist had a right to define his own life's work. There was no such agreement, of course, in the case of Harding's deposit of the portrait at Frankfort. Daniel Boone 163 more widely known image of Boone, the tales of adventurous Boone in the Kentucky wilderness probably would not have been influenced. The coonskin Boone has survived to this day in Fess Parker's television series. Furthermore, Boone left Kentucky in disappointment, even bitterness and he appears in Harding's portrait full-length as a frontiersman of the Far West, dressed in the overall buckskin of the frontier, not in his dark jacket which he wore in Kentucky. Soon Boone became an American hero. He appeared in Longacre's and Herring's National Portrait Gallery in 1835 as the "fur collar" Boone.18 Thus, he joins with at least two other great Americans, Thomas Jefferson, who was painted at least once in a fur collar, and Benjamin Franklin, painted in "the Polish manner," in a fur cap. Boone now became a distinguished and nearly gentlemanly figure, graying, and no longer a frontier gamester. Audubon portrays this dis­ tinguished Boone, and Sully, who never saw him, showed him with a book—not the Bible, but Gulliver's Travels, where he found the name for Lulbegrud Creek in Kentucky. All this leaves behind the early "stiffness" of Harding's portrait as recorded by Lewis, but Harding and Lewis should not be blamed unjustly for their failures to "animate" Boone. Many writers abused Lewis. Harold McCracken considered Lewis's Aboriginal Port-Folio, lithographs of Indians printed in Philadelphia in 1835, to be an abuse of his opportunities.19 Even Ludlow, it should be remembered, criticized Lewis's engraving as only tolerably like Harding's portrait. Lewis died poor and embittered in New York, feeling that Catlin's work had preempted his opportunity here and abroad as a painter of Indians. The remarkable conjunction of young talents in St. Louis in 1820 can be both admired and lamented, as having been singular for that moment and yet to have produced less than 18 The "fur collar" Boone is well known from the engraving (1836). It has been reproduced as an early lithograph, copied in oil often, and one version rests at the Filson Club in Louisville, Kentucky. 19 The Aboriginal Port-Folio, announced in Philadelphia 10 July 1835, was not well received. Harold McCracken reproduced a few plates (much reduced), in Portrait of the Old West (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Com­ pany, Inc., 1952), 39. But his judgment of Lewis is harsh. "It seems unfor­ tunate that James Otto Lewis did not devote more time to writing, particu­ larly when we consider the art work he accomplished." Ibid., 46. Lewis was relatively unnoticed. Catlin and other painters had gone to the plains by that time and were acquiring reputations as the painters of the Plains Indians. 164 Missouri Historical Review expected. If Lewis's print indeed became the "first engraving west of the Mississippi," this singular happening was less than a masterpiece. If Harding's authentic image of Boone now remains less than full-length, his decision to destroy the painting robbed history of a primary document for the life of Boone. It presented a confession of his early difficulty with figure painting and under singular circumstances. His gift for painting "a truthful likeness" was only for "heads." Ludlow, a scrounger under adverse circumstances, was an actor trying to survive economic depression and the failure of two companies. He was careless in "remaindering" those prints left to him. Yet, he tried to keep alive the image of the "Hunters of Kentucky" in his own way. All these young men were in St. Louis at the proper moment to make the image of Daniel Boone; they unfortunately suffered consequences not fully to their credit, but which, of course, they could not foresee.

Meet the Hon. James S. Green

The Bench and Bar of St. Louis, Kansas City, Jefferson City, and Other Missouri Cities. Biographical Sketches with Steel Engraved Portraits (St. Louis and Chicago: American Biographical Publishing Co., 1884), 70. The late James S. Green, one of the few men who, like Abraham Lincoln, could successfully debate with Stephen A. Douglas, and who at one period was one of the brightest ornaments of the Missouri bar, hailed from the Old Dominion, where he was born in 1817. Like Mr. Lincoln, Mr. Green early foraged for his education on the underbrush of science; like Mr. Lincoln he was a self-educated man, and a great lawyer, and unlike Mr. Lincoln, he turned traitor to his country, and voluntarily signed his own political death warrant. ... he was elected to the senate, and left the latter body by expulsion for disloyalty, early in the year 1861. In logical powers he stood among the abler class of men in the upper house, but his disloyalty was his political ruin. . . .

The Truth about Errors

California Greenback Derrick, April 1, 1882. A mistake is not the less so, and will never grow into a truth, because we have believed it a long time, though it be the harder to part with. An error is not the less dangerous, nor the less contrary to truth, because it is cried up and held in veneration by any party. State Historical Society of Missouri

Andrew Tau: Missouri Photographer BY SUSAN YESHILADA* The State Historical Society of Missouri recently began the collection of photographs as fine art. The works of Andrew Tau, formerly a photographer at the University of Missouri- Columbia, are included in the Society's collections. Tau has donated more than 400 photographs to the Society since 1986. Tau's work is notable for its sharp images, tonal qualities, composition and variety. Born 1906 in Boone County to Thomas and Miran Tow, Andrew was the youngest of ten children. In 1850, his grand- *Susan Yeshilada holds a B.A. in history from the University of Cali­ fornia, Berkeley, and an M.A. degree in history from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. She has worked as a research assistant at the State Historical Society of Missouri. 165 166 Missouri Historical Review father, Ole Thomasson, had emigrated from Norway and adopted the name Tau, but immigration officials listed the surname as Tow. Later, Andrew, and his brother Bruce, changed it back to Tau. During his youth, Tau learned about farming, dairying and mechanics, and he spent seven years at a rural school. He took a job at an electrical shop in Columbia in 1926, but moved to Youngstown, Ohio, and Chicago in 1928. For the next five years, Tau worked as millwright and machine repairman; in 1933, he began em­ ployment as a metallurgist. While working in the metallurgy lab, Tau began pho­ tographing the steel mill with an 8 x 10 view camera. In­ trigued with photography, he read voraciously on the subject and experimented not only with optics, but also with chemi­ cal and mechanical developing techniques. His fascination with the scientific aspects of photography accounts for the high technical quality of his work. Besides work at the steel mill, Tau photographed other subjects in his leisure time. Some of his studio portraits have a soft focus quality remi­ niscent of Margaret Bourke-White and Arnold Genthe. Tau returned to Columbia in 1945 and worked as a photographer for Stephens College and as a carpenter. In 1952, he began his nineteen-year career at the University of Missouri. His illustrations grace two books: Trees of Mis­ souri, by C. Settergren and R.E. McDermott (Columbia, Mis­ souri: University of Missouri Agricultural Experiment Sta­ tion, reprinted 1977); and Everyday Art in India, by R.F. Bussabarger and B.D. Robins. The Missouri Alumnus also published many of his photographs, including a portrait of George C. Scott. While Tau worked with the university, he also participated actively in the Columbia Art League and Mid-Missouri Camera Club. Photographs of Missouri rural scenes, as well as Western states, exemplify his love of farming and the natural en­ vironment. Photo enthusiasts best know Tau for his sharply focused black and white pictures. Like Ansel Adams and Edward Weston, Tau's work demonstrates chiaroscuro—the use of light and dark in pictorial representation. The variety of tonal qualities accentuates the realistic intensity of the photograph. His closeup pictures draw attention to detail and line. Andrew Tau 167

Although Tau has experimented with abstract forms and various developing techniques, he generally remains in the straight photographic school of Alfred Stieglitz and Paul Strand. Tau, however, occasionally uses toners to give a slightly blue, red, or yellow quality to the final print. To produce a different emotional sense, he sometimes uses a soft focus lens. Tau once summarized his approach to photography by saying that "the photographer's first requirement is to achieve in his picture the maximum information from that subject. The next thing is to present it in such a way that the viewer, if possible, will experience the same emotional reaction that I did when I first saw the subject."1 In 1981, Tau moved to California to be near his family. He continues to donate his photographic art to the State Historical Society of Missouri, where researchers and the public can use and enjoy it. The photographs which follow exemplify the Tau Collection.

1 Andrew Thomasson, "Andy Tau: Photographer," Missouri Life (No­ vember-December, 1977): 46. 168 Missouri Historical Review

State Historical Society of Missouri Andrew Tau 169

State Historical Society of Missouri 170 Missouri Historical Review

State Historical Society of Missouri Andrew Tau 171

State Historical Society of Missouri 172 Missouri Historical Review

State Historical Society of Missouri Andrew Tau 173

State Historical Society of Missouri 174 Missouri Historical Review

State Historical Society of Missouri Andrew Tau 175

State Historical Society of Missouri 176 Missouri Historical Review

State Historical Society of Missouri Andrew Tau 111

State Historical Society of Missouri 178 Missouri Historical Review

State Historical Society of Missouri Antebellum Missouri in Historical Perspective BY WILLIAM E. FOLEY* Within recent years the heightened awareness of the value and importance of social history has profoundly influ­ enced historical research and writing. The results sometimes have been dramatic. On the pages of many newer histories, great men from the past find themselves in the company of women, minorities and ordinary people, and accounts of cele­ brated events share space with stories of everyday life. Be­ cause it is so well suited to these latest approaches, state and local history has won new disciples within the historical profession. Colleagues, who a few short years ago were in­ clined to view it as the province of amateurs and antiqua­ rians, now seem eager to include its practitioners within the mainstream of American historical scholarship. Missouri historians have been quick to capitalize on the challenges and opportunities offered by these developments, and in tandem with a broadly based group of anthropologists, archaelogists, art historians, folklorists and geographers, they have written another chapter in the state's expanding his­ toriography. The writings about pre-Civil War Missouri, pub­ lished during the past decade, reflect the growing popularity of social history and interdisciplinary studies. Since 1977, the Missouri Historical Review (MHR), The Bulletin of the Mis­ souri Historical Society, and its successor Gateway Heritage, have offered their readers an increasingly diverse collection of articles representative of the latest scholarly trends. Al­ though the state's premier historical journals have not ne­ glected traditional topics dealing with business, economics, politics, military affairs, and legal and constitutional issues, they have alloted more space to articles about frontier demog­ raphy, settlement patterns, urban history, architecture, ma­ terial culture, women, minorities, immigration and ethnicity. To illustrate these developments and to draw attention to Missouri's expanding historical bibliography, a sampling of

* William E. Foley is professor of history at Central Missouri State University. He has published extensively on the history of Missouri. 179 180 Missouri Historical Review books, articles, and other studies, authored during the past ten years about the state's pre-Civil War era, have been assembled for discussion. Since space limitations preclude mention of all recent publications, the partial listing in this review essay should be viewed as representative of the latest trends in Missouri historiography. The scholarly attention recently lavished on Missouri's oldest settlement, Ste. Genevieve, affords an excellent exam­ ple of the sort of thing that has been happening in Missouri history. Community leaders there helped launch a major historical reassessment of their town by concluding an agree­ ment with the State Historical Society and the University of Missouri to catalog and microfilm the priceless Ste. Gene­ vieve Archives. Once that project had been completed, Pro­ fessor Susan Flader, a member of the History Department at the University of Missouri-Columbia, secured funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities, under the aegis of the university's newly established Missouri Cultural Heri­ tage Center, to initiate an intensive three-year interdisci­ plinary study of the historic Missouri town. With Bernard Schram as a moving force, the Foundation for the Restora­ tion of Ste. Genevieve organized a series of seminars to keep local residents informed of the findings flowing from the research underway in their community. Schram's own per­ sonalized account in Gateway Heritage, "Ste. Genevieve: A Treasure Tour of Early Missouri History," captured in words and in pictures the river community's unique charm that still captivates both researchers and tourists. Although the final results of the Ste. Genevieve interdis­ ciplinary project have yet to be published, the preliminary reports presented at the concluding 1985 Ste. Genevieve sym­ posium hold great promise of things to come. When com­ pleted, Flader's work on settlement patterns in the old town; Chad McDaniel's reconstitution of a demographic profile for Ste. Genevieve; Anna Price's examination of eighteen-cen- tury corporate structures and economic development in the Mid-Mississippi Valley; Susan Boyle's investigation of wom­ en's roles in French colonial society; Osmund Overby's study of Ste. Genevieve architecture; and Walter Schroeder's anal­ ysis of settlement patterns in the Ste. Genevieve district between 1790 and 1819 should make substantial contribu­ tions to the study of early Missouri. As a case in point, a Antebellum Missouri 181 portion of Boyle's excellent paper, "Did She Generally De­ cide? Women in Ste. Genevieve, 1750-1805," recently appeared in the October 1987 issue of the William and Mary Quarterly. In addition to the work of the University of Missouri team, Ste. Genevieve has had the good fortune to attract the attention of another major scholar, Carl Ekberg. His 1985 book, Colonial Ste. Genevieve: An Adventure on the Missis­ sippi Frontier1 is a path-breaking study that provides the first truly comprehensive portrait of daily life in colonial Missouri. Ekberg drew upon his exhaustive reading of French and Spanish archival materials and his considerable skills as a writer to introduce the reader to the colorful assemblage of miners, merchants, farmers, trappers, homemakers, chil­ dren, slaves and Indians who inhabited the riverine village. This appealing history of Missouri's earliest permanent settle­ ment includes chapters on such varied topics as the town's founding, Indian-white relations, slavery, medical practices, family life, childrearing, town government and the Catholic church. Ekberg's ability to relate the happenings in Ste. Genevieve to the larger world of the eighteenth century adds to its value. Colonial Ste. Genevieve, which won the pres­ tigious Gilbert Chinard Prize in 1986 for the best book pub­ lished in the field of Franco-American studies, serves as a model that authors of community histories everywhere would do well to emulate. Several related studies also deserve mention. Rosemary Hyde Thomas's It's Good to Tell You,2 a collection of French folktales from Missouri, provides another example of the richness and importance of the state's French heritage. Mel- burn D. Thurman's Building a House in 18th Century Ste. Genevieve3 and Susan Green's University of Missouri-Colum­ bia M.A. thesis, "The Material Culture of a Pre-Enclosure Village in Upper Louisiana, Open Fields, Houses and Cab­ inetry in Colonial Ste. Genevieve, 1750-1804," added signifi­ cantly to the story of Ste. Genevieve's built environment. Two valuable MHR articles are Ekberg's "Antoine Valentin De Gruy: Early Missouri Explorer" and David Denman's "His­ tory of 'La Saline': Salt Manufacturing Site 1675-1825." Other works of interest covering Missouri's colonial and early terri- 1 (Gerald, Mo.: Patrice Press, 1985). 2 (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1981). 3 (Ste. Genevieve, Mo.: Pendragon's Press, 1984). 182 Missouri Historical Review

torial years are Lynn Morrow's "New Madrid and its Hinter­ land," and John Francis McDermott's "Battle of St. Louis, 25 May 1780," both in The Bulletin, and David B. Gracy's "Moses Austin and the Development of the Missouri Lead Industry" in Gateway Heritage. A team of anthropologists and archaeologists headed by Michael O'Brien of the University of Missouri-Columbia sub­ jected another region—the Salt River Valley in Northeast Missouri—to intense scrutiny. Their study, Grassland, Forest, and Historical Settlement,4 is a work that Missouri historians will find very useful. The authors utilized census schedules, family genealogies, church records and probate documents to gauge the effects of kinship, commonality of origins and religion on settlement patterns in the region. The investi­ gators completed their picture of the Salt River Valley settle­ ments, which they characterize as typical of Upper South culture, by examining the built environment and individual frontier households. Historians may not share the authors' enthusiasm for formal theory and explicit models, but they can take a lesson from the ways they have combined docu­ mentary sources and archaeological data to fashion a sub­ stantial body of material on comparative frontier develop­ ment. A more generalized treatment of Missouri's settlement patterns and population origins is geographer Russel Ger- lach's Settlement Patterns in Missouri.5 His data on popula­ tion origins by county makes the book a useful addition to the literature of Missouri. Walter Schroeder's previously men­ tioned Ste. Genevieve study and his essay, "Rural Settlement Patterns of the German-Missouri Cultural Landscape," in­ cluded in Howard Marshall and James W. Goodrich, eds., The German-American Experience in Missouri: Essays in Commemoration of the Tricentennial of German Immigra­ tion to America, 1683-1983,6 continued the fine work he began with his often cited MHR study of early settlement patterns in Howard County.7 Other pertinent articles in this category include two

4 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1984). 5 (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1986). 6 (Columbia: Missouri Cultural Heritage Center, 1986). 7 Walter Schroeder, "Spread of Settlement in Howard County, Missouri, 1810-1859," Missouri Historical Review 63 (October 1968): 1-37. Antebellum Missouri 183

MHR entries, "Population and Agriculture in Nodaway County, Missouri, 1850 to 1860," by Randall Manring, and "The Expansion of the Settlement Frontier in Missouri," by James Shortridge. Lynn Morrow's recent Gateway Heritage article, "Marshall and its Eastwood Neighborhood," has been extracted from a larger demographic analysis of Saline County contained in the Historic Preservation Survey he prepared for the Missouri Valley Planning Commission in Marshall. As the works of Morrow and Schroeder suggest, the Boonslick Country remains a promising subject for fur­ ther historical investigation. With the rich array of historical data, including the numerous interviews with early Boonslick settlers in the Draper Manuscript Collection, that region could provide the basis for a Missouri study comparable to John Mack Faragher's highly acclaimed Sugar Creek: Life on the Illinois Prairie.8 In his 1978 address to the annual meeting of the State Historical Society and subsequent MHR article, "The Ozarks in Missouri History," Duane Meyer called attention to that much neglected region's historical importance and urged mem­ bers of the profession to give it their attention. Geographer Milton Rafferty offered up a broad overview in his 1980 work, The Ozarks: Land and Life,9 but the region still awaits a comprehensive historical treatment. The work of Bob Flan­ ders, Lynn Morrow and others associated with the Center for Ozark Studies at Southwest Missouri State University gives evidence of the richness of the subject. Particularly note­ worthy are Flanders's recent Gateway Heritage article, "Cale­ donia: Ozark Legacy of the High Scotch-Irish," which suc­ cessfully combines the study of ethnicity with the story of a particular place in the Ozarks. Representative of Morrow's excellent work is his "Yocum Silver Dollar: Images, Realities, and Traditions," included in The German-American Experi­ ence in Missouri. A slightly different version of that intrigu­ ing tale was published in Gateway Heritage. Another Ozark study appearing in Gateway was Curtis Synhorst's "Antebel­ lum Vigilantes: The Slicker War in Missouri." Immigration and ethnicity loom large not only in Ozark history but in Missouri history in general. During the past

8 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986). 9 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1980). 184 Missouri Historical Review decade, any number of important contributions have dealt with the state's German heritage. The previously mentioned German-American Experience in Missouri brings together a diverse assortment of essays covering many different aspects of the state's German heritage. The publication of a definitive edition of Gottfried Duden's Report on a Journey to the Western States of North America,10 under the general edi­ torship of Goodrich, was another welcome addition. Steven Rowan and James Neal Primm added a piece to the story of Missouri's German-American experience by making available in English translation a collection of writings by St. Louis German Radicals on the eve of the Civil War,11 and Frederic Trautmann provided MHR readers with a translation of a Franz von Lbher's work which he titled "Missouri Through a German's Eyes: Franz von Lbher on St. Louis and Her­ mann." Charles van Ravenswaay's masterful The Arts and Architecture of German Settlements in Missouri: A Survey of a Vanishing Culture12 captured Missouri's German traditions in architecture and the decorative arts in text and in pictures. Goodrich's address to the State Historical Society and MHR article, "Gottfried Duden: A Nineteenth-Century Missouri Pro­ moter"; Linda Pickle's award-winning article in the same journal, "Stereotypes and Reality: Nineteenth-Century Ger­ man Women in Missouri"; and Siegmar Muehl's MHR ac­ count "Eduard Miihl: 1800-1854, Missouri Editor, Religious Free-Thinker and Fighter for Human Rights" are other useful studies on this subject. But the task of weaving together the complex strands of Missouri's German heritage remains to be accomplished. Van Ravenswaay's handsome 1977 volume provides an­ other example of the growing attention being accorded to Missouri's material culture. Howard Marshall's Folk Archi­ tecture in Little Dixie: A Regional Culture in Missouri13 ably demonstrated the strong southern influences that shaped the cultural identity of the portion of Central Missouri, later known in the popular lexicon as Little Dixie. More recently,

10 (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1980). 11 Germans for a Free Missouri: Translations from the St. Louis Radical Press, 1857-1862. Selected and translated by Steven Rowan with introduction and commentary by James Neal Primm. (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1983). 12 (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1977). 13 (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1981). Antebellum Missouri 185

James Denny made a substantial contribution with three fine articles: "Vernacular Building Process in Missouri: Nath­ aniel Leonard's Activities, 1825-1870," received the MHR's best article award, and "A Transition of Style in Missouri's Antebellum Domestic Southern Architecture," and "Early Southern Domestic Architecture in Missouri, 1810-1840: The 'Georgianization' of the trans-Mississippi West," both were published in the Pioneer America Society Transactions. Wil­ liam E. Foley and C. David Rice's " Touch Not a Stone': An 1841 Appeal to Save the Historic Chouteau Mansion," in Gateway Heritage, and Ruth Rollins Westfall's "LaGrange: Home of the James S. Rollins Family" in the MHR dealt with specific historic Missouri dwellings. Articles about Missouri art and artists have become a regular feature in Gateway Heritage. The liberally illustrated journal's general format makes it an ideal vehicle for show­ casing items from the Missouri Historical Society's art col­ lections. Karen McCoskey Goering's "Peter Rindisbacher (1806-1834): First Artist of the North American Frontier," and "Manuel de Franca: St. Louis Portrait Painter"; Marie Schmitz's "Henry Lewis: Panorama Maker"; Lincoln Bunce Spiess's "Carl Wimar"; John Francis McDermott's "Charles Deas' Portrait of a Mountain Man: A Mystery in Western Art"; and Peter Michel's "Visions of the West: Romance and Reality," are representative of that genre. A comparable con­ tribution in the MHR is David Boutros's "The West Illus­ trated: Meyer's Views of Missouri River Towns." The vital roles Missouri and its people assumed in the settlement and development of the American West continue to generate scholarly interest. William E. Foley examined Missouri's connections with trans-Mississippi exploration in his address to the State Historical Society, "The Lewis and Clark Expedition's Silent Partners: The Chouteau Brothers of St. Louis," subsequently published in the MHR. A special issue of Gateway Heritage commemorating the Lewis and Clark expedition's 175th anniversary, Jo Tice Bloom's Gate­ way article "Daniel Boone: Trailblazer to a Nation," and Thomas Isern's MHR contribution, "Exploration and Diplo­ macy: George Champlin Sibley's Report to William Clark, 1811," also dealt with aspects of the westward movement. The enduring fascination with western exploration has stimulated renewed interest in the early efforts to map the 186 Missouri Historical Review

American West's vast uncharted spaces. W. Raymond Wood's contributions have established him as a leading authority on the pioneering cartographers of the Missouri and Mississippi valleys. His works on that subject include: "The John Evans 1796-97 Map of the Missouri River," and "Mapping the Mis­ souri River through the Great Plains, 1673-1895," both in the Great Plains Quarterly, and "William Clark's Mapping in Missouri, 1803-1804," and "Nicholas de Finiels: Mapping the Mississippi & Missouri Rivers, 1797-1798," both in the MHR. Two articles dealing with Missouri place names are John Francis McDermott's "William Clark's Struggle with Place Names in Upper Louisiana," in The Bulletin, and Walter Schroeder's "Panther Hollow and Dead Elm School: Plant and Animal Place Names in Missouri" in the MHR. In a retrospective MHR essay, "The Santa Fe Trader as Mercantile Capitalist," the preeminent Missouri scholar Lewis Atherton shared his insights about the varied roles of mer­ cantile capitalists in frontier environments. Atherton's con­ siderable body of work on the entrepreneurial influences in frontier development did much to shape western historical writing in Missouri and elsewhere. William E. Foley and C. David Rice's "Pierre Chouteau, Entrepreneur as Indian Agent," in the MHR and their "Compounding the Risks: International Politics, Wartime Dislocations, and Auguste Chouteau's Fur Trading Operations, 1792-1815," in The Bul­ letin reflected Atherton's strong influence, as did James W. Goodrich's MHR piece, "Richard Campbell: The Missouri Years." Foley's "Justus Post: Portrait of a Frontier Land Speculator," in The Bulletin and William B. Claycomb's "John S. Jones: Farmer, Freighter, and Frontier Promoter" in the MHR discuss another facet of frontier entrepreneurial activity. Peter Michel's Gateway Heritage article, "The St. Louis Fur Trade—Archives," described the Missouri Historical Society's extensive collection of fur company ledgers and account books. American Indians were key participants in the frontier story, and Missouri's once sizable Indian populace deserves renewed attention. In 1983, six decades after he began re­ searching the history of colonial Missouri, A.P. Nasatir added to his list of distinguished studies with the publication of The Imperial Osages: Spanish-Indian Diplomacy in the Missis- sippi Valley14 in collaboration with Gilbert Din. Din and 14 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1983). Antebellum Missouri 187

Nasatir used the voluminous Spanish Archives to fashion a comprehensive account of Indian policies in the Mississippi Valley from the Spanish perspective, but they failed to por­ tray adequately the Indian view of the relationship. Willard Rollings's fine ethnohistorical study of the Osages to 1840, scheduled for publication by the University of Missouri Press, will at long last give a full-fledged account of Missouri's largest and most powerful Indian tribe.15 Robert Bray wrote about the state's principal other resident tribe, the Missouris, in "Bourgmond's Fort D'Orleans and the Missouri Indians" in the MHR. Still to be examined are the experiences of Missouri's numerous immigrant Indian tribes. Lynn Morrow's MHR article, "Trader William Hart Gilliss and Delaware Migration in Southern Missouri," based in part on a skillful reading of probate court records, and his previously mentioned work on the legend of the Yocum dollar, offer the best information to date on attempts to make the Ozarks a dumping grounds for Eastern Indians. Emory Melton's "Delaware Town and the Swan Trading Post, 1822-1831," in the White River Valley Historical Society Quarterly, is another useful source on this sorely neglected topic. Missouri historians also have demonstrated a growing interest in the activities of women and minorities. Joining the previously cited studies by Boyle and Pickle in this category are Janet Bruce's MHR piece on the domestic arts, "Of Sugar and Salt and Things in the Cellar and Sun: Food Preservation in Jackson County in the 1850s," Katherine Corbett's "Veuve Chouteau: A 250th Anniversary," and Sarah J. Gregory's "Pioneer Housewife: The Autobiography of Sally Dodge Morris," both of which appeared in the special issue of Gateway Heritage devoted to women. Women's history re­ mains a wide-open field for researchers in Missouri history. In addition to Lorenzo Greene, Gary Kremer and Tony Holland's overall study Missouri's Black Heritage16 there have been several specialized articles on antebellum blacks and slavery including Donnie Bellamy's "The Persistency of Colonization in Missouri"; James William McGettigan's two

15 Willard H. Rollings, "Prairie Hegemony: An Ethnohistorical Study of the Osage, From Early Times to 1840,r(Ph.D. diss., Texas Tech University, 1983). 16 (St. Louis: Forum Press, 1980). 188 Missouri Historical Review part "Boone County Slaves: Sales, Estate Divisions, and Families, 1820-1865"; Barbara Green's, "Slave Labor at the Maramec Iron Works, 1828-1850"; and William E. Foley's, "Slave Freedom Suits Before Dred Scott: The Case of Marie Jean Scypion's Descendants," all in the MHR. A general study of slavery in Missouri to replace Harrison Trexler's badly outdated work is long overdue.17 A number of important works in Missouri urban history have been written, but Lawrence Christensen's review essay, covering the post-1860 era and scheduled to appear in the April issue of the MHR, will include a discussion of those studies. Nonetheless, any review of pre-1860 Missouri would be incomplete were it not to mention Neal Primm's compre­ hensive treatment of St. Louis in his superb study, Lion of the Valley,18 and his State Historical Society address and MHR article, "Yankee Merchants in a Border City: A Look at St. Louis Businessmen in the 1850s." Glen Holt's award- winning MHR article, "St. Louis's Transition Decade, 1819- 1830," likewise placed that period in the Gateway City's history in clearer perspective. Stephen C. LeSueur's masterful new book, The 1838 Mor­ mon War in Missouri,19 is a noteworthy addition to the state's historical literature. The author's evenhanded treatment cap­ tures the complexities of this tragic episode, and his careful analysis places the conflict within the broader framework of nineteenth-century American cultural forces. For anyone who wants to understand the Mormon story in Missouri, this book is a must. Another recent contribution that touches on the state's religious history is Annabelle M. Melville's two-volume Louis William DuBourg: Bishop of Louisiana and the Flor- idas. . . , 1766-1833.20 John E. Rybolt's "Missouri in 1847: The Pastoral Visit of Archbishop Kenrick," in The Bulletin and his "The Carondelet Seminary," in the MHR added to the story of the state's early Catholic history, and Mary K. Dains looked at a major Missouri Protestant group in her MHR piece, "Alexander Campbell and the Missouri Disciples of Christ, 1852."

17 Harrison A. Trexler, Slavery in Missouri, 1804-1865 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1914). 18 (Denver: Pruett Publishing Co., 1981). 19 (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1987). 20 (Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1986). Antebellum Missouri 189

There is still no comprehensive modern account of educa­ tion in Missouri, but Ralph E. Glauert published two articles dealing with frontier schooling: "An Uncommon Commit­ ment: Clergymen and Their Schools in Frontier Missouri," in The Bulletin, and "Stereotypes and Cliches: The Pioneer Teacher in Missouri," in the MHR. Ken Luebbering's "The Emergence of Bureaucracy: The Missouri School Law of 1853," also in the MHR detailed an important step in the creation of the Missouri school system. During the past decade, political history has received considerably less attention than in previous times, no doubt in part because it had been the most thoroughly studied aspect of antebellum Missouri. Recent MHR articles on this topic included Perry McCandless, "Benton v. Barton: The Formation of the Second-Party System in Missouri"; Nicholas P. Hardeman, "Fighting Words from the Frontier: Thomas Hardeman on the Election of 1824-1825"; Elizabeth Snapp, "Government Patronage of the Press in St. Louis, Missouri: 1829-1832"; James W. Goodrich, "Robert Eaton Acock: The Gentleman from Polk"; and Ronald C. Woolsey, "The West Becomes a Problem: The Missouri Controversy and Slavery Expansion as the Southern Dilemma." Legal and constitutional questions were addressed in the following MHR articles: Larry D. Ball's prize-winning, "Fed­ eral Justice on the Santa Fe Trail: The Murder of Antonio Jos<£ Chavez"; Eleanore Bushnell's "The Impeachment and Trial of James H. Peck"; Christopher Phillips's "The Court Martial of Lieutenant Nathaniel Lyon"; and the previously cited "Slave Freedom Suits Before Dred Scott: The Case of Marie Jean Scypion's Descendants." Gerald T. Dunne's forth­ coming history of the Missouri Supreme Court will fill a major void in the state's historiography. One final category remains to be surveyed—biography. This more traditional form of historical writing continues to flourish, and there have been several notable additions to the lengthening list of Missouri biographies. Jerome Steffen broke new ground in William Clark: Jeffersonian Man on the Fron­ tier.21 This brief but intriguing study portraying Clark as a spokesman for eighteenth-century principles and values, who increasingly found himself out of step with the emerging

(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1977). 190 Missouri Historical Review

Jacksonian order, is a worthwhile contribution, but the defini­ tive biography of Clark remains to be written. Another impressive biography is Richard Clokey's William H. Ashley: Enterprise and Politics in the Trans-Mississippi West.22 This splendid book provided the first comprehensive account of Ashley, the Missouri politician and frontier en­ trepreneur whose innovations helped revolutionize the far western fur trade. Despite the destruction of many of Ash­ ley's records and papers in a fire, Clokey manages to piece together a remarkably complete account and demonstrates that a first-rate biography can be fashioned without a large body of personal papers. The First Chouteaus: River Barons of Early St. Louis,23 coauthored by William E. Foley and C. David Rice, offers the first full-fledged study of Auguste and Pierre Chouteau and their numerous enterprises. Also worth mentioning for the insights they provide concerning the Missouri years of their subjects are Robert J. Brugger's Beverley Tucker: Heart Over Head in the Old South24 and Nicholas Perkins Hardeman's Wilderness Calling: The Hardeman Family in the American Westward Movement.25 There are numerous Missouri subjects who continue to go begging for a good biographer—the Valles of Ste. Genevieve, Louis Lorimier, the trader and confidant of the Shawnee and Delaware Indians, Senator Lewis Linn, and Moses Austin to name only a few. There also are a number of eighteenth-and nineteenth-century Missouri women and men from various walks of life who deserve, at the very least, a comprehensive sketch in an updated Missouri biographical directory. All of which is to say, that despite all that has been written about antebellum Missouri, there is enough remain­ ing to be done to keep future generations of Missouri his­ torians occupied for years to come.

22 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1980). 23 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1983). 24 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978). 25 (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1977).

The Epicure Harper's Weekly, May 19, 1860. "So far, so good," as the boy said when he finished the first pot of his mother's jam. Historical Notes and Comments 191 HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS

Society Holds Annual Meeting The State Historical Society of Missouri held its annual meeting on October 17, 1987, at the Memorial Union of the University of Missouri in Columbia. Joseph Webber, president of the Society, presided. At the annual meeting, the members of the Society elected trustees to three-year terms ending in 1990. They are: H. Riley Bock, Portageville; Robert S. Dale, Carthage; Frederick W. Lehman IV, Webster Groves; George McCue, St. Louis; Robert C. Smith, Columbia; Wallace B. Smith, Independence; and Robert M. White, Mexico. James W. Goodrich, director of the State Historical Society of Missouri, presented a reading and disposition of the min­ utes for the annual meeting held October 25, 1986. Albert 192 Missouri Historical Review

Price, treasurer, reported on the Annual Balance Sheet of the Membership Fund (Trust). Noble Cunningham, fourth vice president, read an audit statement concerning the Member­ ship Fund, and William Aull, chairman of the Finance Com­ mittee, presented the Financial Report on behalf of the Fi­ nance and Executive Committees. Elizabeth Kennedy gave the report of the nominating committee. Upon election of the trustees, the director presented his annual report in which he noted that the Society had received $635,345 in state appropriations for fiscal year 1987-1988. He reported that most of the construction and renovation at Ellis Library and the State Historical Society had been completed and that working conditions at the Society were returning to normal. The director also reported that the staff provided services to more than 44,000 patrons through its reference, Historical Notes and Comments 193 p^i^^ Joseph Webber, president, congratulates _^jjs Professors Gary Kremer (left) and Law- *' rence Christensen (right) for winning the Richard S. Brownlee Fund Award. Joseph Webber (below) presented the Floyd C. Shoemaker Award to Carol Farr on behalf of her son Robert.

Robert C. Smith (above left) received an engraved plaque in recognition of his spe­ cial service to the Society as Chairman of the Bylaws Revision Committee. Professor Larry D. Ball (left) won the So­ ciety's award for the best article published in the Missouri Historical Review, while Francis M. Barnes III (right) received the Society's Distinguished Service Award.

newspaper, editorial, acquisition, cataloging and administra­ tive sections during the past year. In addition, the Joint Collection, University of Missouri Western Historical Manu­ script Collection-State Historical Society of Missouri Manu­ scripts aided more than 7,000 patrons. Journalist Jim Wolfe continued his "Know-Me State" series on behalf of the So­ ciety. During the year, he provided announcements to some 130 newspapers across the state. In addition, the director noted that special projects included the preparation of a slide show about the State Historical Society, which is available upon request. Staff members also began plans for a slide show entitled "Missouri Women in History." The director also reported that the Society offered three workshops on 194 Missouri Historical Review

genealogy and family history, writing local history and his­ toric preservation, during the morning of the annual meeting. Seventy people registered for those workshops. The director announced that the Society has undertaken two major projects to aid researchers. One project involves a state-wide assessment of local records. The National His­ torical Publications and Records Commission funded the first phase of this assessment project through a grant to the Secretary of State. In addition, the Society and the Univer­ sity of Missouri-Kansas City Library are co-directors for the Missouri Newspaper Project which the National Endowment for the Humanities has funded. When this project reaches fruition, titles for all of the newspapers in Missouri will be entered into a data base that researchers throughout the nation can use. Upon completion of the director's annual report, Robert C. Smith, chairman of the Bylaws Revision Committee, dis­ cussed the need to revise the bylaws, and he reported on the work of the committee. Copies of the bylaws had been mailed

During the past year, the Society received several important collections of fine art. Jannette Hoagland of Columbia (below) presented a collection of photographs taken by her late husband, Dan B. Hoag­ land. Edward Clifton Collings, associate professor of photography at Columbia Col­ lege (below right) also donated a collec­ tion of his photographs to the fine arts collection. In addition, the Society was fortunate to receive 150 original editorial cartoons of Jesse T. Cargill from his grand­ daughter Catherine Cargill Blake (right). Historical Notes and Comments 195 to the members prior to the meeting, and the members in attendance unanimously approved the revisions. Following the business meeting, more than 250 members and guests attended the annual luncheon in the Memorial Union Ballroom. President Joseph Webber presided and pre­ sented the Society's Distinguished Service Award and Medal­ lion to Francis M. Barnes III. The Richard S. Brownlee Fund Award was given to Lawrence O. Christensen, chairman of the Department of History and Political Science at the Uni­ versity of Missouri-Rolla, and to Gary R. Kremer, associate professor of history at Lincoln University. This award will support the research for their forthcoming book that will be volume IV of the Missouri Sesquicentennial Series. Larry D. Ball, professor of history at Arkansas State University, Jones- boro, won the award for the best article published in the Missouri Historical Review during the past year. That article, "Federal Justice on the Santa Fe Trail: The Murder of An­ tonio Jose Chavez," appeared in the October 1986 issue. President Webber presented the Floyd C. Shoemaker Award for the best paper written by a senior high school student to the parents of Robert M. Farr for his work "The Forgotten River." President Webber also presented Robert C. Smith with an engraved plaque in recognition of his special service to the Society as chairman of the Bylaws Revision Com­ mittee. Gerald T. Dunne, McDonnell Professor of Justice in American Society at St. Louis University, gave the luncheon address, entitled "Naught for your Comfort: An Antidote to Bicentennial Euphoria." Professor Dunne is a scholar of American legal history, and his address appears in this issue. Upon conclusion of the luncheon, the members and guests attended the Society's open house where they viewed displays in the reference and newspaper libraries and an exhibit featuring the works of George Caleb Bingham, Thomas Hart Benton, Karl Bodmer, John James Audubon, Charles Schwartz and Jesse Cargill in the newly expanded and remodeled Art Gallery. Visitors also enjoyed the photographic exhibit which featured the work of Andrew Tau, Dan B. Hoagland and Edward Clifton Collings in the Corridor Gallery.

198 Missouri Historical Review

NEWS IN BRIEF On October 24, the Kansas City genealogical and other organizations. Museum opened a major exhibit, "Missouri Women in History," approx­ "Writing With Light: Kansas City's imately 30 minutes long, is designed Photographic Heritage." The exhibit to recognize the many contributions highlights the museum's collections women have made to the history of of photos and equipment by illustrat­ our state and nation. It includes in­ ing the evolution of photographic tech­ formation about more than thirty nology and its practice in the Kansas prominent Missouri women, who City area. It will continue until April have played important roles in our 24, 1988. The museum also reported society. This program is available approval of a $3.5 million plan to free of charge except for postage and restore Corinthian Hall, the former handling. Interested persons may con­ R.A. Long mansion which houses the tact the State Historical Society at museum. Following nearly a year of least one month in advance of the research by the Corinthian Hall Task date needed to schedule the slide Force, the museum's executive board show. Please write to: confirmed the plan which also in­ Mary K. Dains cludes improvements to the mansion's State Historical Society of grounds and outbuildings. Missouri 1020 Lowry Street Columbia, Missouri 65201 James W. Goodrich, executive direc­ or call (314) 882-7083, 882-9367, or tor of the Society, chaired a session 882-9368. titled "What Shall We Preserve? As­ sessing Missouri's Historical Records Needs" at the Ninth Mid-America The Mine au Breton Historical So­ Conference on History, held at South­ ciety in Potosi has been awarded a west Missouri State University, in Certificate of Commendation by the Springfield, September 24-26. During American Association for State and the session, he delivered a paper on Local History. The Society received the status of historical repositories this prestigious award for its out­ in the state. standing work in the field of local On October 20, Dr. Goodrich pre­ history. Richard S. Kirkendall, Henry sented a paper titled "Contemporary A. Wallace Professor of History at Research in Missouri History: An Iowa State University, also was Overview" at the 73rd Annual Meet­ awarded a Certificate of Commenda­ ing of the National Council for Geo­ tion by the Association for his book graphic Education, held in Spring­ entitled A History of Missouri: Vol­ field. His invited paper was one of ume V, 1919 to 1953, which the Uni­ eight addresses on the heritage of versity of Missouri Press published Missouri. as part of its Sesquicentennial series.

The State Historical Society of Mis­ On October 16-17, the Ozarks Gene­ souri is pleased to announce comple­ alogical Society held its 7th fall work­ tion of another slide show, available shop at the Findlay Student Center, on loan to local historical societies, Drury College, Springfield. Marsha Historical Notes and Comments 199

Hoffman Rising spoke on "Clues to Hall, St. Charles County; Kate Chop­ Successful Research," "Gone to Mis­ in House and Dorris Motor Car Com­ souri" and "Trails Out of Missouri." pany, both in St. Louis; and Central Mark Stauter, associate director at Webster Historic District, Webster Rolla of the Joint Collection, Univer­ Groves, St. Louis County. sity of Missouri Western Historical Manuscript Collection-State Histori­ cal Society of Missouri Manuscripts, During its long history, the St. discussed manuscript holdings in Mis- Louis Mercantile Library Association has developed unusually rich collec­ tions of manuscript and archival materials. Unfortunately, because of lack of adequate cataloging and in­ The Museum of Ozarks' History in ventorying, many of the library's the 1892 Bentley House, Springfield, valuable collections have not been featured the exhibit, "Mark Twain: available for researchers. The Na­ Growing Up in Missouri," from Oc­ tional Endowment for the Humani­ tober 2 through 27. A traveling ex­ ties has awarded a $71,000 grant to hibit from the Missouri State Museum, the Mercantile Library to help solve it includes graphics and photos de­ this problem. Under the grant, mem­ picting the early years of Sam Clem­ bers of the staff will locate, inven­ ens in Hannibal. tory, arrange, preserve and describe the manuscripts and archival mate­ rials collected by the library since its founding in 1846. Finding aids and The officers of the Missouri Mu­ repository guides will be published seums Associates for 1987-1988 are to aid researchers in their use of the L.T. Shelton, president; Michele New­ collections. ton, vice president; Raymond Breun, secretary; and Beej Nierengarten- Smith, treasurer. Material for the Associates Newsletter should be sent In early October, a new exhibit en­ to Raymond Breun, Jefferson National titled "Missouri's Capitol" opened in Expansion Historical Association, 11 the Missouri State Museum in the N. 4th Street, St. Louis, MO 63102. capitol, Jefferson City. The exhibit explores the development of the vari­ ous buildings that have served as Missouri's capitol, with particular Missouri sites and districts recently emphasis on the present structure. entered on the National Register of Visitors will have the opportunity to Historic Places include: McKendree discover how the first permanent Chapel, Cape Girardeau County; capitol came to be located in Jeffer­ Christ Episcopal Church, Greene son City; how Missouri cities com­ County; Coleman Hall, Fayette, How­ peted for the relocation of the capital ard County; Lewis-Webb House, In­ city after the capitol fire of 1911; and dependence, Woodson-Sawyer House, how the present magnificent build­ Independence, and Santa Fe Place ing took shape. Architectural draw­ Historic District, Kansas City, all in ings and photographs show the com­ Jackson County; Chicago and Alton plexities of the construction as well Railroad Depot, Higginsville, Lafay­ as studies for the decoration of the ette County; St. Charles Odd Fellows building. 200 Missouri Historical Review

over 600. Events and projects included the children's birthday cake, a church replica displayed in the Liberty Fall Festival Parade, a quilt wall hanging and large sampler featuring the church's history and addresses by several guest speakers. Returning former leaders and members attended the homecoming weekend, May 8-10. The weekend began with a multi­ media presentation of an original pageant, "This is Our Story." Fair- view Christian Church, Gladstone, hosted a recognition banquet. On Sun­ Liberty Christian Church day, after a special morning worship Built in 1905 at 427 East Kansas, service, the heritage church history in Liberty, as the third building for book was sold, and guests viewed a the congregation, this handsome display of church memorabilia. A structure continues in use today. A 136-year-old bell in the belfry rings dedication service occurred on June each Sunday and on other commu­ 7. The church closed a year of ses- nity occasions. quicentennial celebration on Septem­ ber 13, with the burying of the anni­ During 1987, the Liberty Christian versary time capsule. The capsule Church (Disciples of Christ), in Lib­ was placed in the west lawn of the erty, observed its 150th anniversary church near two matching granite with several celebration events. One benches. The benches represent a last­ of the area's oldest churches, it began ing memorial of the anniversary. The on April 9,1837, with 38 charter mem­ time capsule will be opened in 2037, bers and now has a membership of the church's 200th anniversary.

He Found One Solution

Springfield Advertiser, July 9, 1844. I find everything hard out here; the people are hard, times are hard, fare is hard, the roads and streets are hard, and this water is remarkably hard, said Mr. Tommy Bullard Hudson, as he softened down a glass of nature's pure beverage by filling it up with hard brandy.

Dangers of a Guilty Conscience

Brownsville Herald, September 30, 1882. We hear that a solid citizen of Waverly, having been summoned to Marshall in some gambling cases, rushed down there, went straight to the temple of justice, pleaded guilty and asked that it be kept quiet. It turned out that there was no charge against him, and he had been subpenaed [sic] only as a witness; but the little monitor that makes cowards of us all was at work, and he tumbled to its racket. Historical Notes and Comments 201 LOCAL HISTORICAL SOCIETIES Adair County Historical Society point and floral arranging. Some The Society met on September 29, 2,000 visitors attended the event, and in the Union Electric Building in over 500 persons toured Graceland. Kirksville. Bob Funk and Nellie Weber Smith presented the program Barnard Community Historical "Postal Services in Adair County, Society Past and Present." A display at the The Society reported a membership meeting featured a watercolor by Ron of more than 140. A recent project Hediger depicting the home of John included copying a two-hour movie Caine, an early settler of Adair Coun­ of the Barnard Centennial to video ty. A gift to the Society by the Red tape. Barn Art League of Kirksville, the painting will hang in the Society's Barton County Historical Society new museum. The Society met October 11, in Law Chapel, United Methodist Church, La­ Affton Historical Society mar, with 75 members and guests in The annual Fall Bazaar—Country attendance. Bob Perry presented a Kitchen was held by the Society, Oc­ talk about Oakton, its early settle­ tober 16-17, at the Oakland House, ment, businesses, churches, residents Affton. The event featured handmade and school. decorations, toys, baby gifts, Christ­ mas items, baked goods and a bou­ Belton Historical Society tique. Donald Lewis Osborn gave a pres­ entation concerning his book, Amaru- Andrew County Historical gia, at the October 18 meeting of the Society Society held in Old City Hall, Belton. The Society reported over 1,650 per­ New officers are William V. Powell, sons visited the museum in Savannah president; Fred Phillips, first vice during the 1987 season. Special dis­ president; Dodie Maurer, second vice plays from private collections in­ president; Bettie Tanquary, recording cluded cigarette lighters, glass paper secretary; Ruth Graham, correspond­ weights, elephants, mules, fine Eng­ ing secretary; and Tom Keeney, treas­ lish china, porcelain dolls, wood carv­ urer. ings, pitchers, Frankoma pottery and political campaign buttons. Volun­ Boone County Historical Society teers from the Society and the Retired On September 17, the Society par­ Senior Volunteer Program staffed the ticipated in a parade through Colum­ museum. bia, celebrating the bicentennial of the U.S. Constitution. Society mem­ Audrain County Historical bers rode in four antique automobiles. Society The Society also sponsored Heritage On August 29, the Society spon­ Days at Maplewood House, Colum­ sored the Graceland Country Fair at bia, September 19-20. Some 1,500 visi­ the museum grounds, Mexico. The tors viewed crafts, displays of carri­ fair included an attic treasure sale, ages and old automobiles and toured best dressed bear contest, a fashion the house. In addition, the Society show of old clothing, tours of Grace- held a state fiddling contest with land and competitions in many cate­ champion fiddlers, master callers, gories, such as baked goods, needle­ and square and clog dancers. 202 Missouri Historical Review

Boone/Duden Historical Society third Monday of each summer month The Society held a membership at the Camden County Museum, Linn meeting, August 31, in the Femme Creek. At the September 21 meeting, Osage Church Hall, St. Charles Ken Parsons showed slides of the County. James M. Denny, of the De­ fall colors around Ha Ha Tonka State partment of Natural Resources, gave Park. Current projects include fund a slide presentation on the proposed raising to pay for the new roof on KATY hiking and bicycle trail. the museum and distributing the sec­ Luxenhaus Farm in Warren County ond printing of The History, Past became the site of "Deutsch Country and Present, of Ha Ha Tonka State Days," October 17-18. The Society Park, compiled by the Society. sponsored this event, which included Carondelet Historical Society demonstrations of early German crafts and authentic German food. In celebration of their 20th anni­ versary year, the Society sponsored In additon, the Society recently activities each weekend in October helped block construction of an as­ at the Historic Center in St. Louis. phalt and cement plant in historic The weekend of October 3-4 featured Femme Osage Valley. walking tours, slide shows and dis­ Boonslick Historical Society plays concerning Carondelet; October The Society met October 8, in the 10-11 was Cleveland High School Chandelier Cafe, Fayette. John Shop- Weekend; October 18 saw an Ice land, superintendant of the Univer­ Cream Social fund raiser; and on sity of Missouri Horticultural Re­ October 24-25, Halloween activities search Station near New Franklin, took place. discussed plans to duplicate Harde­ Cass County Historical Society man's Garden, Missouri's first botan­ The Society met, September 20, at ical garden, in Franklin. Douglas Mil­ Pearson Hall, in the Information Cen­ ler also discussed the restoration of ter, Harrison ville. J. Weldon Jackson the Wright building in Fayette. and Jane Dodson presented a program Brown County Historical concerning the Constitution. On Oc­ Association tober 2-4, the annual Log Cabin Fes­ The Association met September 15, tival featured tours of the Society's at the Sweet Springs City Hall. Bob log cabin in Harrisonville. Arndt presented slides of old photo­ Cedar County Historical Society graphs compiled for the forthcoming The Society held the July 27 an­ history book. The Association derives nual meeting in Casey's Cafe, El Do­ its name from the once-proposed rado Springs. New officers installed Brown County, which would have were Marie Heinemann, president; included parts of present-day Saline, and John Eslinger, vice president. Lafayette, Johnson and Pettis coun­ ties. Members met for the August 21 meeting in the museum, Stockton. Cabool History Society They related highlights of their sum­ At the October 1 meeting at City mer vacations. Hall, Bob Cummings, from the Con­ Community Hall, Jerico Springs, servation Department, gave a lecture provided the site of the September 28 concerning the lumbering industry meeting. Larry Zimmerman, history in the Ozarks. It included many slides teacher at El Dorado Springs High of lumbering operations. School, spoke about the Constitution. Camden County Historical Centralia Historical Society Society The Society held its fourteenth an­ The Society meets at 1 P.M. on the nual quilt show, September 16-Octo- Historical Notes and Comments 203 ber 25, in the museum, the former program at the September 9 meeting. A.B. Chance house, Centralia. Some Paul T. Butler spoke on "The Consti­ 1,500 persons viewed the display of tution and the Civil War" at the Oc­ 115 quilts. tober 14 meeting of the Round Table. Chariton County Historical Clay County Historical Society Society The Society met at Judge Rooney Harriet Minnick presented the pro­ Justice Center, Liberty, on September gram "Letters of Judge Salisbury" 10. Clara Ratcliffe discussed the his­ for the October 18 meeting at the tory of quilting and displayed twenty museum, Salisbury. Lucius Salisbury, different quilt blocks. the founder and namesake of the town, wrote the 1840s letters to his future Clay County Museum Association bride. Association members held an ice cream social at Woodneath, an ante­ Civil War Round Table of bellum home near Liberty, Septem­ Kansas City ber 6. The Round Table held its Septem­ ber 22 meeting at the Homestead Clinton County Historical Society Country Club, Prairie Village, Kan­ The Society museum in Plattsburg sas. James Willis spoke about "The welcomed over 425 visitors, June-Au­ First Missouri Regiment in the Seat gust. On August 15-16, the Society of War." participated in Plattsburg's Chautau­ At the October 27 meeting, Dale K. qua Days Festival with a quilt show Phillips presented the program, "Fort and a booth selling antiques and Sumter and Charleston—1861-1865." crafts. New officers of the Society He is in charge of interpretation at are Karma Kay, president; Willis Chickamauga/Chattanooga National Winn, vice president; Margaret Pitch- Military Park. ford, secretary; and Louise Scearce, treasurer. Civil War Round Table of St. Louis Cole Camp Area Historical The September 23 meeting of the Society Round Table was held at Garavelli's Michael Knight of the University Restaurant, St. Louis. Richard W. of Missouri-Rolla presented a program Hatcher, National Park Service his­ about orphan trains at the October torian at Wilson's Creek National 12 meeting in Benton County R-l Battlefield, spoke about "The Life of School, Cole Camp. New officers are Nathaniel Lyon." Forest Eckhoff, president; Betty The October 28 meeting featured a Pospisil, vice president; Darlyne program by Ben E. Kitchens. He dis­ Fajen, secretary; and Delia Mae cussed the Battle of Iuka, Mississippi. Grabau, treasurer. Civil War Round Table of Concordia Area Heritage Society the Ozarks During the past few months, the The Round Table held its August Society has developed a calendar fea­ 12 meeting at the 89er Restaurant, turing old homes in the Concordia Springfield. John Beck presented the area, continued to "weatherize" a program "Aboard the U.S.S. Moni­ statue in Central Park, cleared and tor—1862 & 1987." recorded burials at Zoar Cemetery "West Pointers at Wilson's Creek" and sponsored a tour of the former was the subject of John Hulston's Lloyd Beissenherz home. 204 Missouri Historical Review

The Society meets the third Sunday Fountain Festival took place in Fergu­ of each month in the public library son. The Society opened the museum, or the Lohoefener House, Concordia. served refreshments and sold some Officers are Louise Wobus, president; of their publications. Laurie Kesemann, vice president; and Nyla Shepard, secretary-treasurer. Florissant Valley Historical Society Crawford County Historical The Society sponsored a fall tour Society to the Kimmswick Apple Butter Fes­ The Society published a Crawford tival on October 25. Participants County History Book and worked this visited the Wenom-Drake House, the past year on indexing all the ceme­ Burgess-How House and the Barb- teries and compiling old photos of agello House. Craftspersons demons­ one-room schools in Crawford County. trated rug, paper and pine needle basket making, apple butter cooking Creve Coeur-Chesterfield and weaving. Craft and antique Historical Society shops opened for visitors. The Society held a dinner meeting, October 2, at restored Lake School in Fort Osage Historical Society Lake Park. The Society held its September 27 meeting in the Visitors Center at Fort Dallas County Historical Society Osage, near Sibley. Several speakers The Society participated in Prairie participated in the program: Charles Days in Buffalo, August 22-23. The Hoffhaus spoke about early French unfinished Dallas County Museum influences in Kansas City; Bob Arm­ opened to show the types of items in strong detailed the artifact collection the collection. at the Fort; and Grady Manus, site DeKalb County Historical Society interpreter, discussed the living his­ The September 20 meeting, at the tory interpretative program and con­ Society Building, Maysville, featured ducted a tour of the site. the program "REA-REC, Past, Pres­ Franklin County Historical ent & Future" presented by Maurice Society McCrea and Dick Foster, directors of The Society met for the October 11 area power cooperatives. meeting in St. Johns Mantel's Church Dent County Historical Society of Christ, Union. Member Elton Gran- On September 11, the Society met nemann presented a program about at the Dent County Community Cen­ "Cote San Dessein," a French settle­ ter, Salem. Ken Fiebelman and Janet ment between Tebetts and Mokane, Bowles reported on progress with the Missouri. After the meeting, members cemetery book and a cemetery pres­ and friends toured the church parson­ ervation bill. age which will be the Society's new A tour of the Trail of Tears occurred museum. Officers are LeRoy Danz, on October 24. The following day, president; Judith Hunt, vice presi­ the Society sponsored the dedication dent; Jane Lause, secretary; and of the Trail of Tears Historical Helen Vogt, treasurer. Marker on Highway 19 North. Friedenberg Lutheran Historical Ferguson Historical Society Society The fall exhibit at the Society's The reunion service of the former museum centered on "school days." Peace Lutheran Church, Friedenberg On October 31, the annual Three- was held September 13. Rev. Jerry Historical Notes and Comments 205

Snell's sermon featured the theme, near Blue Springs. It featured old "Some Things are Forever." music, crafts and food, plus contests for all groups. Friends of Arrow Rock The Friends reported that a new Glasgow Area Historical and roof has been installed on the Sites Preservation Society Gun Shop and that the Sites House A fall homes tour on September 6, and the LO.O.F. Hall had been featured four homes and several his­ painted. They also have purchased toric buildings. The event also in­ their ninth property, the site of the cluded presentations on the Battle of old Black Sheep Inn at the entrance Glasgow and the life of Cornelia Kuem- to Arrow Rock. mel, local artist. Several of her paint­ ings were on display at the EUB Friends of Historic Boonville Chapel, Glasgow. At the October 28 The Friends cosponsored the ap­ meeting, held at Old City Hall, Glas­ pearance of Fred Krebs as Benjamin gow, Bruce Bartlett spoke about his Franklin at Thespian Hall, October research regarding the Civil War. 15. Restoration and maintenance Golden Eagle River Museum work continues on several Friends Several members participated in a properties: the Hain House and Me­ cruise on the Spirit of St. Charles, up morial Garden, Thespian Hall and the Missouri River, September 13. The the Old Cooper County Jail. museum loaned the pilot wheel of Friends of the James Farm the steamboat Willow for display at The play, The Life and Times of Mid Rivers Mall, St. Peters, beginning Jesse James, was produced each week­ October 13. end, July through September, at the Grand River Historical Society farm in Clay County. The Friends The Society held its October 13 held their annual meeting in Kansas meeting in the Coburn Building, Chil­ City in conjunction with the Annual licothe. George Seiberling presented Rendezvous of the National Organi­ a video of the events during the ses- zation for the Study of Outlaw and quicentennial celebration for Chilli­ Lawmen History, July 22-26. James cothe and Livingston County in Ross, great-grandson of Jesse James, August. presented the keynote address about Grandview Historical Society his grandfather, Jesse Edwards The Society's Depot Museum, the James. New officers of the Friends old Kansas City Southern Depot, fea­ are Phillip Schreffler, president; Jack tured an exhibit of quilts through Wymore, vice president; and Pam Ban­ October. A display of antique toys ner, secretary-treasurer. followed the quilts exhibit. Special Friends of Missouri Town-1855 museum visits may be arranged by During the past few months, sev­ calling (816) 761-3121 or 761-6271. eral Friends have been dismantling Greene County Historical Society and moving a slave cabin in Lone The Society met September 24, at Jack to Missouri Town. Also, the Mo- Battlefield Heritage Cafeteria, Spring­ Town Dancers and Musicians have field. B.B. Lightfoot discussed "Work­ made many appearances around the ing Out the Federal Constitution: The Kansas City area since June. Great Compromise." The October 22 On October 3-4, the Missouri Town meeting featured Willard Hughes festival was held at Missouri Town- Rollings speaking on "Osage Hege­ 1855, in Fleming Park, Lake Jacomo, mony." 206 Missouri Historical Review

Grundy County Historical Society During September and October, a and Museum display at the museum featured local Many activities have occurred at pottery. It included industrial molded the museum this summer and fall: items, unique hand-formed pieces and June 27-July 4, Mrs. Eric Alexander, blue and white stoneware pitchers. Oregon state, displayed several of her The first of a series of five Christ­ watercolor paintings; August 1-2, mas ornaments went on sale in Octo­ Joel Chrisman, Laredo, showed his ber. Local artist Martha Aldridge de­ pen and ink drawings; August 8, signed this year's ornament of the slides of Poosey, south of Hickory, Henry County Courthouse. were presented; August 22-23, for In­ dian weekend, the Mic-O-Say Indian Heritage League of Greater dancers performed and Joy Jackson Kansas City discussed "My Indian Heritage"; The League held a social, Septem­ September 5-6, video tapes of Trenton ber 18, at the Shawnee Methodist in 1939 and movies of the 1957 Centen­ Mission, Fairway, Kansas. Partici­ nial activities were shown; and Octo­ pants also toured the facilities. ber 16-18, Missouri Day Festival fea­ tured slides of prominent Missourians. Historical Association of Greater Cape Girardeau Harrison County Historical The Society met September 21, at Society the Cape Girardeau Public Library. The October 27 meeting, held at A panel representing the Southeast the Bethany Trust Community Room, Missouri Antique Dealers Association featured Howard Smith and a presen­ appraised antiques and collector's tation on "Visitations." Members items brought by participants. Offi­ participated in the community fall cers for 1987-1988 are Jesse R. Ram­ parade, October 3, in Bethany. For sey, president; Mary Ann Robertson, the theme, "We the People," several vice president; Becky Richey, record­ members wore antique clothing and ing secretary; Ken Ostendorf, corre­ rode on a float. sponding secretary; and A. Roy Lud- wig, treasurer. Paul A. Griffith serves Phoebe Apperson Hearst as executive director. Historical Society The museum at Hearst Friendship Historical Association of Park, near St. Clair, was dedicated Greater St. Louis on August 2. Al Nilges, state repre­ The October 11 meeting was held sentative for District 109, spoke and at the Carondelet Historical Society. Elizabeth Bruns discussed the life of A panel consisting of Sally Van Phoebe Apperson Hearst. Ausdal, Martin Towey and Buella Brooks discussed Susan Blow, Philip­ Henry County Historical Society pine Duchesne and Alice Weakley At the August 20 meeting at the Smith, in keeping with the theme for museum, Clinton, Margaret Foley dis­ 1987-1988, "Great Women of St. cussed the Trail of Tears. The Septem­ Louis." ber 17 meeting featured historical items brought by members. Claude Historical Society of Norcross, Drexel, outlined Kansas- Polk County Missouri border warfare before and The September 24 meeting at the during the Civil War for the program North Ward Museum, Bolivar, fea­ on October 15. tured a program by Twila Smith of Historical Notes and Comments 207

Southwest Baptist University. She 9-11, at Joplin Memorial Hall. A pre­ narrated a slide show about her trip view party featured refreshments, rag­ to Korea. time music and an auction. The Soci­ ety announced plans for a $200,000 Iron County Historical Society expansion to the Dorothea B. Hoover Members met for the October 19 Museum. meeting at the First Baptist Church, Ironton. The program centered on the Kansas City Westerners Red, White and Blue schools, located The August 11 meeting at Home­ along Marble Creek in Iron County. stead Country Club, Prairie Village, Three former teachers, Camille Fish­ Kansas, featured a program by Rod­ er, Emma Blanton and Mabel Domi- ney Staub. Using slides to illustrate nick related some of their experiences his talk, he related the military activ­ while teaching at the various schools. ities of the Kansas Delaware Indians A display featured books, registers, from the 1830s through the Civil War. report cards and other items from Jim Davis presented a slide lecture the schools. about the Battle at Mine Creek, Kan­ Jasper County Historical Society sas, on October 25, 1864, during the The Society held the September 27 September 8 meeting at the Golden meeting at the Knell Mortuary in Ox, Kansas City. The October 13 Carthage. Gina Gurley, Janelle meeting at the Homestead Country Turner and Barb Agan shared the Club, Prairie Village, Kansas, fea­ media presentation which won first- tured Milt Perry, director of the place in the State History Day com­ James Home, Kearney. He discussed petition and fifth at the National "The Many Faces of Jesse James." History Day. Their topic, "Public Kimmswick Historical Society Right Versus Private Dispair," dealt At the August 3 meeting in Kimms­ with the eviction of 210 families along wick Hall, members viewed and dis­ the Buffalo River in Arkansas for cussed recent acquisitions to the mu­ creation of a national park along the seum. On October 5, Mr. and Mrs. river. Amber Campbell and Glorinda George Wade gave a presentation on Frossard presented "Miss Emma, the Volksmarch, an international hik­ Forerunner of Women's Rights," ing club. The annual Apple Butter which won first-place at the State Festival, on October 24-25, featured History Day competition and received music, food, craft vendors and dem­ high marks in national competition. onstrations of apple butter making. Emma Knell, one of the first women embalmers in Missouri, served in the Kingdom of Callaway Historical state legislature. Bob Knell gave a Society tribute to eight U.S. presidents who The August 17 meeting at the Ful­ died in office. ton Community Center featured James Denny of the Department of Natural Johnson County Historical Society Resources. He presented a program Members held their September 27 about the historically significant meeting at the Old Courthouse in architecture of the homes and bridges Warrensburg. Bill and Sandra Wayne along the proposed KATY-Missouri presented the program. River Trail. Joplin Historical Society At the September 21 meeting, Roger As a fund raiser, the Society held Baker, member of the Civil War an antique and quilt show, October Round Table, discussed the Civil 208 Missouri Historical Review

War Battle of Moore's Mill. He also Mid-Missouri Civil War displayed some Civil War items from Round Table his collection. Members enjoyed story­ The September 15 meeting was held teller Lewis Baumgartner at the Octo­ at the home of R.L. Hawkins III in ber 19 meeting. Jefferson City. Members watched a video tape of the 125th anniversary Kirkwood Historical Society reenactment of the Battle of Shiloh. The Society held a wine and cheese Officers elected were Steve Yoakum, party, September 11, at History president; George Lyons, vice presi­ House. During the event, the board dent; Bob Hawkins, secretary/treas­ dedicated two rooms in the house. urer; and Phil Gottschalk, newsletter Mary MacMillan and Herb Meier editor. Member Chris Edwards gave were honored respectively in the up­ the program at the October 27 meet­ stairs sitting room and the museum ing in the Columbia Daily Tribune room. Building. It featured an illustrated discussion on the Lawrence, Kansas, Laclede County Historical Society massacre. The July 27 meeting at Tiny's Smokehouse, Lebanon, focused on the Missouri Historical Society Civil War. Agnes Southard related The Society's museum in Jefferson tales of local battles and personali­ Memorial Building, Forest Park, St. ties. On August 24, members held Louis, featured the following exhibits the annual ice cream supper on the in October: the renovated Costumes lawn of the Old Jail Museum, Lebanon. Gallery with historic gowns from the This fund-raising activity also in­ Society's collection; Dolls for all Ages, cluded a tour of the museum. 1860 to 1987; an Antique Toy Train exhibition; a new permanent display Lawrence County Historical of Charles A. Lindbergh memorabilia, Society photographs and an audio-visual The Society held its September 20 show emphasizing Lindbergh's con­ meeting at the Jones Memorial nection to St. Louis in the Lindbergh Chapel, Mt. Vernon. After a busi­ Gallery; the Roscoe Misselhorn retro­ ness meeting, Virginia Schmidt gave spective in the Shoenberg Portrait the program, "Cemetery Surveys." Gallery; and "Parades, Politicians Doug Seneker, head of the Adamson and Progress," photographs from the Cabin restoration committee, reported 1930s and 1940s by Pierce W. Hangge, on the project. A display featured a Globe-Democrat photographer. artifacts from the cabin. October's special events at the Soci­ Macon County Historical Society ety included: October 15, museum Floral Hall, Macon, provided the shop Christmas preview and lunch­ site for the October 13 meeting of the eon; October 22, "Tender Loving Society. State Senator David Doc- Care: Conserving Your Family Heir­ torian spoke about the U.S. Consti­ looms," an all-day program and work­ tution. Members discussed sesquicen- shop; October 25, "World War II on tennial projects and the need for the Homefront," a discussion and restoration of several historic build­ autograph session with Betty Burnett ings. New officers elected were Jack on her book, St. Louis at War; and Lee, president; James Foley, vice pres­ October 31, a Halloween party with ident; Donna Ayers, secretary; and historical figures, games and refresh­ Neva Maddy, treasurer. ments. Historical Notes and Comments 209

Moniteau County Historical Normandy Area Historical Society Association The Society held its September 21 In cooperation with the city of Bel- meeting at the First Christian Church, Nor, the Association held a house California. Gary Kremer and John tour on September 20. van Sycle, from the Mid-Mo Council on Government, spoke about the pres­ O'Fallon Historical Society ervation of historic sites in Missouri Society members met for a dinner and Moniteau County. meeting, September 14, at the Log House, O'Fallon. A display featured Montgomery County Historical newly acquired items for the museum. Society On September 26, the Society partici­ On September 26, the Society cele­ pated in O'Fallon's Founders Day brated the completion of its $27,000 with a float in the parade. renovation project with an open house at the Society building, 112 Old Mines Area Historical West Second Street, Montgomery City. Society Over 300 persons attended the event. Fete de L'Automne, held October 4, in Fertile, featured demonstrations, Morgan County Historical food, music, games and displays re­ Society lated to the early French, Indian and On September 28, the Society had American influences in the area. The a basket dinner at the American Society held the annual business Legion building, Versailles. The Soc­ meeting, October 18, in the Archive iety conducted a dinner and business Building, Fertile. Members heard re­ meeting at the Pioneer Restaurant, ports of past activities and made Versailles, October 19. Calvin Draeg- plans for the future. Officers of the ert announced that proceeds from an Society are Alice Widmer, president; old homes tour in Versailles on Octo­ Ronald Boyer, vice president; Janie ber 11, totaled $925. The funds will Skiles, secretary; LaDonna Hermann, treasurer; Peggy Alexander, assistant be used for repair and restoration of secretary; and JoAnn Sullivan, corre­ the Society's museum. sponding secretary. John G. Neihardt Corral Old Stagecoach Stop Foundation of the Westerners The October 29 annual meeting of The September 10 meeting, held at the Foundation was held at Witmor the Days Inn, Columbia, featured mem­ Farms Restaurant, Buckhorn. Kim ber Chris Edwards singing Civil War Combs, curator of the Fort Leonard camp songs. Slim Funk presented Wood Museum, spoke to the group. A "Similarities and Differences Between display featured an old quilt in the the American West and the Austra­ friendship pattern including many lian Outback," at the October 8 meet­ area names. ing. Old Trails Historical Society Newton County Historical On October 10, members took part Society in a trip to visit Grace Bacon Ferrier, The Society met September 14, at author of Teacher, Teacher, I Done City Hall, Seneca. Virginia Hoare dis­ It! .... They toured her farm in cussed old buildings in Seneca and Bland and viewed historic buildings conducted a walking tour. in Bland and Linn. 210 Missouri Historical Review

Oregon-California Trails sented "Flood Pictures—Caruthers­ Association, Trails Head Chapter ville and Pemiscot County" for the On September 4, in conjunction October 23 program. with the city of Independence and the National Park Service, the As­ Pike County Historical Society sociation placed two Oregon Trail The Society held its quarterly meet­ National Historic Trail markers along ing, October 13 at Mary, Queen of the route, one on the Courthouse Peace Catholic Church, Clarksville. Square, Independence, and one at Otto Wills, Louisiana, spoke about Cave Spring, Raytown, a camping "Our Neighbors, The Amish." spot on the trail. Officers for 1988 are Tom Lewis, The chapter participated in the president; Wayne Gamm, first vice Fall Festival at Shawnee Indian Mis­ president; Karen Schwadron, second sion, Fairway, Kansas, October 10- vice president; Ina Mae King, secre­ 11. Also on October 10, members at­ tary; and Willene Gamm, treasurer. tended the dedication of a memorial stat«e in Pioneer Park, Kansas City. Platte County Historical Society The fall meeting, October 25, at Palmyra Heritage Seekers On July 20, the Seekers held their the Vo-Tech School, Platte City, fea­ annual picnic at Flower City Park. tured outstanding Platte Countian Several items of business were dis­ awards. Bill Cox served as host. cussed, and Adaline King, museum curator, reported several new acquisi­ Pleasant Hill Historical Society tions. At the August 17 meeting, at Over 170 visitors attended the quilt the Gardner House, member Grace show, September 12-13, at the museum, Evans narrated a slide program Pleasant Hill. The exhibit included about her 1986 visit to the Soviet over 50 quilts from the 1850s through Union. Vicki Coons presented a pro­ 1987. gram about corn husk art to the Sep­ The October 25 meeting at the mu­ tember 21 meeting at the Gardner seum included a program by Susan House. The group also reported addi­ Wickern, of the Union Cemetery His­ tional acquisitions for the museum torical Society, Kansas City. She and some 800 guests had registered gave a slide show of historic and at the museum tourism center. unusual tombstones and shared his­ Pemiscot County Historical tory of the Union Cemetery. Society Pony Express Historical On July 24, the Society held a Association "Past Fourth of July Celebrations in A farewell reception was held for Pemiscot County" event at Colonial Federal Savings and Loan Building, George Warfel at the Patee House Caruthersville. Members recalled pic­ Museum, St. Joseph, on October 4. It nics, barbeques, political speeches marked the end of his "Westerners and square dancing. Members dis­ on Wood" exhibition which had been cussed "Early Childhood School Mem­ on display and viewed by over 55,000 ories," at the August 28 meeting. The persons who visited Patee House. meeting on September 25 featured During October and November, a Jessie Markey's program about the display at the museum featured "History of First Baptist Church of carousel and merry-go-round memora­ Caruthersville." Rachel Dawson pre­ bilia, music and scale models. Historical Notes and Comments 211

Pulaski County Historical Paul and Mildred Pippitt gave the Society and Museum program at the quarterly meeting, The Society meets on the first October 21, at the museum. It featured Thursday of each month at 7:00 P.M., a slide show on the Santa Fe Trail. in the museum building, Waynesville. The museum's October exhibit, by In recent years, members have re­ Truman Howell, included antique searched and compiled material for bricks. several books, History of Pulaski County, Missouri, vols. I & II, and St. Francois County Historical Tombstone Inscriptions, vols. I & II. Society The Society mailing address is Box Members met, August 26, in the 10, Waynesville, MO 65583. Civic Room of the Ozarks Federal Current officers are Lorraine Rigs- Savings and Loan Building in Farm- by, president; Sharlotte Smith, vice ington. Jon Cozean presented a slide president; Martha Hoffman, secretary; program on springs houses in the and Lucylle Rice, treasurer. area, and Gertrude Zimmer gave the commentary. At the September 23 Randolph County Historical meeting, Dorothy Mount discussed Society the 200th anniversary of the signing On October 12, members held a of the U.S. Constitution. general meeting at the Historical Cen­ ter in Moberly. The program included St. Louis Westerners a slide show on the Statue of Liberty The September 18 meeting at the Quilt Contest and a quilt display. Salad Bowl cafeteria, St. Louis, fea­ tured Roger Taylor as the speaker. Ray County Historical Society His program, illustrated with slides, Some 50 persons attended the Octo­ focused on "Great Men Who Served ber 15 meeting at the Ray County at Jefferson Barracks." Glen Holt pre­ Museum in Richmond. Harold and sented the program at the October 16 Diana Windsor presented the program. meeting. He spoke on "The Cultures She shared her knowledge about dolls of St. Louis: Some Needed Studies and displayed several from her collec­ Before a New General History." tion. He discussed Model A and T Fords and his hobby and business of Scotland County Historical restoring these vintage cars. Society Some 50 persons attended the Au­ Raytown Historical Society gust 24 meeting at the Downing The Society participated in the an­ House Museum, Memphis. Glen Co- nual Raytown Round-Up Days, Sep­ well showed photographs taken in tember 24-26. The Society's Country China, Korea and Japan and related Store in Kiwanis Hall stocked with his observations of life styles, agri­ hand-crafted, unusual items and culture and industries in those coun­ baked goods cleared approximately tries. $4,000. On September 25-27, a show On September 17-19, the Society at the museum featured an assort­ joined with Antique Fair members in ment of 75 quilts. A drawing deter­ celebrating the 200th anniversary of mined the winner of the "Crossroads" the Constitution. Members arranged quilt, designed by a member and a prize-winning window display and quilted as a Society project. The entered a float in the antique parade. group also had an entry in the On September 19, they served the parade. annual Southern luncheon on the 212 Missouri Historical Review lawn of the Downing House Museum. raising project the group will raffle a It drew a record crowd and over 200 log cabin quilt. persons toured the Boyer house and the museum. Sullivan County Historical Society Shrewsbury Historical Society The Society reported Mr. and Mrs. The Society held the October 19 Hugh Baldridge donated two oak meeting in Shrewsbury City Hall. cabinets from the W.O. Thompson First, second and third-place winners Drugstore for placement in the gene­ of the logo contest received prizes. alogy room of the museum, Milan. Smoky Hill Railway and Texas County Genealogical & Historical Society Historical Society Members participated in work ses­ On October 11, the Society hosted sions on various Society projects, a meeting of area residents and a August 14 and September 11, at Rich- publishing company representative in ards-Gebaur Air Force Base. Sixty- the Health Care Building in Houston. nine members also attended the an­ The meeting focused on publishing a nual meeting, September 19, at county history. Kernoodle's Lake and Recreation Park, Kansas City. The Society pre­ Tri-County Historical Society sented certificates of recognition and and Museum awards to several members and re­ The Society sponsored the annual viewed plans for the coming year. Living History Day, September 19, Officers elected for 1987-1988 were on the grounds of the Tri-County Mu­ David Lindquist, president; Tom seum, King City. The event featured Carr, vice president of administra­ old-time threshing, outdoor cooking, tion; Ray Schauffler, vice president craft booths, music, displays and of operations; Alan Kamp, secretary; buggy rides. Proceeds will be used and Tom Johnson, treasurer. The Oc­ for upkeep and preservation of the tober 9 meeting at Capitol Federal museum. Savings and Loan, 75th and State Union Cemetery Historical Line, Kansas City, featured the show­ Society ing of two Southern Pacific films. The August 29 meeting at Loose Sons & Daughters of the Blue & Park Garden Center, Kansas City, Gray Civil War Round Table featured a speaker from the Cave The Round Table held its Septem­ Spring Center on the topic of trails ber 20 meeting at American Bank in west. A slide presentation about the Maryville. James Curram spoke on old Indian School at Shawnee Mis­ "Coastal Fortification in the South." sion highlighted the September 26 At the October 18 meeting, Larry meeting. Pauline Dunn served as Guthrie presented a program entitled, guest speaker and showed slides of "Shiloh Revisited." Missouri Town-1855 at the October 31 meeting. Stone County Historical Society The Society met, September 20, at Vernon County Historical Society the Hillbilly Bowl restaurant, Kim- The Society held a field trip, Sep­ berling City. Members discussed the tember 27, to historical places in Linn proposed book on the history of Stone County, Kansas. Participants visited County and the completion of articles the Linn County Museum in Pleasan- and family histories for it. As a fund- ton, the Trading Post Museum in Historical Notes and Comments 213

Trading Post and the Marais des song and dance. Wellington observed Cygnes Massacre State Park near its 150th anniversary on October 11, Trading Post. Ola May Earnest of and officers of the Society planned the Linn County Historical Society the festivities. Activities included a acted as a guide at the Linn County flag-raising ceremony, a drill demon­ Museum and described some of the stration by the Wentworth Military history of the county. Academy Honor Guard, a beard con­ test, historical and entertaining booths Warren County Historical Society by area organizations and a vintage During Warren County's Sesquicen- fashion show of wedding dresses. The tennial celebration, the Society held post office offered a special cancella­ open house and served refreshments tion depicting a covered bridge and in the museum, Warrenton, on Septem­ signifying the sesquicentennial. Music ber 17. The Society prepared a map added to the festive spirit. The crowd of historical places in the county and sang "Happy Birthday" as city offi­ exhibited it at the Warren County cials blew out 150 candles on the Fairgrounds, the site of the celebra­ birthday cake. Donna Woods sang tion's main events. "Wellington," a song she composed. Marlene Strodtman, president of the Washington Historical Society Society, led the sesquicentennial On September 8, members met for choir in patriotic songs. Mary Borg- a covered-dish picnic and meeting at man read the history of Wellington. the Riverfront Park in Washington. The Society sponsored the fourth an­ Wentzville Community Historical nual book sale, September 11 and 12, Society in front of the museum. During Wash­ The Society held its September 21 ington's German Days celebration, quarterly dinner meeting at the Cross­ the group hosted a house tour to the roads Cafe in Wentzville. Dorothy Schwegmann House, Larson House, Miller served as the featured speaker Calvin Theatre and Washington on the topic, "Wives of the Presi­ House Inn. dents." The Society, in conjunction Wayne County Historical Society with the city, plans to purchase and The Sociey met on August 18, at preserve an old, brick tobacco fac­ the courthouse in Greenville. Virgil tory. Clubb, retired superintendent of Westport Historical Society Greenville schools, presented a pro­ Members met on August 23, for the gram on establishing old churches fifth annual picnic at William Klein and bylaws of yesteryears. Memorial Park, Kansas City. On Octo­ Glenda Stockton gave a report on ber 31, the Society and the Civil War Spanish grants and old fur traders Round Table of Kansas City cospon- and their way westward at the Oc­ sored a Civil War historical tour. Par­ tober 20 meeting. President Roy C. ticipants met at the Harris-Kearney Payton related the accomplishments House, Kansas City, for refreshments of the old Greenville project under­ prior to the bus departure. The first taken with the Corps of Engineers. stop was the Lone Jack Battlefield Wellington-Napoleon Historical and Museum. Gregg Higginbotham, Society administrator, served as guide and On July 5, residents of Napoleon narrator. Visitors viewed displays in celebrated the centennial of the town's the museum and the mass grave sites incorporation with skits, displays and in the cemetery. The group then trav- 214 Missouri Historical Review eled to the Confederate Memorial for the tour of the Confederate Ceme­ Park near Higginsville. The site of tery. the Confederate Soldier's Home of White River Valley Historical Missouri from 1891 until 1950, four Society original buildings remain. Mike The Society held the September 13 Comer, park administrator, gave a meeting in the Friendship House of slide presentation in the chapel. Rus­ The School of the Ozarks, Point Look­ sell Santmyer, a retired photographer, out. Bob Dunn, chief archaeologist displayed photos of the home in past for the Corps of Engineers, Little years. The "Lion of Lucerne" Monu­ Rock District, discussed archaeologi­ ment provided the center attraction cal studies in the Ozarks region.

What Makes a Bushel?

Weston Border Times, January 13, 1865. The following table of the number of pounds of various articles to a bushel, may be of interest to our readers: Wheat, sixty pounds. Onions, fifty-seven pounds. Corn, shelled, fifty-six pounds. Beans, sixty pounds. Corn, on the cob, seventy pounds. Bran, twenty pounds. Rye, fifty-six pounds. Clover seed, sixty pounds. Oats, thirty-six pounds. Timothy seed, forty-five pounds. Barley, forty-six pounds. Hemp seed, forty-five pounds. Buckwheat, fifty-six pounds. Blue grass seed, fourteen pounds. Irish potatoes, sixty pounds. Dried peaches, thirty-seven pounds Sweet potatoes, fifty pounds.

Forecasts for Farmers

LaBelle Star, August 16, 1901. Washington, August 14—Farmers who live along the lines of rural free delivery mail routes are to have the advantage of the United States weather bureau's forecasts of the weather. All they have to do will be to watch the mail cart as it goes by. Arrangements are being made by the postoffice department and the weather bureau to have the mail carts equipped with sets of signals which will be displayed on the sides of the carts. They will be as conspicuous as possible, so that they can be read at a considerable distance from the highways. Mail carcariers [sic] will receive their weather predictions for the day before they start on their routes in the morning, and will put up the proper signals on both sides of the cart. Historical Notes and Comments 215

GIFTS Richard Abrams, Washington, donor: "Wildey Odd Fellows Cemetery, Pacific Lodge 86, Washington, Mo.," compiled by donor. R* Fred Arthaud, Trenton, donor: The Emile & Susanna (Ebersol) Arthaud Family, 1765-1987, by John Bradley Arthaud. R Elizabeth Bailey, Columbia, donor: Material on Lambert's Cafe, Sikeston, and the Louisiana Purchase. R Aaron Tyler Bliss, Lake Oswego, Oregon, donor: Genealogy of the Bliss Family in America, 3 vols., compiled by donor. R Laurel Boeckman, Columbia, donor: Chester Himes, by James Lundquist. R Bollinger County Historical Society, Marble Hill, donor: Folksongs: Olden But Golden, published by donor. R Boyce Publications, Clovis, California, donor, through Betty Mc- Pherson: The Small Patriot, by Betty McPherson. RFC Ruth Brent, Columbia, donor: Ruth Brent Collection. M Marilyn B. Buchholz, St. Louis, donor: "Kerr-Laderach: Stella Martha Kerr, Her Brothers and Sisters, and Their Ancestors," compiled by donor. R Lee F. Case, Springfield, donor: The Descendants and Ancestors of Allen Leander Case and Minnie Frances Hutsell of Pulaski County, Missouri, compiled by donor and Joan Case. R Centralia Historical Society, Centralia, donor, through Annabel Howard: Eight postcards of Centralia scenes, circa 1915. E Edward Clifton Collings, Columbia, donor: Over 80 photographs, chiefly mounted views of Columbia and portraits, taken by donor. A Mrs. James Cope, Rocheport, donor: Two books by Missouri authors. R

These letters indicate the location of the materials at the Society. R refers to the Reference Library; E, Editorial Office; M, Manuscripts; RFC, Reference Fitzgerald Collection; N, Newspaper Library; B, Bay Room; and A, Art Room. 216 Missouri Historical Review

James C. Cope, Rocheport, donor: Books and periodicals by Missouri authors and relating to medicine, conservation and Missouri history. R Irene Killian Cortinovis, St Louis, donor: Our Immigrant Ancestors, compiled by donor. R Mr. and Mrs. Robert Couch, Marceline, donors: 1830, 1840 and 1870 Federal Census for Chariton County and "Mc­ Laughlin Funeral Home Records," compiled by May Bartee Couch; "Cemeteries of Marceline Township" and "Cemeteries in Locust Creek & Clay Townships," both in Linn County and compiled by donors. R Mary K. Dains, Columbia, donor: Publications relating to various women's organizations and First Chris­ tian Church, Columbia. R & M Reta L. Douglass Daugherty, Phillipsburg, Kansas, donor: Photocopy of journal of Samuel W. Ailey, Polk County. R Daughters of the American Revolution, Major Pierson B. Reading Chapter, Redding, California, donor, through Martha Thompson: Descendants From Reverend Benjamin Doggett of Virginia, compiled by Blanche Doggett Heflin. R DeSoto Public Library, DeSoto, donor: "Welcome to the 10 Year Anniversary Party of Pony Bird, July 1977- July 26, 1987." R Paul N. Doll, Jefferson City, donor: Ernest Doll law student notebook, 1897. M Annette Epperson, Sumner, donor: 1882-1981, Sumner, Missouri. R Homer L. Ferguson, Jefferson City, donor: Publications of Memorial Community Hospital, the Salvation Army and Masonic organizations in Jefferson City. R Skip Gatermann, St Louis, donor: Publications relating to St. Louis high schools and A Portrait of Lafay­ ette Square. R Ann Goth, Elk River, Minnesota, donor: Photograph of employees of Delta Securities Co., Kansas City, 1925. E Mr. and Mrs. J. Hurley Hagood, Hannibal, donors: Publications relating to Hannibal and the University of Missouri. R William K. Hall, St Louis, donor: Register of Interments, Hazelwood Cemetery, Springfield, Greene County, Missouri, 1868-1916, copied by donor. R Jean Tyree Hamilton, Marshall, donor: Churches of Saline County, by Granville Ferguson. R Historical Notes and Comments 217

Earl J. Hess, Lubbock, Texas, donor: Earl J. Hess Civil War Collection. M

Hieronymus Family in America, donor, through R. Dean Heironimus, Falls Church, Virginia: The Hieronymus Story, 1985. R Janette Hoagland, Columbia, donor: Over 150 oversize photographs of people and miscellaneous views, over 500 color prints and negatives of Boone County churches and Missouri towns, taken by Dan B. Hoagland. A

Barbara L. Hosford, Omaha, Nebraska, for Estate of Virginia W. Cornell, donor: George Worst (1837-1905) Papers. M

Barbara Wilcoxson Icenogle, Camdenton, donor: Hiram Wilcoxson Ledgers. M Charles Jones, Fulton, donor: Photograph of J.K. Ross, Garber, Mo. E Patricia M. Kelso, Yardley, Pennsylvania, donor: The American Descendants of James Kelso, Emigrant. . ., by Margaret Faller Kelso. R

Frances Cook Kemendo, Tulsa, Oklahoma, donor: Photos of St. Theresa's Church of the Little Flower, Kansas City. E Mary Ellen Kimble, Maryville, donor: "Towns & Trading Posts of Worth County, Missouri," Vol. I, compiled by donor. R Betty Kite, Columbia, donor: Vital Statistics From the 'Howard County Advertiser," Jan. 1877 to Jan. 1882, compiled by donor. R Liberty Christian Church, Liberty, donor, through Dorothy C. Lee: Information and photographs relating to the 150th anniversary of the church. R & E McAdams Historical Society, donor, through Joe McAdams, Sher­ man Oaks, California: Sons of Adam: The History of the McAdams Families. R Missouri Cultural Heritage Center, Columbia, donor, through Amy E. Skillman: Teams, Trucks, Tri-Motors & Trains: The Transportation Paintings of Ollie C. Ziegler. R Missouri Library Association, donor, through Debbie Anderson, Waynesville: Source information used to compile Key to Missouri Authors 1987. R 218 Missouri Historical Review

Missouri Society of Professional Engineers, Jefferson City, donor, through Paul E. Jobe: "Missouri Society of Professional Engineers, 1937-1987: MSPE 50th Anniversary." R Leona S. Morris, Columbia, donor: Books and other printed material on Columbia and Missouri businesses, churches, organizations and schools, personalities, R; postcards and photographs of historic sites and public buildings in Audrain, Cole, Schuyler and Scotland counties. E Eric Newman, St Louis, donor: Indexes to Missouri views in Harper's Weekly, Leslie's Weekly, and other illustrated periodicals. E Shirley Fulkerson O'Toole, Topeka, Kansas, donor: Copy of Minutes Book, 1832-1888, Goshen Primitive Baptist Church, Wilton. R Jason Ovanic, Rolla, donor: Miscellaneous railroad and highway plats, maps and blueprints for Lafayette County. R Maradyn Webster Oyler, Trenton, donor: Grundy Gleanings, Volume 1 to date. R Walter L. Pfeffer II, Columbia, donor: Publications of Columbia Country Club and Alumni Association, Uni­ versity of Missouri-Columbia. R R.L. Polk & Company, Kansas City, donor: City directories for Clinton, Lebanon and St. Joseph, 1986. R Arlin N. Renfrow, Liberty, donor: The Renfrows and Kenneys of Moniteau County, Missouri, compiled by donor. R Mr. and Mrs. Harry Rice, Jameson, donors: Color postcards of Maryville, St. Joseph and Sedalia. E Robert R. Ringo, Fort Mitchell, Kentucky, donor: The Ringos in Europe, by David Leer Ringo. R Charles William Ruth, Sr., donor, through Penny Faut, Bakersfield, California: The Ruth Family, by donor. R St. Louis Genealogical Society, donor, through Herman Rolloff, St Louis: Publications of the Society on research aids, cemeteries, surname index and index to articles in the Quarterly, 1968-1986. R J.W. Schiermeier, New Melle, donor: Cracker Barrel Country, Vol. Ill, written and compiled by donor. R Historical Notes and Comments 219

Schuyler County Historical Society, Lancaster, donor, through Ann Bunch: An Illustrated Historical Atlas of Schuyler County, Missouri, 1987 re­ print of 1878 edition. R Rita Hineman Townsend, Garden City, Kansas, donor: Information on the Johnson family of Jasper County. R Mrs. James H. Walker, Marble Falls, Texas, donor: History and copy of a tintype of Georgia Ann (Amos) Hooper. R & E William Warren, Springfield, donor: "Swindell Cemetery, Monroe County, Missouri (1837-1940)." R Vivian S. Wild, Sun City, Arizona, donor, through Ann Bunch, Lan­ caster: A History of Schuyler County, Missouri, From Pre-Settlement to 1943, by donor, 1987 reprint. R Kathleen Wilham, Shelbyville, donor: "Marion County, Missouri, 1830 Census." N Naomi Woods, Fortuna, donor: Wright Family Record, compiled by Omega Charles Hutchinson, pub­ lished by donor. R

The Dangers of the Chafing Dish

Columbia Missouri Herald, December 14,1900. From the Paris Mercury. Chafing dish clubs are a new thing in Paris. They are intended to wean young men away from goose lunches, possum suppers and other hideous orgies and accustom them to future happiness with Welsh rare-bits, pickles and like indigestibles. There is something delusive and ensnaring, in fact, positively dangerous about a girl stirring around a chafing dish, and young men who are not strong, very strong, should be careful in exposing them­ selves to the temptation.

Good Shot, Bad Story

All Outdoors, Missouri Department of Conservation, July 17,1987. Lebanon—Too bad for him, the man was a better shot than he was a liar. Ken Kelm, wildlife damage control agent for the Conservation Depart­ ment, recently was driving a gravel road in the afternoon and saw a man with a rifle cross the road toward the woods. He stopped to see what was going on and the man said he was testing the sights on his rifle. Kelm continued to chat and a big fox squirrel, out of season, fell dead out of a nearby tree with a bullet hole through it. At least the rifle sights passed the test, even if the man didn't. 220 Missouri Historical Review

MISSOURI HISTORY IN NEWSPAPERS Belle Banner August 19,1987—"Koenig History Recalled." Bethany Republican-Clipper September 2,1987—"Back to the 1960's," a pictorial article. Blue Springs Examiner August 11, 1987—"Hicks City, Slave cabin all that's left of town near Lone Jack," by Charles Burke. Boon ville Daily Ne ws August 12, September 2,1987—Old area photographs. October 1, 7—"Remembrances From the Friends of Historic Boonville," a series, featured old area photographs. October 12—"Hardeman's Garden Soon to return to the river's edge" in Howard County, by Cordell Tindall. October 12, 27—A series on the Cooper County Courthouse, Boonville, by Denise Morrow. October 16—"May Have Sunk in 1819 K.C. group hopes to begin digging for steamboat soon" in old Missouri riverbed, by Michael Feeback. Bowling Green Times August 5, 26, September 2,1987—Old area photographs. Brookfield Daily News-Bulletin October 21, 1987—Dan B. Hoagland "Former Brookfielder's Photos on Display," at State Historical Society of Missouri, Columbia. Brunswick Brunswicker August 27, 2987—1908 photograph of John Abner Engleman family. Buffalo Dallas County Courier October 1,1987—Old area photograph. Butler News-Xpress October 9,1987—Old area photograph of open pit mining. Canton Press-News Journal August 13, September 3,1987—"Yesteryear's Pictures," a series. Cape Girardeau Southeast Missourian September 6, 1987—"The Opera House, Landmark changes faces over the years," by Peggy Scott. September 30—"Hanover Lutheran Church named to National Register" of Historic Places, by David Hente. October 23—Photograph of interior of Faulk's Quality Market, 1940. Carrollton Daily Democrat August 7, 21, 28, September 4,11, 25,1987—Old area photographs. Carthage Press September 11, 1987—1940 photograph of "203rd Coast Artillery Houn' Dawgs." Historical Notes and Comments 221

October 5—Old area photograph. October 12—Special section, "A Carthage Chronicle, Highlights of Com­ munity History," by Marvin L. VanGilder. Centralia Fireside Guard September 2,1987—Old area photograph. October 21—"Clark Christian Church celebrates 100th anniversary." Clinton Daily Democrat August 6, September 2, 8, 15, 17, 24, 28, 29, 30, October 6, 1987— "Remember When" featured old area photographs. October 5—"Bettis recalls exploits of boxing father," Harmon Bettis, by Brian Hanney. Columbia Daily Tribune August 2, 23, 30, September 6,13, 27, October 4,11,18,1987—"Whatever Happened To ...," a series by Francis Pike, featured respectively: Tribune's first home, Elvira Building, the replica of George Caleb Bingham's painting Emigration of Daniel Boone, the Thilo Building, the Henry Kirklin Garden, British House of Parliament stone at University of Missouri, Hickman's box elder tree, Columbia College keystone, and Columbia's first park. October 5—"Past confined in Cooper jail, Boonville history buffs begin renovation" of Cooper County Jail, by Madonna Kukay. Columbia Missourian August 9, September 2, 9, 13, 20, 27, October 11, 1987—"Tales of His­ tory," a series by Tom Ladwig, featured respectively: Frank and Jesse James, 1855 railroad bridge collapse, old newspaper articles, woodmen pro­ vided wood for steamboats, superstitions in Missouri, ghost of Boonville's Muir Mansion, and book described Columbia in 1930s. September 20—William "Bloody Bill" Anderson, "A Legacy of Blood," by Kirk Curnutt. Eldon Advertiser August 27,1987—'from the Diary of C.B. Wright, 1926," reprinted. Enid, Oklahoma, Morning News October 7,1987—'Enid and the Dalton boys, Window On The Past." Fayette Advertiser January 28, 1987—"Top Price Ever for American Art: Bingham's 'Flat- boatmen'," painting by George Caleb Bingham. February 25—"Owner: Bingham's 'Witness' For Sale." March 25—Written by Thomas Pearson, "Old Letter Gives Picture of Booming Fayette in 1828." September 9—"Howard County Ghost Towns Survive to Varying De­ grees." October 14—Hardeman's Garden "Pioneer Tourist Attraction Would be Re-created at N.F." New Franklin. Fayette Democrat-Leader April 25,1987—"Santa Fe Trail Bill: Boost for Area Tourism." May 2—Josiah Gregg "Howard Countian's Book Made Santa Fe Trail Famous." July 25—Missouri River "Sunken Steamboat Found, Treasure-Hunters Believe," Hamlet sank in 1819. 222 Missouri Historical Review

Festus Jefferson News-Democrat August 18,1987—Hotel "Commerical was the 'in place' in De Soto's long- ago," by Jo Burford. August 18—"De Soto blaze guts 129-year-old hotel; all escape" Com­ mercial Hotel, by Jim Thomas. August 26—"The Good Old Days Back when Desloge was young," by Joe Layden. September 10—" 'Most horrible' train wreck killed 40 at Sulphur Springs in '22," by Liz Irwin. October 2—Old area photograph. October 8—"Jesse James: hero, villian or both? Tales live on," by Nan Lee. Flat River Daily Journal August 26,1987—"The Good Old Days, Back when Desloge was young," by Joe Layden. September 2—Old area photographs. September 1—"Presidents and trees top list, Streets take names" in Desloge, by Sherry Greminger. September 1— Gus Henroid "Merchant burns charge slips" from Henroid Store in Cantwell in 1920s, by Joe Layden. September 2—"The War to end wars, They march off to fight in France for their nation" Desloge residents in 1917, by Joe Layden. Fredericktown Democrat-News August 27,1987—Old area photographs. September 10—"1916 carousel purchased for $1,200; quite popular in early century," by John Paul Skaggs. Hannibal Courier-Post August 1, September 5, 26, October 3, 7,10,1987—Old area photographs. Harrisonville Cass County Democrat-Missourian August 21, 1987—Special sections, "Sesquicentennial 1837-1987 Harri­ sonville, Missouri, 150 Years of Progress" featured numerous historical articles and old area photographs. Hermitage Index August 27, 1987—"Souvenir Primary Department. Wheatland Public School," 1900-1901, reprinted. Independence Examiner August 18, 1987—Harry S. "Truman neighbors support NPS" National Park Service plan for neighborhood, by Charles Burke. August 24—"Pink Hill, Tiny town survived destruction of Civil War," by Charles Burke. September 14—"New Santa Fe, Tiny state line town became 'breathing place' on the trail," by Charles Burke. Ironton Mountain Echo August 12,1987—Iron County "Historical Museum here has a history all its own," by Elizabeth Holloman. August 12, 19—"Focus on Iron County . . . ," a series featured old area photographs. Historical Notes and Comments 223

Jackson Cash-Book Journal September 2,1987—"More Homecomers memories." Jefferson City Daily Capital News August 13,1987—"Our Heritage," by Scott McQuary featured a painting by Gari Melchers of Eugene Field in the Capitol. Jefferson City News-Tribune October 4,1987—"Firefighting: Tools change, goal the same," by Dwight Warren. Jefferson City Post-Tribune August 5, 1987—"Owe Heritage," by Scott McQuary featured a painting by Gari Melchers of Susan Blow in the Capitol. Joplin Globe August 23, 1987—Osage Village State Historic "Site documents Osage Indian heritage" northeast of Nevada, by Andy Ostmeyer. August 23—"Clues to history, Joplin's lawful, awful past recorded" by historical committee of Joplin Police Department, story by Debby Woodin. Kahoka Media October 14, 1987—"Peaksville Church One of Oldest Existing Parishes in County Still Holding Services" as Christian congregation. Kansas City Star September 17, 1987—"Jones Store Co. ready to mark centennial," by Mike Hendricks. September 27—Kentucky and Missouri, "States still fighting over Daniel Boone," by Nancy Vessell. October 14—"The bridge which made Kansas City," by Vera Haworth Eldridge. October 20—"KC life on film, Museum distills a photo century into 250 images," by Brian Burnes. October 27—City Hall "Formidable spire built to endure," by Donald Hoffmann. Kansas City Times August 14, 28, September 11, 25, October 9, 23,1987—"Postcard from old Kansas City," by Mrs. Sam Ray featured respectively: the John B. Wornall house; "The Scout" statue; Lake Hiwasse, Indian Hills, Kansas City; Armour Boulevard; Sugar Creek Refinery, Standard Oil Co., near Kansas City; and American Hereford Association building, 300 W. 11th Street. Lebanon Daily Record August 5,1987—"Mill Creek School history unfolds," by Kirk Pearce. September 2,16, October 14—Old area school photographs. Lee's Summit Journal October 14, 1987—"Green metal building is learning resource building," Nance Museum, rural Lone Jack, reprinted. Linn Unterrified Democrat August 12,1987—Photograph of Wulff's Grocery, Koeltztown. 224 Missouri Historical Review

Louisiana Press-Journal August 31,1987—Old area photograph. September 7—"Small communities of Pike County, Ashburn: company town had jobs and dancing," by Ray Scherer. Macon Chronicle-Herald September 29, 1987—A special section featured articles on the Blees Military Academy/Still Hildreth Sanitorium Building, its history and reno­ vation as modern apartments. October 2—National Geographic "Magazine To Recreate Historic View Of Macon," by Mark Snow. October 9—"First Macon City Hall Building Still Exists," by Jon Shepherd. October 21—"Efforts Underway To Restore Historic Macon Residence" Van Cleve-Doneghy house, by Jon Shepherd. Maiden Press-Merit September 16, 1987—"A History of the Maiden School," reprinted, sub­ mitted by Glenda Jont Roberts. Marshall Democrat-News August 3, 5, 6, 7, 10,11,18,19, 20, 21, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, September 1, 2, 9, 10,11,14,15,16,17, 23, 25, 28, 29, October 1, 2, 6, 8, 9,12,13,14,16,19, 21, 23, 1987—Old area photographs. October 13—"History of Chapel Hill College provides look at state's higher education," by Paul D. Porter. Maryville Daily Forum August 4,1987—"Guilford schools have proud history," by Dona Miller. August 4,14, 31, September 9, 28, October 6—Old area photographs. October 3—Oliver Gray, "Orphan train rider relates early memories," compiled by Opal Eckert. Mexico Ledger October 1,1987—"1937 'Dogs One Stop On Down Memory Lane," by Jim Stanley. Milan Standard August 27,1987—Photograph of Milan 5th grade class, 1927. Moberly Monitor-Index August 7,1987—Old area photographs. September 25—"Randolph County was organized Jan. 22,1829." October 19—"Livery stable fire in Moberly exciting in August 1905," by Orville Sittler. Monett Times September 26,1987—Old area photograph. October 16—"Louis Monnets Resided Here Another 'Monett' Family Part Of Town's History." Nevada Daily Mail September 3, 17, 1987—"Tales of History," a series by Tom Ladwig, featured respectively: Missourians in the Mexican War and Osage Indians. Historical Notes and Comments 225

New Ha ven Leader September 30, 1987—"From Miller's Landing to New Haven: A look back," by Lelia E. Wilkinson, reprinted. Oak Grove Banner August 27, 1987—Interior photograph of an early day Oak Grove drug­ store. Owensville Gasconade County Republican August 26, 1987—"State Historical Society of Missouri maintains a microfilm library of newspapers ... Window to the past," by Tom C. Warden. Paris Monroe County Appeal September 3,1987—"Florida's final rise and decline" of town. Perry ville Monitor September 3, 1987—"Perry County Album" featured Fish's Store, Lithium, damaged by tornado in 1917. Perry ville Perry County Republic August 11, October 6, 1987—"Perry County Album" featured old area photographs. Piedmont Wayne County Journal August 6, 13, 20, 27, September 3, 17, 24, October 1, 8, 15, 1987— "Historical Wayne County," a series, featured old area photographs. Pleasant Hill Times August 5, September 2, 9, 23, October 14, 1987—"Snapshots of yester­ day," a series. Poplar Bluff Daily American Republic September 27, 1987—On Butler County Courthouse lawn, "Gazebo Stirs Memories of Days Gone By," by Brenda Douglas. Potosi Independent-Journal August 6,1987—"195-Year-Old House To Highlight 22nd Annual Jour de Fete in Ste. Genevieve " Puxico Weekly Press August 26, 1987—Photograph of students at Rockwell No. 1 Grade School, 1944. Raytown Post August 26,1987—Old area photographs. Richmond Daily News October 13, 1987—"Gone with the winds of time, Swan wick served as thriving community" in Ray County, by Tom Bogdon. Rolla Daily News September 6, 1987—"John Webber: Rolla's First Resident," by Herschel Dunham. September 6—"Goal Set 3 Years Ago Reached Today," monument mark­ ing Webber homestead, by R.D. Hohenfeldt. 226 Missouri Historical Review

September 6—"Timber May Be From Civil War Fort" Dette, by Cindy Miller. September 8—"Webber Monument Dedicated," in Rolla, by R.D. Hohen- feldt. St Clair Missourian September 2, 1987—"Site for St. Clair Museum Has An Interesting History of Its Own," by Mildred Planthold Michie. Ste. Genevieve Herald October 21, 1987—"Scrapbook" featured a photo of the railroad transfer boat, Ste. Genevieve. St. James Leader-Journal September 2,1987—Old area photograph. St Joseph Gazette August 7, September 4, 1987—"Young at Heart," monthly special issues, featured historical accounts by area senior citizens. September 27—Old area photograph. October 8—Jesse Taylor Cargill "Cartoonist's work on exhibit" at State Historical Society of Missouri, by James F. Wolfe. St Joseph News-Press September 6, 1987—"So where has Daniel Boone gone, anyway?" by Eva Segar. St. Louis Neighborhood Journal June 17, July 8, August 5,19, 26, September 2, 9, 16, 23, 30, October 7,14, 1987— "Now and Then," series by Skip Gatermann, featured respectively: Taussig School, "Open Air School"; early theatre in St. Louis; U.S. arsenal; St. Louis Chinatown, 1890s, "Hop Alley"; St. Louis street names; historic roads; Barr Branch Library, first Carnegie Library in St. Louis; coal smoke brought on Black Tuesday, 1939; St. Louis vs. New Orleans; school days in 1930s; birth of Trinity Lutheran Church; and blacks contributed to culture. July 22—"Bocce, Playing ball Italian style," by Byron Bellville. St Louis Post-Dispatch August 2, 23, 1987—"Look Here/Glimpses Of St. Louis," a series of old photographs. September 26—Rosh Hashana "Jewish Festival Had A Humble Start Here" in 1837. St. Louis Riverfront Times July 22-28, 1987—"Tennessee Williams Was Alive And Well And Living In St. Louis," by Brenda Murphy. August 12-18—"Dusting Off Home, 'Cool Papa' Bell's street gets the jump on renovation," James "Cool Papa" Bell Avenue in St. Louis, by J.A. Lobbia. St. Louis South Side Journal October 2, 1987—"Visit to St. Charles offers lesson in state history," by Pamela Selbert. October 2—St. Joseph's Shrine "North side church recalls architecture of Roman cathedrals," by Pamela Selbert. Historical Notes and Comments 227

Sarcoxie Record August 27,1987-"Old Fire Truck Looking Good as New!" in 1929. Sikeston Daily Standard August 23,1987—Bank of Sikeston "100 years marked Bank withstands hands of time," by Cindy Seabaugh. September 14—"A stitch in time" 1886 memory quilt on display at the New Madrid Historical Museum. Smithville Lake Democrat-Herald July 22, 1987—Smith ville Historical Society discontinued operation of Paterson Memorial Museum and Paterson house sold. August 26—Photographs of Smithville High School Class of 1957. September 23—"What's new about the Old?" by Marge Harris listed bits of area history. Springfield Business Journal August 31, 2987—1885 photograph of a horse-drawn street car in Spring­ field. Springfield Shoppers' Guide August 11-17, 1987—"The Day Springfield Declared War" on Spain in 1898. This and the articles below, by Bob La Loge. August 25-31, September 1-7, 8-15—"The Story of Emancipation—No One Knows This Man Freed The Slaves," a series, on John Brooks Hender­ son. September 15-21—"The Most Hideous Crime in Springfield History" the kidnapping of Lloyd Keet. Springfield Weekly Press September 22-28, September 29-October 5, 1987—"The Most Hideous Crime in Springfield History." This and the article below, by Bob La Loge. October 6-12—"Mysterious Massacre In Springfield Solved?" Steele Enterprise August 27, 1987—J.E. Palmer "Local Man Wrote Song; Started Singing Convention" from information by Wilburn Clark. Stockton Cedar County Republican September 2, 1987—"Cedar County yesterday" featured an old area photograph. Sullivan Independent News September 2,1987—Old area photograph. Sweet Springs Herald August 13, 1987—"Sweet Springs History Reviewed In Sesquicenten­ nial." Trenton Republican-Times September 29,1987—Photograph of crew of last passenger train through Trenton in 1969. Troy Free Press September 23,1987—"Riverside Hotel" in Moscow. 228 Missouri Historical Review

Vienna Maries Gazette-Adviser September 2,1987—1930s photograph of the Old Jail Museum. October 14—" 'Swinging Bridge' Fate In Hands Of Historical Society" of Maries County. Warrenton News August 19,1987—Military discharge of Henry A. Lepp, 1865, reprinted. Washington Missourian October 21,1987—"History of St. Clair Area Is Outlined in 1878 Volume," by Mildred Planthold Michie. West Plains Daily Quill September 11, 1987—"Daily Quills, phone book draw most interest as OMC time capsule opened" box in cornerstone of Ozark Medical Center built in 1957, by Carol Bruce. Willow Springs News August 27,1987—Old area photograph. August 27—"Athletics for Women?" 1922, reprinted. September 3—"Highway Commission visits District 9." September 3—"District 9, Mo. Highway and Transportation Depart­ ment—The Early Years," reprinted.

Fashion Warning

Brownsville Herald, September 15, 1882. Young girl! look not upon the bang when it coileth upon the brow like a viper! Shun the first friz as you would a hoppergrass at a picnic, for at last it stingeth like a steel blue wasp and keepth the sensible young man aloof! Mother, where is your daughter to-night? Is she in her room preparing the baleful quince seed juice with which to fresco her forehead with the de­ moralizing bang in the morning? Speak to her; apply the slipper before it is everlastingly too late.—Ex.

Unfair to Printers

Glenwood Criterion, September 28, 1870. A spicy exchange "hits the nail on the head" when it says it very often gets cordial invitations to puff all sorts of things "free—gratis—for nothing;" but it fails to see it in any such light. Generosity and courtesy, according to its ideas, should not be like a jug-handle—all on one side. Those people who want to be noticed and are worthy of it, should "talk turkey" to the printer part of the time. When the printer can get paper, ink, help, meat, flour, oysters, cigars, hats, boots, dry goods, furniture, potatoes, bank stock, car­ riages, etc., for nothing, he will give editorial notices at the same price. Historical Notes and Comments 229

MISSOURI HISTORY IN MAGAZINES American History Illustrated, September, 1987: "Jessie Benton Fremont," by Pamela Herr. Badenfest News, August, 1987: "Remember When" featured mills for state sales tax, St. Louis neighborhood threatres, service stations and ice boxes, by Ross Durbin. , September, 1987: "A Look at History Ten Years Ago This Year," in Baden area of St. Louis, by Ross Durbin.

Bear Facts, August, 1987: Missouri's "Militia guards territory during War of 1812," by Orval Henderson.

Bluebird, September, 1987: "John E. Wylie, The Forestry Years, 1949-1977, The Natural History Years, 1977-1987," by Conservation Federation of Missouri. Brigham Young University Studies, Spring, 1986: " 'High Treason and Murder': The Examination of Mormon Prisoners at Richmond, Missouri, in November 1838," by Stephen C. LeSueur; "The Missouri Redress Petitions: A Reappraisal of Mormon Persecutions in Missouri," by Clark V. Johnson; "The Land Question at Adam-ondi-Ahman," in Daviess County, Missouri, by Leland H. Gentry. , Summer, 1986: David Rice "Atchison's Letters and the Causes of Mormon Explusion from Missouri," by Richard Lloyd Anderson.

Bulletin, Johnson County Historical Society, Inc., September, 1987: "Did Frank James Sleep Here?" home of Guysinger family near Holden, by Mrs. Paul Phipps; "World War I: Letters Home," reprinted; "Historic Chilhowee," by Roger Maserang; "Century Farms in Johnson County," by L. Dale Hagerman; "Good Old School Days," by Russell Daniel Raber. Callaway Journal, Volume XII, 1987: "Descendants of William Callaway"; "John Callaway: Moving Westward," by Joann Callaway; "Letter Writ­ ten by John Callaway" from Boonville, Mo., 1840; "Jemima: Setting Record Straight" about Jemima Boone Callaway, by Charles G. Bo wen; "Who Are the Children of William, Milly Callaway?" Catholic Historical Review, July, 1987: "The Truman Administration and Vatican Relations," by George J. Gill. Chariton County Historical Society Newsletter, October, 1987: An article on Randolph Springs, reprinted; "New Home of Sweeney's Poison Wheat " manufactured by W.R. Sweeney, Salisbury, reprinted. Cherry Diamond, September, 1987: "Missouri Historical Society Shows A New Face," by Albert L. Schweitzer III. , October, 1987: "Looking Back, The Year Was 1917" for the Missouri Athletic Association. 230 Missouri Historical Review

Clayton Magazine, Fall/Winter, 1987: "Thomas Jefferson in Clayton's Past and Present"; "Residential Old Town: Original Clayton Suburb." Collage of Cape County, September, 1987: "Stehr Family," by Sharon K. Sanders; death notice and will of Herman Wahl, reprinted; "Hunter- Dawson State Historic Site," New Madrid, reprinted; material on Chris­ tian Kage and Amalia Gloth Kurre Kage. Columbia College Friends, September, 1987: Sidney "Larson named Prof-of- Year." Courier, Missouri Conference of the United Church of Christ, September, 1987: "Evangelical Children's Home," in St. Louis, Kansas City, Jeffer­ son City and Mayview; "Church of the Month, Ebenezer UCC, Levasy," by Kay Moellenhoff. Biggin' History, Andrew County Historical Society, October, 1987: "Pre- History of Andrew County," by Roy E. Coy. Drury Quarterly, September, 1987: "One of Drury's Giants," Dr. James Findlay former college president, by Kathy Matthews. Fence Painter, Summer, 1987: "Sam Clemens' Debt To Captain Isaiah Sel­ lers." First Presbyterian Church, Columbia, The Epistle, September, 1987: "The Organs of the Church." Florissant Valley Quarterly, October, 1987: "The Magill Family of Floris­ sant, 1810-1920," by John Steel McCormick; "Florissant Valley of Flowers Festival." Gateway Heritage, Summer, 1987: "The Meeting of the Waters: Milles Foun­ tain and Aloe Plaza," in St. Louis, by Betty Burnett; "Frederick Oakes Sylvester: Transcendental Regionalist," by Thomas E. Morrissey; "Nic- holas-Beazley: Pioneer Missouri Aircraft Company, a Stormy Trip Into History," in Marshall, by Glenn S. Hensley; "Charles A. Lindbergh Remembered: A Hero for St. Louis and the World," by Gary N. Smith. Gateway Postcard Club News, July/August, 1987: "St. Louis Views, 'Soulard Market'," by Skip Gatermann. , September/October, 1987: "St. Louis Views, 'Suburbia in the City'," in Compton Heights neighborhood, by Skip Gatermann. Goingsnake Messenger, March, 1987: "Lawrence & Beulah Sears: 1917- 1979," by Maxine Sears Poynor. Graceland Gazette, Audrain County Historical Society, October, 1987: "Black Day for Audrain" hanging of Walker Kilgore in 1880, by Leta Hodge. Hayes Historical Journal, Spring, 1987: "Masters of American Realism," novelists including Mark Twain, by William E. Grant. Heritage, September, 1987: "Businesses of Wellington." Historic Kansas City Foundation Gazette, September/October, 1987: "The City Workhouse on Vine Street," by Doran L. Cart. Historical Notes and Comments 231

Jefferson Heritage and Landmark Corporation, Fall, 1987: "Daniel Dunklin, 1790-1844," by Frank Magre; "Logbook of the Steamboat 'Maid of Orleans'," reprinted. Journal of the Missouri Bar, July-August, 1987: "Chief Justice William H. Billings, Supreme Court of Missouri." Kansas City Magazine, September, 1987: "Notebook: And Now There Is One" city magazine, by William R. Wehrman; "Sweet Harmony, After 30 years, the Lyric Opera," by John Laroe. Kirksville Magazine, Fall, 1987: "Gerontology education offers lasting clini­ cal experience for KCOM students" Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, by Carrie Allen; Bernard Burdman, "Kirksville resident be­ lieves in community involvement," by Vicki Horn. Kirkwood Historical Review, March and June, 1987: "Mary Miller Mabrey Donovan: Our Founder 1893-1987"; "The Heege Store," by R.T. Bamber; "A Description for Bicyclists of Some Old Roads in the Vicinity of Kirkwood Circa 1895," reprinted; "A Comparison of Kirkwood Busi­ nesses: 1873 and 1899," reprinted; "Et Cetera" about Kirkwood in 1895, reprinted. Laclede County Historical Society Newsletter, Summer, 1987: "Dove, Mis­ souri History," by Kirk Pearce. Landmarks Letter, May/June, 1987: An article on Holy Cross Catholic Church in Baden area of St. Louis. , July/August, 1987: Brief history of the proposed KATY Trail; "Status of Landmarks Nominations to the National Register," Charles Sumner High School, St. Louis; "Threat to Coral Court Motel" in St. Louis County. September/October, 1987: "St. Louis Architects: Famous and Not So Famous (Part 12)," Albert Bartleton Groves; "Grand Opening at 555 Washington Avenue." Lawrence County Historical Society Bulletin, October, 1987: "The Old Aurora Cemetery"; "Gum Letters Tell of Civil War," reprinted; "Statement of George Haley, Mount Vernon, Missouri," reprinted; "Genealogical Note­ book, William Crabtree Price"; "The Turnback Story, Turnback Creek," by Fred G. Mieswinkel; "Genealogical Notebook, Josiah A. Sparks." Loyal Ladies Annunciator, October, 1987: "Relief Efforts in St. Louis, 1864," reprinted. Maries Countian, October, 1987: Article on Jim Rowden, by Mildred M. Gray. Mid-America Messenger, September, 1987: Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), Mid-America "Region Celebrates 150th Year!" by Griffith A. Hamlin. Missouri Archaeological Society Quarterly, April-June, 1987: "Carl H. Chap­ man and Eleanor F. Chapman, Missouri Archaeology's First Family," by James E. Price. 232 Missouri Historical Review

Missouri Botanical Garden, Bulletin, September-October, 1987: "New Sculp­ ture Garden" features work of Carl Milles, by George McCue; "The Oldest Trees at the Garden," by George Rogers. Missouri East United Methodist Reporter, September 11, 1987: "Historic Chapel honored on Old McKendree Day." Missouri Folklore Society Journal, Volume VII, 1985: "The Origin and Pronunciation of 'Missouri'," by Donald M. Lance; "Bushwhacking Stories in Ozark Oral Tradition," by Donald Love; "Preserving the Ozark Past: The Bittersweet Experience," by Ellen Gray Massey. Missouri Highway and Transportation News, September, 1987: Art "Bowen Makes His 'Break'," by Sue W. Muck. Missouri Life, Summer, 1987: "The Whistle is Silent" at W.S. Dickey clay tile plant in Deepwater, by Margery Bennett Hartstock; "Eastside: Next Door Memories, Old House at Hog Hollow" in St. Louis County, by Ellie Grossman; "Goodbye, Riddle Bridge" in Pulaski County, by Joan Gil­ bert; "High and Wild" Fabius River, by Jolene Neighbors; "The Bur- fordville Covered Bridge: Preserved for Posterity," by Michael Coit; "Stepping Back in Time, The Lexington Historical Homes Tour," by Lucia Butler; "Missouriana: Remembering My Mamma," Matilda Ellen Mills, by Nadine Mills Coleman; "Voices, Mae Newcomer Burford: Four decades of nursing," by Jo Burford. Missouri Partisan, October, 1987: Material on Rev. Robert Smith Hunter; "Father Abram J. Ryan—Poet Priest of the Confederacy," reprinted; "Clergy at Forefront of 'Rebellion' in Mo.," reprinted; "Missouri Chap­ lains' Efforts," reprinted; E.M. Marvin and E.K. Miller, "Ministering to Missourians, Wherever They May Go," reprinted. Missouri Prairie Journal, September, 1987: John Wylie, "A Prairie Protector Retires," by Richard Thorn. Missouri Press News, July, 1987: "Lucile Bluford: Editor and Activist." Missouri Ruralist, September, 1987: "Corn Husking's Heydays, 125,000 peo­ ple swamped Marshall for the 1937 National Corn Husking Contest," by Robert Burns. _, October, 1987: "Missouri Portrait, Gee! Haw! Mule skinning still lives" Payton Miller, by Robert Burns. Montana the Magazine of Western History, Summer, 1987: "Charlie Russell's Indians," by John C. Ewers. MSM Alumnus, August, 1987: "Meet Tom Akers UMR's First Astronaut," graduate of the University of Missouri-Rolla. Museum Of The Fur Trade Quarterly, Summer, 1987: "Beaver To Buffalo Robes: Transition in the Fur Trade (Conclusion)," by T. Lindsay Baker. NACCCA Journal, June, 1987: "Jefferson Barracks 1826-1946," by Richard E. Mueller, condensed and reprinted. Historical Notes and Comments 233

Nemo Scope, Spring, 1987: "Retirees honored, . . ." Gilbert and Mary Jane Kohlenberg, Ruth Towne, Kenneth Gardner, Katie Strickler, Margaret Broseghini and Olin Johnson. Newsletter of the Phelps County Historical Society, September, 1987: "Spe­ cial Issue: History of John Webber and the Webber Family," by Herschel E. Dunham. Newton County Saga, September, 1987: "Reding's Mill, A Newton County Landmark"; "Hickory Creek," by Josephine Geyer Howard; "The Cozy Club," by Josephine Geyer Howard; "Reminiscences of H.M. Ritchey" in 1939, reprinted. Osage County Missouri Historical Society Newsletter, August, 1987: "??Do You Remember??" the drugstore in Linn, a reminiscence by Mary Lou Ferrier Schulte. , September, 1987: "Jesse Moore, An Osage County Patriarch," reprinted; "Babbtown Church History," reprinted. , October, 1987: " 'Where's the Beef?' (LeBoeuf—Pilot Knob- Buck Elk)"; "A Tour of the Zewicki House," the Society's museum and library in Linn, by Claudean Morton. Ozark Happenings Newsletter, July/August, 1987: "Alley Spring Mill." Ozarks Mountaineer, July-August, 1987: "Somewhere Out On Tour No. 6," across southern Missouri from the American Guide Series, by Kay Hively; William "Hannebaum's Ozark Car," by Robert Glynn; "Timber, Trails and the Ten O'Clock Run," to the area of Taney County now known as Branson, by Kathleen Van Buskirk; "Signs of Springs," in the Ozarks, by Fern Nance Shumate. , September-October, 1987: "The Ozarks: Then & Now," by Russell Hively; " 'Big Brother' Paul" Fredrick, by Leon Fredrick; "Ca­ hoot's J.P. Moore—For Love of the Piney" River, by Mildred Rogers; "At home in—Buffalo Bog," in Barry County, by Gloria E. Crosby; "Room 'nd Board In Old Forsyth," by Helen W. Baskett; "Memories of Mano" in Barry County, by Ollie A. Thorsell. Park College Record, September, 1987: "The RECORD from the Beginning (Part XV)." Patrol News, July, 1987: Missouri Highway "Patrol History Trivia," Bureau of Identification created in 1934, by E.M. Raub. , August, 1987: "Lt. J.B. Pershing Busch," submitted by Troop G; "Patrol History Trivia" duty at State Fair since 1933, by E.M. Raub. Pemiscot County Missouri Quarterly, Summer, 1987: "Sue Gillis"; "Caruth­ ersville Schools—Memories," reprinted. Phelps County Genealogical Society Quarterly, July, 1987: "Coppage-Kitchen Family," submitted by Jean Buntin Chamness. 234 Missouri Historical Review

Pioneer Times, July, 1987: "The Family of John Peter Fromme," reprinted, submitted by Bettye Prince Gilbert; an article on Samuel Hawken and Hawken rifles, by Lew Larkin, reprinted; "From the past. . . Letters & Diaries," letters written by Bette and J.E. Benson, submitted by Vickee Weber; "Missouri Probate Packets," of Jonathan Ferrell, Dallas County. Pioneer Wagon, Summer, 1987: "Independent Order of Svithiod of America, Gotha Lodge No. 24, Kansas City, Missouri." Platte County Missouri Historical & Genealogical Society Bulletin, Summer, 1987: "The Swaney Brick" house, by Colonel Richard Hopkins. Preservationist, Franklin County Historical Society, October 5, 1987: "Mem­ ories in Brick" of Maze Bakery in Union, by LeRoy Danz. Rural Missouri, August, 1987: Saddlemaker, Martin Bergin, "Suburban Buck- aroo," by Jim McCarty. St. Louis, August, 1987: "Family Album: The Write Stuff," Marcella and Gladys Thum, by Cynthia Kagan Frohlichstein; Joseph "Pulitzer," Jr. by Steve Friedman; "Southside Spice," neighborhoods of St. Louis, by Nancy Solomon; "Tower Grove House, The summer home of Henry Shaw," by Janet Keller, photography by John Nagel. , September, 1987: "Family Album, Teach Your Children Well Follow John Sant'Ambrogio's example," by Maggie Ries. _, October, 1987: "Family Album, Headstrong & Happy," Phil and Janet Majerus, by Bill Motchan; an article on Tom Zych, by Jeff Rainford; "Country Charm, Savor the scenery of the Missouri River Valley," by Cecil Coleman; "In a Grand Manor" Georgian Colonial designed by Ernst Janssen, story by Janet Keller; "North County Boom" of residential building, by Sheila J. Witherington. St. Louis Bar Journal, Summer, 1987: "The Dred Scott Case," by Mark G. Zellmer; "Voluntary Metropolitan School Desegregation in St. Louis- Substantial Achievements and Broken Promises," by D. Bruce La Pierre; "An Earlier Fight for Women's Rights" to vote in Missouri, 1875, by Joseph Fred Benson. St. Louis Commerce, September, 1987: Grace Nichols "transplant plans for growth" of St. Charles, by Sue Schneider. , October, 1987: "the great river road" along the Mississippi River, by Grover Brinkman and Shirley Brinkman Kocher. St Louis Genealogical Society Quarterly, Fall, 1987: James McLaughlin "A Revolutionary Soldier Pleads His Case—1830," reprinted; "The Long, Long Arm of Testimony" regarding New Madrid patent for land in Pike County, reprinted. Saint Louis Home, September, 1987: "The Ironclad Navy of James B. Eads," by Tom Keller; "Landmarks Association of St. Louis, Grand Avenue Water Tower." , October, 1987: "Landmarks Association of St. Louis, 555 Wash­ ington"; "Missouri's Own Loch Ness Monster?" by Carl W. Breihan. Historical Notes and Comments 235

Santa Fe Trail Researcher Newsletter, July-August, 1987: "The Clan Johns­ tons of Missouri," submitted by Clyde Johnson. School and Community, Fall, 1987: "Family Album, Teaching is a tradition in these MSTA families," Missouri State Teachers Association, by Kath­ leen G. O'Hanlon; "Class Acts: One Tough Teacher," Michele Byrd Grant, by J. Lauren Quinlan. Scott County Historical Society Newsletter, September, 1987: Letter from John Harbison reporting arrival of the Scott County Gold Hunting Company in California in 1849, reprinted, submitted by Edna Caldwell. , October, 1987: "The Illmo Bank's Calf Club Boosts Dairying," 1917, reprinted. Second 50 Forum, August, 1987: "Branson's Million-Dollar Baby" Kewpies created by Rose O'Neill, article by Mary Kimbrough; "Now & Then, Missouri Hotel—The Raeder Building," by NiNi Harris. Seeking 'N Searching Ancestors, October, 1987: Material on Henry Clay Jackson; "The Capitol City of Mo.—Jefferson City," reprinted; Red or Baumhoer School, "Country School Series," by Peggy Smith Hake, reprinted. Show-Me Libraries, June, 1987: "The Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod Library" in St. Louis, by Shari Siemsen. South Central Missouri Genealogy Society News Letter, July, 1987: "Some Early History of Howell County," reprinted; "The Collins Family of the Ozarks," compiled by Marvin A. Oaks. Southwest Missourian, Summer, 1987: "From Music to Top Scholar, Dr. William Perkins attains national recognition," by Caron Rackley. Springfield! Magazine, August, 1987: "Christian County Dedicates Historical Museum," by Shirley Stewart; Johnny Morris started outdoor store, "The Bass Pro Story (Part) II," by Reta Spears-Stewart; Learning to Write in 1910s with "Banker's Ink," by Jack Randall; "Ovis & Clara Fuson, Enthusiasts About People," by Hayward Barnett; "Edgar A. Albin: Champion of Arts and Environment, Part I," by Sherlu Walpole; J. Newton Wakeman "Depression Doctor," by Joan Henry; "Dian Barker: Using Her Talents In Financial Planning And Training Cham­ pions," by Sherlu Walpole; Clayton (Clay) Farr, "The Mechanic Who Loves Mules," by Lloyd Purves; "Your Neighbor's Faith, South Street Opens Doors to All Christians," by Sandra Holmes Tinsley; "Local Color In the Queen City of the Ozarks, Park XVI—1920's Revolution in Manners & Morals," by William J. Moore; "Karen Twigg: Interpreter for the Deaf," by Mabel Carver Taylor. , September, 1987: "Edgar A. Albin: Champion of Arts and Environment, Part II," by Sherlu Walpole; "The Bass Pro Story (Part III), by Reta Spears-Stewart; "The Mickey Owen Saga, Part One: 'Who's that Masked Man?' " by Mary I. West; "Ginger Smith: A Couth Lady With Spice!" by Sherlu Walpole; "J. Robert Ashcroft," by Jane Hedman; "Portrait of an Artist, Dwaine Crigger Sculptor," by Edgar A. Albin; 236 Missouri Historical Review

"Local Color in the Queen City of the Ozarks, Part XV—Drury Field Buzzed with Sandlot Activity in 1920," by William J. Moore; Edna Brafford Ayers "Leading The Way, From Beauticians To Cosmetol­ ogists," by Sandra Holmes Tinsley. ., October, 1987: "The New Elfindale!"; "Tess Harper, Remember­ ing Her SMSU Tent Roots" at Southwest Missouri State University, by Tina Chasteen Stillwell; "Portrait of an Artist. . . ," Bill Senter, by Edgar A. Albin; "Duane Porter: 'A Good Decorator Has to Listen'," by Sherlu Walpole; "The Mickey Owen Saga, Part Two: 'Off and Running Again'," by Mary I. West; "Local Color In the Queen City of the Ozarks, Part XVIII—Springfieldians Enjoy Wide Variety of Amusements in 1921," by William J. Moore; "Edgar A. Albin: Champion of Arts and Environment, Part III," by Sherlu Walpole; "Your Neighbor's Faith, Christ Episcopal Church Is One of Oldest Buildings in Springfield," by Nancy S. Reames. Transactions of the Missouri Academy of Science, Volume 20, 1986: "The Golden Wedding: 50 Years of Cooperative Endeavor at the Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit," by Sandy Clark and Thomas S. Baskett. Travelhost, July 5, 1987: "Mississippi Steamboats: A Glimpse Of The Past," by Lita M. Bonciolini; Columbia and Jefferson City, "Crossroads Of The Show Me State." Union Cemetery Historical Society, The Epitaph, August, 1987: An article on Daniel Morgan Boone and Boone-Hays Cemetery, Kansas City, by Nancy Russell. Union Electric News, July, 1987: "Taum Sauk Plant, Unraveling the Mys­ tery." United Methodist Reporter, Mid-Missouri Advocate edition, August 21, 1987: "Bethel UMC," in Montgomery County, second part of history; "Fair- view United Methodist Church." , September 18, 1987: "Littleby UMC," in Audrain County. Universitas, Saint Louis University Magazine, Summer, 1987: "The Scrap- book, Postage Stamp Would Honor Dr. Tom Dooley." Viking Views, October, 1987: "Interesting Paper On Remington Schuyler," from information by Henry Hamilton, reprinted. Wagon Tracks, Santa Fe Council Newsletter, August, 1987: "Richard Gentry: Trader and Patriot," by Richard R. Forry. Washington University Magazine, Summer, 1987: Walt Spitzmiller, "The Post-Modern Illustrator," by Roger Hahn. Waterways Journal, August 24, 1987: "Book Describes Work of the Edenborn Boats," built for William Edenborn as transfer vessels, by James V. Swift. _, September 21, 1987: From dredge Fort Gage, "River Bell Rings To Honor Constitution," by James V. Swift. Historical Notes and Comments 237

, October 12, 1987: National "Rivers Hall of Fame Honors 6 in St. Louis," Ruth Ferris, Herman Pott, Capt. "Buck" Leyhe, Capt. John Streckfus, David A. Wright and Capt. Donald T. Wright; "The Phil Sheridan Ran on Two Rivers," by James V. Swift. , October 19, 1987: Steamer Phil Sheridan "Race Horse of the Upper Mississippi River," by James V. Swift. October 26, 1987: Phil "Sheridan's Bell Now at Excelsior, Minn.," by James V. Swift. Westminster College Report, Summer, 1987: "Tom Botts: A new name for the track"; "Dave Berryman: Westminster's first 'big man'." White River Valley Historical Quarterly, Summer, 1987: "Ozarks Women: Ignorant, Barefoot, and Pregnant?" by Ruth J. Newman; "Memoirs of Ollie Layton, Taney County's Sesquicentennial Queen," by Ollie Lay- ton; "Historical Legacy" of Layton family, by Pauline Layton Barton. William and Mary Quarterly, October, 1987: "Did She Generally Decide? Women in Ste. Genevieve, 1750-1805," by Susan C. Boyle. Winston Churchill Memorial and Library, Memo, September, 1987: "Me­ morial memoir: a president recollects," by Dr. R.L.D. Davidson, re­ printed. Word & Way, October 1,1987: Missouri Baptist Convention "MBC's Webster Brown: He makes things work." Yellowjacket, Great River Genealogical Society, September, 1987: "The Kirk- ham Family of Marion and Lewis Counties, Missouri," submitted by Joyce A. (Kirkham) Koenig.

Accidentally in Vogue

Jefferson City Daily Eclipse, November 30, 1880. Fashion is often the result of accident. A Richmond Hill woman's hat blew off to-day and was run over by a wagon and a wheelbarrow, besides being stepped upon on four times, before she recovered it. She had to wear it home, though, and seven other women who saw it thought it was a new style, and went and ordered hats with just the same jams in them.

Credit Check

Jefferson City Daily Eclipse, November 4,1879. "Is that a friend of yours?" said a gentleman pointing to one who was rapidly moving down the street. "Can't tell you till next Saturday, returned the individual addressed. I've just lent him a dollar." 238 Missouri Historical Review

IN MEMORIAM ROBERT IRVIN "SI" COLBORN ARBUCKLE, WENDELL SHERWOOD, Co­ Robert Irvin "Si" Colborn, long­ lumbia: March 16, 1911-March 22, time newspaperman and former 1987. trustee of the State Historical Soci­ AVESING, FLORENCE, St. Louis: March ety, died August 6, in Paris, Missouri. 13,1910-November 2,1986. Born at Stoutsville, October 16,1899, to the Reverend Robert T. and Anna- BOHM, E. DORA, Edwardsville, Illi­ bell Sanders Colborn, he graduated nois: June 30,1900-January 13,1986. from Paris High School in 1919. Al­ DUNLAP, RICHARD L., Kansas City: though he attended the University of March 9,1898-July 7,1987. Missouri, financing prevented him GRAY, WILLIAM P., Pleasant Hill: from getting a degree. May 19,1908-April 21,1987. Colborn's distinguished journalism HOCKER, O. GLEN, Mexico: March career began in 1917 when he worked 29,1898-May 27,1987. as school correspondent for the local weekly newspaper, the Paris Monroe JAMES, THEKLA, Sturdivant: May 12, County Appeal. He joined the news­ 1904-September 12,1987. paper staff in 1920, operated a news­ JAMISON, A. LELAND, Syracuse, New paper in Winter Garden, Florida, York: August 20, 1911-December 28, 1924-1925, and returned to the Appeal 1986. in 1926. He purchased an interest in LEIBER, QUENTIN M., Aurora, Colo­ the latter in 1939, and following the rado: February 23, 1912-June 15, death of his partner, Jack Blanton 1986. in 1955, he assumed the position of editor. After twenty-four years as MANSFIELD, W.W., Scottsdale, Ari­ editor, he sold his newspaper interest zona: Died, May 22,1987. to Carter V. Blanton in 1979. Until PARRISH, RAY H., Rulo, Nebraska: his final retirement in 1986, he con­ March 14, 1899-September 10,1987. tinued to write his award-winning SASSE, MRS. ARNO H., Triplett: Jan­ column, "Sidelights." uary 11,1894-October 20,1986. Colborn was a long-time member WALTHER, JANET, St. Louis: March of the Missouri Press Association and 5,1908-December 2,1986. past president of the Northeast Mis­ souri Press Association. He was ac­ WENTKER, JOSEPH B., St. Charles: tive in numerous organizations includ­ February 24, 1904-August 15, 1986. ing the American Legion, Rotary WHITEHEAD, LORRAINE, Sun City, Ari­ Club, Masonic Lodge and the Paris zona: September 10, 1918-December Baptist Church. A former officer and 29, 1986. trustee of the Monroe County Histori­ WOLF, RALPH, Weatherby: Novem­ cal Society and Archeological Society, ber 2,1911-July 27,1987. he was a trustee of the State Histori­ WRIGHT, CAROLYN BASSETT, Geneva, cal Society of Missouri for over Illinois: August 16, 1906-December twenty-two years. 30,1986. Colborn married Margaret Pittman in 1938; she died in 1980. In 1983, he WRIGHT, JOE H., Sun City, Arizona: married Sadie Finnell. September 18,1909-July 11,1986. Historical Notes and Comments 239

BOOK REVIEWS Soldiers West: Biographies from the Military Frontier. Edited by Paul Andrew Hutton (Lincoln: University of Ne­ braska Press, 1987). 276 pp. Illustrations. Notes. Index. $19.95 cloth; $9.95 paper. Multi-authored books are a problem for any editor, as well as for a reviewer. Independent essays, even on a unified theme such as Soldiers West which deals with fourteen dif­ ferent officers of the Indian-fighting army, cannot easily be reviewed within a limited setting. However, this quality pro­ duct enables the reader to gain a quick analysis of many army leaders who had a hand in subduing the last Indian warriors of the west, along with such pre-Civil War standouts as William Clark, Stephen H. Long and William S. Harney. In using a mix of established authors and younger his­ torians, Hutton has drawn together a knowledgable group, most of whom previously had written on the officer of their assignment. Here, we find Clark, Long and Harney dealt with by Jerome Steffen, Roger Nichols and Richmond Clow. Clark is characterized as "an imperial soldier and diplomatic figure" whereas Long played the role of engineer and explorer, not a battlefield commander. Harney, throughout his career, upheld the letter of the law. Arrell Gibson described General James Carleton as "the most powerful military figure in the Amer­ ican West" as the Civil War ended and Philip Sheridan, according to Paul Hutton, "was the nation's premier frontier soldier, commanding a larger frontier region for a longer period of time than any other officer." Brian Dippie tries to explain George Armstrong Custer's fame: more attention has 240 Missouri Historical Review been paid to his loser role than to anything else. George Crook is described as "an anomaly among frontier military leaders" by Jerome Greene, because he recognized Indians in a markedly different manner from most of his army con­ temporaries. The John Bourke essay by Joseph Porter, the one on Charles King by Charles Hedron, and on Frank Baldwin by Robert Carriker, emphasize the connections these officers had with their superiors. As proteges, their careers intimately became tied to the successes of Generals George Crook and Nelson Miles. Benjamin Grierson's role as the legendary commander of "buffalo soldiers," the black Tenth Cavalry, was described by Bruce Dinges. The organizational accom­ plishments of Ranald S. Mackenzie are presented by J'Nell L. Pate, while the essay on the chronic troublemaker and crusader, William B. Hazen, is the work of Marvin E. Kroeker. Robert M. Utley provided an essay on Nelson A. Miles as well as the general introduction on "The Frontier and the Ameri­ can Military Tradition." Many of the essays show the army repugnance of actions by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Although political influence frequently promoted their own advancement in rank, many of these army officers believed that politics entered the bureau. Indians were not dealt with fairly by the bureau, whereas the professionalism of the army would provide justice for Indians. Superlatives abound for this set of officers, at least in this setting. Mostly strong-willed people, some of them gained recognition in history because they stretched the limits of their prescribed orders. This volume follows a precedent set by R. David Edmunds and his anthology on Indian leaders. The book deals only with U.S. Army officers, no Indian warriors. An entirely different set of persons from the Indian- fighting army could fill another volume, but who would replace Custer? Kansas State University Homer E. Socolofsky

The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. By Stephen C. LeSueur (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1987). 286 pp. Notes. Appendix. Bibliographic essay. Index. $24.00. Although the story of the Mormon War in Missouri is told briefly in both Mormon and Missouri histories, this Historical Notes and Comments 241 volume provides the first detailed and comprehensive account of the affair. Using the abundant primary source materials in the archives of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Salt Lake City, the University of Missouri and the State Historical Society of Missouri in Columbia, Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, and the University of Utah and Utah State Historical Society libraries in Salt Lake City, the author has written an informative and analytical narrative of the causes and consequences of the conflict between the Mormon and non-Mormon settlers in northern Missouri, 1838-1839. The book also is illustrated with seven­ teen photographs or plates of the principal participants and events, two maps and a useful chronology. It includes fre­ quent quotations from diaries, letters, petitions, and official documents, some of which have been made available only in recent years. An important contribution of the book is the attention it gives to the attempts of non-Mormons who op­ posed the anti-Mormon vigilantes to quell the disturbances. As LeSueur relates, the Mormons believed the Missou- rians conspired to drive them from the state and steal their land, even to the extent of burning their own homes and blaming the Mormons. The swiftness with which some Mis- sourians moved onto Mormon land following the latter's surrender made it appear this had been the intention all along. Conversely, the Missourians believed the Mormons' theocratic rule in Caldwell County, the secret oaths of the Danite band, the unwillingness of Mormon leaders to submit to local authorities, and the military operations of the Mor­ mon militia indicated a Mormon intention to overthrow the government in western Missouri and supplant it with one of their own. LeSueur probes deeply into these conspiratorial beliefs as he discusses the misunderstandings, differences and escalat­ ing hostilities between Mormons and their non-Mormon neigh­ bors, intensified by the rapid influx of Mormon immigrants. He discusses also the struggle by civil authorities to maintain law and order: "Prejudice, poor judgment, and an inefficient state militia prevented state and local officials from effec­ tively or fairly resolving the crisis." (p. 246) Finally, he sug­ gests that "the conflict typified conditions and attitudes that have contributed to extralegal violence through American history." (p. 246) 242 Missouri Historical Review

LeSueur's analysis differs from previous research in four respects. (1) Despite the hostile rhetoric, Missourians were not so completely prejudiced against the Mormons as pre­ vious histories have indicated. (2) The militant spirit and occasionally lawless activities of the Mormons can be traced directly to Joseph Smith—a claim that not all Mormon re­ searchers believe he has fully substantiated. (3) The Mormon dissenters (John Corrill, Thomas Marsh, George Hinkle, and others) became disaffected out of a sincere opposition to the militant and criminal acts of some of the Mormon settlers. (4) The Richmond Court of Inquiry was not a "mock hearing," as the Mormons claimed, but simply a preliminary hearing in which the prosecution was required to furnish evidence that "the Mormon case" should be taken to trial. The defense was expected to present its strong case in the subsequent trial, but it did not take place because Mormon leaders, after several months in prison, were allowed to escape. The one-sidedness of the entire affair was not that the Mormons were innocent and yet driven from the state, but that the Mormons, though not entirely guiltless, were pun­ ished and driven from the state while the anti-Mormon vigi­ lantes, though guilty of many crimes, were never charged or held accountable. As Joseph Smith remarked, the law "is always administered against us and never in our favor." (p. 253) The Mormon War thus can be seen as the working out of dominant forces in American society. "The Mormons found themselves in the same position as Indians, blacks, abolition­ ists, and other groups whose activities, values or physical appearance conflicted with community norms." (p. 253) This is a thoughtful and well-documented study of an aspect of American history that has often been obscured by partisanship. LeSueur gives more credence to charges of Mormon misdeeds than some previous researchers have done. On the other hand, he furnishes strong evidence of the at­ tempts of a few well-intentioned Missourians, deploring the violence of the vigilante mobs even more than the under­ standable Mormon backlash, to minimize the conflict. With the issuance of an Executive Order on June 25, 1976, Governor Christopher S. Bond, on behalf of all Mis­ sourians, expressed "deep regret for the injustice and undue suffering" which was caused by the order of October 27,1838, calling for "the extermination or expulsion" of the Mormons Historical Notes and Comments 243 from Missouri. Happily, the climate of opinion now supports the efforts of scholars like LeSueur to render an honest and full account of a lamentable episode in Missouri's history. Brigham Young University Leonard J. Arrington

George Washington Carver In His Own Words. By Gary R. Kremer (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1987). 208 pp. Notes. Index. $25.00. The most famous Missourians include Mark Twain, Harry S. Truman and certainly George Washington Carver. His letters to friends, co-workers, admirers and students in this book by Gary R. Kremer reveal many reasons why Carver became such a famous Missourian. Best known as a biologi­ cal scientist, Carver applied his talents to the production of agricultural food products and the conversion of common crops, such as the peanut and sweet potato, into more valu­ able and useful products for man. These letters in Carver's own words were assembled by Kremer from collections at Tuskegee Institute and the National Monument in Diamond, Missouri. Born a slave, Carver's black mother was kidnapped by a band of bushwhackers. Moses and Susan Carver raised him for the work he could do as a slave on their farm. Susan Carver taught George until he started to an all-black school in Neosho, Missouri. Some early education included the local church services where he cultivated a love for music and religion. Highland College in Kansas accepted Carver sight- unseen. After administrators discovered he was black, they kicked him out on the basis of color. In 1890, he was accepted by Simpson College in Iowa and a year later, he transferred to Iowa State College at Ames, Iowa, where he earned two degrees, a bachelor's degree in 1894 and a master's degree in 1896. Carver became the first black student to receive a graduate degree in agriculture. He then was appointed direc­ tor of the Agricultural Experiment Station in Tuskegee, Ala­ bama. In 1928, Carver received an honorary doctorate of science degree from Simpson College. Testimony before the United States House Ways and Means Committee for a tariff on the peanut in 1921 brought Carver national attention. Carver's testimony reflected his belief in the use of scientific agriculture to improve the eco- 244 Missouri Historical Review nomic and social base of the South through a more intensive use of agriculturally abundant products. On the surface Carver seemed extremely self-confident. However, his letters revealed a need for reassurance about his accomplishments. At Tuskegee, he experienced resentment and jealousy from his black colleagues rather than the admiration experienced from others. Carver's work with finding new uses for surplus com­ modities, such as the peanut, made him a national hero. Some scientists failed to approve his claim of divine revela­ tion for his discoveries. Carver believed the scientist could not make discoveries by himself. He needed the help of God the Architect, Creator and Builder of the World. In a 1925 letter, Carver stated: "I am not interested in science or any­ thing else that leaves God out of it." To George Washington Carver, the phrase, "waste not, want not" expressed more than a trite aphorism; it presented a philosophical foundation for creative inquiry. "Take care of the waste on the farm and turn it into useful channels should be the slogan of every farmer." Today, many food and industrial products made from surplus farm products are the results of Carver's early inspirations and initiations. These letters illustrate Carver's love for his fellow man and especially love for his students. Carver's letters to his boys, as he called his students, are powerful expressions of emotions from a deeply concerned man for human love. University of Missouri-Columbia Merle Muhrer

Shorter Is Sweeter

Jefferson City Daily Eclipse, November 8, 1879. Long sermons are spoken of as clerical errors.

The Expert Speaks

Boonville Daily Advertiser, October 30,1875. P. T. Barnum will lecture in Sedalia Monday evening, November 1st. Subject—"How to make money." Historical Notes and Comments 245

BOOK NOTES These Little Ones: The History of the Missouri Baptist Chil­ dren's Home. By Jo Colay Ray (Bridgeton, Missouri: Missouri Baptist Children's Home, 1986). 144 pp. Illustrated. Indexed. $10.00 hardback; $5.00 paperback. The need for adequate care of orphaned children, espe­ cially infants, in the 1880s, pushed a group of St. Louis Baptist women to found the Missouri Baptist Children's Home. Written upon the 100th anniversary of the home, this book examines its early struggles, successes and more recent attempts to adopt modern methods and philosophies of child rearing. The author provides a narrative summary of the first half century under the leadership of Emily Durham and Agnes Eilers. Later, the depression and war years caused financial stress, and brought men into the administration of the home. From 1945 to 1975, superintendent and adminis­ trator Edgar Blake expanded and changed care facilities to accommodate more individualized attention to children and, by the 1970s, initiated counseling and day-care programs. Although a brief period from 1975 to 1980 brought economic distress to the home, the years from 1980 to 1986 have witnessed the development of regional homes and specialized counseling programs. During each period, Ray describes the administrators, care givers and staff who dedicated them­ selves to helping the children under their supervision. This book sells for $10.00 hardback or $5.00 paperback and can be purchased by writing to: Missouri Baptist Chil­ dren's Home, 11300 St. Charles Rock Road, Bridgeton, Mis­ souri 63044.

Hannibal, Too: Historic Sketches of Hannibal and its Neigh­ bors. By J. Hurley Hagood and Roberta Roland Hagood. Illustrations by Tim Pallady Smith (Marceline, Missouri: Walsworth Publishing Company, 1986). 313 pp. Illustrated. Indexed. $30.00. The Hagoods' bicentennial publication on Hannibal, The Story of Hannibal, provided a chronological history of this city from its early origins to 1976. Their second book discusses Hannibal's importance to Northeast Missouri and views its growth topically in respect to national historical events. Chap- 246 Missouri Historical Review ters covering railroads, stagecoaches, the Pony Express, the Gold Rush, the Underground Railroad, the Civil War and the standardization of time, show how Hannibal citizens and institutions participated in these larger historical processes and movements. Extensive research through letters, diaries and newspapers allows the authors to give local impressions of these regional and national events. Other chapters (such as "Industries of Other Days," "River Days-River Ways," "High Hopes-Disallusionment") concentrate on the area's eco­ nomic and social growth patterns and include interesting asides about early medicine and natural phenomena. The latter part of the book covers road development, city beautifi- cation and local relief efforts for the disadvantaged. Of course no book on Hannibal would be complete without mention of its most famous son, Samuel L. Clemens. The last chapter describes Hannibal's promotion of its connection with Mark Twain. Those interested in Hannibal will enjoy the detail regard­ ing its developments and people. Others will appreciate this history's local perspective. Hannibal, Too sells for $30.00 from Walsworth Publishing Company, Marceline, Missouri 64658.

KATY Power: Locomotives and Trains of the Missouri-Kan­ sas-Texas Railroad, 1912-1985. By Joe G. Collias and Ray­ mond B. George, Jr. (Crestwood, Missouri: MM Books, 1986). 268 pp. Illustrated. Maps. Bibliography. Not indexed. $42.00. Although not as famous or as large as its competitors, such as the Missouri Pacific and Frisco, the Missouri-Kansas- Texas Railroad has endured through its difficult but fascinat­ ing history. The authors trace KATY's early competition to reach Indian Territory, the establishment of the railroad network from Missouri, through Kansas, to Texas, the finan­ cial struggles and ensuing administrative changes, and recent attempts at consolidation with larger companies. Through separate chapters and numerous illustrations, the book focuses on the engines that sped down KATY's tracks. The last chapters provide miscellaneous information on stations, bridges and railyards, and color photographs of characteristic KATY locomotives, cars and buildings. Joe G. Collias has written four previous railroad histories. Historical Notes and Comments 247

Ray George, Jr., adds a personal touch from growing up with the KATY; his father worked with this railroad for 49 years. Maps and many rare photographs complement the history. This hardbound book sells for $42.00 from MM Books, P.O. Box 29318, Crestwood, Missouri 63126.

Forty Years in a Missouri Classroom: "Teacher, Teacher, I Done It! I Done It! I Done Done It!" By Grace Bacon Ferrier (Loose Creek, Missouri: The Westphalia Press, 1986). 276 pp. Illustrated. Indexed. $18.95 hardback; $12.95 paperback. One-room rural schoolhouses epitomize the early Ameri­ can educational experience, where teachers instructed pupils in classrooms under harsh weather conditions, with few sup­ plies, and without grade separation. This book chronicles that period of Missouri education through the eyes of one such teacher. The author, Grace Bacon Ferrier, taught during the difficult depression and war years and witnessed the social and administrative changes in Missouri's educational system for more than forty years. She relates her detailed remembrances of the Three Rivers country where the Gas­ conade, Osage and Missouri rivers meet; the lifestyles of the area's German and French residents; the hardships and joys of rural school teaching; and the challenge, but orderliness, of teaching in the suburban schools of Kirkwood. Ferrier also brings the reader into her personal reminiscences of family and friends. This book can be ordered from The Westphalia Press, the Dohman-Boessen House, Route 1, Box 96, Loose Creek, Mis­ souri 65054 for $12.95 in paperback and $18.95 in hardcover. Mail orders should include an additional $1.70 for taxes and postage.

To Noonday Bright: The Story of Southwest Baptist Univer­ sity, 1878-1984. By Mayme Lucille Hamlett (Bolivar, Missouri: Southwest Baptist University, 1984). 428 pp. Illustrated. Not indexed. $25.00. The doors of Southwest Baptist College opened in Leb­ anon, Missouri, September 17, 1878, under the leadership of James Rogers Maupin. A short time later, the institution moved to Bolivar, where it remains today. This hardback history includes information about finan- 248 Missouri Historical Review cial problems, building programs, student activities and liv­ ing conditions, the curriculum, the faculty and trustees, bio­ graphical sketches of the presidents and milestones over the years. On October 18, 1921, the University of Missouri ap­ proved the institution as a junior college; on April 5, 1956, it was admitted to the North Central Association as a junior college; nine years later it received accreditation as a senior college; and on August 31,1981, officials proclaimed it South­ west Baptist University. Also included are a list of trustees, recipients of honorary degrees and life service awards and missionaries who attended the college. The author, Mayme L. Hamlett, taught English and Latin at the college from 1944 to 1960. After her retirement in 1973, she compiled this history, using board of trustee minutes, college and church publications and local newspapers. To Noonday Bright sells for $25.00, postpaid, and may be ordered from The Office of Alumni Affairs, Southwest Bap­ tist University, Bolivar, Missouri 65613-2496.

When Golf Came To Kansas City. By Kenneth Krakauer (Kansas City, Missouri: Adler's Inc., 1986). 96 pp. Illustrated. Not indexed. $15.00. This history of golf in Kansas City presents a rather unique study of a popular pastime. In 1894, two Scotsmen came to Kansas City and brought with them their love for golf. They laid out a green on crude farmland near 36th and Gillham Road. A game so old the Dutch and Scots played it before the birth of Christopher Columbus, it did not appear on the east coast of the United States until 1888. In 1923, Edward W. Cochrane, sports editor of the Kansas City Journal, remarked that more Kansas City people took part in golf than possibly any other sport. At that time there were fifteen private golf clubs in the vicinity. A year later he called Kansas City the leading golf center in the United States considering its population. The paperback volume includes the history of area golf clubs and information about the competitors, both men and women. The book lists the champions in various competitions and a Kansas City area golf clubs chronology (1894-1986). When Golf Came To Kansas City sells for $15.00, plus $2.00 tax and mailing costs. It may be ordered from Kenneth Krakauer, 1013 West 67th Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64113. Historical Notes and Comments 249

Game Warden? Shoot The S.O.B. By Harold Hoey (n.p., n.d.). 75 pp. Illustrated. Not indexed. $5.00. Author Harold Hoey spent thirty-seven years with the Missouri Conservation Department. He likes to tell funny stories about the past experiences of a conservation agent's life. People suggested he write them down, and Hoey com­ plied although he admits he is an outdoorsman, not a writer. The paperback booklet, illustrated with cartoons by Keith Brown, is interesting to read and should appeal to Missouri sportsmen and women. It is available for $5.00 postpaid from Harold L. Hoey, 1425 Eastwood, Marshall, Missouri 65340.

The Five Little Greens. By Martha McHenry Green (Mexico, Missouri, 1985). 159 pp. Illustrated. Indexed. $17.95. Martha McHenry Green presents fond recollections of growing up in Mexico, Missouri, as a member of one of the city's most noted families. Her father Allen Percy Green, purchased a tiny plant, the Mexico Brick and Fire Clay Company, and it soon grew to become the A.P. Green Com­ pany of today. This story of the five Green children and their devoted parents covers a greater part of the 20th century. The interesting hardback volume is available at The Charm Shop, 106 North Jefferson Street, Mexico, Missouri 65265. It sells for $17.95.

History of Audrain County Missouri, An Update 1936-1986. Compiled and published by the Audrain County Historical Society (Mexico, Missouri, 1986). 598 pp. Illustrated. Indexed. $45.00. Two years of preparation and research and a year of writing, editing and organizing material produced this hard­ back history to commemorate Audrain County's sesquicen­ tennial. This book focuses on the past 50 years, 1936 to 1986. Earlier volumes published in 1884 and 1936 should provide a complete history for this Missouri county. The recent edition notes events, such as economic depression, disasters and wars, along with information about noted persons, county government, cities, organizations, churches, schools, healing arts, business, celebrations, homes and family genealogies. The book sells for $45, plus $3 for mailing. It may be ordered from Audrain County Historical Society, P.O. Box 3, Mexico, Missouri 65265. 250 Missouri Historical Review

STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS AND GIFTS

Memberships in The State Historical Society of Mis­ souri are available in the following categories:

Annual Membership $5.00 Contributing Annual Membership $25.00 Supporting Annual Membership $50.00 Sustaining Annual Membership ...... $100.00 to $499.00 Patron Annual Membership $500.00 or more Life Membership $100.00

Each category of membership is tax deductible. Member­ ships help The State Historical Society preserve and disseminate the history of Missouri. The Missouri His­ torical Review is included as a membership benefit of the Society.

Gifts of cash and property to the Society are de­ ductible for federal income, estate and gift tax purposes. Inquiries concerning memberships, gifts or bequests to the Society should be addressed to:

James W. Goodrich, Director The State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street Columbia, Missouri 65201 Phone (314) 882-7083 Newton Co. Hist. Soc. NEWTON COUNTY HISTORICAL MUSEUM In 1988, members of the Newton County Historical Society will celebrate the 100th anniversary of their museum building. Formerly, the Newton County jail and sheriffs residence, the two-story, eight room, brick and frame structure is located at the corner of McCord and Washington streets in Neosho. Twelve cells once connected at the back of the building and two cells for women prisoners and young boys remain on the second story of the house. In 1886, the county court decided to build the jail, and it let the contract to a St. Louis company on June 6, 1887. Constructed at a cost of $6,000, the building served as the jail until 1936. The Welfare Department then occupied the site for twenty years. In January 1957, an editorial in the local newspaper suggested that the vacant structure be turned over to the county historical society for a museum. Interested persons met and reorganized the Newton County Historical Society, initially formed in 1949. Society members requested the old jail building, and the county court turned it over to them. Volunteers repaired and redecorated the structure for its grand opening on Memorial Day 1958. After a successful first year, hard times again fell on the Society, and damage from the elements forced the closing of the museum. American Revolution Bicentennial activities sparked interest again and brought young, dynamic leadership to the Society. Larry James helped redecorate the library in the museum and led in the organization, cataloging and indexing of historical papers. Society volunteers operate the museum, open last summer each afternoon, Monday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Sunday. Exhibits feature a Victorian parlor scene, 1800s kitchen, children's toys, clothing, Civil War artifacts, items relating to World Wars I & II, mining artifacts, farm-related tools and Indian arrowheads. These items recall the heritage of Neosho and Newton County. Settled in the early 1830s near several large springs, Neosho became the Newton County seat in 1839. Located on the Ozark tableland prairies of Southwest Missouri, the area is rich in minerals. Granby is the region's oldest lead and zinc mining town. Civil War engage­ ments devastated Newtonia, the county's oldest settlement. A national monument near Diamond marks the birthplace site of noted black scientist George Washington Carver. Neosho is an Indian word meaning clear, cold water and designated a meeting place at the "Big Springs." During the Civil War, the Rebel legislature met here in October 1861, and drew up an act of secession. Rebuilt after Civil War destruction, Neosho became the home of Congressman Maecenas E. Benton and birthplace of noted artist Thomas Hart Benton. The Neosho National Fish Hatchery, established in 1888, is the oldest in operation today. The army opened Camp Crowder at the southern edge of Neosho in 1941. After it closed permanently, a portion of that property became Crowder College. Rocketdyne industry sparked modern business activities which today include the manufacture of wild game calls, toys, barbecue grills, chairs, mobile homes and food products. In 1957, Neosho won an all- American City award for outstanding civic effort. It is this colorful and proud past the Newton County Historical Museum seeks to preserve for future generations.